Academic Libraries

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Library and Information Science

Academic Libraries

Role of Academic Libraries in Media and Information Literacy (MIL)

Content Reviewer

Paper Coordinator

Content Writer

Dr. Jagdish Arora, Director INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar Principal Investigator

&

Subject Coordinator

Paper No : 11 Academic Libraries

Module : 04 Role of Academic Libraries in Media and Information Literacy (MIL)

Paper Coordinator Principal Investigator

&

Subject Coordinator

Paper Coordinator

Content Writer

Content Reviewer

Dr. Jagdish Arora, Director INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar

Prof Jagtar Singh

Professor and Head, Dept of Library and Information Science, Punjabi University, Patiala

Dr Rupak Chakravarty

Assistant Professor, Department of Library and Information Science, Punjabi University Prof Jagtar Singh

Professor and Head, Dept of Library and Information Science, Punjabi University, Patiala

Development Team

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Role of Academic Libraries in Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Description of Module

Subject Name Library and Information Science Paper Name 11 Academic Libraries

Module Name/Title Role of Academic Libraries in Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Module Id LIS/AL-R/04

Pre-requisites Objectives Keywords

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Learn More (LM)

Lesson 12-B

P-02: Academic Libraries

Title of the Module: Role of Academic Libraries in Media and Information Literacy (MIL)

1. Do you know?

 Academic Libraries can play a vital role in promoting MIL.

 Academic libraries can empower the library users so that they can utilize information effectively.

 Many libraries in the world have well structured Media and Information Literacy Programmes (MILPs) in place doing wonderful job.

 Academic libraries train the students and research scholars achieving their goals through diverse enriching methods.

 MILP initiated by libraries can greatly benefit teachers thus strengthening the concept of

“training the trainer”

 MIL involves the sources of information like TV, radio, Internet, newspapers (print, online and e-paper), magazines, books, billboards, video games, music.

 UNESCO has had a long-standing experience with media literacy and education. The organization has supported a number of initiatives to introduce media and information literacy as an important part of lifelong learning. Most recently, the UNESCO Action for Media Education and Literacy brought together experts from numerous regions of the world to "catalyze processes to introduce media and information literacy components into teacher training curricula worldwide.

2. Point to remember

 Media literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media. Media literate youth and adults are better able to understand the complex messages we receive from television, radio, Internet, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, video games, music, and all other forms of media.

 Libraries/Educators need to introduce MIL to these students to help them become media and media and information literate.

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 Libraries should establish a MIL rich environment to encourage higher-order thinking by stretching students’ thinking. Very little changes would be made if the educators are not supporting MIL in their professional environment.

 Five Laws of Library Science given by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan resonates with the philosophy and principles of MIL

 Libraries can minimize the time gap between the information need and usage of relevant documents if they train their users in MIL.

 The fifth law itself is an indication of the rapid paradigm shifts taking place, including the shift from print to electronic, from text to multimedia.

 Libraries, through MIL can take the users to the next level where they can experience Lifelong learning and better sensemaking.

 When it comes to identifying the stakeholders for practicing MIL, libraries can’t be the second best choice.

 Academic libraries can play a pro-active role in MIL policymaking.

 Academic libraries should promote, support, facilitate and participate in integrating MIL into extra-curricular activities of the educational institution to complement formal classroom settings viz. MIL clubs, MIL quality circles, MIL level assessment and evaluation quizzes, credit-based certification, community radio programmes, establishing linkages with local media, etc.

 Academic libraries may also organize MIL award programmes to reward “best practices”.

 Media and Information Literate Teachers, empower

 Media and Information Literate Students, create

 Media and Information Literate Societies

 One of the initiatives taken by by IITs and IISc in the direction of OpenCourseWare (OCW) is National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL). It provides e-learning through online Web and Video courses in Engineering, Science and humanities streams.

 Blended learning is an instructional approach that includes a combination of online and in- person learning activities. For example, students can complete online self-paced assignments by a certain date and then meet on-site or online for additional learning activities.

 A Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) is an e-learning education system based on the web that models conventional in-person education by providing equivalent virtual access to classes, class content, tests, homework, grades, assessments, and other external resources such as academic or museum website links.

 The massive open online course (MOOC) is an online phenomenon made possible by: (1) social networking facilitation of acknowledged expert(s) in a field of study; (2) freely accessible online resources; and (3) hundreds to thousands of registered students. MOOCs have

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free (no fee) open enrollment to anyone anywhere with network access. MOOCs do not seek or require accreditation. Students self-organize their participation in a MOOC.

 Self-paced learning refers to the type of instruction that allows a person to control the flow of the courseware. It implies the learning environment is asynchronous.

 Synchronous learning: When learners participate in an online learning course at the same time but in different locations, it is known as synchronous learning. Synchronous learning allows learners to interact with the instructor and other participants. This is done through software that creates a virtual classroom.

 The National Knowledge Network (NKN) is a revolutionary state-of-the-art multi-gigabit pan- Indian resource-sharing network aimed at digitally connecting all national universities, colleges and research establishments to create ‘country-wide virtual classrooms’.

 Jenkins, Henry (2009) lists the following skills, as essential for students in this new media landscape:

a. Play: The capacity to experiment with the surroundings as a form of problem solving.

b. Performance: The ability to adopt alternative identities for the purpose of improvisation and discovery.

c. Simulation: The ability to interpret and construct dynamic models of real world processes.

d. Appropriation: The ability to meaningfully sample and remix media content.

e. Multitasking: The ability to scan the environment and shift focus onto salient details.

f. Distributed Cognition: The ability to interact meaningfully with tools that expand mental capacities.

g. Collective Intelligence: The ability to pool knowledge and compare notes with others toward a common goal.

h. Judgement: The ability to evaluate the reliability and credibility of different information sources.

i. Transmedia Navigation: The ability to follow the flow of stories and information across multiple modalities.

j. Networking: The ability to search for, synthesize, and disseminate information.

k. Negotiation: The ability to travel across diverse communities, discerning and respecting multiple perspectives, and grasping and following alternative norms.

 National Mission on Libraries (NML) has been set up by Ministry of Culture, Government of India, in pursuance of National Knowledge Commission recommendations for sustained attention for development of Libraries and Information Science Sector. Its main missions are:

a. Creation of National Virtual Library of India (NVLI) b. Setting up of NML Model Libraries,

c. Quantitative & Qualitative Survey of Libraries

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Role of Academic Libraries in Media and Information Literacy (MIL) d. Capacity Building

3. Web Links

 https://downloads.newcastle.edu.au/library/tutorials/infoskills/glossary.html

 https://glossar.ub.uni-kl.de/index?l=I

 http://libguides.madisoncollege.edu/c.php?g=92562&p=598645

 http://www.ala.org/acrl/issues/infolit/overview/glossary

 http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/news-and-in- focus-articles/in-focus-articles/2014/paris-declaration-on-media-and-information-literacy- adopted/

 http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media- development/media-literacy/mil-as-composite-concept/

 http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-

development/media-literacy/global-alliance-for-partnerships-on-media-and-information- literacy/

 http://eumedus.com/

 http://milunesco.unaoc.org/

 http://www.ifla.org/publications/towards-media-and-information-literacy-indicators

4. Glossary

 Abstract

 Summary of the main content of an information source, such as a journal article. Abstracts may be included with the citations in an online index such as a database.

 A brief, objective summary of the essential content of a book, article, speech, report, dissertation, or other work that presents the main points in the same order as the original but has no independent literary value.

 An abstract can be indicative, informative, critical, or written from a particular point of view (slanted). In a scholarly journal article, the abstract follows the title and the name(s) of the author(s) and precedes the text.

 Acronyms

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A new name or word that is pronounceable and hence memorable, coined from the first, or first few letters or parts of a phrase or compound term. For example, UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

 A - E method of information evaluation

 Authority - Refers to the author or organization's credentials to report information on a particular topic.

 Bias - Indicates the degree of objectivity of an author, organization, or source. Including more personal beliefs, opinion, and emotion indicate more bias and less objectivity.

 Currency - Relates to whether or not source material is up-to-date. For topics, such as technology, sources might have to be very recent in order to ensure accuracy.

 Domain - A website's URL or address indicates the type of source it is (.edu, higher education; .gov, federal or state government), which can help visitors decide if the source is credible & accurate.

 External verification - Cross-check the key facts, statistics, and claims of information sources against other, trusted information sources.

 Blog

A website, usually maintained by one person, where he or she posts commentary, descriptions of events, pictures or videos. Other users can leave comments on blog entries but only the owner can edit the actual blog.

 Bibliography

 In the context of scholarly publication, a list of references to sources cited in the text of an article or book, or suggested by the author for further reading, usually given at the end of the work.

 A list of citations for a paper, report, article, or a particular topic.

 Bibliographical Management Software

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Software which facilitates the management of references and citations. Users can create a database of all the sources of information needed to support a piece of writing or research. These sources can be imported in bulk directly from bibliographical databases or library catalogues or details can be entered manually. Example: Citavi, EndNote or EndNote Web, Reference Manager, ProCite, Zotero.

 Blind peer review

Review process in which journal articles are reviewed by independent reviewers. In "double blind" peer review, neither the author nor the reviewers know each others' identities.

 Bookmark

In computing, to mark a document or a specific location in a document for subsequent retrieval. Most web browser software includes a "bookmark" or "favourites" option that allows an Internet address (URL) to be archived, enabling the user to revisit the site without having to retype the address or repeat the original search from scratch. 1.

 Browser

Computer programs that provide access to sites on the Internet. For example, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and Safari.

 BYOD

 the practice of allowing the employees of an organization to use their own computers, smartphones, or other devices for work purposes.

 Bring your own device (BYOD) is an IT policy where employees are allowed or encouraged to use their personal mobile devices—and, increasingly, notebook PCs—to access enterprise data and systems.

 Many libraries including public libraries are experimenting with BYOD.

 Call number

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A unique code printed on a label attached to the outside of an item in a library collection, usually the lower spine of a book, DVD, journal, etc. Call numbers are also displayed in library catalogue records, to identify the specific copy of the work and give its location on a library shelf.

 Catalogues

A list of items in a collection systematically ordered to enable users to retrieve the record of each item by searching the fields under which it is catalogued, that is, the title, author, etc.

 Citation

 A reference which lists the bibliographic details of the material paraphrased, mentioned or quoted in your research. The reference provides information such as title, author, journal title, volume, issue, publisher and date of publication so as to identify the specific resource used.

 A short text notation that describes a work and where and in what form that work can be referred to. The structure of the citation will be different, depending on the citation format (MLA, APA), but normally includes author, title, publisher, and format (print, online) information.

 Content Validity

It (also known as logical validity) refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given social construct.

 CRAAP Test - Another method for Evaluating Information Sources:

 C = Currency

 R = Relevance

 A = Authority

 A = Accuracy

 P = Purpose

 Database

A large, regularly updated file of digitized information (bibliographic records, abstracts, full text documents, directory entries, images, statistics, etc.) related to a specific subject or field,

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consisting of records of uniform format organized for ease and speed of search and retrieval and managed with the aid of database management system (DBMS) software. Content is created by the database producer (for example, the American Psychological Association), which usually publishes a print version (Psychological Abstracts) and leases the content to one or more database vendors (EBSCO, OCLC, etc.) that provide electronic access to the data after it has been converted to machine-readable form (PsycINFO), usually online via the Internet, using proprietary search software.

 E-journal

Electronic journals appear either alongside an existing print journal, or exclusively in electronic form. A significant feature of an electronic journal is that its articles are available as full text.

 Electronic discussion groups

Free email-based service which allows subscribers to post messages discussing topics related to a specific area of interest. Many groups are moderated by a person who keeps the discussion on the topic.

 FAQ

Many Web sites provide a page of FAQs, frequently asked questions. FAQ pages are valuable because they provide quick answers to common problems and questions.

 Footnote

A brief note at the bottom of a page explaining or expanding upon a point in the text or indicating the source of a quotation or idea attributed by the author to another person.

Footnotes are indicated in the text by an Arabic numeral in superscript, or a reference mark, and are usually printed in a smaller size of the font used for the text. When numbered, the sequence usually starts with 1 at the beginning of each chapter but may occasionally start with 1 at the beginning of each page. Compare with endnote and in-text citation.

 Free Open Source Software (FOSS)

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 Acronym for Free or Open Source Software. FOSS programs are those that have licenses that allow users to freely run the program for any purpose, modify the program as they want, and also to freely distribute copies of either the original version or their own modified version.

 Free Open Source Software (FOSS), also called just Open Source or Free Software, is licensed to be free to use, modify, and distribute.

 Full-text

1. Documents available online which are complete and entire.

2. An electronic resource that provides the entire text of a single work (example: Britannica Online) or of articles published in one or more journals, magazines, and/or newspapers.

 Home page

The first or main page of a site on the Internet, displayed whenever a user logs on to a browser and opens the site address (URL). The filename at the end of a homepage address is often home.html, index.html, main.html, or something similar. A well-designed homepage gives the title of the site, name of author, host, date of last update, notice of copyright, table of contents, and links to subpages providing more detailed information about the site, usually the best starting point when navigating the site for the first time.

 Index - Can be as simple as a guide to a book's content, often found in the back of a book, or an online guide to a page, subject, or website.

 Infographic

 An infographic (information graphic) is a visual representation of information or data, e.g.

as a chart or diagram. It can simplify a complicated subject or turn an otherwise boring subject into a captivating experience.

 It is a representation of information in a graphic format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance.

 Intended to present information quickly and clearly. They can improve cognition by utilizing graphics to enhance the human visual system's ability to see patterns and trends.

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 Information and communication technologies (ICT)

Diverse set of technological tools and resources used to transmit, store, create, share or exchange information. These technological tools and resources include computers, the Internet (websites, blogs and emails), live broadcasting technologies (radio, television and webcasting), recorded broadcasting technologies (podcasting, audio and video players, and storage devices) and telephony (fixed or mobile, satellite, visio/video-conferencing, etc.).

 Information Ethics

 Information ethics has been defined as "the branch of ethics that focuses on the relationship between the creation, organization, dissemination, and use of information, and the ethical standards and moral codes governing human conduct in society".

 The branch of ethics that focuses on the relationship between the creation, organization, dissemination, and use of information, and the ethical and moral codes governing human conduct in society.

 Information Literacy (IL)

The set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze, and use information. Information literacy is more closely tied to course-integrated instruction but it extends far beyond coordination between the reference librarian and the individual faculty member. Even a cursory review of the Information Literacy Competency Standards (link) will show that there is much more to information literacy competence than library-related research. Students must demonstrate competencies in formulating research questions and in their ability to use information as well as an understanding of ethical and legal issues surrounding information. This requires a campus culture of collaboration and focus on student learning.

IL is a set of competences enabling you

- to recognize when information is needed

- to select information from different print and electronic resources - to locate

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Role of Academic Libraries in Media and Information Literacy (MIL) - to evaluate and

- to use effectively

the corresponding information.

 Information sources

Each item of information is created in context to its originator's purpose, whether it was to inform, entertain, or educate and its quality and value depends on the information need.

 Internet

A global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of millions of private, public, academic, business and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. See also World Wide Web.

 Journal

A publication with a set title, issued at regular and stated intervals (eg. quarterly), which is intended to continue being published for an indefinite period into the future. A journal contains documents, usually articles, written by different authors. Journals and especially scholarly journals, contain articles written by individuals with specialist knowledge and relevant qualifications in the subject and who will often have conducted the original research as described in the article. Articles are accompanied by extensive citations, a bibliography and commonly also include an abstract.

 Keyword

 A word (or phrase) used when searching an index such as an online database. Unlike subject headings, keywords are not part of the subject vocabulary of the database.

 Descriptive word or phrase found in a record in an electronic database that aids in retrieval of documents. In full text searching, every word in a document becomes a keyword. A thesaurus is often constructed to list acceptable keywords.

 Library Skills

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Role of Academic Libraries in Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Competency in the use of a library.

Connected to the idea of learner-centred education. It recognizes that learning does not ‘start’ and

‘stop’ after a programme of instruction within a specific time and space. Each individual is constantly learning, which makes media and information technologies critical to sustain this kind of learning. It occurs in various settings (places of work, in community activities, non-formal education settings, etc.)

Library 2.0

 Library 2.0 (L2) is a transformation in the way library services are delivered to library users. It provides new tools to make the library space (both virtual and physical) more interactive, collaborative and driven by community needs.

 Modernized form of library service that reflects a transition within the library world in the way that services are delivered to users. The focus is on user-centered change and participation in the creation of content and community.

 Literacy

Literacy means well-versed in a particular subject, lettered, erudite, conversant, informed, widely- read, enlightened or well-grounded; literate people are not necessarily scholars, geniuses, or experts, but, rather, they know the facts associated with, and are able to understand and comprehend a particular subject very well, such as history, science, art, and so on, and they often

“profit by” their literacy in both tangible (e.g. financial) and intangible (e.g. erudition, edification) ways

 M-learning

 M-learning or mobile learning is defined as "learning across multiple contexts, through social and content interactions, using personal electronic devices.”. A form of distance education, m-learners use mobile device educational technology at their time convenience.

 Mobile learning involves the use of mobile technology, either alone or in combination with other information and communication technology (ICT), to enable learning anytime and anywhere.

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 MIL competencies

A set of competencies that empower citizens to access, retrieve, evaluate, understand, use and create information and media content in all formats and sources, using ICTs in a critical, ethical and effective way. The MIL competencies are composed of knowledge, skills and attitudes.

 Media Literacy (ML):

 Media Literacy is a 21st century approach to education. It provides a framework to access, analyze, evaluate, create and participate with messages in a variety of forms — from print to video to the Internet. Media literacy builds an understanding of the role of media in society as well as essential skills of inquiry and self-expression necessary for citizens of a democracy.

 Understanding and using mass media in either an assertive or non-assertive way, including an informed and critical understanding of media, the techniques they employ and their effects. Also the ability to read, analyse, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of media forms (e.g. television, print, radio, computers etc.).

 Media regulation

 Media regulation is the control or guidance of mass media by governments and other bodies.

 The use of legal means to control media ownership and the content of media communications.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

 A massive open online course (MOOC) is a model for delivering learning content online to any person who wants to take a course, with no limit on attendance.

 It is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.

 Multimedia

The combined use of several media, especially for the purposes of education or entertainment. It can also mean the integration of text, sound, full– or partial–motion video or graphics in digital form.

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 Network

A group of physically discrete computers interconnected to allow resources to be shared and data exchanged, usually by means of telecommunication links and client/server architecture. Most networks are administered by an operations center that provides assistance to users. The largest

"network of networks" in the world is the Internet, allowing users of computers of all types and sizes to communicate in real time.

 Open Access (OA)

 Open access (OA) journals are scholarly journals that are available online to the reader

"without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself."

 Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.

 An open access publication is a publication that provides immediately free online access to all users worldwide.

 OpenCourseWare (OCW)

 OpenCourseWare (OCW) are course lessons created at universities and published for free via the Internet.

 Designed for independent learners. They include more resources than a typical course and provide step-by-step guidance.

 In India, NPTEL and ePG-Pathshala are two such initiatives.

 Online Privacy

 Internet privacy is a subset of data privacy. Privacy concerns have been articulated from the beginnings of large scale computer sharing. Privacy can entail either Personally Identifying Information (PII) or non-PII information such as a site visitor's behavior on a website.

 Internet privacy is the privacy and security level of personal data published via the Internet.

 Online safety

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Internet safety, or online safety, is the knowledge of maximizing the user's personal safety and security risks to private information and property associated with using the internet, and the self- protection from computer crime in general.

 Online Security

Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the Internet, often involving browser security but also network security on a more general level as it applies to other applications or operating systems on a whole.

 OPAC

 An online public access catalogue (often abbreviated as OPAC or simply library catalogue) is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Users search a library catalogue principally to locate books and other material available at a library.

 An OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) is an online bibliography of a library collection that is available to the public. It is an online database of all of the resources held in the library.

 Peer reviewed

A "quality control" and editorial procedure used in academic publishing, whereby a panel of experts checks (reviews) the validity and accuracy of the content of a document prior to its publication. The peer review process is a distinguishing feature of scholarly journals and is crucial to maintaining high standards and accuracy and authority.

 Periodical

 Written magazine, newspaper, academic journal, or trade publication that is published in regular intervals. Some are published daily, monthly, weekly, quarterly, depending on the source.

 A magazine or other publication where the issues appear at stated or regular intervals and which is intended to go on indefinitely. Usually, each issue contains articles by several contributors.

 Plagiarism

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Role of Academic Libraries in Media and Information Literacy (MIL) The act of appropriating the work or ideas of others and presenting it as one's own.

 The presentation of the thoughts or works of another as one's own. This includes:

 Copying or paraphrasing material from any source without due acknowledgment

 Using another's ideas without due acknowledgment

 Working with others without permission and presenting the resulting work as though it was completed independently.

 Primary sources

In scholarship, a document or record containing first hand information or original data on a topic, used in preparing a derivative work. Primary sources include original manuscripts, periodical articles reporting original research or thought, diaries, memoirs, letters, journals, photographs, drawings, posters, film footage, sheet music, songs, interviews, government documents, public records, eye-witness accounts, newspaper clippings, etc.

 Reference

A conventional word or phrase used in a work to refer the reader to another part of the text (see above or see below) or a similar word or phrase used in an index, catalogue, or reference work to direct the user from one heading or entry to another (see or see also). Also refers to any Latin phrase used in footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies to refer the reader to works previously quoted or cited, for example, ibid. and op. cit. Sometimes used synonymously with citation.

 Reference book

A book designed to be consulted when authoritative information is needed, rather than read cover to cover. Reference books often consist of a series of signed or unsigned "entries" listed alphabetically under headwords or headings, or in some other arrangement (classified, numeric, etc.). The category includes almanacs, atlases, bibliographies, biographical sources, catalogues, concordances, dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias, glossaries, handbooks, indexes, manuals, research guides, union lists, yearbooks, etc., whether published commercially or as government

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documents. Long reference works may be issued in multivolume sets, with any indexes in the last volume.

 Referencing styles

A set of rules for the consistent method of formatting in-text references and bibliographies.

The style used may be determined by the subject area, your lecturer or school. Some of the more popular referencing styles include, APA, Harvard, Chicago, MLA and Vancouver.

 Scientific Networks

 Scientific networks are online and/or software-based networking platforms which facilitate scientists, researchers and authors a well defined, well managed, holistic and systematic environment for scholarly communication involving document uploading, adding metadata, sharing, collaborating, Q/A along with some very common features offered by social networks like follow, being followed, etc.

 They help scholars to maintain their academic profile including publication details (bibliographic as well as full-text) along with uploading grey literature including datasets, posters, presentations, etc.

 Popular scientific networks include ResearchGate, Mendeley, qiqqa, ReadCube

 Search engine

A web site comprised of a large database of web sites. A search engine's spider (computer program) collects the web pages. The search engine then allows visitors to do keyword searching to find appropriate pages.

 Search Terms

Keywords or phrases used in a search strategy to retrieve relevant records from a catalogue or library database.

 Secondary source

Any published or unpublished work that is one step removed from the original source.

Secondary sources usually describe, summarise, analyse, evaluate, derive from, or are based on primary source material.

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 Social networking

Online connections with people in networks surrounding a common interest or activity. Social network activity includes people publishing profiles that provide information about themselves.

‘Facebook’ is an example of a popular social network.

 Subject gateways

 Subject gateways are Internet services which support systematic resource discovery. They provide links to resources (documents, objects, sites or services), predominantly accessible via the Internet. The service is based on resource description.

 According to Lorcan Dempsey, “Subject gateways are internet services which support systematic resource discovery. They provide links to resources (documents, objects, sites or services) predominantly accessible via the internet. The service is based on resource description. Browsing access to the resource via a subject structure is an important feature”.

 Synonyms

A word or phrase that has the same (or very nearly the same) meaning as another term in the same language, for example, the terms "book jacket" and "dust jacket." Synonyms in a language are collected in a thesaurus, available in the reference section of most libraries.

 Thesaurus

A book that lists words in groups of synonyms and related concepts. 2. For example, The Macquarie Thesaurus or Roget's Thesaurus.

 User Generated Content (UGC)

 User-generated content (UGC) is the words and photos that unpaid contributors create and provide to publications, particularly Web properties.

 Defined as "any form of content such as blogs, wikis, discussion forums, posts, chats, tweets, podcasting, pins, digital images, video, audio files, advertisements and other forms of media that was created by users of an online system or service, often made available via social media websites"

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 Term used to describe any form of content such as video, blogs, discussion form posts, digital images, audio files, and other forms of media that was created by consumers or end- users of an online system or service and is publically available to others consumers and end-users. User-generated content is also called consumer

 URL

Stands for Uniform Resource Locator. URLs are the "names" of web sites and read as punctuated statements. For example; www.newcastle.edu.au - which is the web name of the University.

 Virtual Learning Environments (VLE)

 A virtual learning environment (VLE) is a Web-based platform for the digital aspects of courses of study, usually within educational institutions.

 A virtual learning environment (VLE) is a set of teaching and learning tools designed to enhance a student's learning experience by including computers and the Internet in the learning process.

 A Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) is a system for delivering learning materials to students via the web. These systems include assessment, student tracking, collaboration and communication tools. They can be accessed both on and off-campus

 Web Scale Discovery Services (WSDS)

 one-stop or single window searching of libraries' owned and licensed collections allowing users to conduct single keyword searches over the virtual entirety of a library's accessible resources.

 Marshall Breeding explains that using the term “web-scale” to describe these services denotes

“the discovery platforms that aim to manage access through a single index to all library content to the same extent that search engines address content on the web.”

 Web 2.0

Applications that facilitate interactivity and allow users to design their own software features. Web 2.0 applications emphasize the importance of collaboration and sharing.

 Webinars

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 A seminar conducted over the Internet.

 The term "webinar" is a portmanteau of web and seminar, meaning a presentation, lecture, or workshop that is transmitted over the web.

 It is a presentation, lecture, workshop or seminar that is transmitted over the Web using video conferencing software. A key feature of a Webinar is its interactive elements -- the ability to give, receive and discuss information.

 Webcast

 A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand. Essentially, webcasting is

“broadcasting” over the Internet.

 The largest "webcasters" include existing radio and TV stations, which "simulcast" their output through online TV or online radio streaming, as well as a multitude of Internet only

"stations".

 Website

Collection of interlinked web pages with a related topic, usually under a single domain name. In the context of educational institutions, a website includes a home page with links to pertinent pedagogical information and other related activities.

 Wiki

A website usually maintained by more than one person, where users collaborate on content. They often have multiple, interlinked pages and content including commentary, description of events, documents, etc.

A wiki differs from a blog in that its content is usually updated by multiple users and a larger variety of materials can be downloaded and uploaded onto it.

 World Wide Web

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A vast network of interconnected computer systems which communicate using HTTP hypertext protocols. Also called the Web.