management of major plant diseases : stem rust and loose smut of

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Department of Botany Board of Studies

Ordinary Meeting Held on 12.5.2008

Max. Marks: 50

(Theory: 40 + Sessional: 10) B.Sc. (Hons.) IIIrd Year

COURSE V: BIOLOGY OF CRYPTOGAMS:

UNIT-I: Algae : Occurrence and distribution, thallus organization and evolutionary tendencies, ultrastructure of algal cell, criteria for classification and typical life histories of algae belonging to various classes.

Chlorophyceae- Chlamydomonas & Volvox Cyanophyceae- Nostoc

Xanthophyceae- Vaucheria Charophyceae- Chara

Rhodophyceae- Batrachospermurn Phaeophyceae- Ectocarpus

Role of algae in human welfare

UNIT-II: Fungi : Occurrence and distribution; ultrastructure of fungal cell; cell wall composition, modern concept in the classification of fungi (Vilgalys et a1.1993), nutrition, reproduction, types of fungal spores and mode of their liberation; role of fungi in human welfare.

UNIT-III: Fungal Plant Diseases: Symptoms and management of major plant diseases:

blast of rice; stem rust and loose smut of wheat, downy mildew and green, ear disease of bajra, white rust of crucifers, late blight of potato, wilt of pigeon pea, Tikka disease of groundnut, powdery mildews of cucurbits, red-rot of sugarcane.

UNIT-IV: Bryophytes: Comparative account of morphology, anatomy and reproduction in Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros, Funaria; Evolution of sporophyte and gametophyte;

classification; ecological aspects and economic importance.

UNIT-V: Pteridophytes: Primary vascular plants: classification, comparative account of morphology, anatomy and reproduction in Rhynia, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equisetum, Marsilea, Pteris; teleome theory, stelar evolution, heterospory and seed habit.

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B. Sc. IIIrd year

COURSE V: BIOLOGY OF CRYPTOGAMS

Unit-ΙΙ. Fungal plant diseases: Symptoms, causal organism and

management of major plant diseases : stem rust and loose smut of

wheat, white rust of crucifers, powdery mildew of cucurbits and red

rot of sugarcane.

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TEACHING PLAN

B.Sc. IIIrd Year COURSE-V

BIOLOGY OF CRYPTOGAMS

UNIT-II : Fungal Plant Diseases :

August & September,2014

Black/Stem Rust of Wheat: Distribution, Losses, Symptoms, Causal Organism, and recurrence of rust in India. Management of rust disease.

October & November,2014.

Loose Smut of Wheat: Distribution, Losses, Symptoms, Causal Organism.

Management of smut disease.

December,2014.

White Rust of crucifers :Distribution, Losses, Symptoms, Causal Organism.

Management of Rust disease.

January,2015.

Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits: Distribution,Losses, Symptoms, Causal Organism. Management of Powdery mildew disease.

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Februry,2015.

Red Rot of Sugarcane: Distribution, Losses, Symptoms, Causal Organism.

Management of Red Rot disease.

Suggested Books:

1. Plant Pathology 5^th Edition by Agrios George, N. (2006). Elsevier Academic Press, London, 922 pp.

2. Plant Diseases 6^th Edition by Singh, R.S., Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, Pvt. Ltd.,

3. Plant Pathology by Mehrotra, R.S., Aggarwal, A., Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.

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Department of Botany Board of Studies Ordinary Meeting Held on 12 05.2008 Max Marks. 50

(Theory:40+Sessional: 10) B.Sc. (Hons.) IIIrd Year

COURSE VII: MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY

Unit-I: (a) Discovery of microorganisms: Systematic position of micro-organisms in biological world as proposed by Whittaker. Characteristic features of fungi and bacteria. Classification of fungi (Alexopoulas and Mims) and bacteria (Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1974).

(b) Ultra-structure of Microorganisms: Prokaryotic micro-organisms, Bacteria and Blue green algae, fine structure of prokaryotic cell; Eukaryotic microorganisms; Diatoms virus- properties and classification, characteristic features of host virus interaction, bacteriophage T4, Tobacco mosaic virus, general account of viriods, mycoplasma and actinomycetes.

Unit-II: (a) Genetic recombination in prokaryotics: Conjugation, transformation and transduction.

Role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and carbon, biological N2

fixation.

(b) Industrial application of micro-organisms: Organic acids, alcohol, Preservation of foods, milk products, antibiotics and biopesticides.

Unit-III: (a) Methods in microbiology: Basic principles of microscopy, micrometry, staining (fungi and bacteria), sterilization methods in Plant Pathology, population estimations (Fungi and bacteria).

(b) General account of plant pathogens: Historical development in Plant Pathology, general account of diseases (Symptoms management) caused by plant pathogens e.g. Little Leaf of brinjal, tobacco mosaic virus, Citrus-Canker, Ear-cockle of wheat, Root-knot of okra, Early blight of potato, stem gall of coriander.

Unit-IV: Pathogen attack and defence mechanism: Physical and biochemical aspects. Plant disease epidemiology; Transmission and disease cycles, spread of plant pathogens and disease forecasting. Plant disease management: Chemical, biological, IPM system. Elementary idea of transgenics.

Unit-V: Genetics of resistance and susceptibility: Genes for virulence and avirulence, induced resistance (immunization). Elementary idea about the structure of nematode, importance of nematodes as agricultural pest. Symptoms caused by micro-organisms.

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B.Sc. IIIrd year

COURSE VΙΙ: MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT

PATHOLOGY

Unit-Ι(a) Discovery of microorganisms: Systematic position of microorganisms in biological world as proposed by Whittaker.

General characteristic features and classification of bacteria.

Classification of fungi (Alexopolous and Mims) and bacteria (Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1974).

Unit-ΙΙΙ(b) General account of plant pathogens: Historical development in plant pathology, general account of diseases (Symptoms and management) caused by plant pathogens e.g. ear- cockle of wheat, root-knot of okra, early blight of potato, stem gall of coriander.

Unit-ΙV Genetics of resistance and susceptibility: Genes for

virulence and avirulence, induced resistance (immunization). An

elementary idea about the structure of nematode, importance of

nematodes as agricultural pest. Symptoms caused by micro-

organisms.

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TEACHING PLAN

B.Sc. IIIrd Year COURSE-VII

MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY

Unit-I (a)

August,2014.

Systematic position of microorganisms in biological world by Robert H.

Whittaker (1969): Five kingdoms- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

Main groups of Microorganisms- Prions, Viroids, Viruses, Rickettsias, Mycoplasma, Bacteria, Cyanobacteria.

September,2014.

General characteristic Features of bacteria- Distribution, Size, Shape, Structure of Bacterial cell. Flagella- Structure of bacterial Flagellum, Different types of flagellation and Pili or Fimbriae.

Nutrition of Bacteria- Autotrophic Bacteria- Photosynthetic bacteria, Chemosynthetic bacteria. Heterotrophic bacteria- Parasitic Saprophytic, Symbiotic.

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October,2014.

Reproduction of bacteria: Asexual reproduction- Binary fission, Budding, Conidia, Cyst and Endospores. Classification of fungi as proposed by Alexopoulas and Mims (1979)-Division- Gymnomycota, Mastigomycota and Amastigomycota.

November,2014.

Classification of bacteria:The eighth edition of Bergrys manual of Determination Dacteriology (1974)- Kingdom: Prokaryotae- Division-1.

Cyanobacteria. 2. Bacteria.

Plant Diseases : Ear cookle of wheat- Distribution, Losses, Symptoms, Causal organism, Disease cycle and environmental relations and Management of disease.

December,2014.

Root-knot of okra- Distribution, Losses, Symptoms, Causal organism, Causal organism, Disease cycle and environmental relations and Management of disease.

Early blight of potato- Distribution, Losses, Symptoms, Causal organism, Causal organism, Disease cycle and environmental relations and Management of disease.

Stem gall of coriander- Distribution, Losses, Symptoms, Causal organism, Causal organism, Disease cycle and environmental relations and Management of disease.

January,2015.

Elementary idea about the structure of nematodes-Morphology of male and female nematodes. Digestive and reproductive system of nematodes.

Importance of nematodes as agricultural pests. Induced resistance (immunization)-Local and systemic acquired resistance, Plant defense activators. Genes for virulence and avirulence- Gene for gene concept.

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Februry,2015.

Symptoms caused by micro-organisms viz. fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses. General characteristic features of fungi :- Distribution,thallus, structure of cell and cell wall , nuclear status, nutrition, fungal flagella, Reproduction- asexual and sexual.

March, 2015.

Historical development in plant pathology: Discovery of the role of fungi, bacteria, viruses,phytoplasma,viroids and nematodes. Development of chemical and biological control. History of plant pathology in india. Discovery of microorganisms.

Suggested Books

1. Fundamentals of Microbiology 5^th Edition by Alcamo, I. Edward. Wesley Longman Inc.

2. Introductory Microbiology by Heritage, J., Evans, E.G.V. and Killington, R.A., Cambridge University Press.

3. Plant Pathology 2^nd Edition by Mehrota, R.S., Aggarwal Ashok. (2003) Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company, Ltd.

4. Plant Diseases 7^th Edition by Singh, R.S. (1998) Oxford & IBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd.

5. Plant Parasitic Nematodes by Zuckerman, B.M., Mai, W.F. and Rohde, R.A., Academic Press New York San Francisco London.

7. Textbook on Introductory Plant Nematology, R.K.Walia and H.K Bajaj, ICAR.

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Special Meeting Held on 20.10.2012

Max. Marks: 100

(Theory: 70 + Sessional: 30)

M.Sc. I^st year (I^stSemester)

Course III: Biology and Diversity of Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi & Nematodes

Unit I (a) Viruses: Classification of plant viruses, characteristics and ultrastructure of viruses; isolation, purification and characterization of viruses,

(b) Chemical nature, replication, transmission of viruses, economic importance, symptomatology of plant viruses.

Unit II (a) Phytoplasma: General characteristics and role in causing plant diseases.

(b) Archaebacteria and eubacteria: General account, ultrastructure, nutrition and reproduction, biology and economic importance, cyano bacteria-salient features and biological importance, plasmids and their characteristics.

Unit III (a) General characters of fungi: Structure of cell, unicellular and multicellular organization, cell wall composition, nutrition (saprobic biotrophic, symbiotic), reproduction (vegetative, asexual, sexual) General account of Mastigomycotina - Synchytrium, Zygomycotina - Pilobolus, Ascomycotina - Claviceps, Basidiomycotina-Puccinia, Deuteromycotina-Fusarium.

(b) Heterothallism, Heterokaryosis and para-sexuality; a concise account of fungi in industry, medicine and food; fungal diseases in plants and humans, mycorrhizae as biocontrol agents.

Unit IV General characters of plant parasitic nematodes: Distribution, morphology, life history, feeding habbit, symptoms of plant nematode infection, root-knoot disease of bringal, diagnostic features of Tylenchoidea, Heteroderoidea, Criconematoidea, Aphelenchoidea, Dorylaimoidea and Trichodoroidea.

LABORATORY: Exercises corresponding to the theory courses.

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M. Sc Ist Semester.

Course III: Biodiversity of Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi &

Nematodes

Unit III (a)General characters of fungi: Structure of cell, unicellular and multicellular organization, cell wall composition, nutrition (saprobic biotrophic, symbiotic), reproduction (vegetative, asexual, sexual) General account of Mastigomycotina -

Synchytrium, Zygomycotina - Pilobolus, Ascomycotina - Claviceps, Basidiomycotina- Puccinia, Deuteromycotina-Fusarium.

Unit IV. General characters of plant parasitic

nematodes: Distribution, morphology, life history,

feeding habbit, symptoms of plant nematode infection,

root-knoot disease of bringal, diagnostic features of

Tylenchoidea, Heteroderoidea, Criconematoidea,

Aphelenchoidea, Dorylaimoidea and Trichodoroidea.

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TEACHING PLAN

M.Sc Ist Semester COURSE- IIIrd

BIODIVERSITY OF VIRUSES, BACTERIA, FUNGI &

NEMATODES.

Unit-III (a) August,2014 :

General characters of fungi : Habitat, somatic phase, thallus : Organisation unicellular and multicellular, ,kinds of septa,septal pore.

Structure of fungal cell, cell wall composition. Fungal flagella-structure of flagellum, aggregation and modification of hyphae.

Nutrition in fungi- Nutritional requirements, modes of nutrition: saprotic, biotropic and symbiotic.

Reproduction in fungi- Asexual reproduction: Fragmentation, fission, budding, sclerotia, rhizomorph, Production of asexual spores-Planospores/aplanospores.

Asexual frutifications- Synnema, sporodochium, pycnidium, acervulus.

September,2014 :

Sexual reproduction of fungi- Plasmogamy : Plasmogametic copulation, gametangial copulation, gametangial contact, spermatisation, somatogamy, , karyogamy and meiosis, zygospores, ascocarp, basidocarp.

General account of mastigomycotina: Distinctive features, Synchytrium spp.

occurrence, thallus structure, symptoms. Life cycle: Asexual Phase- infection, prosorus stage, germination of prosorus, sporangia, resting sporangium, germination of resting sporangium, economic importance and taxonomic position.

Ascomycotina- Distinctive features, Pilobolus spp.Distribution, somatic phase, asexual reproduction- Honey dew/sphacelial stage, development of sclerotium, germination of sclerotium, Sexual reproduction- sex organs, development of

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ascocarp ( perithecium) and ascospores. Ecnomic importance and taxonomic position.

October, 2014 :

Basidiomycotina- Distinctive features Puccinia spp autoecious and heteroecious parasites, Life cycle- dikaryophase, haplophase, haustorial apparatus, reproduction- Stage 0 : Aecium, Stage I : Uredinium, Stage II : Telium, Stage IV : Basidiospores, Economic importance and taxonomic position.

Deuteromycotina- Distinctive features. Fusarium spp.- Distribution somatic phase, asexual reproduction-sporodochium : microconidia, macroconidia, chlamydospores, sclerotia. Economic importance and taxonomic position.

UNIT-IV

November,2014 :

General characteristic features of Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Distribution, BodyShape, Size and regions, BodyWall, Digestive and Reproductive System.

Feedinghabit- Ecto and endoparasites.

Symptoms of plant nematode infection : specific symptoms, above ground and underground symptoms

Root knot disease of Bringal : Distribution ,Losess ,Symptoms, Causal organisms, Disease cycle and Environmental relations, Management of the disease.

Diagnostic features of superfamily- Tylenchoidea and economically important nematode genera.

Diagnostic features of superfamily- Heteroderoidea and economically important nematode genera.

Diagnostic features of super family- Criconematoidea and economically important nematode genera.

Diagnostic features of superfamily- Aphelaimoidea and economically important nematode genera.

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Diagnostic features of superfamily- Dorylaimoidea and economically important nematode genera.

Diagnostic features of superfamily- Trichodoroidea and economically important nematode genera.

Suggested Books

1. Introduction to Fungi by John Webester., Cambridge university press (Canbridge) 1999.

2. Comparative morphology of Fungi by E.A. Gaumann & C.W.Dogle.

Biotech Books, Delhi-110035.

3. Introductory Mycology by Alexopoulas Constantine John, Mims, C.W.

and Blackwell, M. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

5. Plant Parasitic Nematodes of India by Gopal Swaroop and D.R.

Dasgupta, ICAR, New Delhi.

6. Textbook on Introductory Plant Nematology, R.K.Walia and H.K. Bajaj, ICAR.

7. Plant Nematology by Ravichandra, I.K. International Publishing House, New Delhi.

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Special Meeting Held on 20.10.2012

Max. Marks: 100

M.Sc. I^st year (I^st Semester).

Course IV: Biology and Diversity of Algae, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

Unit I Algae: Distribution, structure, classification and its basis (Grahm and Wilcox), reproduction and life cycles of Cyanobacteria, Glaucophyta, Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta, Haptophyta, Dinophyta, Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta.

Unit II Bryophyta: Distribution, structure, outline classification (Proskauer, 1957), reproduction and life history of Hepaticopsida (Marchantiales), Anthocerotopsida (Anthocerotales) and Bryopsida (Funariales), simple land plant nature.

Unit III Pteridophyta: Morphology, anatomy, classification (Smith, 1955), reproduction and life history of Psilophyta (Psilotales-Psilotum), Lycophyta (Selaginellales-Selaginella), Sphenophyta (Equisetales-Equisetum), Pteropsida (Osmundales-Osmunda, Marsileales-Marsilea), telomic theory, classification and evolution of steles, heterospory and origin of seed habit;

general account of fossil pteridophytes- Rhynia, Horneophyton and Asteroxylon.

Unit IV (a) Technological applications of algae: Algae as research tools, biomonitor, a gelling agents, antiviral and anticancerous compounds; algae in production of food additives and hydrocarbons and space research; human uses of sea weeds.

(b) Economic importance of bryophytes: Uses of peat, medicinal uses, source of food, soil conservation, bog succession and rock builders; ecological importance of bryophytes as air and water pollution, bioindicators.

(c) Economic importance of pteridophytes: Pteridophytes as food, fibre, handicraft & construction material, horticultural plants, weeds and biofertilizer.

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M.Sc Ist Semester.

Course IV: Biology and Diversity of Algae, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

Unit III . Pteridophyta: General account of fossil pteridophytes- Rhynia, Horneophyton and Asteroxylon.

Unit IV(c). Economic importance of pteridophytes:

Pteridophytes as food, fibre, handicraft & construction

material, horticultural plants, weeds and biofertilizer.

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TEACHING PLAN

M.Sc Ist Semester COURSE IV

BIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY OF ALGAE, BRYOPHYTES AND PTERIDOPHYTES

August, 2014.

Unit-III : General account of fossil pteridophytes – Rhynia (Family- Rhyniaceae) Occurance, Rhynia gwynne-vaughani : Habitat, habit, morphology of plant and sporangium. Anatomy of stem, rhizome and sporangium.

September, 2014.

Rhynia major : Habitat, habit, morphology of plant and sporangium.

Interrelationship between Rhynia gwynne-vaughania and Rhynia major.

Horneophyton (Hornea lignieri)- Family-Rhyniaceae : Occurance, habitat, morphology of plant, structure, sporangium and abnormal dichotomously branched sporangium. Anatomy of stem rhizome and sporangium.

October, 2014.

Asteroxylon mackiei (Family-Asteroxylaceae) : Habitat, morphology of plant, structure, sporangium, spore bearing members. Interrelationship between Asteroxylon with A.clberfeldeuse, other members of psilophytals and lycopodium.

November, 2014.

Unit-IV : Economic importance of pteridophytes as food and fibers. Economic importance of pteridophytes as handicrafts and construction material. Economic importance of pteridophytes as horticultural plants and weeds. Economic importance of pteridophytes as biofertilizers.

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Suggested Books :

4. An Introduction to Pteridophyta by Rashid, A., Vikas Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

5. Pteridophyta (Vascular Cryptogams) by Vashishta, P.C., S. Chand and Company Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

6. The Morphology of Pteridophytes by K.R. Sporne. Hutchinson & Co (Publishers) Ltd.

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Special Meeting held on 20.10.2012

Max. Marks: 50

M.Sc. II^nd Year (III^rd Semester) Course XV: Plant Resource Utilization

Unit I (a) Plant biodiversity - concept, status in India, utilization and concerns.

(b) World centres of primary diversity of domesticated plants - the Indo- Burmese centre, plant introductions, secondary centres.

Unit II (a) Origin, evolution, botany, cultivation and uses of (i) food (wheat, rice) forage (Sorghum) and fodder crop (berseem) and (ii)-fibre crop (cotton).

(b) Aesthetic plants.

Unit III (a) Vegetable oil yielding crops (mustard, groundnut) (b) Gums, dyes, resins

(c) Raw materials for paper-making.

Unit IV (a) Medicinal and aromatic plants – Opium, Withania, Strychnos and Mentha (b) Fire and timber wood species - general properties of wood and uses of

Acacia, Mangifera, Dalbergia, Tectona, Shorea, Pinus and Cedrus.

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M.Sc.IIIrd Semester.

Course XV: Plant Resource Utilization.

Unit-IV(a). Medicinal and aromatic plants –

Opium, Withania, Strychnos and Mentha.

(b).Fire and timber wood species - general properties of wood

and uses of

Acacia, Mangifera, Dalbergia, Tectona, Shorea, Pinus and Cedrus.

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TEACHING PLAN

M.Sc IIIrd Semester.

Course-XV : PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION

August,2014.

Unit-IV(a). Medicinal and aromatic plants : Papaver somniferum (Ophium poppy, white poppy)-Botanical description, distribution, cultivation, medicinally important chemicals, alkaloids. Drugs, medicinal value and uses.

Wathinia somnifera (Ashwagandha)-Botanical description, distribution, cultivation, medicinally important chemicals, alkaloids. Drugs, medicinal value and uses.

September,2014.

Strychnosnux-vomica (Nuxvomica, kuchla)- Botanical description, distribution, cultivation, medicinally important chemicals, alkaloids. Drugs, medicinal value and uses.

Mentha Spp. (Mints)-Mentha piperata (Pipermint), Mentha spicatica (Spearmint), Mentha citrate (Bergamot mint)-Botanical description, distribution, cultivation, essential oils, medicinal values and uses.

(b). Fire and Timber wood species-Acacia nilotica (Babul)- Distribution,Botanical description. General properties of wood: General features- colour, hardness, weight, odour, luster, texture, grain. Anatomical features-Porous and nonporous, Porous wood-pore size, pore number, pore arrangement (diffuse porous, semi ring porous), Tyloses, soft tissues – Delimiting growth rings, vasicuntric, Aliform, aliform confluent, Rays- Broad/fine, closely/widely spaced.

Dalbergia sisso (Sisso shisham)- Distribution,Botanical description. General properties of wood: General features- colour, hardness, weight, odour, luster, texture, grain. Anatomical features-Porous and nonporous, Porous wood-pore

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size, pore number, pore arrangement (diffuse porous, semi ring porous), Tyloses, soft tissues – Delimiting growth rings, vasicuntric, Aliform, aliform confluent, Rays- Broad/fine, closely/widely spaced.

Dalbergia latifilia (Rose wood)- Distribution,Botanical description. General properties of wood: General features- colour, hardness, weight, odour, luster, texture, grain. Anatomical features-Porous and nonporous, Porous wood-pore size, pore number, pore arrangement (diffuse porous, semi ring porous), Tyloses, soft tissues – Delimiting growth rings, vasicuntric, Aliform, aliform confluent, Rays- Broad/fine, closely/widely spaced.

October,2014.

Tectona grandis (Teak)- Distribution,Botanical description. General properties of wood: General features- colour, hardness, weight, odour, luster, texture, grain. Anatomical features-Porous and nonporous, Porous wood-pore size, pore number, pore arrangement (diffuse porous, semi ring porous), Tyloses, soft tissues – Delimiting growth rings, vasicentric, aliform, aliform confluent, Rays- Broad/fine, closely/widely spaced.

Shorea robusta (Sal)- Distribution,Botanical description. General properties of wood: General features- colour, hardness, weight, odour, luster, texture, grain.

Anatomical features-Porous and nonporous, Porous wood-pore size, pore number, pore arrangement (diffuse porous, semi ring porous), Tyloses, soft tissues – Delimiting growth rings, vasicentric, aliform, aliform confluent, Rays- Broad/fine, closely/widely spaced.

Cedrus deodara- Distribution,Botanical description. General properties of wood: General features- colour, hardness, weight, odour, luster, texture, grain.

Anatomical features-Porous and nonporous, Porous wood-pore size, pore number, pore arrangement (diffuse porous, semi ring porous), Tyloses, soft tissues – Delimiting growth rings, vasicentric, aliform, aliform confluent, Rays- Broad/fine, closely/widely spaced.

November,2014.

Pinus roxburgii (chir pine)- Distribution,Botanical description. General properties of wood: General features- colour, hardness, weight, odour, luster, texture, grain. Anatomical features-Porous and nonporous, Porous wood-pore size, pore number, pore arrangement (diffuse porous, semi ring porous),

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Tyloses, soft tissues – Delimiting growth rings, vasicentric, aliform, aliform confluent, Rays- Broad/fine, closely/widely spaced.

Pinus wallichiana (Blue pine,kail)- Distribution,Botanical description. General properties of wood: General features- colour, hardness, weight, odour, luster, texture, grain. Anatomical features-Porous and nonporous, Porous wood-pore size, pore number, pore arrangement (diffuse porous, semi ring porous), Tyloses, soft tissues – Delimiting growth rings, vasicentric, aliform, aliform confluent, Rays- Broad/fine, closely/widely spaced.

1. Ecology and Utilization of Plants by Sharma, P.D. (2006). Rastogi Publications, Shivaji Road, Meerut.

2. A hand book for field identification of fifty important timbers of India by Rao, K.R. and Juneja, K.B.S. (1971). FRI and Colleges, Dehradun.

3. Economic Botany in the tropics 2^nd Edition by Kochhar, S.L. Macmillan Publishers India Ltd.

4. Economic Botany by Pandey, S.N. and Chadha A. Vikas publishing House, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

5. Economic Botany by Hill Albert, F. and Sharma, O.P., Tata Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company, Ltd.

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Max. Marks: 50

M.Sc. II^ndYear (IV^thSemester) Course XIX: Elective Paper-I: Plant Pathology-I

Unit I General characteristics of plant viruses: Morphology, composition and structure of viral protein & nucleic acid. Transmission of plant viruses.

Symptoms caused by plant viruses. General characteristics and classification of plant pathogenic bacteria. Symptoms caused by bacteria.

Unit II (a) Roles of enzymes, growth regulators and toxins in pathogenesis.

(b) Effect of infection on physiology of plants (photosynthesis, translocation, respiration, membrane permeability, transcription and translation).

Unit III (a) Disease resistance mechanism in plants, preformed substances and structures, induced structures and biochemical defense.

(b) Genetics of pathogen and physiological specialization with special reference to Puccinia graminis tritici. Gene for gene concept, breeding for resistant varieties.

Unit IV (a) Morphology and anatomy of nematodes: Structural details of oesophagi, excretory, nervous and reproductive systems. Life history of root-knot nematode.

(b) Outline classification of plant parasitic nematodes. Identification of Anguina, Hoplolaimus, Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchulus, Meloidogyne, Heterodera and Xiphinema.

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Course XIX: Elective Paper-I: Plant Pathology-I

Unit-I. Transmission of plant viruses. Symptoms caused by plant viruses. Symptoms caused by bacteria.

Unit-IV(a). Morphology and anatomy of nematodes: Structural details of oesophagi, excretory, nervous and reproductive systems.

Life history of root-knot nematode.

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TEACHING PLAN

M.Sc. IV Semester Course –XIX

Elective Paper-1:Plant pathology.

January,2015.

Symptoms caused by plant parasitic bacteria : Blight, soft rot, leaf spot, tumurs and galls, cankers, scab, wilt, anthracnose, stunting and yellowing.

February,2015.

Life history of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infecting vegetables and pulse crops.

Morphology and anatomy of nematodes : General characteristic features of plant parasitic nematodes, body shape, body size, sexual dimorphism, body posture, segmentation, colouration, lip regions, tail.

Plan of organization of body : Body wall - cuticle, transverse and longitudinal striations and annulations, lateral field and lateral lines, Bursa, Epidermis, somatic musculature.

March,2015.

Digestive system : Stomodeum- stoma, oesophagus, oesophago-intestinal valve, mesentron, proctodeum, excreatory system, nervous system, amphids, phasmids, hemizonids.

Female reproductive system : Structure of female gonads, monodelphic, didelphic, amphidelphic, prodelphic, opisthodelphic.

Male reproductive system : Structure of male gonads, monorchic, diorchic, pro- monorchic, opistho-monorchic, amphi-diorchic, opistho-diorchic.

April,2015.

Symptoms caused by plant viruses : External symptoms-colour changes, changes in growth pattern, external necrosis, changes due to water deficiency.

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External symptoms-anatomical and histological changes, cytological and ultra structural changes, inclusion bodies.

8. Microbiology by Pelezar Michael, J., Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg Noel, R., Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company, Ltd.

9. Plant Pathology 2^nd Edition by Mehrota, R.S., Aggarwal Ashok. (2003) Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company, Ltd.

10. Plant Diseases 7^th Edition by Singh, R.S. (1998) Oxford & IBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd.

12. Plant Parasitic Nematodes of India by Gopal Swaroop and D.R.

Dasgupta, ICAR, New Delhi.

13. Textbook on Introductory Plant Nematology, R.K.Walia and H.K Bajaj, ICAR.

14. Plant Nematology by Ravichandra, I.K. International Publishing House, New Delhi.

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Max. Marks: 50

M.Sc. II^ndYear (IV^th Semester) Course XX: Elective Paper-II: Plant Pathology-II

Unit I (a) Concept of plant disease, Host parasites relationship in nematode infection.

Effect of abiotic factors in nematode multiplication.

(b) Interaction of Plant parasitic nematodes with fungi, bacteria and viruses.

Nematode-Nematode interactions.

Unit II Stem gall of coriander, powdery mildew of cucurbits, apple scab, ergot of rye, loose smut of wheat, brown rust of wheat, red-rot of sugarcane and Tikka disease of groundnut.

Unit III Bacterial blight of rice, potato scab, Citrus-canker, tundu disease of wheat, Brinjal mosaic, potato leaf roll, cauliflower mosaic, potato spindle tuber cviroid, diseases caused by Rotylenchulus on pulses, Meloidogyne on vegetables and Globodera on potato.

Unit IV (a) Broad principles of plant disease management: Disease forecasting, Integrated pest management (IPM), Regulatory and physical measures of disease management, Management of diseases by cultural practices, cropping sequences, organic amendments.

(b) Bio-control of fungal and nematode diseases. Chemical measures of diseases management, fungicides and nematicides.

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Course XX: Elective Paper-II: Plant Pathology-II

Unit-II. Stem gall of coriander, powdery mildew of cucurbits,

apple scab, ergot of rye, loose smut of wheat, brown rust of wheat,

red-rot of sugarcane and Tikka disease of groundnut.

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TEACHING PLAN

M.Sc. II Year (IV Semester)

Course XX: Elective Paper-II: Plant Pathology-II.

January, 2015.

Stem gall of coriander- Distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and environmental relations, Management of disease

February, 2015.

Brown rust of wheat- Distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and environmental relations, Management of disease.

Ergot of rye- Distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and environmental relations, Management of disease.

March, 2015.

Powdery mildew of cucurbits- Distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and environmental relations, Management of disease.

Loose smut of wheat- Distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism,

disease cycle and environmental relations, Management of disease.

Red-rot of sugarcane- Distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and environmental relations, Management of disease.

April, 2015:

Tikka disease of groundnut- Distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and environmental relations, Management of disease.

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Apple scab- Distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and environmental relations, Management of disease.

1 Plant Pathology 2^nd Edition by Mehrota, R.S., Aggarwal Ashok. (2003) Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company, Ltd.

2 Plant Diseases 7^th Edition by Singh, R.S. (1998) Oxford & IBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd.

3 Plant Pathology 5^th Edition by Agrios George, N. (2006). Elsevier Academic Press, London, 922 pp.