U.O.No. 9193/2019/Admn Dated, Calicut University.P.O, 12.07.2019
Biju George K Assistant Registrar
Forwarded / By Order Section Officer File Ref.No.7220/GA - IV - B2/2012/CU
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT Abstract
General and Academic - Faculty of Language and Literature - Syllabus of MA Malayalam Language and Literature Programme for affiliated Colleges and SDE/ Private Registration under CBCSS PG Regulations 2019 with effect from 2019 Admission onwards - Implemented- Orders Issued.
G & A - IV - B
Read:-1 .U.O.No. 4487/2019/Admn Dated, 26.03.2019.
2..Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Malayalam PG 29/06/2019.
3. Remarks of the Dean,Faculty of Language and Literature dtd 10/07/2019.
ORDER
The Regulations for Choice Based Credit Semester System for Post Graduate Programmes of affiliated Colleges and SDE/ Private Registration (CBCSS PG Regulations 2019) w.e.f. 2019 admissions has been implemented vide paper read as first above.
The meeting of the Board of Studies in Malayalam PG held on 29/06/2019 has approved the Syllabus of MA Malayalam Language and Literature in tune with new CBCSS PG Regulation implemented with effect from 2019 Admission onwards, vide paper read second above.
The Dean,Faculty of Language and Literature has approved the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Malayalam PG held on 29/06/2019, vide paper read third above .
Under these circumstances, considering the urgency, tthe Vice Chancellor has accorded sanction to implement the Scheme and Syllabus of MA Malayalam Language and Literature programme for affiliated Colleges and SDE/ Private Registration in accordance with the new CBCSS PG Regulations 2019, in the University with effect from 2019 Admission onwards, subject to ratification by the Academic Council.
The Scheme and Syllabus of MA Malayalam Language and Literature Programme for affiliated Colleges and SDE/ Private Registration in accordance with CBCSS PG Regulations 2019, is therefore implemented in the University with effect from 2019 Admission onwards .
Orders are issued accordingly. (Syllabus appended)
To
1.The Principals of all Affiliated Colleges 2. Director, SDE
Copy to: PS to VC/PA to PVC/ PA to Registrar/PA to CE/JCE I/JCE V/JCE VIII/EX and EG Sections/GA I F/DoA/CHMK Library/Information Centres/SF/DF/FC
1
Imen-¡äv kÀÆ-I-em-ime
bqWn-th-gvknän Hm^v Imen-¡äv ]n.-H.
ae-¸pdw PnÃþ 673635
Fw.F aebmfw
`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw
tImf-Pv, hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Xew
]cn-jv¡-cn-¨-]m-Ty-]-²Xn
2019þ 2020 A²yb-\-hÀjw apXÂ
2
Imen-¡äv bqWn-thgvknän
Fw.-F. ae-bmfw þ `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw
ae-bmfw Fw.-F. `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw ]mTy-]-²Xn D¶-X-amb Dt±-iy-§-tfmSpw e£y-§-tfmSpw IqSn-bmWv kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv. ae-bmfw Fw.- F. Ignªv ]pd-
¯n-d-§p¶ hnZymÀ°n ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS Bcw-`w-Imew apXÂ Ct¶m-f-apÅ hnIm-k-]-cn- Wm-a-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-ambn Adn-b-Ww. ae-bm-f-¯nsâ X\-Xmb CuSp-sh-bv¸p-I-sf-
¡p-dn¨pw hniz-km-ln-Xy-¯nÂ\n¶v kzmwio-I-cn-s¨-Sp¯ kwkv¡m-c-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw hni-Z- ambpw Bg-¯nepw a\-Ên-em-¡-nbn-cn-¡-Ww.
hfsc Ipd-ª-ImewsIm−v ae-bm-f-`m-jbpw kmln-Xyhpw t\Snb hfÀ¨bpw hnIm- khpw {it²-b-am-Wv. Ihn-Xbv¡p ]pdta sNdp-I-Y, t\mhÂ, \mS-Iw, Xnc-¡-Y, \ncq-]-Ww, Bß-I-Y, Poh-N-cn-{Xw, bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw þ XpS-§nb kmlnXy{]Øm-\-§Ä ssIh-cn¨
t\«-§Ä, hniz-km-ln-Xy-¯nse anI¨ Nne `mjm-km-ln-Xy-§-fpsS \o−-Im-es¯ Ncn-{X-
¯n\p kam-\-am-bn-¯oÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.
_ncpZ-X-e-¯n hnZymÀ°n-IÄ BÀPns¨Sp¯, ae-bmf kmln-Xy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hyh-lm-c-tem-Is¯ hni-Z-ambpw hnti-j-ambpw _ncp-Zm-\-´cXe-¯n ]Tn-¸n-t¡--−Xp--
−v. IqSmsX ]T-\-t¯m-sSm¸w Kth-j-W-hn-i-I-e-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« A`n-cp-Nn-IÄ IqSn hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp¯v Úm\-\nÀan-Xn-IÄ¡mbn hnZymÀ°n-I-sf- {]m]vX-cm-¡pI F¶ e£yw IqSn Cu ]mTy-]-²-Xn-¡p−v-v.
`mjm-km-ln-Xy-I-em-hn-j-b-§-fn-epÅ ]T\w AXXv P\-X-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnImt\z- jWw IqSn-bm-Wv. AXn-\p-]m-I-¯n-epÅ A´Àssh-Úm-\n-I-amb ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bmWv C¶m-h-iyw. `mjm-im-kv{Xw, hymI-c-Ww, emh-Wy-im-kv{Xw F¶nh apJy-]-T-t\m-]m-[n-I-fm- bn-cnt¡¯s¶ kmaqlyimkv{Xw, \c-hw-i-im-kv{Xw, a\x-im-kv{Xw, \mtSmSn hnÚm-\o- bw, cmjv{S-ao-amwk XpS-§nb hnÚm-\-im-J-I-fnse Nn´-Ifpw hyh-lmc§-fp-ambn tNÀ¯p-sh¨v ]Tn-t¡−Xv Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm¯ Hcm-h-iy-am-Wv.
`mjm-km-ln-Xy-]-T\w Htc kabw tZio-bhpw kmÀÆ-tZ-io-b-hp-amb ho£-Wþ hnNm- c-§-fpsS t{ImUo-I-cWw IqSn-bm-Wv. AX-Xv `mj-bnepw kmln-Xy-¯n-ep-apÅ ]T-\m-t\z-j- W-§Ä¡v kam-´-c-ambn temIm-´-c-`m-j-I-fnepw kmln-Xy-¯n-epw kw`-hn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-
¡p¶ Úm\-§-fpsS hnkvXr-Xn-I-fn-te¡v hnZymÀ°n-Isf XXv]-c-cm-t¡--−Xp−v. hyXy- kvX-§-fmb sFÑn-I-hn-j-b-§Ä {]Zm\w sNbvXp-sIm−v k¦-ev]-\-]-c-ambn ]pXp-¡nb Hcp ]mTy-]-²-Xn-IqSnbmWnXv.
3
]mT-]p-kvX-I-§-fmbn Npcp¡w IrXn-IÄ am{Xta \nÀt±-in-¡p-hm³ km[n-¡p-I- bqÅq. Ahsb amXr-I-bm¡n Ah DÄs¸-Sp¶ {]Øm-\-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-s¯bpw IrXn-I- sfbpw Bg-¯n ]Tn-¡pI F¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡Ww e£yw. hmb\ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-§-fn am{X- ambn HXp-§n-t¸m-I-cp-Xv. B\p-Im-enI {]kn-²o-I-c-W-§-fp-ambpw ]pXnb ]pkvX-I-§-fp- ambpw \nc-´cw _Ô-s¸-«p-sIm-−n-cn-¡-Ww. hmbn-¡p-I, Nn´n-¡p-I, Fgp-¯p-io-en-¡p-I.
]mTy-{I-aw, ]mT-]p-kvX-Iw, ]co-£m-k-{¼-Zmbw
kÀÆ-I-em-im-em-a-e-bm-f-hn-`m-Kw, kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bpsS AwKo-Imcw t\Snb tImtf- Pp-IÄ, hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ym-k-hn-`mKw F¶n§s\ aq¶p [mc-I-fn-embn \S-¯p¶ ae-bmfw þ
`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw Fw.-F.bv¡v Htc ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-§-fp-amWv ]n´p- SÀ¶p t]m¶Xv. B k{¼-Zmbw Cu A[y-b-\-hÀjw apX amäp-¶p. kÀÆ-I-em-im-em-a-e- bm-f-hn-`m-Kw, Hcp [mcbpw kÀÆ-I-em-im-ebpsS A^n-en-tbäUv tImtf-Pp-IÄ, hnZq-c-hn-Zym-
`ym-k-hn-`mKw F¶n-h-bpsS ae-bmfw Fw. F. ¡v asämcp [mcbpw \nÀtZ-in-¡p-¶p. kÀÆ-I- em-im-em-Xe-¯n aq¶pw \mepw ska-Ì-dp-I-fn c−v sFÑnIw hoXw F¶ hyhØ sNbvXn-«p-−v.
{]th-i\am\-ZWvUw amÀ¡v kwhn-[m-\-¯nÂ:
_n F ae-bmfw emMvtKzPv B³Uv enä-td-¨À (sa-bn³) Un{Knþ ]mÀ«v aq¶n\v Ipd-ªXv 45% amÀ¡v.
AsÃ-¦nÂ
]mÀ«v II Bbn ae-bm-f-apÅ _nF/_n Fkv kn Un{Kn (BÄ«Àt\-äohv ]mtä¬ Hgn-sI) Imen-¡äv bqWn-th-gvkn-än-bp-tSXv AsÃ-¦n X¯p-ey-ambXv. ]mÀ«v c−n\v Ipd-ªXv 45%
amÀ¡v. H_nkn/HCkn hn`m-K-§Ä¡v 5% amÀ¡n-f-hv. Fkv kn/Fkv Sn hnZymÀYn-IÄ¡v ]mkv amÀ¡v aXn-bm-hpw.
t{KUv kwhn-[m-\-¯nÂ:
_n F ae-bmfw emMvtKzPv B³Uv enä-td-¨À (tImÀ) Un{Kn AsÃ-¦n ae-bmfw tIma¬
tImgvkv DÅ _nF/_n Fkv kn Un{Kn (BÄ«Àt\-äohv ]mtä¬ Hgn-sI) Imen-¡äv bqWn- th-gvkn-än-bp-tSXv AsÃ-¦n X¯p-ey-ambXv. BsI knPn-]nF Ipd-ªXv 50 iX-am-\-¯n\v Xpeyw.H_nkn/HCkn hn`m-K-§Ä¡v 5% Cf-hv. Fkv kn/Fkv Sn hnZymÀYn-IÄ¡v ]mkv t{KUv aXn-bm-hpw.
(Ref: 46065/DOA-ASST-5/2019/Admn (III)) dt 24-05-2019
4 ]mTy-]-²Xn/tImgvkp-IÄ
H¶v, c−v, ska-Ì-dn \mep tImgvkv hoXw. aq¶mw ska-Ì-dn A©v, \men aq¶p tImgvkpw UnkÀt«-j-\pw. H¶pw c−pw ska-Ìp-I-fn FÃmw \nÀ_-Ôn-X-tIm-gvkp- IÄ. aq¶mw ska-Ìn c−v \nÀ_-Ôn-X-tImgvkpw aq¶v sFÑnI-tIm-gvkp-Ifpw, \memw-sk- a-Ì-dn c−v \nÀ_-ÔnXtImgvkpw Hcp sFÑnItImgvkpw. BsI ska-ÌÀ 4. tImgvkv 16
H¶mw ska-Ì-dn F_n-enän F³lm³kvsaâv tImgvkmbn (AEC) _p¡v dnhyq D−m-bn-cn-¡pw. 4 s{IUn-äv. Cu hnj-b-¯nsâ aqey-\nÀWbw tImf-Pn-emWv \S-¡p-I.
tImgvkv ]mkm-bm aXn-bm-Ipw. BsI s{IUn-änepw t{KUn-§nepw CXv ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶- X-Ã.. c−mw ska-Ì-dn s{]m^-j-W tImw]n-ä³kn tImgvkmbn (PCC)hnhÀ¯-\-]-cn- io-e\w DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. 4 s{IUn-äv. Cu hnj-b-¯nsâ aqey-\nÀWbhpw tImfPn- emWv \S-¡p-I. ]co-£m-^ew \nÀ±n-jvS-Xn-b-Xn-¡Iw kÀh-I-em-im-ebv¡v kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.
tImgvkv ]mkm-bm aXn-bm-Ipw. BsI s{IUn-änepw t{KUn-§nepw CXv ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶- X-Ã.
Hmtcm ska-Ì-dnepw Ipd-ªXv 90 {]hr¯n Znhkw. Hmtcm Znh-khpw A©v aWn-
¡qÀ; BgvN-bn A©v Znhkw. \memw ska-Ì-dnsâ HSp-hn sUkÀt«-j\pw hmNm ]co-
£-bpw. sUkÀt«-j\pw hmNm-]-co-£bpw \nÀ_-Ô-am-Wv. ]co£ 6 amks¯ ska-ÌÀ Imew Ign-bpw-ap¼v \S-¯-Ww. ]co-£m-Imew ska-Ì-dp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯-cp-Xv.
H¶mw ska-ÌÀ
tImgvkv tImUv t]cv s{IUnäv
1 tImÀ MAL1 C01 {]mNo\þa[y-Im-eIhnX
(Ancient -Medieval Poetry)
5 2 tImÀ MAL1 C02 B[p-\n-I-I-hnX (Modern Poetry) 5 3 tImÀ MAL1 C03 tIc-f-w: tZihpw kw-kvImchpw
(Kerala:Region and Culture)
5
4 tImÀ MAL1C04 ae-bm-f-hym-I-cWw (Malayalam Grammar) 5 (AEC)
MAL1 A01 Audit Course I _p¡v dnhyq 4
5
c−mw ska-ÌÀ
5 tImÀ MAL2 C05 B[p-\nI ae-bm-f-KZyw
(Modern Malayalam Prose)
5 6 tImÀ MAL2 C06 `mjmNcn-{Xhpw Bkq-{X-Whpw
(History of Langauge and Planning)
5 7 tImÀ MAL2 C07 `mjm-imkv{Xw (Linguistics) 5 8 tImÀ MAL2C08 C¥y≥ kmln-Xy-kn-²m´w
(Literary Theories - Indian)
5
Audit Course II (PCC) MAL2 A02
hnh¿Ø\]cnioe\w
(Translation Practice) 4
aq¶mw ska-ÌÀ
9 tImÀ MAL3 C09 kwkvIrXw I (Sanskrit - I ) 5 10 tImÀ MAL3 C10 ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-hn-aÀi\w
(Malayalam Literary Criticism)
5 11 sFÑnIw MAL3E 01hnhÀ¯-\hpw Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xyhpw
(Translation and Comparative Literature) 02 BJym-\-imkv{Xw (Narratology)
03 IYm-km-lnXyw (Fiction)
04 ]cnØnXn -þkv{XoþZfnXv kmlnXyw (Eco -Feminist- Dalit Literature)
3
12 sFÑnIw MAL3E 05 C´y³ kmlnXyw(Indian Literature) 06 Xangv kmlnXyw (Tamil Literature) 07 Ne-¨n{X ]T\w (Film Studies) 08 am[y-a-]-T\w (Media Studies)
3
6
13 sFÑnIw MAL3E 09ae-bmf \mSIw(Malayalam Drama)
10 tIc-fob Iem-]-T\w (Study of Kerala Arts) 11 ka-Im-e- a-e-bmfIhnX
(Contemporary Malayalam Poetry)
12. ae-bm-f-c-N-\bpw Kth-j-W-co-Xn-im-kv{Xhpw (Malayalam Writing and Research Methodology)
3
(01apX 04 hsc-bpÅhbn \n∂pw, 05apX 08 hsc-bpÅhbn \n∂pw, 09apX 12 hsc-bpÅhbn \n∂pw Hsc®w hoXw)
\memw ska-ÌÀ
14 tImÀ MAL4 C14 kwkvIrXw II (Sanskrit II) 5 15 tImÀ MAL4 C15 kmln-Xy-kn-²m´w þ ]mÝmXyw
(Literary theories - Western)
5 16 sFÑnIw MAL4E 13. B[p-\nI hnaÀi-\-kn-²m-´-§Ä
(Modern Critical Theories) 14. tIc-f-¯nsâ _u²n-I-N-cn{Xw (Intellectual history of Kerala) 15. temIkm-lnXyw
(World Literature) 16. t^mIvtemÀ (Folklore)
3
13apX 16 hsc-bpÅhbn \n∂pw HscÆw hoXw
MAL4P01 sUkÀt«-j³ (Dissertation) 5
MAL4V01 hmNm-]-co£ (Viva-voce) 3
þþ-þ-þþ
BsI s{IUnäv 80
ska-ÌÀ ]co£
7 Hmtcm tImgvkn\pw ]co-£m-k-abw 3 aWn-¡qÀ
hÀjm-cw-`-¯n¯s¶ UnkÀt«-j-\pÅ hnjbw \evI-Ww.
A²ym-]-IÀ Kth-j-W-¨p-a-Xe hln-¡-Ww.
\memw ska-Ì-dnsâ HSp-hn UnkÀt«j\pw hmNm-]-co-£bpw. hIp-¸nse c−v A²ym-]-I- {]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw ]pd-ta-\n¶p hcp¶ c−v ]co-£-Icpw tNÀ¶v hmNm-]-co£ \S-¯-Ww.
B´-cn-I-aq-ey-\nÀ®-bw (Internal assessment) Hmtcm tImgvkn\pw \S-¯-Ww. {]tXyIw an\naw CÃ. hnP-bn-¡m-¯-hÀ¡v AtX ska-ÌÀ ]co£ Fgp-Xp¶ Pq\n-bÀ hnZymÀ°n- IÄs¡m¸w Hc-h-k-cw-IqSn \ÂtI-−-Xm-Wv.]co-£m-kw-hn-[m-\w, t{KUn-Mv, hnP-bn-¡m³ Bh-iy-amb amÀ¡v/t{KUv \nÝbn-¡Â, ASp¯ ska-Ì-dn-te-¡pÅ Ib-äw, ]cm-P-b-s¸«
hnZymÀ°n-¡pÅ k¹n-saâdn ]co£ þ XpS-§nb FÃm-¡m-cy-§Ä¡pw bqWn-thÀkn-än-
bpsS s]mXp-\nÀt±-i-§fpw \nb-a-§fpw _m[-I-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
tNmZycoXn (tIm-tf-Pv Xew)
tNmZy-t]-¸-dp-I-fpsS coXnbpw amÀ¡pw
1. tjmÀ«v B³kÀ hn`mKwþ 7 tNmZyw. 4 F®-¯n\v D¯-c-sa-gp-X-Ww. shbvtäPv 2
hoXw (2 x4 = 8)
2. \mep-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX D¯cw Fgp-tX− 7 tNmZyw. \mse-®-¯n\v D¯-c-sa-gp-
XWw. shbvtäPv 3 hoXw. (3x4 =12)
3. Bdp]pd-¯n Ihn-bmsX D¯-c-sa-gp-tX− 4 tNmZyw. cs−®¯n\v D¯-c-sa-gp- XWw. shbvtäPv 5 hoXw. (5x2=10)
Hmtcm ]co-£-bp-sSbpw D¯-c-¡-S-em-kp-IÄ aqey-\nÀWbw \S-¯p-¶-Xn\v Xmsg-¸-d- bp¶ t{KUv kvsIbn BWv D]-tbm-Kn-t¡-−Xv.
t{KUv t{KUv t]mbnâv
A+ 5
A 4
B 3
C 2
D 1
E 0
8
AIw ]co£ (Internal examination) þ amÀ¡v hn`-P\w(tImtfPv Xew) hkvXp-\n-jvT-tNm-Zy-§fpw hnh-c-Wm-ß-I-tNm-Zy-§fpw D−m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
(1) sSÌv t]¸À þ40% shbn-täPv 2 (2) skan-\mÀ þ20% shbn-täPv 1 (3) Assk³saâv þ20% shbn-täPv 1 (4) Aäâ³kv þ20% shbn-täPv 1 (]pdw]co-£bv¡v 80 % B´-cn-I-aq-ey-\nÀ®-b-¯n\v 20%.) UnkÀt«-j³
hnZymÀ°n-IÄ \memw ska-ÌÀ Ah-km\w Hcp t{]mPIvSv/UnkÀt«-j³ kaÀ¸n-¡- Ww. {][m\ ]mTy-hn-j-b-§-fnÂ\n¶v Hcp hnjbw sXc-sª-Sp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. Un¸mÀ«p- saânse Hc-²ym-]-Isâ taÂt\m-«-¯n Bbncn-¡Ww {]_Ôw X¿m-dm-t¡-−-Xv. CXv Kth-j-W-{]m-[m-\y-apÅ cN-\-bm-b-Xn-\m {]_-Ô-¯nsâ Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn,`mjm-ssi-en, coXn-imkv{XwF¶n-h-sb-¸än kam-\y-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Xmev]-cy-apÅ hnZymÀ°n- IÄ¡v Kth-j-W-¯n-te¡pXncn-bm-\pÅ {]mY-an-I-{]-hÀ¯-\-am-bn-«m-bn-cn-¡Ww CXns\
ImtW-−-Xv. H¶mw ska-Ì-dn¯s¶ t{]mP-IvSnsâ hnjbw \evtI-−-Xm-Wv. \memw ska-ÌÀ Ah-km\w ssKUnsâ k½-X-t¯msS UnkÀt«-j³ kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.
s{IUnäv
Hcp tImÀ tImgvkn\v \evIp¶ s{IUnäv 5 Hcp Ce-IvSohv tImgvkn\v \evIp¶ s{IUnäv 3
UnkÀt«-j\v \evIp¶ s{IUnäv 5
hmNm-]-co£bv¡v \evIp¶ s{IUnäv 3
12 tImÀ tImgvkp-IÄ¡pÅ BsI s{IUnäv 12 x 5 60 4 Ce-IvSo-hp-IÄ¡v BsI s{IUnäv 4 x 3 12 UnkÀt«-j\pw (5) sshhbpw (3) tNÀ¯v BsI s{IUnäv 8
BsI s{IUnäv 80
9 t{KUv
Range of Percentage Grade Range Merit Indicator
85.00-þ100.00 4.25˛ 5.00 O (outstanding)
75.00þ 84.99 3.75-þ4.24 A+ (Excellent)
65.00þ 74.99 3.25-þ3.74 A (Very Good)
55.00þ 64.99 2.75þ 3.24 B+ (Good)
50.00þ 54.99 2.50þ 2.74 B (Above average)
45.00þ 49.99 2.25þ 2.49 C (Average)
40.00þ 44.99 2.00þ 2.24 P (Pass)
Below 40 <2.00 F (Fail)
-0 --þ I (Incomplete)
0 þ Ab (Absent)
\ne-hmcw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯Â/ ho−pw ]co£ Fgp-XÂ
Fw.-F. ]mÊm-Im³ Hmtcm tImgvkn\pw Gähpw Ipd-ªXv 4 t]mbnâpÅ Pt{KUv Bh-iy-am-Wv. FÃm tImgvkp-Ifpw FgpXn ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡msX t]mIp-¶-hÀ¡v Fgp-Xnb tImgvkp-I-fpsS t]cv, t]mbnâv, t{KUv F¶nh tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯nb tImgvkv kÀ«n-^n-¡äv
\evIm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
tXmäp-t]mb tImgvkp-IÄ ho−pw FgpXm³ A\p-h-Zn-t¡-−-Xm-Wv. kne-_kv amdn- bm \ne-hn-epÅ ]pXnb kne-_-kn am{Xta ]co£ Fgp-Xm³ ]äq. kne-_kv amdp- t¼mÄ Cw{]q-hvsaân\v \ÂIp¶ c−v Ah-k-c-§Ä {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. apgp- h³ tImgvkp-Ifpw FgpXn \ne-hmcw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯Ww F¶p-Å-hÀ¡v ho−pw ]co£
Fgp-Xm³ Hc-h-kcw \evtI-−-Xm-Wv. AXn\p Ime-]-cn[n t\mt¡-−-Xn-Ã. ]t£, AXv
\ne-hn-epÅ kne-_kv {]Im-c-am-bn-cn-¡pw. Hä-sbmä tImgvkv Bbmepw H¶n-¨m-bmepw
\ne-hn-epÅ kne-_Êv A\p-k-cn¨p am{Xta ho−pw ]co£ Fgp-Xm³ A\p-h-Zn-t¡-−-Xp- Åq. t{KUv Ipd-ªp-t]m-b-Xp-sIm−v Hmtcm tImgvkv CS-bv¡nsS FgpXn \ne sa¨-s¸-Sp-
¯m³ A\p-h-Zn-t¡-−-Xn-Ã.
]T-\-bm{X
kmwkvIm-cn-I-{]m-[m-\y-apÅ Øe-§-fn-te-¡pÅ ]T-\-bm{X H¶mw ska-Ì-dn \S- t¯-−-Xm-Wv. Cu bm{X-sb kw_-Ôn¨v 15 t]Pn Ipd-bmsX X¿m-dm-¡p¶ hnh-cWw Un¸mÀ«vsaân kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. CXv, tIcfw: tZihpw kwkvIm-chpw F¶ tImgvknsâ Assk³saâmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
10
hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ymkw
hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n\v \nÀtZin¨ tImgvkp-I-fpsS DÅ-S¡hpw ]T-\-{I-ahpw tImfPv Xe-¯n\v DÅ-h-X-s¶-bm-bn-cn-¡pw. ]co-£m-co-Xn, t{KUnMv XpS-§n-bh tImfPv Xe-¯n-te-Xn\v Xpey-am-bm-bn-cn-¡pw. sUkÀt«-j³, hmNm-]-co£ F¶nh \nÀ_-Ô-am-Wv.
FÃmImcy-§-fnepw bqWn-thgvkn-än-bpsS s]mXp-\nÀt±-i-§fpw \nb-a-§fpw _m[-I-am-bn-cn-
¡pw.
UnkÀt«-j³/t{]mPIvSv hÀ¡v
hnZymÀ°n-IÄ c−mw hÀj-h-km\w Hcp UnkÀt«j³ kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. {][m-\-]m- Ty-hn-j-b-§-fnÂ\n¶v Hcp hnjbw sXc-sª-Sp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ym-k-h-Ip-¸v
\nÀtZ-in-¡p¶ A²ym]-Isâ taÂt\m-«-¯n Bbn-cn-¡Ww {]_Ôw X¿m-dm-t¡-−-Xv.
KthjW-{]m-[m-\y-ap-f-f-Xn-\m {]_-Ô-¯nsâ Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn-sb-¡p-dn¨pw `mjm-ssi-en- sb-¡p-dn¨pw coXn-im-kv{X-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw (methodology) kmam-\y-ambn a\Ên-em-¡-Ww.
Xmev]-cy-apÅ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v Kth-j-W-¯n-te¡pXncn-bm-\pÅ Hcp {]mY-anIKth-j-W- {]-hÀ¯-\-am-bn-«m-bn-cn¡Ww CXns\ ImtW-−-Xv. kaÀ¸n¨ UkÀt«-js\ kw_-Ôn¨
hmNm ]co-£bpw D−m-bn-cn-¡pw.
]mTy-{Iaw
H¶mw ska-ÌÀ
tImgvkv tImUv t]cv s{IUnäv
1 tImÀ MAL1 C01 {]mNo\þa[y-Im-eIhnX (Ancient -Medieval Poetry)
5 2 tImÀ MAL1 C02 B[p-\n-I-I-hnX (Modern Poetry) 5 3 tImÀ MAL1 C03 tIc-f-w: tZihpw kw-kvImchpw
(Kerala:Region and Culture)
5
4 tImÀ MAL1C04 ae-bm-f-hym-I-cWw (Malayalam Grammar) 5 Audit Course I
(AEC) MAL1 A01
_p¡v dnhyq
4
11
c−mw ska-ÌÀ
5 tImÀ MAL2 C05 B[p-\nI ae-bm-f-KZyw (Modern Malayalam Prose)
5 6 tImÀ MAL2 C06 `mjmNcn-{Xhpw Bkq-{X-Whpw
(History of Langauge and Planning)
5
7 tImÀ MAL2 C07 `mjm-imkv{Xw (Linguistics) 5
8 tImÀ MAL2C08 C¥y≥ kmln-Xy-kn-²m´w (Literary Theories - Indian)
5
Audit Course II (PCC) MAL2 A02
hnh¿Ø\]cnioe\w
(Translation Practice) 4
aq¶mw ska-ÌÀ
9 tImÀ MAL3 C09 kwkvIrXw I (Sanskrit - 1) 5 10 tImÀ MAL3 C10 ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-hn-aÀi\w
(Malayalam Literary Criticism)
5 11 sFÑnIw MAL3E 01hnhÀ¯-\hpw Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xyhpw
(Translation and Comparative Literature) 02 BJym-\-imkv{Xw (Narratology) 03 IYm-km-lnXyw (Fiction)
04 ]cnØnXn -þkv{XoþZfnXv kmlnXyw (Eco- Feminist - Dalit Literature)
3
12 sFÑnIw MAL3E 05 C´y³ kmlnXyw(Indian Literature) 06 Xangv kmlnXyw (Tamil Literature) 07 Ne-¨n{X ]T\w (Film Studies) 08 am[y-a-]-T\w (Media Studies)
3
13 sFÑnIw MAL3E 09 ae-bmf \mSIw (Malayalam Drama)
10 tIc-fob Iem-]-T\w (Study of Kerala Arts) 3
12
11 ka-Im-e-a-e-bmf IhnX
(Contemporary Malayalam Poetry)
12. ae-bm-f-c-N-\bpw Kth-j-W-co-Xn-im-kv{Xhpw (Malayalam Writing and Research Methodology)
(01apX 04 hsc-bpÅhbn \n∂pw, 05apX 08 hsc-bpÅhbn \n∂pw,09apX 12 hsc-bpÅhbn \n∂pw Hsc®w hoXw)
\memw ska-ÌÀ
14 tImÀ MAL4 C14 kwkvIrXw II (Sanskrit II) 5 15 tImÀ MAL4 C15 kmln-Xy-kn-²m´w þ ]mÝmXyw
(Literary theories - Western)
5 16 sFÑnIw MAL4E 13. B[p-\nI hnaÀi-\-kn-²m-´-§Ä
(Modern Critical Theories) 14. tIc-f-¯nsâ _u²n-I-N-cn{Xw (Intellectual history of Kerala) 15. temIkm-lnXyw (World Literature) 16. t^mIvtemÀ (Folklore)
3
13apX 16 hsc-bpÅhbn \n∂pw HscÆw hoXw
MAL4P01 sUkÀt«-j³ (Dissertation) 5
MAL4V01 hmNm-]-co£ (Viva-voce) 3
þþ-þ-þþ
BsI s{IUnäv 80
13 CODE: MAL1 C01
{]mNo\---þa[y-ImeIhnX (Ancient-Medieval Poetry)
{]mNo-\----þa[yImeae-bm-f-IhnX AXnsâ kmwkvIm-cn-I-]-Ým-¯-e-¯nepw sshhn[y-¯nepw hni-Zmwi-§-tfmsS ]Tn-¡pI F¶-XmWv Cu tImgvkn-eqsS e£y-am-¡p-
¶-Xv. hmsamgn, hc-samgn F¶n-§s\ c−p-[m-c-I-fmbn hfÀ¶p-h¶ ae-bm-f-IhnXbv¡v hc- samgnbn ]m«v, aWn-{]-hmfw F¶n-§-s\ -c-−p-im-J-IÄIqSn {]mNo-\-Im-ew-ap-X-ep-−v.
]nev¡me¯v ]m«n\pw aWn-{]hmf¯n\pw cq]-`m-h-t`-Z-§-tfmsS At\Iw imJ-I-fp-
−mIpIbpw ae-bm-f-I-hnX tIc-f-kw-kvIm-c-¯nsâ kq£va-km-¶n[yw Bhln¨p hf-cp- IbpwsNbvXp. ae-bm-f-¯n\v khn-ti-j-am-sbmcp kmln-Xy-kw-kvImcw cq]-s¸-Sp-¯m³ am{X-a-Ã, `mj-bp-sSbpw `mh-\-bp-sSbpw tIc-fo-b-Po-hn-X-¯n-sâbpw ]cn-Wm-a-§-fpsS {]Xn-
\n-[m-\-am-Im\pw {]mNo-\-þ-a[y-Im-e-I-hn-Xbv¡p Ign-ªn-«p-−v. Km\-Im-hyw, Infn-¸m«v, XpÅÂ, N¼p, ktµ-i-Im-hyw, eLp-Im-hyw, B«-¡Y F¶n-§s\ cq]-ssh-hn-[y-§-tfmsS hfÀ¶ ae-bm-f-I-hn-X, kmln-Xo-b-ambn am{X-aà ]Tn-¡-s¸-tS-−-Xv. `mjm-N-cn-{Xw, tZiNcn- {Xw, kmaq-ln-Im-hØ, A[n-Im-c-hyh-Ø, ImÀjnI-kw-kvIr-Xn, Iem-kw-kvIm-cw XpS-§nb
\nch[n LS-I-§-sf-¡qSn ASn-Øm-\-am-¡nbmte {]mNo-\-þ-a-[y-Im-e-I-hn-X-bpsS ]T\w ka{K-am-Iq. Xan-gv-þ-{Zm-hn-U-]mc¼cyw, Iogm-f-]m-c-¼-cyw, kwkvIr-X-]m-c-¼cyw F¶n-hbpw Cu L«-¯nse Ihn-X-bn DÄt¨À¶n-«p-−v. PmXn-hy-h-Ø, {Kma-kw-kvIm-cw, t£{X- kwkvImcw, {_mÒ-Wm-[n-\n-thiw F¶n-hbpw `mjm-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hpamb CS- Iecepw Cu L«-¯nse Ihn-X-bpsS A´À²m-c-bmbn \ne-sIm-Åp-¶p−v. C¯c-samcp hnim-e-]-Ým-¯-e-¯n-em-hWw {]mNo-\-þ-a[y-Im-e-I-hnX ]Tn-t¡-−-Xv. GXm−v Ggp-
\qäm−nsâ ZoÀL-Im-e-b-f-hn-\p-Ån-ep-−mb Ihn-X-bpsS sNdn-sbmcp `mKta hni-Z-]-T-\-
¯n-\mbn \nÀt±-in-¡m-\m-Iq. AXn-\m Hmtcm bqWn-än-sâbpw hnh-c-W-`m-Ks¯
ap³\nÀ¯nklm-b-I-{K-Ù-§-fpsS hmb-\-bn-eqsS hnImk-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä Ncn-{X-]c-ambn a\-Ên-em-t¡−-Xm-Wv.
bqWnäv 1
hmsam-gn-¡hnXm-]m-c-¼cywþhnhn-[-Xcw hmsam-gn-¡-hn-X-IÄ þ ImÀjn-I-hr-¯n-bpsS hyXy-kvX-k-µÀ`-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«-h (Rm-äp-]m-«v, tX¡p-]m-«v, sImbv¯p]m«v F¶n§s\) þ A\p-jvTm-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«h (tXm-äw-]m-«v, ]tS-\n-¸m-«v, {_mÒ-Wn-¸m«v F¶n-§-s\) þ hnt\m-Z-]-c-am-bh (Duªm¸m-«v, ssIsIm-«n-¡-fn-¸m«v -F-¶n-§-s\) þ
14
{]mtZ-in-I-kw-kvIm-c-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«h (h-S-¡³, sX¡³, CS-\m-S³ F¶n-§-s\) þ hoc- I-Ym-kw-_-Ô-am-bh (]p-¯q-cw-]m-«v, Xt¨mfn¸m-«v, Cc-hn-¡p-«n-¸n-Å-t¸mcv, sN§-¶q-cmXn F¶n-§s\) þ hyXy-kvX-P-\-hÀ¤kwkvIm-c-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«h (B-Zn-hm-kn-IÄ, {Kma-hm- kn-IÄ, htc-Wy-hn-`mKw F¶n-§-s\bp-Å-h-cp-tSXv) þ hmsam-gn-¡-hn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X- IÄ (Km\m-ß-I-X, Pohn-X-_-Ôw, sXmgnÂ_-Ôw, hnizm-k-]-c-X, BNm-c-_-²X, `mjm-]- c-amb ssPhn-I-X, {]mtZ-in-I-kz-`m-hw, ]cn-Wm-am-ß-I-kz-`m-hw, t_m[-\-kz-`m-hw, {]Xo-Im- ß-IX F¶n-§s\) þ hmsam-gn-¡-hn-X-I-fnse kmln-Xo-bX (]Z-tbm-P-\, Ae-¦m-c-I-ev]-\- IÄ, Xmfw, BJym-\-kz-`mhw F¶n-§-s\) þ hmsam-gn-¡-hn-X-I-fpsS kmaq-ln-I-þ-cm- jv{SobkµÀ`-§fpw hnh-£-Ifpw þ PmXn, A[n-Im-cw, BNm-cw, {]Ir-Xym-cm-[-\, aXm-ß- IX XpS-§n-b-h-bp-ambn hmsam-gn-¡-hn-X-I-fpsS _Ôw.
hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v
1. Ipd-¯n-t¯mäw (]pe-b-cpsS tXmäw-]m-«p-IÄ F¶ `mK-¯p-\n-¶vþ D¯-c-tI-c-f-¯nse tXmäw-]m-«p-IÄ, k¼m.-Fw.-hn.-hn-jvWp-\-¼q-Xn-cn)
2. Icn-bm-]-Wn-¡sâ Nnjy¯w (sN-§-¶q-cm-Xn-bnse BZy-J-WvUw) þ amWn-¡w-s]-®v, Bth-ZI adn-bm½ tPm¬
3. X¼p-cm\pw ]pe-bnbpw (t\cwt]mbà t\cwt]mb-Ã... þ Irjn-¸m«pIÄ F¶ `mK-¯p-
\n¶v) þ tIc-f-`m-jm-Km-\-§Ä hmeyw 2, k¼m. hn.-B-\-µ-¡p-«³\m-bÀ
4. Bäp-a-W-t½Â D®n-bmÀ¨ (AÃn-a-eÀ¡m-hn Iq¯p-Im-Wm³ t]mIp¶ IY...]p-¯q-cw- ]m-«nÂ\n¶v) þ hS-¡³]m-«p-IÄ, k¼m.-sI.-{io-Ip-amÀ
bqWnäv 2
hc-sam-gn-¡-hn-X-bpsS {]mcw`w þ ]m«p-{]-Øm\w þ ]m«n\v eoem-Xn-eIw \evIp¶
e£Ww þ ]m«p-`m-j-bpsS ]cn-Wm-ahpw en]n-Ncn{Xhpam-bpÅ _Ôhpw þ Xan-gv, kwkvIrX-`m-j-I-fpsS kzm[o\w þ ]m«p-{]Øm\¯nse kmwkvIm-cn-I-an-{iWw þ]m«p- {]Øm-\-¯n\v `mc-Xo-tb-Xn-lm-k-§-fp-am-bpÅ _Ôw þ {_mÒ-Wm-[n-\n-th-i-¯nsâ km¶n[yw ]m«p-{]-Øm-\-¯n þ {]mtZ-in-I-kw-kvImcw ]m«p-km-ln-Xy-¯n þ `àn- {]Øm\hpw ]m«p-km-ln-Xyhpw þ ]m«p-{]-Øm-\-¯nse {][m-\-Im-hy-§Ä (cm-a-N-cn-Xw, Xncp-\ngÂame, I®-È-cm-am-b-Ww, I®-È-`m-c-Xw, I®-È-`m-K-h-Xw, `mc-X-am-e, `mjm-`-K-h- ZvKoX, inh-cm-{Xn-amlm-ßyw, cma-I-Y-¸m-«v, alm-`m-c-Xw-]m-«v, IrjvW-KmY þ ]m«p-km-ln-Xy-
¯nsâ ]cn-Wmaw (CXn-hr-¯w, LS-\, kao-]-\w, `mj- XpS-§n-b-h-bnÂ) þ cma-I-Ym-Jym-\-
15
¯nsâ sshhn-[yhpw ]cn-Wm-ahpw (A-h-bpsS ]mT-_-lp-e-X, BJym-\-hy-Xy-kvX-X, ho£- W-hy-Xym-k-§Ä, hmsam-gncmam-b-W-§Ä, hb-\m-S³cm-am-bWw F¶n-§-s\).
hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v
1. cma-N-cnXw 106-þmw ]Sew þ Nocm-a³
2. I®-È-cm-am-bWw (kpµ-c-Im-WvUw þB-Zys¯ 25 ]m«v) þ \nc-W¯v cma³ 3. cma-I-Y-¸m«v (_me-Im-WvUw -þH-¶mw-hr-¯w) þ A¿n-¸nÅ Bim³
4. IrjvW-KmY (tla-´-hÀ®\w) þ sNdp-tÈcn bqWnäv 3
]m«p-{]-Øm\w A\-´-c-Zi þ ]m«p-`m-j-bn-ep-−mb ]cn-hÀ¯-\-§Ä þ kwkvIr-X-
¯nsâ {]m_eyw þ `ànbpw a[y-Im-e-tI-c-fo-b-k-aq-lhpw þ P·n-Xz-hy-h-Ø-bpsS {]Xn-
^e\w ]m«p-km-ln-Xy-¯n þ ]m«p-km-ln-Xy-¯nse hyXykvXim-J-IÄ (In-fn-¸m-«v, ]m\, A©-Sn-¸m-«v, XpŸm-«v, h©n-¸m-«v, hnev]m«v F¶n-§-s\) þ ]m«p-km-lnXy¯n\v CXn- lmk-]p-cm-W-I-Y-I-fn-eqsSbpÅ hf-À¨bpw ]SÀ¨bpw þ Fgp-¯-ѳ, ]q´m-\w, cma-]p-c-
¯p-hm-cyÀ, Ip©³\-¼ymÀ F¶n-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ, ]m«p-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ BJym-\-
¯nepw `mj-bn-ep-ap-−mb \ne-hm-c-s¸-SÂ, ae-bm-f-¯nsâbpw kwkvIr-X-¯n-sâbpw ka-c- k-s¸Sepw kwLÀj-§fpw ]m«p-km-ln-Xy-¯n þ ae-bm-fIhn-X-bn Xmfm-kv]-Z-hr-¯-§- fpsS hyh-Ø-s¸S þ X¯z-Nn´ Ihn-X-bn-te¡p hnI-kn-¡Â(Úm-\-¸m\) þ ]m«p-km- ln-Xy-s¯ kzm[o-\n-¨Xpw AXn {]Xn-^-en-¨-Xp-amb cmjv{So-b-þ-km-aq-ln-I-am\§Ä þ
`mjm-]chpw kao-]-\-]-chpamb kq£vam-[n-\n-th-i-§-tfmSpÅ s]mcp-¯-s¸-S ]m«p-km- ln-Xy-¯n þ XpÅ¡r-Xn-I-fnse kmaq-ln-I-hn-aÀi-\hpw {]Xn-tcm-[hpw þ `àn-, A[n- Im-c-hy-h-Ø-tbm-SpÅ B`n-ap-Jyw, A[n-Im-c-hn-aÀi\w F¶nh shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ kmaq-ln- I-amb kq£va-kw-LÀjw ]m«p-km-ln-Xy-¯nÂ.
hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v
1. alm-`m-c-Xw-In-fn-¸m«v hncm-S-]ÀÆw (35 apXÂ 192 hsc-bpÅ hcn-IÄ þIo-N-I-h-[w F¶
`mKw) þ Fgp-¯-ѳ
2. Úm\-¸m\ (bpKw -\m-enepw \Ãq Ien-bp-Kw... F¶Xpap-XÂ N¯p-t]m-Ip¶p ]mhw inh
inh... F¶Xphsc ) þ ]q´m\w
16
3. kXymkz-bw-hcw Hm«³Xp-Å (XpS-¡w-ap-X ...sImSp¡pw XmU-\-an§p aS¡w Xcn-¼p- anà F¶-Xp-h-sc) þ Ip©³\-¼ymÀ
4. IptN-e-hr-¯w-h-©n-¸m«v (]-«n-Wn-sIm-−p-sa-enª ]WvUn-X\p Ipi-Ø-eo-]-«-Ww...
F¶-Xp-ap-X an{XtImSn-{]-`-]q− ]p¯³]pcn ImWn¨p...-F-¶-Xp-h-sc) þ cma-]p-c-¯p-hm- cyÀ
bqWnäv 4
aWn-{]-hm-f-Im-hy-]m-c-¼cyw þ aWn-{]-hm-f-¯n\v eoem-Xn-eIw \evIp¶ \nÀÆ-N\w þ hnhn-[-Xcw aWn-{]-hmfw þ aWn-{]-hm-f-¯nse `mj-Ifpw Ah-bpsS tNcp-h-Ifpw þ {]mNo\þa[y-Im-e-a-Wn-{]-hm-fhpw ]nev¡m-e-]-cn-Wm-ahpw þ aWn-{]-hm-f-Im-hy-§-fnse hnj- b-kzo-I-c-Whpw tZi-N-cn-{Xhpw þ t£{X-kw-kvIm-chpw htc-Wy-Po-h-Xhpw aWn-{]-hm-f-
¯n þ a[y-Im-e-tI-c-f-hn-Úm-\-\nÀ½n-Xn-bn Ch-bv¡pÅ Øm\w þ aWn-{]-hm-f-s¯-¸- än-bpÅ hyXy-kvX-k-ao-]-\-§Ä þ aWn-{]-hm-f-¯nse hyXy-kvX-Im-hy-[m-c-IÄ (N-¼p, ktµ-i-Imhyw, eLp-Im-hyw, \K-c-hÀ®-\-§Ä F¶n-§s\) þ D®n-b-¨o-N-cn-Xw, D®n-¨n-cp- tX-ho-NcnXw, D®n-bm-So-N-cn-Xw, D®p-\o-en-k-tµ-iw, tImI-k-tµ-iw, Nt{µm-Õ-hw, A\-´- ]p-c-hÀ®\w XpS-§n-bh þ kmln-Xy-a-Wn-{]-hm-fhpw sshÚm-\n-I-a-Wn-{]-hm-fhpw (ck- {][m\amb-hbpw Be-¯qÀ aWn-{]-hm-fhpw) þ {]mNo\aWn-{]hmfImhy§fnse A§m-Sn- hÀ®\Ifpw tZi-hn-h-c-W-§fpw \evIp¶ Ncn-{X-hn-Úm\w þ a[y-Ime-a-Wn-{]-hm-f-¯nse hnj-b-hy-Xn-bm\w þ t£{X-I-e-I-fp-am-bpÅ _Ôw þ `mjm-cm-am-b-Ww-N-¼p, `mjm- ss\j[w-N¼p, sNmÃqÀ\m-tYm-Zbw, sXss¦-e-\m-tYm-Zbw F¶nh þ ]nev¡m-e¯v aWn- {]hm-f-¯n\v Iem-cq-]-§-fp-am-bp-−mb _Ôw þ B-«-¡YbpsS LS\ (tÇmIw, ]Zw, ZWvUIw F¶n-h) þ B«-¡Y-bpsS Ncn-{Xhpw cwK-I-em-_-Ôhpw þ tIm«-b-¯p-X-¼p-cm³, D®m-bn-hmcyÀ, Cc-bn-½³X¼n XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS cN-\-IÄ.
hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v
1. D®n-bm-So-N-cnXw (KZyw 18 apX 22 hscbpw ]Zyw 56 apX 61 hsc-bpapÅ `mKw) 2. D®p-\o-en-k-tµiw ]qÀÆ-`m-Kw (71 apX 92 hsc-bp-Å tÇmI§Ä)
3. `mjm-cm-am-b-Ww-N¼p DZym-\-{]-thiw (BZys¯ 20 tÇmI§fpw BZy-K-Zy-hpw-)
4.\f-N-cnXwB«-¡Y c−mw-Zn-hkw (BZys¯ A©pcwK-§Ä, \f-Z-a-b-´n-amsc ]pjvIc³ ]pd-¯m¡p¶Xmbn ]d-bp¶ ]Z-apÄs¸sS-bpÅ `mKw)
bqWnäv 5
ae-bm-f-Im-hy-N-cn-{X-¯nep−mb `mhp-I-Xz]c-amb amäw þ hyXy-kvX- Im-hy-k-{¼-Zm- b-§fpw `mjm-]-c-amb hnhn-[-P-\p-Êp-Ifpw (anj-\-dn-km-ln-Xyw, am-¸n-f-¸m«v, ]¨-a-e-bm-f-Im-
17
hy-§Ä F¶n-§-s\) þ {]ta-b-]chpw LS-\m-]c-hp-amb hnhn-[-Im-hy-co-Xn-IÄ (]-S-¸m-«v, I¸-¸m«v, ame-¸m-«v, I¯p-]m«v,bm{Xm-Im-hy-§Ä, ka-kym-]q-c-W-§Ä, apà-I-§Ä, Iq«p-I- hn-X-IÄ F¶n-§-s\) þ Imhy-temIt¯¡v ss{IkvX-h-þ-C-Ém-anIkwkvIm-c-§-fpsS {]thiw þ Imhy-a-WvU-e-¯nse kwkvIm-c-ssh-hn-[yhpw ka-\z-bhpw þ ]pXnb Bhn- jvImccoXn-IÄ Is−-¯m-\pÅ {iaw þ hc-sam-gn-¡-hn-X-bn _lp-IÀ¯r-Xz-¯nsâ ]co-
£Ww (Iq-«p-IhnXm-co-Xn) þ hyày-\p-`-h-§fpw km[m-c-W-kw-`-h-§fpw Imhy-hn- jbamI þ kaq-l-t¯m-sSm¸w Ihn-Xbpw B[p-\n-Io-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sm-\p-Å-{iaw þ {]_-e- km-ln-Xy-kw-kvIr-Xn-Isf hnhÀ¯-\-¯n-eqsS kzmwio-I-cn-¡Â þ \ntbm-¢m-ÊnIv {]h-W-X- IÄ þ {]mk-hmZw XpS-§nb hnhm-Z-§Ä þ `mjm-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ þ ]¨-a-e-bm-f-{]- Øm\w.
hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n\v
1. ]p¯³]m\ ]{´-−mw-]mZw (am-Xm-hnsâ hnem-]w) þ AÀt®mkv ]mXncn
2. _Z-dpÂap-\oÀ lpkv\pÂP-am (]q-a-I-fmsW lpkv\pÂP-amÂ...-F¶Xpap-X XncpapSn sh«n-In-S-´p-IÄ \uan-Sp-Imtam? F¶-Xp-hsc) þ tambn³Ip«n sshZyÀ
3. apà-I§Ä þ ]qt´m-«-¯p-\-¼q-Xn-cnþ1.]qsa-¯-tase-gp-t\-än-cp¶p Zbn-tX..., 2.-aq-Sn-Ãm- s¯mcp ap−p-sIm−p apSn-bpw-aq-So-«p..., 3.þtNe-¸-d-¼³ þ]mS¯n³Isc \osf \oe-\n-d-am- bv..., 4.hn.-kn.-_m-e-Ir-jvW-¸-Wn-¡À þaq¶m-W-t§bv¡p ]t− Zbn-X-IÄ...
4. tIma-¸³ (31 apX 66 hsc-bpÅ ]m«p-IÄ) þ Ip−qÀ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³
klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä
kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-epsS þ FUn. sI.-Fw.-tPmÀÖv kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-kw-{Klw þ ]n.-i-¦-c³\-¼ymÀ
kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw \qäm-−p-I-fn-epsS þ Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nÅ (F-kv.-]n.-kn.-F-kv. tIm«-bw) aWn-{]-hm-f-I-hnX þ tUm.-]n.-hn.-th-em-bp-[³]nÅ
Xp©³]T\-§Ä þ tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-¡m-Zan
-]-©m-\\sâ hnaÀi--{Xbw þ ]n,-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ
Fgp-¯Ñsâ Ie þ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW³
IY-Ifn þ Pn. IrjvW-]nÅ
A²ym-ß-cm-am-bWw Infn-¸m«v Hcp ]T\w þ sI.-F³.-F-gp-¯-ѳ
]q´m-\-kÀhkzw þ hn.-F-kv.-iÀ½
\mtSm-Sn-hn-Úm-\obw þ cmLh³ ]¿-\mSv
18
_meUvkv Hm^v t\mÀ¯p ae-_mÀ þ tNe-\m«vANyp-X-ta-t\m³ {InkvXym-\n-I-fpw ae-bmfkmln-XyhpwNÀ¨bpw
]qc-Whpw þ tUm. kvIdnb k¡-dnb
cma-N-cnXw Hcp hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-]-T\w þ ]n.-hn.IrjvW³\m-bÀ
IrjvW-Km-Ym-]-T-\-§Ä þ Sn. `mkvI-c³
Infn-¸m«v þ F³. apIp-µ³
aWn-{]-hm-f-Im-hy-am-enI þ FUn. A\nÂhÅ-t¯mÄ tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-{Xw, hmfyw 1,2,3 þ DÅqÀ ]c-ta-iz-c-¿À I®-È-·mcpwFgp-¯-¨\pw þ sI.C. \mcm-b-W-]nÅ tImI-k-tµiw (hym-Jym-\w) þ Nm¯-\m¯vANyq-X-\p-®n,
Fw.BÀ.cmL-h-hm-cn-bÀ
ssIc-fn-bpsS IY þ F³. IrjvW-]nÅ
hS-¡³]m-«p-I-fpsS ]Wn-bme þ Fw.-BÀ. cmL-h-hm-cn-bÀ
\nc-W-w]m-«p-IÄ þ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW³
ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xm-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ Fw. eoem-hXn Ip©³\-¼ymÀhm¡pwkaq-lhpw þ sI.-F³. KtWiv
]Zy-cXv\w þ Dt]m-ZvLmXw þ tUm. ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-]nÅ eoem-XneIw H¶mw-inev]w - hymJym.-iq-c-\m«p Ipª³]nÅ I®-È-cm-am-bWw bp²-ImÞw (D-t]m-ZvLm-Xw) þ ]pXp-tÈcncma-N-{µ³
`mjm-N-¼p-¡Ä þ DÅqÀFkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-¿À
IY-I-fn-hn-Úm-\-tImiw þ Abva\w IrjvW-ss¡-aÄ
B«-¡Ymkm-lnXyw þ Abva\w IrjvW-ss¡-aÄ
tIc-f-`m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä þ Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nÅ
a[y-Im-e-a-e-bmfw þ ]n.-hn. them-bp-[³]nÅ
ae-bm-f-`m-jm-]-cn-Wmawþkn²m-´-§fpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw
þ Xncp-\-ÃqÀ Icp-Wm-I-c³ cma-N-cn-Xhpw {]mNo-\-a-e-bm-fhpw þ F³.-BÀ. tKm]n-\m-Y]nÅ
\f-N-cn-X-k-tµiw þ Abva\w IrjvW-ss¡-aÄ
KmY þ F³.-ap-Ip-µ³
cma-N-cn-Xhpw {]mNo-\-`m-jm-hn-Nm-chpw þ \Sp-h«wtKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³ sX¡³]m-«p-IÄ Hcp ]T\w þ Pn.-{Xn-hn-{I-a³X¼n
hS-¡³]m-«p-IÄ - kam. sI.-{io-Ip-amÀ
XpÅÂkm-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ hn.-F-kv.-iÀ½
19
Ima-]qP þ sI.-Sn.-cm-a-hÀ½
Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ H.-A_p
sh×-Wn-{]-Øm\w þ AI-hqÀ \mcm-b-W³
sX¡³]m-«p-IÄ Nne ASn-Øm-\-Nn-´-IÄ þ Pn.-{Xnhn-{I-a³X¼n
\oe-I-WvT-I-hnbpw At±l-¯nsâ `mjm-N-¼p-
¡fpw
þ Sn.-Pn.-cm-a-N-{µ³]nÅ
ae-bm-f-k-tµ-i-Im-hy-§-Ä Hcp-]-T\w þ N¼-¡pfw A¸p-¡p-«³\m-bÀ Ip©³\-¼ymcpw At±-l-¯nsâ IrXn-Ifpw þ hn.-F-kv.-iÀ½
aWn-{]-hm-f-NÀ¨ þ Fw.-BÀ.-cm-L-h-hm-cyÀ, tIi-h³ sh-fp-
¯m«v
hS-¡³]m-«p-IÄ Hcp-]-T\w þ Fw.-hn.-hn-jvWp-\-¼q-Xncn k¼qÀ®-a-e-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ FUn.-]-·\ cma-N-{µ³\m-bÀ ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw sNdp-tÈ-cn-hsc þ ]n.-hn.-th-em-bp-[³]nÅ
am¸n-f-¸m«v hg-¡-§Ä þ _e-Ir-jvW³ hÅn-¡p¶v
ZfnXv `mj þ Ihn-bqÀap-cfn
aWn-{]-hmfw kn²m-´w -N-cn-{Xw -{]-tbmKw þ sI.-hn.-Zn-eo-]vIp-amÀ
Fgp-¯-Ñ\pw At±-l-¯n-sâ- Im-ehpw þ tNe-\m«v ANyp-X-ta-t\m³ hnh. Fw. eoem-hXn
]q´m\wþ `ànbpw X¯z-Nn-´bpw þ tUm.-]n.-Dj Fgp-¯-Ñsâ `ànbpw ZÀi-\hpw þ tUm.-]n.-Dj
hb-\m-S³cm-am-bWw þ Akokv Xcp-hW
D®p-\o-en-k-tµiw Ncn-{X-Zr-jvSn-bn-eqsS þ Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nÅ
aWn-{]-hm-f-e-Lp-I-m-hy-§Ä (B-ap-Jw) þ Nm¯-\m¯vANyp-X-\p-®n, Fw.-BÀ.
cmLh-hm-cn-bÀ
cma-N-cn-Xhpw ]m«p-am-Xr-I-Ifpw - tUm. Fw. Fw.]pcp-tjm-¯-a³\m-bÀ
`àn-{]-Øm\w ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-I-fn-eqsS - sImfmSntKmhn-µ³Ip«n Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-]-T-\-§Ä - FUn. Sn. a³kq-den
(eoUv _pIvkv, tImgn-t¡m-Sv) a²y-Im-e-a-e-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnse \mb-I-k-¦ev]w - sI..hn.Zneo-]vIp-amÀ
Fgp¯Ñ³ ]T-\-§Ä - k¼m:]n.-sI.]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀkvamcI- {SÌv
Early Manipravalam – A study - K. Ramachandran Nair Language of Middle Malayalam - Puthussery Ramachandran
20 CODE: MAL1 C02
B[p-\n-I-I-hnX (Modern Poetry)
]mÝm-Xy-I-hn-X-bp-am-bpÅ KmV-k-¼À¡w hgnbmbpw tZio-b-{]-Øm-\-¯nsâ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n DWÀ¶p-h¶ Bß-t_m-[-¯nsâ ^e-ambpw Imev]-\n-I-`m-hp-IXzw ae- bm-f-¯n {]_-e-am-Ip-¶Xv B[p-\n-I-I-hn-{X-b-¯nsâ cwK-{]-th-i-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv. ae-bm-f- I-hn-Xbv¡v A`n-Im-ay-amb Znim-hy-Xn-bm\w \nÀt±-in¨v Imev]-\nI IhnX Ime-{I-taW Imev]-\n-I-hn-cp-²-X-bn-te¡pw B[p-\n-I-Xm-hm-Z-¯n-te¡pw D¯cm[p\nI kwkvImc¯nte¡pw ]cn-W-an-¡p-¶-Xnsâ Ihn-Xm-h-gn-I-fmWv Cu tImgvkn hnZymÀ°n- IÄ ]Tn-t¡−--Xv. C¡m-e-b-f-hn At\Iw {]Øm-\-§fpw {]h-W-X-Ifpw Imhy-cq-]-
§fpw {]Xy-£-s¸-«n-«p−-v. Ch kq£va-ambn hne-bn-cp¯p-hm\pw klr-Zb-Xz-s¯bpw aqey-\nÀW-b-kw-kvIm-c-s¯bpw hnI-kz-c-am-¡p-hm-\p-amWv Cu tImgvkn-eqsS e£y-an-Sp-¶- Xv. ]Tn-¡p-hm³ \nÀt±-in¨ Ihn-X-I-fn HXp-§n-\n-ev¡msX B[p-\n-I-a-e-bm-f-I-hn- Xsbbpw D¯cm[p\nI IhnXsbbpw ASp-¯-dn-bp-hm³ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ X¿m-dm-tI−--Xm- Wv.
bqWnäv 1
kmln-Xy-¯nse {]Øm-\-§Äþ¢mkn-Ên-kw, sdmamân-kn-kw, dnb-en-kw, FIvkv-{]- j-Wn-kw, Cw{]-j-Wn-kw, tamtU-Wnkw þ ]mÝm-Xy-I-hn-X-bnse Imev]-\n-I-bpKw þ thUvkvhÀ¯v þ sjÃn XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS CS-s]-S-ep-IÄþ ]mÝm-Xy-I-hn-X-bnse B[p-\n-I- Xm-[mc þ Sn.-F-kv. Fen-b-än-sâbpw aäpw kw`mh-\-IÄ. aebmfImev]\nI-X-bp-sS Bcw-
`hpw hnIm-kN-cn-{Xhpw þ JÞ-Imhyw þ `mh-KoXw XpS-§nb kmln-Xy-cq-]-§-fpsS IS-¶p- h-c-hv.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. ae-b-hn-emkw þ G.-BÀ.-cm-P-cm-P-hÀa
2. ssZhZiIw þ {io\mcmbWKpcp
3. AÑ\pw aIfpw þ hÅt¯mÄ
4. \fn\n (33þ51 hscbpÅ tÇmI§Ä) þ Ipamc\mim³
5. t{]a-kw-KoXw þ DÅqÀ
21 bqWnäv 2
Imev]-\n-IXm-{]-Øm-\-¯nsâ ]nev¡m-e-hn-Imkw þ hnem-]-Im-hy-{]-Øm-\-¯nsâ hfÀ¨þ `mh-Ko-X-{]-Øm\w þ \thm-°m-\-t¯m-SpÅ \ne-]mSv þ Bß-\n-jvTX þ {]Wbw þ arXy-pt_m[w, ]m]-t_m[w þ ]mc-¼cy ]mc-¼-tcy-Xc LS-I-§-fpsS kzm[o-\X þ _nw_m- ß-I-amb Imhy-`m-jbpw ssieo-t`-Z-§-fpw. bYm-X-Yy-X-tbmSv kao-]-Ø-am-hp¶ Imev]-\n- IX þ ip² Imev]-\n-I-Xtbm-SpÅ hntbm-Pn¸v þ IhnX Pohn-X-hn-aÀi-\-sa¶ \ne-bnÂþ B[p-\nI-Xm-t_m-[-¯nsâ kv]jvS-kzm-[o-\X þ Imhy-`m-jm-kzo-I-c-W-¯nepw {]ta-b-kzo- I-c-W-¯nepw h¶ ]cn-hÀ¯-\-§Äþ hyXy-kvX-]-co-£-W-§Äþ IhnX kwkvIm-c-hn-aÀi-
\-sa¶ \ne-bnÂþ Bt£-]-lm-ky-¯n-sâbpw Zpc-´-t_m-[-¯n-sâbpw km¶n-[yw.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. inh-Xm-Þhw þ Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v
2. a\-kzn\n þ N§-¼p-g- Ir-jvW-]nÅ 3. Bkmw]Wn¡mÀ þ sshtem¸nÅn
4. Ifn-b-ѳ þ ]n.-Ip-ªn-cm-a³\m-bÀ 5. agphnsâ IY þ _memaWnb½
6. s\Ãp-Ip-¯p-Imcn ]mdp-hnsâ IY þ CS-tÈcn tKmhn-µ³\m-bÀ 7. sIm¨psXm½³ þ F³.hn.IrjvWhmcyÀ
8. Ccp-]Xmw\qäm−nsâ CXn-lmkwþ A¡n¯w ("kzÀKw' F¶ JÞw am{Xw) bqWnäv 3
Imev]-\nIXbpsS XpSÀN-e-\-§Äþ Acp-W-Z-i-I-¯nsâ kzm[o-\X þ kwKo-X-
¯n\pw teme-`m-h-§Ä¡pw h¶ taÂss¡þ BkvXn-Iyhm-Z-ZÀi-\-¯nsâ kzm[o-\X þ{]IrXn Nn{Xo-I-cWw þ ]p\-cm-Jym-\-¯nsâ km[y-X-IÄþ ]mc-¼-cy-I-hn-X-bpsS B[p-\n- I-`mhw þ hyàn-]-c-X-bpsS km¶n-[yw.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. cmhW]p{Xn þ hbemÀ
2. \nemhnsâ KoXw þ H.F³.hn
3. KtP{µtam£w þ kpKXIpamcn
4. Xcnip\ne§fnte¡v þ Xncp\ÃqÀ IcpWmIc³ 5. bpKf{]kmZ³ þ hnjvWp\mcmbW³ \¼qXncn 6. t_m[mán þ bqk-^en -tI-t¨cn
22 bqWnäv 4
sshNn{Xyw \ndª {]ta-b-§Äþ hn`n-¶-amb Imhy-`mj þ Xo{h-C-S-Xp-]-£-cm-jv{So- b-¯nsâ kzm[o-\X þ apà--O-µÊv þ]cn-ØnXn þ \mK-cn-IX þ {]Wbw þ ]mc-¼cyw F¶o LS-I-§-fpsS hnNn-{X-hn-\y-k\w þ ]pXnb ]co-£-W-§Äþ B[p-\n-I-Po-hn- Xt¯mSpÅ kwhmZw þ ]pXnb temI-¯nsâ BIp-e-X-IÄþ Bt£-]-lm-ky-¯nsâ hnNn- {X-amb Ah-X-c-Ww.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. ]mÀ¡n þ F³.-F³. I¡mSv
2. IpXn-c-s¡m¼v þ A¿-¸-¸-Wn-¡À 3. ZnhyZpxJ¯nsâ \ngen þ BÀ. cmaN{µ³
4. kXyhmMvaqew þ k¨nZm\µ³
6. _wKmÄ þ sI.Pn. i¦-c-]nÅ
7. taL-cq-]³ þ BäqÀ chn-hÀ½
8. ImSv þ Un. hn\bN{µ³
9. _p²\pw B«n³Ip«nbpw þ F.A¿¸³
10. FhnsS tPm¬ þ _me-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡mSv
11. X¨sâ aIÄ þ hnPbe£van
bqWnäv 5
D¯cm[p\nIIhnXbpsS IS¶phchv þ BtKmfoIcWhpw DZmcoIcWhpw krjvSn¨ ]pXnb kmlNcyw þ D¯cm[p\nIXbpsS kmwkvImcnIcmjv{Sobw þ _lpkzcX þ sNdpXpIfpsS {]Xntcm[w þ ZfnXv, kv{Xo, ]cnØnXn Nn´IfpsS
kzm[o\X þ kzXzt_m[w þ BJym\Xe¯nepw `mjmXe¯nepw h¶ ]cnhÀ¯\§fpw ]co£W§fpw þ \hkmt¦XnIhnZybpsS {]`mhw (IhnX DÄs¸Sp¶ kamlmc¯nsâ t]cv {_m¡än sImSp¯n«p−v.)
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. D¯cImew þ ]n.]n. cmaN{µ³ (ImsW¡msW)
2. en]nIÄ þ d^oJv Al½Zv (d^oJv Al½Znsâ IhnXIÄ) 3. I¯n þ cmLh³ At¯mfn (I¯n)
4. ssZh¸mXn þ sI.BÀ. tSmWn (ssZh¸mXn)
5. IpS¸\ þ Fkv.tPmk^v (ao³¡mc³)
6. Be¸pg shÅw þ A\nX X¼n (Be¸pg shÅw)
7. am{SntamWnb þ _nµp IrjvW³ (ssZh¯nsâ kz´w)
23 klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä
1. ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xm-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ Fw. eoem-hXn
2. k¼qÀW-a-e-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ ]·\ cma-N-{µ³\mbÀ (F-Un-äÀ) 3. ae-bm-f-km-lnXyw Ime-L-«-§-fn-eqsS þ Fcp-taen ]c-ta-iz-c³ ]nÅ
4. ssIc-fn-bpsS IY þ F³.-Ir-jvW-]nÅ
5. Ihn-Xm-]-T-\-§Ä þ ]·\ cma-N-{µ³\m-bÀ (F-Un-äÀ) 6. CS-tÈ-cn-bpsS Imhy-temIw þ sI.-]n. ic-¨-{µ³
7. A¡n-¯-¯nsâ temIw þ ]n.-Fw. \mcm-b-W³ (F-Un-äÀ) 8. Ihn-Xbpw ]mc-¼-cyhpw þ F³.-F³. I¡mSv
9. ae-bm-f-J-Þ-Im-hy-§Ä Hcp ]T\w þ s{]m^. Fw.-]n. ]Wn-¡À 10. BZn-{]-cq-]-§Ä kmln-Xy-¯n þ Fw. eoem-hXn
11. hÀW-cmPn þ Fw. eoem-hXn
12. B[p-\n-IX ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn þ F³ AP-b-Ip-amÀ 13. ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xm-]-T-\-§Ä þ sI. k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ 14. Ihn-X-bpsS PmXIw þ Fkv. cmP-ti-J-c³ 15. tIc-f-I-hn-X-bnse Ienbpw Nncnbpw þ {]k-¶-cm-P³
16. A\zbw þ BÀ.-hn-iz-\m-Y³
17. A\-\zbw þ BÀ.-hn-iz-\m-Y³
18. ae-bm-fn-bpsS cm{Xn-IÄ þ sI.-kn. \mcm-b-W³ 19. DWÀÆnsâ el-cn-bn-te¡v þ Fw. KwKm-[-c³ 20. Bim³ IhnX Hcp ]T\w þ tPmk^v ap-tÈcn
21. hÅ-t¯mÄ IhnX þ sN¼qcvkpIp-am-c³\m-bÀ (F-Un-äÀ)
22. hÅ-t¯mÄ \h-bp-K-¯nsâ Ihn þ Xmbm«v i¦-c³ 23. hnem-]-Im-hy-{]-Øm\w þ Fgp-a-äqÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ 24. CS¸-ffn IhnX þ sI.-F. Akokv (F-Un-äÀ)
25. AØn-bpsS ]q¡Ä þ Fkv. Kp]vX³\m-bÀ
26. N§-¼pg IrjvW-]nÅ \£-{X-§-fpsS
kvt\l-`m-P\w þ Fw.-sI.-km\p
27. N§-¼p-g-I-hn-X-bnse Imev]-\n-IX þ C.-sI. ]pcp-tjm-¯-a³
28. kqcy-Im´n þ ]n.-hn. them-bp-[³]nÅ
29. ho−p-hn-Nmcw þ ]n.-hn. them-bq-[³]nÅ
24
30. arXyp-RvPbw Imhy-Po-hnXw þ Fw.-sI. km\p 31. Bim³I-hnX B[p-\n-Im-\-´-c-]-T-\-§Äþ ]n.-]-hn-{X³
32. Imhy-Ie Ipam-c-\m-im-\n-eqsS þ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW³ 33. F³.-Ir-jvW-]n-Å-bpsS {]_-Ô-§Ä þ F³.-Ir-jvW-]nÅ 34. PnbpsS Imhy-Po-hnXw þ Fw.-eo-em-hXn
35. i¦-c-¡p-dp¸v hnaÀin-¡-s¸-Sp¶p þ kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv
36. Imhy-hyq-Xv]¯n þ Fw.-]n. i¦p-®n-\m-bÀ
37. ioÀjm-k\w þ Fw.F³. hnP-b³
38. A¿-¸-¸Wn-¡-cpsS teJ-\-§Ä (3 `mK-§Ä)þ sI.-A-¿-¸-¸-Wn-¡À 39. D¯-cm-[p-\nI NÀ¨-IÄ þ {]k-¶-cm-P³
40. hm¡nse kaqlw þ C.-hn. cma-Ir-jvW³
41. A£-chpw B[p-\n-I-Xbpw þ C.-hn.-cm-a-Ir-jvW³ 42. Fsâ kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]-W-§Ä þ BÀ. \tc-{µ-{]-kmZv 43. D®n-t]m-hp¶p þ BÀ. \tc-{µ-{]-kmZv
44. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS a[ymÓw þ BÀ. \tc-{µ-{]-kmZv 45. hos−-Sp-¸p-IÄ þ ]n.-]n.-c-ho-{µ³
46. CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ þ ]n.-]n.-c-ho-{µ³
47. FXn-sc-gp-¯p-IÄ þ ]n.-]n.-c-ho-{µ³ 48. hm¡p-Ifpw hkvXp-¡fpw þ _n. cmPo-h³
49. Bsfm-gnª Ac§v þ hn. cmP-Ir-jvW³
50. tcmK-¯nsâ ]q¡Ä þ hn. cmP-Ir-jvW³
51. IhnXbnse Imehpw Im¸mSpIfpw þ C.Fw.kpcP
52. kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS hos−-Sp-¸p-IÄ þ F.-Fw. D®n-¡r-jvW³
53. \½psS kmlnXyw \½psS kaqlw (2`m-Kw)þFw.-F³.-hn-P-b³(P-\-d FU-näÀ) 54. hÅ-t¯m-fnsâ Imhy-ssien þ A\nÂh-Å-t¯mÄ
55. sIm¨n-bnse hr£-§Ä Hcp ]mcm-bWw þ Fw. eoem-hXn 56. kv{Xokz-Xzm-hn-jvImcw ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-¯nÂþ Fw. eoem-hXn
57. ]pXp-hm-b\ þ kn.-cm-tP-{µ³
58. Imev]-\n-IX þ _n.-lr-Z-b-Ip-amcn
59. IhnX hgn-¯n-cn-hn þ sI.-F-kv. \mcm-b-W-]nÅ
60. \ho-t\m-¯c \ncq-]Ww þ F. Fw. D®n-¡rjvW³
61. arXypt_m[w aebmfImÂ]\nI IhnXbn þ Ipcymkv Ip¼f¡pgn
62. DÅqcpw {]t_m[\mßIXbpw þ knÌÀ B³kn
63. knw_enkw aebmfIhnXbn þ sI.Fw.thWptKm]mÂ
25
64. CStÈcn¡hnX inÂ]hnNmcw þ sI.]n taml\³
65. {io\mcmbWKpcphnsâ k¼qÀWIrXnIÄ þ (]T\w, hymJym\w) þSn.`mkvIc³ 66. F³.hnbpsS ImhytemIw(FUnäÀ) þ sI.hn.cmaIrjvW³
67. hbemÀ cmahÀ½ EXpt`Z§Ä¡v
hÀWw ]IÀ¶ Ihn þ N{µnImi¦c\mcmbW³
68. PnbpsS `mhKoX§Ä þ Un.s_©an³
69. CStÈcn¡hnX(kamlcWw) þ sN¼qcv kpIpamc³ \mbÀ 70. Hm.³.hn IhnX CuWhpw s]mcpfpw(FUnäÀ)þ kptcjv shÅnawKew
71. BZncq]§fpsS ]Zhn\ymkw
B[p\nI aebmfIhnXbn þ im´mcmaN{µ³
72. D¯cm[p\nI IhnXm]T\§Ä þ Fw.Fk.vt]mÄ
73. BJym\§fpsS ]pkvXIw þ cmtP{µ³ FS¯pwIc
74. IhnX asämcp `mjbmWv þ _nPp Imª§mSv
75. Ihnbpw IhnXbpw þ ]n.\mcmbW¡pdp¸v
76. Ipfncpw XWepw þ sI.]n.i¦c³
77. IhnXbpsS Un.F³.F þ hnjvWp \mcmbW³ \¼qXncn
78. B[p\nIaebmfIhnXbnse
kv{Xo]£kao]\§Ä þ ]n.KoX
79. Imhy`mjbnse {]iv\§Ä þ (AhXmcI³) þ tZiawKew cmaIrjvW³ 80. aebmfIhnX B[p\nIXbpw ]mc¼cyhpw þ Fw.BÀ.cmLhhmcyÀ
81. IhnXbpw imkv{Xhpw þ Fw.eoemhXn
82. k]vXIw þ sI.]n.i¦c³
83. _memaWnb½ IhnXbpw PohnXhpw þ cXntat\m³ 84. Im«pInfnbpsS ]m«v(FUnddÀ) þ tSmWnamXyp
85. ImhymcXn þ Fw.eoemhXn
86. IrXn Hcp Irjn`qan þ sI.cmLh³]nÅ
87. AÀY¯nsâ AXnÀ¯nIÄ þ sI.cmLh³]nÅ
88. G.BÀ.cmPcmPhÀ½ þ ]n.hn.thembp[³]nÅ
89. hm¡pw hnaÀihpw þ {]k¶cmP³
90. IhnbpsS IemX{´w þ tZiawKew cmaIrjvW³
91. Pn Ipamc¸nÅbpsS teJ\§Ä þ Pn.Ipamc¸nÅ 92. aebmf¯nsâ kqcyKoX§Ä(kamlcWw) þ F³.PbIrjvW³ 93. B[p\nIaebmfIhnXbnse _nw_IÂ]\ þ ]n.sF.cm[
94. A¡n¯w IhnXm]T\§Ä þ hÅt¯mÄ hnZym]oTw
26
95. AS¡hpw A\¡hpw þ kPbv sI.hn
96. IhnXbnse ]pXphgnIÄ þ s\Ãn¡Â apcfo[c³
97. IhnXbpsS temI§Ä þ tae¯v N{µtiJc³
98. CStÈcn¡hnX þ tae¯v N{µtiJc³
99. Ipªncma³ \mbÀ IhnX þ tae¯v N{µtiJc³
100. Häsbmä CXfpIÄ þ tae¯v N{µtiJc³
101. t]m¡pshbn þ Fw.BÀ.cmLhhmcyÀ
102. hnaÀi\¯nsâ PmKcqIXIÄ þ BÀ.`{Z³ 103. `mjbpw `mh\bpw {]Xntcm[¯nsâ
ASbmf§Ä þ kn.BÀ.{]kmZv
104. lcnXZÀi\w B[p\nIm´cIhnXbn þ kn.BÀ.{]kmZv 105. B[p\nI IhnXbpw XnWk¦Â]hpw þ hn.sP. sk_mÌy³ 106. IhnXbpsS hnjvWptemIw þ Fw.eoemhXn
107. BäqÀhgnIÄ þ hn.bp.kptc{µ³
108. ad¶psh¨ hm¡pIÄ þ hn.bp.kptc{µ³
109. hm¡nepw s]mcpfnepw þ Fw.Pn._m_pPn 110. ]pXpsamgnhgnIÄ(FUnäÀ) þ BäqÀchnhÀ½
111. bphIhnX¡q«w(FUnäÀ) þ sI.Fw.thWptKm]m 112. \Ivkenkhpw aebmfIhnXbpw þ sI.]n.tPmÀPv
113. DSÂ Hcps\bv¯v þ Pn.DjmIpamcn
114. {]{ibw þ Bßmcma³
115. {]Xn`m\w þ Bßmcma³
116. B[p\nI Imhy]T\§Ä þ kn.]n.inhZmkv
117. hwiNn þ kn.BÀ.]ctaizc³
118. t^mIvtemdpw IhnXbpw þ sI.Fkv.{]Imiv
119. ]mÙcpw hgnb¼e§fpw þ sI.Fw.A\nÂ
120. ]pXpImew ]pXpIhnX þ tZthi³ t]cqÀ
121. IhnXbpsS ]«W{]thiw þ ]n.tkma³
122. H.F³.hnbpsS IhnP·§Ä þ ]n.tkma³
123. GXnebpw a[pcn¡p¶ImSpIfn þ I¸ä \mcmbW³
124. `mhpIXz¯nsâ hgnIÄ þ Fw.IrjvW³\¼qXncn
125. EXpt`Z§fpsS ]pkvXIw þ Sn.sI.kt´mjvIpamÀ
126. BJym\¯nsâ AScpIÄ þ sI.Fkv.chnIpamÀ
127. B[p\nIXbpsS A]mhcW§Ä þ sI.Fkv.chnIpamÀ
27
128. {i² þ sI.Fw.\tc{µ³
129. kwhmZw þ sI.Fw.\tc{µ³
130. ImhyIe þ sI.Fw.\tc{µ³
131. CjvSkpKÔwt]mse þ sI.Fw.\tc{µ³
132. hnaÀi\¯nsâ hgnIÄ þ cmtPjv.Fw.BÀ
133. AÚmXhpambpÅ A`napJ§Ä þ kp\nÂ.]n.CfbnSw
134. IhnXbpsS ImXÂ þ F³.{]`mIc³
135. hm¡pw hm¡pw þ hn.kn.{ioP³
136. D·oe\w þ sI.]n.i¦c³
137. \hIw þ sI.]n.i¦c³
138. EXp]cnhÀ¯\w þ sI.]n.i¦c³
139. A\pioe\w þ sI.]n.i¦c³
140. IhnZÀi\w þ A¿¸]Wn¡À
141. A\p`h§sf BÀ¡mWvt]Sn? þ C.hn.cmaIrjvW³
142. GIm´\Kc§Ä þ ]n.sI.cmPtiJc³
143. IhnXbpsS {Kma§Ä þ C.]n.cmPtKm]me³
144. {]k¶cmPsâ teJ\§Ä þ {]k¶cmP³
145. acp`qanbn hnfn¨p]dbp¶hsâ i_v±w þ Fw.tXmakvamXyp 146. Z´tKm]pc¯nte¡v hopw þ Fw.tXmakvamXyp
147. IhnXbnse ØeIme§Ä þ F.Achnµm£³
148. lcnX\ncq]Ww aebmf¯nÂ(FUnäÀ) þ Pn.a[pkqZ\³
149. XncsªSp¯{]_豈 þ sI.tKm]meIrjvW³
150. G.BÀ. \hbpK¯nsâ inÂ]n þ ]·\cmaN{µ³\mbÀ 151. Aim´nbn \n¶v im´nbnte¡v þ Fw.sI.km\p
152. thcpIfnse PohXmfw þ F.Fw.D®n¡rjvW³
153. IhnXbpsS hgnIÄ þ F³.APbIpamÀ
154. aebmfIhnX B[p\nIm´cw þ kn.BÀ.{]kmZv
155. hgn]mSpw ]pXphgnbpw þ tZiawKewcmaIrjvW³ 156. kaImeIhnX(kamlcWw) þ Fw._n.at\mPv
157. ]cnkcIhnX þ FÂ.tXmakvIp«n
158. IhnXbpsS PohNcn{Xw þ I¸ä\mcmbW³
159. BÀ.cmaN{µ³ Ihnbpw IhnXbpw(FUnäÀ) þ ]n.Fw.\mcmbW³
28
1. modernism þ Peter Faulkner
2. The Philosophy of modern art þ Herbert Read 3. Language in Modern Literature þ Jacob Korg
4. The poetic image þ Day C Lewis
29
Code : MAL1C03
tIcfw: tZihpw kwkvImchpw (Kerala: Region and Culture)
tIc-f-¯n\v AXn-{]m-No-\-amb Hcp Ncn{Xw D−v. BZn-Ime tKm{X-P-\-X-tbmSpw Ah-cpsS {]tXy-I-amb kwkvIm-c-t¯mSpw Bcy-hÀ¤w CS-I-e-cp-Ibpw Hcp ]pXp-kw- kvImcw cq]-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXv khn-ti-j-amb Hcp kwkvImcw ChnsS hf- À¶phcm³ Imc-W-am-bn. tIc-fo-b-cpsS ho£-W-¯nepw {]Xn-I-c-W-¯nepw Cu t_m[w hcp-¯nb ]cn-jvI-c-W-§Ä a\-Ên-em-t¡-−-Xp-−v. kl-\-§fpw t]mcm-«-§fpw aebm-fn- bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI Pohn-X¯n hcp-¯nb ]cn-Wm-a-§fpw Ah-bn-eqsS AS-bm-f-s¸«
kmaq-lnI {Ia-§fpw CtXm-sSm¸w ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-Ip-¶p. \thm-°m-\m\-´c tIc-fob Pohn-Xhpw AXnsâ ka-Im-en-Im-h-Øbpw IqsS NÀ¨ sNt¿-−-Xp-−v.
bqWn-äv þ 1
tIcfw F¶ {]tZ-i-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw: `ua-N-cn{X]c-amb ]T-\-§Ä \ÂIp¶ Xncn-
¨-dn-hp-IÄ--. tIc-f-¯nsâ `q{]-Ir-Xnbpw Bhm-k-hy-h-Øbpw:kwL-Ime-Ir-Xn-IÄ
\ÂIp¶ kqN-\-IÄ, {]IrXn, Imem-h-Ø, hn`-h-§Ä F¶n-h-b-\p-k-cn¨v hnI-kn-¨p- h¶kaq-l-§Äþ Hmtcm kaqlhpw krjvSn-s¨Sp¯ kmwkvIm-cnI hn`-h-§Ä, ]c-kv]c _Ô-§ÄþXnW-I-fpw Pohn-X-am-Xr-I-Ifpw þ `c-W-Iq-S-¯nsâ D¸-¯n-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]g-´- angv ]m«p-IÄ \ÂIp¶ kqN-\-IÄ : \mSp-I-fpsS cq]o-I-cWw, kzX-{´-tKm-{X-dn-¸-»n-¡p- IÄ, aqth-´-·mÀ, Ihn-IÄ, Ih-b-{Xn-IÄþ ]g-´-angv ]m«p-I-fnse kv{Xo þ ]pcpj _Ô-
§Äþ ]g-´-angv ]m«p-I-fnse kmaq-ly-_-Ô-§Ä.
bqWnäv þ 2
Xt±-i-Úm-\-§-fpsS Imew, IpdÄ, ]©-a-lm-Im-hy-§Ä, {_mÒ-Wo-I-c-Ww, PmXn- I-fpsS DÂ`hw: tIc-f-¯nse kaq-l-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä, PmXn-hy-hØbpsS DZv`hw kw_- Ôn¨ hnhn[ \nK-a-\-§Äþ Cfw-Ip-fw. Ipª³]n-Å, ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW³, sI.-sI.
sIm¨v, tUm. sI.F³ KtWjv F¶n-h-cpsS \nco-£-W-§Äþ PmXn-bpw tIc-f-kw-kvIm- chpwþPmXnbpw tIc-f-¯nsâÚm\-hy-h-Øbpw: If-cn, sshZyw, ssIs¯m-gn-ep-IÄ, KWn- Xw, hmkvXp-hnZymhnÚm-\-§Ä. Ahbv¡v PmXn-hy-h-Ø-bp-am-bpÅ _Ôw,_u²-
30
þssP\km¶n[y§ÄþsshÚm-\nIkw-`m-h-\-IÄ, þPmXn-hy-h-Øbpw \mtSmSn ]mc-¼-cy-
§fpw, {]Xn-tcm-[hpw \mtSmSn kmln-Xy-hpw, \nÈ-_vZ-k-aq-l-§Ä.
bqWn-äv-þ3
ISepw tIcf kwkvIm-chpw þ tIc-f-¯nse Xpd-ap-J-§-fpsS Ncn{Xw þ tIc-f-
¯nsâ hmWn-Py-_-Ô-§Äþ tIc-f-kw-kvImc¯n hntZ-i-_-Ô-§Ä sNep-¯nb kzm[o\w þ IS IS-s¶-¯nb aX-§Ä: PqX-a-Xw, {InkvXp-a-Xw, CÉmw-aXw þ {]kvXpX aX-§Ä tIc-f-¯n krjvSn¨ kmwkvIm-cnI ]mc-¼-cy-§Ä aX-]-cn-hÀ¯\hpw kmaq-ly-
\o-Xn-bpw, `mjmþkwkvImchn\n-a-b-§-fn Hmjym-\nIv ]T-\-§fpsS taJ-e-bn D−mb ]pXnb DÄImgvN-IÄ ap³\nÀ¯n-bp-ff kao-]-\w.
{InkvXy³ anj-W-dn-amcpw tIc-fo-bm-[p-\n-I-Xbpw, _p²-a-Xhpw ssP\-a-XhpwþtIcf kwkvIm-c-¯nÂ\n¶v e`n-¡p¶ sXfn-hp-IÄþ tIc-f-¯nse t£{X-]m-c-¼-cyhpw Imhp]m-c-
¼-cyhpw þ \mSp-hm-gn-¯hpw {_mÒ-W-{Kma-§fpw þ IpetiJ-c-·mcpw tIcfhpw þ kmln- Xyw, Ie, imkv{Xw F¶o taJ-e-I-fn c−mw tNccmPm-¡-·m-cpsS Ime-¯p-−mb hnImkw þ ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS hfÀ¨þ \m«p-cm-Py-§-fpsS DZbw þ \m«p-cm-Py-§fpw `qan-bpsS hnX-c-Whpw þ tZh-kzhpw {_Ò-kzhpw þ P·n-hy-h-Ø-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ.
bqWn-äv-þ4
sImtfm-Wn-b-en-khpw tIcf kwkvIm-chpw þ sImtfm-Wn-b hnZym-`ymkw Adn-hn- t\m-SpÅ kao-]-\-¯n h¶ amäw þ A¨-Snbpw km£c s]mXp-a-Þ-ehpw þ t]mÀ¨p-Ko- kv, U¨v, {^©v {_n«ojv A[o-iXz§Ä tIc-f-¯nsâ kwkvIm-c-¯n sNep-¯nb kzm[o\w þ sImtfm-Wn-b-en-khpw ssZ\w Zn\-hy-h-lm-c-§fpw þsImtfm-Wn-b-en- kt¯mSpÅ kao-]-\-¯nse D`-b-kz-`mhw. tIc-f-¯nse ASn-a¯wþA-Sn-a-hym-]m-c-§Ä.
tIc-f-¯nse P·n¯ hncp-²-k-a-c-§Äþ 1921 se ae-_mÀ kacw þIÀj-I-I-em-]-§Äþ ]g- Èn-k-a-c-§-Ä, tZio-b-{]-Øm\w,I-½yq-Wn-Ìv{]Øm\w, sFIy-tI-cfwþ tIc-f-¯nse BZys¯ Khs×âpw `q]-cn-jvI-c-Whpw þ BZys¯ hnZym-`ymk _nÃv þ hntam-N-\-k-a-cwþ ]n¡me cmjv{So-b-wþ ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Ø.
bqWnäv þ 5
tIc-fob \thm-°m\w þ {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp, A¿-¦m-fn, hmKv`-Sm-\-µ³, h¡w aue- hn,shfn-b-t¦mSv DaÀ Jmkn, s]mbvI-bn A¸-¨³, N«-¼n-kzm-an-IÄ, ]Þnäv sI.-]n.-I-dp-
¸³, ktlm-Z-c-\-¿-¸³, k-\m-hpà aàn-X-§Ä XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ.tIc-f-¯nse kv{Xoapt¶-ä-§Ä, \thm-°m\m-\-´c tIc-fob kaq-lhpw PmXn-kw-L-S-\-Ifpwþ sImSp-§-
31
ÃqÀ apÉnw sFIy-kwLwþtbmK-t£-a-k-`, Fkv.-F³.-Un.-]n, F³.-F-kv.Fkv, ]n.-BÀ.-Un.- Fkv. tIcfw F¶ `mjm kwØm\w:tIcftamUÂþ ]cn-Øn-Xnbpw hnI-k-\hpw: tIc- fhpw {]hm-khpw.P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-Ww-þ tIc-f-¯nsâ A\p-`-h-]m-T-§Ä. tIc-f-¯nses]mXp- hn-Zym-`ymkw, \h kmaqlnI{]Øm-\-§fpw tIc-fobkaq-lhpw þ \h-en-_-d kao-]-\-
§ÄþD]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-cwþka-ImetIc-fob Pohn-X-w.
]T-\-¯nsâ `mK-ambn sXt¡ C´ybnse Ncn-{XþkmwkvIm-cn-I-{]m-[m-\y-apÅ Øe-
§Ä kµÀin¨v ]Xn-\-©p-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm¡n kaÀ¸n-t¡-
−-Xm-Wv.
klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä
tIc-f-N-cn{Xw H¶mw `mKw , cmLh hmcn-bÀ, cmP³ Kpcp-¡Ä, FS-¸mÄ: hÅ-t¯mÄ hnZym-]oTw 2011.
tIcf Ncn{Xw c−mw `mKw. FS-¸mÄ: hÅ-t¯mÄ hnZym-]o-Tw.
ae-bm-fn-bpsS tZi-Im-e-§Ä. sI.-F³.-K-tWjv. tImgn-t¡mSv: dmkvs_dn _pIvkv, 2016.
tI-cf kaq-l-]-T-\-§Ä. sI..-F³. KtW-jv, ]¯-\w-Xn«: {]kàn _pIvlu-kv, 2011.
tI-cf¯nsâ C¶-se-IÄ, sI.-F³. KtWjv, kmwkvIm-cnI {]kn-²o-I-c-W-h-Ip-¸v, 1997.
tIcf \thm-°m\w ]pXp-hm-b-\-IÄ, AP-bv-ti-JÀ, Fkv.-BÀ. N{µ-tam-l³, (F-Un.) sdbvh³ ]»n-t¡-j³kv.
]pXp-tI-cf Nn´-IÄ. Fw.-]n.-]-c-ta-iz-c³, Cu.-Un. tUhn-kv, tPmPn C«-t½Â(-FUn.).
XrÈqÀ: tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-¯v.
Xangv kwL-ImeIhn-X-IÄ. hnh. ae-b¯v A¸p-®n. tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-`qan ]»n-t¡- j³kv.
Aªq-dp-hÀjs¯ tIcfw Nne Adn-h-S-bm-f-§Ä. hÀKokv hn.-sP, hnP-b-tam-l³]nÅ F³. N§-\m-tÈcn: Xmc-Xay ]T-\-kw-Lw.
Xan-gIw CuSp-Ifpw Nph-Sp-I-fpw. sI.-sP.-A-P-b-Ip-amÀ, tImgn-t¡mSv: C³sskäv ]»n-¡v, 2012.
kwL-km-lnXy Ncn{Xw. tae-§¯v \mcm-b-W³Ip-«n. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v. 2003.
hb-\mSv tcJ-IÄ. H.-sI. tPmWn, tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-`qan _pIvkv, 2010.
_p²-a-Xhpw PmXn-hy-h-Ø-bpw. sI.-kp-K-X³, tImgn-t¡mSv: t{]m{Kkv ]»n-t¡-j³, 2014.
tIc-f-N-cn-{X-¯nse Ccp-f-Sª GSp-IÄ, Cfw-Ipfw Ipª-³]n-Å, Fkv.-]n.-kn.-F-kv, tIm«bw 1974.
32
tZio-b-Xbpw IÀjI ka-c-§-fpw. sI.-sI.-F³.-Ip-dp-¸v. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj- gvkv, 1991.
{^m³knkv _p¡m-\sâ tIc-fw. hnh.-tUm. kn.-sI.-I-cow, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 1981.
a²y-ImetIcfw kzcq-]-\o-Xn-bpsS Ncn-{X-]m-T-§Ä, Fw.-BÀ.-cm-L-h-hm-cyÀ. tIm«bw:
kmln-Xy-{]-hÀ¯I kl-I-cW kwLw. 2014.
kmaq-Xncn s]cpa a²y-Ime tIc-f-¯nse cmjv{So-b-þ-kmw-kvIm-c-N-cn-{Xw, hn.-hn.-l-cn-Zm-kv,.
XrÈqÀ: tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an, 2012.
ssP\-aXw tIc-f-¯nÂ.Fw.-BÀ. cmL-h-hm-cn-bÀ, tIm«bw: kmln-Xy-{]-hÀ¯I kl-I-c- W-kw-Lw, 2013.
tIcfw: Xpd-apJ Ncn-{X-§-fn-eqsS, sI.-]n.-cm-P³, tImgn-t¡mSv: ]nbmt\m ]»n-t¡-j³kv, 2012.
tIcfNcn{Xw If-cnbpw Iem-cq-]-§-fpw. apIp-µ³ Ipdp-¸v, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 2013.
tIcfkaqlw C¶v \msf, sI.-F³.-K-tW-jv. tIm«bw: kmlnXy {]hÀ¯I kl-I-c-W- kw-Lw 2012.
k©m-cn-IÄ I− tIc-fw, them-bp-[³ ]Wn-¡-tÈ-cn, XrÈqÀ: Idâv _pIvkv, 2012.
tIcfw Hcp e´-¡m-csâ ZrjvSn-bnÂ, sI.-in-h-i-¦-c³ \mbÀ, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf
`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v.
tIcfw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`q-an. C.-Fw.-F-kv. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2016.
ae-_mÀ Iem]w {]`p-Xz-¯n\pw cmP-hm-gvN-bv¡p-sa-Xn-sc., sI.-F³.-]-Wn-¡À, tIm«bw:
Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, 2007.
tIc-fo-bX Ncn-{X-am-\-§Ä, Fw.-BÀ. cmLh hmcn-bÀ, ipI-]pcw: hÅ-t¯mÄ hnZym-]o-Tw, 1990.
tNckm{amPyw H¼Xpw ]¯pw \qäm-−p-I-fnÂ, Cfw-Ipfw. ]n.-F³.-Ipª³]n-Å, tIm«bw:
\mj-WÂ _pIvÌmÄ, 1960.
tIcfNcn-{X-¯nsâ \m«p-h-gn-IÄ. F³.-Fw.-\-¼q-Xn-cn, ]n.-sI.-in-h-Zmkv (F-Un.) tIm«bw:
Unkn.-_p-Ivkv, 2011.
Jnem-^¯v kvac-W-IÄ, samgn-¡p-¶¯v {_Ò-Z-¯³ \¼q-Xn-cn-¸m-Sv, tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-
`qan _pIvkv, 2006.
]g-Èn-cmP Imehpw Pohn-X-hpw. sI.-sI.-F³. Ipdp-¸v. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: saen³U _pIvkv, 2012.
tIcf\thm-°m\w Hcp amÀIvknÌv hn£Ww H¶mw k©n-I. ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ, Xncp-h-\-
´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2013.
33
tI-cf\thm-°m-\w. ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ, c−mw k©nI aXm-Nm-cn-IÄ aX-\n-tj-[n-IÄ.
Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2009.
tI-cf\thm-°m-\w, ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ, aq¶mw k©nI bpK-k-´-Xn-IÄ bpK-in-ev]n-IÄ.
Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2010.
tI-cf\thm-°m-\w, ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ, \memw k©nI am[y-a-]ÀÆw. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw:
Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2013.
s]mbv-I-bn A¸-¨³, cmtPjv Nnd-¸m-Sv.. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2015.
A¿-¦m-fn, sN´m-c-tÈcn Sn.-F-¨v.-]n. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: {]`mXv _pIv lukv, 2013.
A¨p-Iq-S-¯nse tIcfw. {ioIp-amÀ.-F.-Pn. I®qÀ: ssIcfn _pIvkv, 2014.
Ncn-{X-¯nsâ ap{Z-W-§Ä ae-bmf ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ hnIm-khpw ]cn-Wm-a-hpw. jn_p- ap-l-½-Zv, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 2007.
Ipe-kv{Xobqw N´-s¸®pw D−m-b-sX-§s\? sP. tZhn-I. XrÈqÀ: tIcf imkv{X-km- lnXy ]cn-j-¯v, 2015.
tIc-f-¯nsâ kv{Xoapt¶äNcn-{X-§Ä, kn.-F-kv.-N-{µn-I, tIm«bw: Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, 2016.
kv{Xo]-T\w tIcf kv{Xo F§s\ Pohn-¡p¶p? F§s\ Nn´n-¡p-¶p. XrÈqÀ: tIcf imkv{X kmlnXy ]cn-j-¯v, 2013.
tIcfNcn{Xw hmfyw 1 & 11, ]n.-F.-sk-bvXp-ap-l-½Zv (F-Un.). sIm¨n: tIcf lnÌdn Atkm-kn-tb-j³.
tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cn-I-N-cn-{Xw, ]n.-sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tId-f-
`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 1991.
tIc-f-N-cn-{Xw, F. {io[-c-ta-t\m³, tIm«bw: Fkv.-]n.-F-kv., 1967.
tIc-f-kw-kvIm-cw, F. {io[-c-ta-t\m³, tIm«bw: Fkv.-]n.-kn.F-kv. 1988.
tIcfNcn{Xhpw kaqlcq]oIcWhpw sI.sI. sIm¨v, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf `mjm C³Ìnäyq«v.2012
PmXn-hy-h-Øn-Xnbpw tIc-fhpw. _me-Ir-jvW³,]n.-sI. tIm«bw: Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, 1983
\mbÀ ta[mhnXz¯nsâ ]X\w. tdm_n³ sP{^n, tIm«bw: Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, 1979 hmWn-Py-tI-c-fw.-Kw-Km-[-c³ Fw.tIm«bwUn.-kn.-_p-Ivkv,2013
-tI-c-fhnNm-c-§Ä.- Kw-Km-[-c³ Fw, tImgnt¡mSv: {]Xo£.-_p-Ivkv,2013
Bbp-[-]-g-abpw \tcm-ev]-¯n-bpwA-¿-¸³,.-F.- tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-`qan _pIvkv, 2018.
ae-_mÀ]-T-\-§Ä. tK-]m-e³Ip-«n sI. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf `mjm C³Ìnäyq«v,2007.
kwk-vImchpw tZiobXbpw. ]Wn¡À,sI.F³. XrÈqÀ:Idâv _pIvkv,2002.
]s¯m¼Xmw \qäm−nse tIcfw..`mkv¡c\p®n,]n. XrÈqÀ:tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-¡m-Z-an,1988.
tIcfw Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-−nsâ Bcw-`-¯nÂ. `mkv¡c\p®n, ]n.XrÈqÀ:tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-
¡m-Z-an,2005.
34
tIcfkwØm\ cq]oIcWw. tPmbn _me³, hvfm¯m¦c. Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw: Nn´
]_vfntjgvk,.2018
hnizmkhpw hntamN\hpw ssI]ä lmt_Â. k-\Âtam-l³&hn\nÂt]mÄ, Xncp-h- Ã:ss{IkvX-h-km-ln-Xy-k-an-Xn,2015
Zen-Xvss{I-kvX-hÀ tIc-f-¯nÂ.- t]mÄ Nnd-¡-tcm-Sv, Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw:sdbvh³ ]_vfn-t¡- j³kv,2018.
Rm³ I− tIcfw. km-ap-h sa-äoÀ,Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw:Btcm _pIvkv,2005.
ae-_mÀam-\zÂ. hneyw temK³,tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-`qan _pIvkv, 1985.
{]mNo-\-tI-c-fw.-iw-kpÅ JmZn-cn,-tIm-gn-t¡mSv: AZÀ _pIvkv,1954
h¡w A_vZpÄJm-ZÀ Pohn-Xhpw IrXn-I-fpw. ap¯m\ Xzml.XrÈqÀ:tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-¡m-Z- an,2007.
Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀtÌävtIm¬{K-Êv.- Np-½mÀ,sI.-Fw. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw:tIcf`mjmC³Ìnäyq-
«v,2013
Z´-knw-lm-k-\w.- a-\p.- F-kv.-]n-Å.tIm«bw: Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, 2017
kndn-b³ am\zÂ.än.-H.-G-en-bmkv, tIm«bw: kmln-Xy-{]-hÀ¯I kl-I-c-W-kw- Lw,2015.
Fsâ tIc-fw. -c-ho-{µ³,tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-`qan _pIvkv, 2008.
The Kerala Temple and the Early Medieval Agraroma System. Rajan Gurukkal, Sukapuram: Vallthol Vidyapeedham, 1992.
Perumals of Kerala, M.G.S.Narayanan, Thrissur: Cosmo Publications, 2013.
Studies in Ancient Tamil Society. Siva Thampi,
Zamorins of Kerala, K.V. Krishna Aiyar, University of Calicut: 1999.
A History of Christianity of Kerala, C.V. Cheriyan, Kerala Historical Society, 1973.
Malabar and its folk, Gopala Panikkar, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1983.
Decolonizing History- Technology and Culture in India- Claude Alvares
Modernity of slavery:Struggles Against Caste Inequality in Colonial Kerala.Sanal mohan, Oxford University Press.2015
35 CODE: MAL1 C04
ae-bmfhymI-cWw (Malayalam Grammar)
]T-\-e£yw
ae-bm-f-`m-jm-hym-I-c-W-¯n hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v ka-{K-amb [mcW D−m-¡p-I. ae- bm-f-¯nse hymI-c-W-{K-Ù-§fpw ]T-\-§fpw hne-bn-cp¯n kzm`n-{]mbw cq]o-I- Icn¡phm³ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-¡p-I. \ho\ hymI-c-W-Nn-´-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n `mj- sbbpw -hym-I-c-Ws¯bpw ZÀ-in-¡p-hm³ {]m]vX-cm-¡p-I. `mjm-`n-cp-Nnbpw `mjm-t_m- [hpw hfÀ¯p-I. hymI-cW kao-]-\-co-Xn-I-fnepw cN-\-bnepw Adnhp\evIp-I. hymI-cW Kth-j-W-¯n A`-ncpNn hfÀ¯p-I. hymI-c-W-c-N-\-bpsS {]m[m\yw t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.
hymI-c-W-kn-²m-´-§-fn Aht_m-[-ap-−m-¡p-I. hymI-c-W-Im-cy-§-fn {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-Úm\w ssIh-cn-¡p-I.
]T-\-coXn
ae-bm-f-¯nse {][m-\- hym-I-c-W\nba-§fpw \nco-£-W-§fpw ]T-\-§fpw ASn- Øm-\-ambn kzoI-cn¨v Hmtcm hymI-c-W-X-ehpw Xmc-X-ay-hn-i-I-e-\-¯n\v hnt[-b-am-¡p-I.
XpSÀ¶v \ho-\-Nn-´-I-fpsS ]cn-t{]-£y-¯n hnh-c-Wm-ß-I-amb \h-hym-Jym-\-§Ä\ÂIp- I. hnaÀi\m-ß-I-amb At\z-j-W-¯n-eqsS ]qÀh-]-T-\-§sf hne-bn-cp-¯p-Ibpw hymI-c- W-]-c-amb ]ng-hp-Isf Is−-¯p-Ibpw Xncp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿pI.
bqWnäv 1
1. hym-I-cWw F´v? F´n\v?
hymI-c-Whpw `mjm-im-kv{X-hpw X½n-epÅ _Ôw.
2. hnhn[ kao-]-\-co-Xn-IÄ : \nÀt±-im-ß-Iw, BK-an-Iw, hnh-c-Wm-ß-Iw.
3. ]mc-¼-cy-hym-I-c-W-§-fn-epÅ ]cn-Nbw: ]mWn-\o-bw, sXm¡m-¸n-bw, \¶qÂ, ]mÝm-Xy-hym-I-c-W-]-²-Xn-IÄ.
4. ae-bm-f-¯nse {][m\ hymI-c-W-{K-Ù-§-fpsS kmam\y ]cn-N-bw.
5. A£-cw, A£-c-ame þ A-`n-{]m-bt`Z-§Ä, NnÃp-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ.
6. kÔn: \nÀÆ-N-\w, hÀKo-I-c-W-§Ä, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-bpsS kÔn hÀ¤o-I-c-W-¯nsâ KpW-tZm-j-§Ä, eoem-Xn-e-I-apÄs¸-sSbpÅ {KÙ-§-fnse \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ.
7. i_vZ-hn-`mKw: hmN-Iw, tZymX-Iw, Ah-bpsS D]-hn-`m-K-§Ä, ]pXnb hymI-c-W- kw-hÀ¤-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp¶ kml-Ncyw.
]Z-hn-`mKw : ]Z-\nÀÆ-N-\w, hn`m-K-§Ä, \maw, {Inb, t`ZIw.
36 bqWnäv 2
1. \maw : \nÀh-N-\w, \ma-hn-`m-K-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\w, \ma-hn-`m-K-§Ä, kÀÆ-\maw:
kz`m-hw, \ma-¯nsâ D]-hn-`m-K-sa¶ NÀ¨.
2. enwK-hy-hØ: {Zmhn-U-enw-K-hy-h-Ø-bpsS {]tXyI-X-IÄ, enwK-\nÀÆ-N-\w, hÀKo-I- c-Ww, {]Xy-b-§Ä.
3. hN-\-hy-hØ: {ZmhnU hN-\-hy-h-Ø-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-IÄ, hN-\-\nÀÆ-N\w: hÀKo- I-c-Ww, {]Xy-b-§Ä, ]qP-I-_-lp-h-N\¯n\v {]kànbpt−m F¶ At\z-jWw, kwJym-hn-ti-j-Whpw _lp-h-N-\-{]-Xybhpw kw_-Ô-amb hyXykvX aX-§Ä.
4. hn`-ànbpw Imc-Ihpw: hn`-àn, ImcIw þ \nÀÆ-N\w þ AhbpsS _Ô-s¯-¡p-dn- ¨pÅ NÀ¨-IÄ, \ma-¯n\p]pd-t¯¡v ]S-cp¶ BÀYn-I-_-Ôw, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n- bpsS hn`àn \ma-I-c-W-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ, hn`-àn-I-fpsS F®-s¯- ¡p-dn-¨pÅ `n¶m-`n-{]mb-§Ä, kw_-Ôn-Ibpw kwt_m-[\bpw hn`-àn-b-sö \nco- £Ww, hn`-àym-`m-kw, Imc-I-_-Ô-hpw hnti-j-W-_-Ôhpw c−p hyXykvX hymI- c-W-_-Ô-§-fm-sW-¶pÅ sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cy-cpsS \nco-£-Ww.
5. KXn: KXn-sb-¡p-dn¨pÅ hyXykvX \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ, kzX-{´-{]-tbm-KmÀl-X.
6. hyp¸¶-\m-a-§Ä: Ir¯v, X²n-Xw þ \nÀÆ-N-\w, hÀKo-I-c-Ww, {]Xy-b-§Ä, hmIy-hn-X-c-W-co-Xn-IÄ.
bqWnäv 3
1. {Inb : \nÀÆ-N-\w, {Inbm-hn-`m-K-§Ä, Ah-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-IÄ, apäp-hn-\bpw ]äp-hn-
\bpw: \nÀÆ-N-\w, hn`m-K-§Ä, hn\-sb-¨w, t]sc-¨w, t]sc-¨-§-fpsS t`Z-I-[À½w, BJymX cq]-\n-jv]-¯n-\-bw, ae-bm-f-¯nse BJym-X-cq-]-\n-jv]-¯n-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ tIc-f- ]m-Wn-\n-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯n-t·-epÅ hnaÀi-\-§Ä, Jne-[m-Xp.
2. {Inb-bpsS D]m-[n-IÄ, Imew: ae-bm-f-hym-I-c-W-¯nse Ime-hy-h-Ø-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-IÄ, `qXw, `mhn, hÀ¯-am-\w F¶ {][m\ hn`m-K-§-fpsS k¼qÀ®-]-T-\w, {]Xy-b-§Ä, {]Xy-b-tbm-P-\-bn [mXp-hn-\p-−m-Ip¶ ]cn-jvIm-c-§Ä, ioe-`m-hn, Ah-[m- cI-`mhn F¶n-h-bpsS Ime-kq-N-\-IÄ.
3. {]Imcw: \nÀÆ-N-\w, hn`m-K-§Ä, {]Xy-bw, {]Im-c-§-fpsS hmIy-L-S-\m-]-chpw AÀ°-]-c-hp-amb At\z-j-W-§Ä, {]Im-c-§-fpsS Imen-I-{]-k-àn.
4. A\p-{]-tbm-Khpw {]mIv{]-tbm-Khpw : \nÀÆ-N-\w, hn`m-K-§Ä, ae-bm-f-¯nse A\p- {]-tbm-Kþ-{]mIv {]tbm-K-§-fpsS hymI-c-W-]-c-amb [À½hpw {]k-àn-bpw, Ime-]-cn-tÑ-Z-K- W-\-I-fn A\p-{]-tbm-K-§-fpsS km[y-X-Isf {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ hymI-c-W-NÀ¨.
5. \ma-[m-Xp-¡Ä: LS\ hnh-cn-t¡-−-XmWv.
37 bqWnäv 4
1. \ma-hn-ti-jWw: \nÀÆ-N\w þ kzX-{´-]-Z-hn`mKw F¶ hymI-cW-NÀ¨, tIc-f-]m- Wn-\n-bpsS hn`-P-\w, kn. FÂ. Bâ-Wn-bpsSbpw F³. F³. aqÊ-Xn-sâbpw \nco-£Ww þ kzX-{´hpw hyp¸-¶-hp-amb \ma-hn-ti-j-W-§Ä, {]Xy-b-§Ä.
2. {Inbm-hn-ti-jWw : \nÀÆ-N-\w, kzX-{´-]-Z-hn-`mKw F¶ \ne-bn-epÅ At\z-j-Ww, kzX-{´hpw hyp¸-¶-hp-amb {Inbm-hn-ti-j-W-§fpw Ah-bpsS LS-\m-]-c-amb {]tXy--I-X- Ifpw þ {]Xy-b-§Ä, hnti-j-W-hn-ti-jW-§Ä, B[n-Iy-hm-Nn-IÄ.
3. hmIy-hn-tij-W-§Ä : hmIy-§sf X½n _Ôn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw ]qÀÆm-]c AÀ°- tbmKw km[y-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ {]tbm-K-§Ä, (F-¦nÂ, ]s£ XpS-§n-b-h) Ah-bpsS LS-\bpw hnX-c-W-kz-`m-h-hpw.
4. kamkw : \nÀhN-\w, hn`m-K-§Ä, ]pXp-]-Z-\n-jv]-¯n-bn kam-k-§-fpsS hymI-c- W-[À½w.
bqWnäv 5
1. hmIyw : BImw-£m-[n-Im-c-¯nse tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-bpsS \nco-£-W-§Ä, LS-I-
¯nsâ hymI-c-W- [À½w.
2. BJy, BJym-Xw.
3. tIh-e-hm-Iy-§fpw {]tbm-P-I-hm-Iy-§fpw
4. \ntj-[-hmIyw : \ntj-[-hm-Iy-§-fpsS LS\ þ hn[n-hm-Iy-§-fnÂ\n¶pÅ hyXn-bm-
\w.
5. tNmZy-hmIyw: tNmZy-hm-Iy-§-fpsS LS-\, {]Xy-b-§Ä, hnIev]þ\n]mXw.
6. ]qÀ®-hm-Iyw, eLp-hm-Iyw, hymt£-]-Iw, kwt_m-[-\, hymt£-]Is¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c--hm-cy-cpsS hne-bn-cp-¯Â.
7. AwKn-hm-Iyw, AwK-hm-Iyw.
8. NqÀ®n-I, k¦nÀ®w, alm-hmIyw F¶o hÀKo-I-c-W-§-fpsS {]k-àn.
klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä
tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw (i-Xm-_vZn-¸-Xn-¸v) þ G.-BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, 1997.
tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw (B-Zy-]-Xn-¸v) þ G.-BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ (]p-Xp-tÈcn cma-N-{µ³) (k-¼m-Z-
\hpw ]T-\-hpw) tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-¡m-Z-an, XriqÀ 1996.
ae-bm-f-`m-jm-hym-I-cWw þ Kp−À«v Un.-kn. _pIvkv, 1991.
hymI-c-W-an{Xw þ Fw. tij-Kn-cn-{]-`p, tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-¡m-Zan, XriqÀ, 1989.
ae-bm-gva-bpsS hymI-cWw þ tPmÀÖv am¯³ tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v, Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw, 2000.
38
tIc-f-`m-jm-hym-I-cWw þ ]m¨p-aq-¯Xv aZn-cmin kÀh-I-em-ime, aZn-cm-in, 1981.
tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-`mjyw þ s{]m^. kn.-FÂ. Bâ-Wn, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm«-bw, 1994.
ae-bmfhymI-c-W-k-ao£þ sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cyÀ hÅ-t¯mÄ hnZym-]oTw, ipI-]pcw, 1998.
hymI-c-W-hn-thIw þ tUm. F³.-F³. apÊXv F³ _n Fkv.
tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-hn-aÀiw þ]pXp-tÈcn cma-N-{µ³ (k-¼m-Z-\hpw ]T-\-hpw) tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v, 1996.
ssIc-fo-i-_vZm-\p-im-k\w þ sI kpIp-am-c-]n-Å tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v, Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw, 1980.
tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-]m-T-§Ä þ kn. hn. hmkp-tZh`«Xncn Unkn _pIvkv, tIm«bw, 1995.
`mjm-h-tem-I\w þ sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cyÀ hÅ-t¯mÄ hnZym-]oTw, ipI-]pcw, 1999.
hymI-cW]T\-§Ä þ thWp-tKm-]m-e-¸-Wn-¡À(F-Un.) tImgn-t¡mSv kÀh-I-em-ime, 1996.
tIc-f-]m-Wn-\ob hnÚm-\w (I & II) þ Fw. {io\m-Y³, kn. sskX-ehn (F-Un.) ae- bmf kÀh-I-em-ime, 2017.
anj-Wdn`mjm-imkv{Xw þ Fw. {io\m-Y³ (F-Un.) ae-bmf kÀh-I-em-ime, 2017.
ëae-bmfhymI-c-W-¯nse cmP-cm-P-amÀ¤wí (B-ap-J-teJ\w), kvIdnb k¡-dnb, tIc-f-]m- Wn-\o-bw, Un.-kn. iXm-_vZn-¸-Xn-¸v, 1997.
ae-bmfw amähpw hfÀ¨bpw þ tUm. sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-bÀ, hÅ-t¯mÄ hnZym-]o-Tw, ipI-]p-cw, 2007.
{KmaÀ Hm^v Z ae-_mÀ emwtKzPv þ tdm_À«v {Ua−v, tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, Xncp-h-\-´- ]p-cw, 2002.
i_vZku`Kw þ tPm¬ Ip¶-¸Ån, s]m´n-^n-¡Â C³Ìn-äyq«v ]»n-t¡-j³kv Beph 1976.
{]tbm-K-Zo-]nI þ kmln-Xy-]-©m-\\³ ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-]n-Å, tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Z-an, 1996.
s_©-an³ s_bven þ tUm. _m_p sNdn-bm³, kmln-Xy-{]-hÀ¯-I-k-l-I-c-W-kwLw 2009.
ae-bm-f-¯nse \ma-hÀKw þ tUm. sI.-{io-Ip-amcn. Idâv _pIvkv, XriqÀ, 2003.
tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw : t_m[-\w, kn²m-´w, kwhmZwíkwkvIm-c-tI-c-fw, kn.-sP. tPmÀÖv, tIc-f-kÀ¡mÀ kmwkvIm-cn-I-h-Ip-¸v, Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw, 1998, Unkw-_À.
`mjm-]-T-\-§Äþ kn.-FÂ. BâWn tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Z-an, XriqÀ, 1989.
ae-bm-f-`m-jm-]-T-\-§Äþ tUm. sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-bÀ & tUm. ]n.-F³. cho-{µ³ (k-
¼m.) tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw, 1990.
39
`mjm-ZÀi-\hpw Ncn-{Xhpw þ tUm. sI. Ip©p-®n-cmPm, tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, Xncp-h-\-
´-]p-cw, 2000.
tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-]o-Tn-Im-]-T\w `mjm-im-kv{X-ho-£-W-¯nÂþ Fkv. hn.-j-×pJw hnh.
thWp-tKm-]m-e-¸-Wn-¡À, {]kn-²o-I-c-W-hn-`mKw Imen-¡äv kÀÆ-I-em-im-e, 2012.
`mjbpw ]T-\hpw þ s{]m^. hn.-sF. kp{_-Ò-Wyw, Idâv _p¡vkv, XriqÀ 2007.
`mjm-]-cn-Nbw þ Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ ]n.-sI.-{_-tZÀkv, tImgn-t¡mSv 1997.
hymI-c-W-]-T-\-§Äþ s{]m^. sI.-hn. cma-N{µ ss]. enÃn ]»n-jnwMv lukv, N§-\m-tÈcn 2009.
ae-bm-f-hym-I-cWw kwhm-Z-§Ä ka-\z-b-§Ä- þ- D®n Ba-¸m-d-bv¡Â, tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn- äyq-«v, Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw, 2017.
ae-bm-f-`m-jm-hn-Úm-\¯n\v FÂ.-hn. cma-kzman A¿-cpsS kw`m-h-\-þ tUm. kuay t__n, tI-c-f-bq-Wn-th-gvknän {]km-[-\-hn-`m-Kw 2009.
Notes on Kerala Paniniyam – L.V. Ramaswamy Iyer
Studies in Malayalam Grammar - K.M. Prabhakara Variar, University of Madras, 1979.
40 Code : MAL 1 A01
HmUnävtImgvkv 1þ _p¡vdnhyq
hnZymÀYn-IÄ¡v hnhn-[-X-c-¯n-epÅ `mtjm-]-tbm-K-§-fn {]mtbm-Kn-I-]-cn-io-e\w e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xnsâ `mK-am-bmWv ]pkvX-I-]-cn-N-bw (-_p¡vdnhyq) F¶ Cu tImgvkv, HmUnävtImgvkmbn DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. \mev s{IUn-ämWv tImgvkn-\p-Å-Xv. ska-ÌÀ Xocp¶ ka-b¯v hnZymÀYn-IÄ kz´-ambn X¿m-dm-¡nb ]pkvX-I-]-cn-N-b-§Ä aqey-
\nÀW-b-¯n-\mbn kaÀ¸n-t¡−--Xm-Wv.
]pkvXIwXnc-sª-Sp-¡Â
Ign-hXpw Gähpw ]pXnb ]pkvX-I-§-fn-Â\n¶v th−h Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-I. GsX-¦nepw Xc-
¯n ka-Ime{i²-t\-Snb ]pkvX-I-§Ä Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶Xv \¶v. kmln-tXy-X-c-hn-j-b-
§-fn-epÅ ]pkvX-Ihpw hnZymÀYn-bpsS A`n-cp-Nn-¡-\p-k-cn¨v Xnc-sª-Sp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
Hmtcm -hn-ZymÀYnbpw \mev ]pkvX-I-§Ä Xnc-sª-Sp-t¡--−Xm-Wv.
dnhyq sN¿p-t¼mÄ
1. ]pkvX-I¯nsâ kw{K-l-a-Ã, hne-bn-cp-¯-emWv \S-t¯--Xv. ]pkvXIw F§-s\-bmWv kaq-l-¯n\v {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv, AX-Xp-ta-J-e-bn \ne-hn-epÅ hnÚm-\s¯
{]kvXpX ]pkvXIw F§-s\-bmWv apt¶m«p \bn-¡p-¶Xv F¶ a«n Btem-Nn-¡-Ww.
2. ]pkvX-I-¯n-epÅ apgp-h³Im-cyhpw dnhyq-hn DÄs¸-Sp-¯