Conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over mesoporous-ZrO

(1)

Electronic Supplementary Data

Conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over mesoporous-ZrO

₂

-phosphomolybdic acid nanocomposite catalysts

Nayeem Pasha

^a,

*, P Krishna Kumari

^b

, N Vamsikrishna

^a

, N Lingaiah

^b

, N J P Subhashini

^a

& Shivaraj

^a,

*

aDepartment of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India

bCatalysis Laboratory, Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India

Email: nayeem77sk@gmail.com

No. Contents Pg No.

1 Fig. S1 ⸺ (a) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of Meso-ZrO2 and ZMPA samples. (1) Meso- ZrO2, (2) ZMPA (20), (3) ZMPA (25), (4) ZMPA (30), and, (5) ZMPA (35). (b) The pore size distribution of the samples of Meso-ZrO2 and ZMPA samples. (1) Meso-ZrO2, (2) ZMPA (20), (3) ZMPA (25), (4) ZMPA (30), and, (5) ZMPA (35).

2

2 Fig. S2 ⸺ Effect of MPA loading on the dehydration of fructose to HMF (reaction conditions:

fructose: 0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, catalyst weight: 0.05 g, reaction time: 30 min, temperature: 120 °C).

2 3 Fig. S3 ⸺ Effect of reaction temperature on the dehydration of fructose to HMF over ZMPA (30)

catalyst (reaction conditions: fructose: 0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, catalyst weight: 0.05 g, reaction time: 1 h).

3 4 Fig. S4 ⸺ Effect of reaction time on the dehydration of fructose over ZMPA (30) catalyst (reaction

conditions: fructose: 0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, catalyst weight: 0.05 g, temperature: 120 °C). 3 5 Fig. S5 ⸺ Effect of catalyst weight on the dehydration of fructose to HMF over ZMPA (30) catalyst

(reaction conditions: fructose: 0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, reaction time: 30 min, temperature: 120 °C). 4 6 Fig. S6 ⸺ Reusability of ZMPA (30) catalyst for fructose dehydration (reaction conditions: fructose:

0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, catalyst weight: 0.05 g, reaction time: 30 min, temperature: 120 °C).

4 7 Fig. S7 ⸺ Infrared spectrum of ZMPA (30) catalyst: (1) fresh ZMPA (30); (2) used ZMPA (30) (five

times reused).

5

(2)

2

Fig. S1 ⸺ (a) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of Meso-ZrO2 and ZMPA samples. (1) Meso-ZrO2, (2) ZMPA (20), (3) ZMPA (25), (4) ZMPA (30), and, (5) ZMPA (35). (b) The pore size distribution of the samples of Meso-ZrO2 and ZMPA samples. (1) Meso-ZrO2, (2) ZMPA (20), (3) ZMPA (25), (4) ZMPA (30), and, (5) ZMPA (35).

Fig. S2 ⸺ Effect of MPA loading on the dehydration of fructose to HMF (reaction conditions: fructose: 0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, catalyst weight: 0.05 g, reaction time: 30 min, temperature: 120 °C).

(3)

Fig. S3 ⸺ Effect of reaction temperature on the dehydration of fructose to HMF over ZMPA (30) catalyst (reaction conditions: fructose: 0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, catalyst weight: 0.05 g, reaction time: 1 h).

Fig. S4 ⸺ Effect of reaction time on the dehydration of fructose over ZMPA (30) catalyst (reaction conditions: fructose:

0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, catalyst weight: 0.05 g, temperature: 120 °C).

(4)

4

Fig. S5 ⸺ Effect of catalyst weight on the dehydration of fructose to HMF over ZMPA (30) catalyst (reaction conditions:

fructose: 0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, reaction time: 30 min, temperature: 120 °C).

Fig. S6 ⸺ Reusability of ZMPA (30) catalyst for fructose dehydration (reaction conditions: fructose: 0.36 g, DMSO: 5 g, catalyst weight: 0.05 g, reaction time: 30 min, temperature: 120 °C).

(5)

Fig. S7 ⸺ Infrared spectrum of ZMPA (30) catalyst: (1) fresh ZMPA (30); (2) used ZMPA (30) (five times reused).