Control Unit − As the name suggests, this unit controls all the functions of the computer. Arithmetic Logic Unit - This is the brain of the computer where all arithmetic and logic operations are performed. Memory − All input data, instructions, and intermediate data for processes are stored in memory.
Reliability – Computers can perform the same type of work repeatedly without errors due to fatigue or boredom, which is very common in humans. Although first invented in 1947, transistors did not come into widespread use in computers until the late 1950s. A computer that performs calculations and logical operations on quantities represented as numbers, usually in the binary number system.
In the hierarchy that starts with a simple microprocessor (in watches, for example) at the bottom and moves to supercomputers at the top, mainframes are just below supercomputers. In the past decade, however, the distinction between large minicomputers and small mainframes has become blurred, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstations.
ANATOMY OF DIGITAL COMPUTER
ARCHITECTURE
FUNCTIONS
Arithmetic and Logic Unit: Arithmetic means process like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and all these operations are performed by Arithmetic Unit.
CPU LOGICAL FIGURE
It is also known as internal memory or main memory or primary memory or random access memory (RAM). Stores the final processing results before those results are released to the output device. This unit controls the operation of all parts of the computer, but does not perform the actual data processing operations.
It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions between other units of the computer. It retrieves instructions from memory, interprets them and directs the operation of the computer. The function of arithmetic is to perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
The function of logical section is to perform logical operations such as comparison, selection, matching and concatenation of data.
INPUT DEVICES
Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device that helps in entering data into the computer. The keyboard layout is similar to that of a traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys to perform additional functions. This is a very well-known pointer control device that has a small palm-sized box with a round ball at the bottom that detects the movement of the mouse and sends the appropriate signals to the CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed.
Joystick is also a pointing device used to move the cursor position on a display screen. It is used to select a displayed menu item or draw images on the display screen. It is used when some information is available on paper and it needs to be transferred to the computer's hard drive for further manipulation.
OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made with a pen or pencil. It is used when one of the few alternatives needs to be selected and highlighted.
OUTPUT DEVICES
MONITERS
The flat panel refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight and power requirements compared to the CRT. Current uses of flat panel displays include calculators, video games, monitors, laptop and graphics display. Non-emissive screens - Non-emissive screens use optical effects to convert sunlight or light from another source into graphic patterns.
Impact printers print characters by hitting them on a ribbon, which is then pressed onto the paper. These printers print an entire page at once, so they are also called page printers.
MEMORY
COMPUTER SOFTWARES
System software is a collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. These software products consist of programs written in low-level languages that interact with hardware at a very basic level. All software applications prepared in the computer lab can fall into the category of application software.
Application software can consist of a single program, such as Microsoft's Notepad for writing and editing a simple text. It can also consist of a collection of programs, often called a software package, that work together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet package.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
The high-level language is simple and easy to understand and is similar to the English language.
OPERATING SYSTEM
In addition, the operating system manages all the components and devices of the computer system, including modems, printers, plotters, etc. It is the most popular and simplest operating system; it can be used by anyone who can read and understand basic English, as it does not require any special skills. For this reason, DOS must be loaded into memory and then run a window.
INTRODUCTION TO DBMS
A database is a collection of related data and data is a collection of facts and figures that can be processed to produce information. A database management system stores data in such a way that it becomes easier to retrieve, manipulate and produce information. Multi-user and concurrent access - DBMS supports multi-user environment and allows them to access and manipulate data in parallel.
A user who is in the Sales department will have a different view of database than a person who works in the Production department. This feature enables the users to have a concentrated view of the database as per their requirements.
USERS
They are responsible for looking after its use and by whom it should be used. Administrators also take care of DBMS resources such as system license, required tools and other related software and hardware maintenance. Designers - Designers are the group of people who actually work on the design part of the database.
WORLD WIDE WEB
The Internet and the Internet are not the same: the Internet uses the Internet to transmit information. Web emerged as a proposal from him to allow researchers at CERN to collaborate effectively and efficiently. The user enters the URL (for example, http://www.tutorialspoint.com) of the web page into the address bar of the web browser.
Then the browser asks the Domain Name Server for the IP address corresponding to www.tutorialspoint.com. After receiving the IP address, the browser sends the request for a web page to the web server using the HTTP protocol that specifies the way the browser and the web server work. Then the web server receives a request via the HTTP protocol and checks the search for the requested web page.
FUNCTION
In addition to the great development in the WWW field, there are also some technical problems that the W3 Consortium has to deal with. The W3 Consortium is also looking forward to improving the web to fully meet the demands of global communities to include all regional languages and fonts.
ELECTRONIC MAILING
COMPONENTS FUNCTIONS
OPERATIONS
It is used when we do not want one or more recipients to know that someone else has been copied into the message.
WORKING OF EMAIL
INTERNET
Information on various topics such as technology, health and science, social studies, geographic information, information technology, products, etc. can be browsed using the search engine. There is always the possibility of losing personal information such as name, address, credit card number. There are many pornographic sites that allow your children to use the Internet, which indirectly affects the healthy mental life of children.
WEB DESIGNING
COMPTERS @
HOME,EDUCATION,HEALTH
EDUCATION
BUSINESS
HEALTH
ENTERTAINMENT
BANKING
INTERNET SECURITY
VIRUS
Computer worms are similar to viruses in that they replicate functional copies of themselves and can cause the same type of damage. Unlike viruses, which require the spread of an infected host file, worms are self-contained software and do not require a host program or human assistance. To spread, worms exploit a vulnerability on the target system or use some form of social engineering to trick users into executing it.
