In many countries, the share of enrollments is higher in the private sector than in the public sector of higher education. Indonesia, Malaysia and Kenya regarding the main drivers of privatization of higher education in those countries. In doing so, Malaysia has managed to adopt higher education from the developed countries of the world.
According to the author, it is not only in India but globally that there has been a paradigm shift in the higher education sector. Sharma Vijender (2005) studied through his article "Commercialization of Higher Education in India" the Higher Education scenario of India post 1990 ie. therefore, it is the call of the hour to study and investigate the various dimensions of private higher education.
It has been argued in the chapter "Globalization and Privatization of Higher Education in India" that in India 70 percent of higher education institutions are privately managed ie. here he believes that the private sector is the fastest growing segment of higher education in many counties. around the world. The author strongly argues that private institutions in the higher education sector are a post 1980 phenomenon in India.
Private higher education has already played a major role in higher education in countries such as the U.S.A., Japan and Malaysia as studied by S.
Regional
Goswami Dulumoni (2015) in his paper "Financing Higher Education in India: An Analytical Discussion" revealed that Higher Education has a low priority in public expenditure in India. The author has studied the current position of fund allocation in the Union Budget for Higher Education and strongly believes that government funding for the Higher Education sector should increase as there is a simultaneous increase in public demand for Higher Education. Private Higher Education in India, an article published in Economic and Political Weekly vol.49, Issue No.
Tilak- in this article the author emphasizes the fact that the very high growth in higher education as experienced in India is the alarming growth in private higher education especially since the beginning of the 1990s. The author strongly argues that while these private institutions have claimed benefits, there are many dangers involved in this high degree of reliance on private higher education for the overall development of higher education in India. Medium of Instruction, Training of Teachers, Management and Control, Economics of Education and Education of the Backward Communities.
Naskar Sudhiti in her article “Higher Education in the NER (North Eastern Region): Current situation and the Initiatives Adopted” states a very striking truth about the situation of higher education in the NER, which is inadequate compared to other states of India . The cost of education has increased alarmingly and in this scenario it is pertinent to come up with new strategies for financing education such as changes in government policies and procedures. Another striking observation from this study is a remarkable decline in the share of private financing of higher education.
Sarma Bidula (2013) through his study "Attitude of University Students towards Privatization of Higher Education - a study" assessed the attitudes of students in two different universities in Assam - Gauhati University and Dibrugarh University, two of the leading public universities in Assam. Privatization, according to her study, has led to a large quantitative expansion of higher education institutions, but in terms of quality, there is a serious threat to it. The study found that university students in Assam have a positive attitude towards privatization of higher education.
Hazarika, Dulal (2017) Hazarika's PhD thesis titled "Perception towards Privatization of Higher Education: A Study on Teachers of University Colleges Affiliated to Gauhati University" arrived at the following findings. 1) The teachers of the university colleges of Gauhati University had realized that the existing scenario of privatization of Higher Education is not encouraging at all. 2) The result of the study clearly shows a high commercialization of private Higher Education Institutions. 3) The study shows that university college teachers are worried about the high fees of these institutions.
Literature Review on Socio-Economic Impact of Privatization of Higher Education
The writer powerfully argues the point that the importance of higher education is continuously increasing and knowledge-based industries are now at the center of the nation's development process. The first chapter of the book provides a profile of the socio-economic condition of the Northeast and gradually leads into the history of the growth and development of higher education in the Northeastern states. Most importantly, the author warns higher education practitioners to be vigilant against the negative socio-cultural impacts of globalization.
A Perspective” where LPG (Liberalization Privatization, Gobalization) process is highlighted in relation to the Higher Education Sector. Agarwal Paban (2009) According to Paban Agarwal, the private sector in Education is the fastest growing segment in Higher Education in most of the countries around the world. Expansion in the higher education sector is only noticeable in the private sector after India became independent.
Although the study revealed that private higher education in the country is the fastest growing segment of Punjab's higher education system, it is not without these above-mentioned drawbacks. Newspaper clippings reviewed by the researcher from 2007 to 2018 shed light on various aspects of the higher education sector in India. All articles raise some important questions that plague our country's higher education system.
Nayar Deepak (2011), in his article “Cut off from College”: the challenges in Higher Education”, published in “The Times of India” on June 28, expresses the view that with the increase in cut-offs for admission to U.G. The growing aspirations of young school leavers for higher education as a means of employment and social opportunity has boosted the growth of the private sector in higher education. The two main challenges facing higher education today are (1) closing the job gap (2) attracting deserving people.
2,545 crore has been earmarked for the Higher Education Sector in 2018-19 in the state budget which will definitely bring a noticeable change if the allocated funds are used wisely. Mihir Kanti Choudhury's Convocation Address at Assam University 2018 published in "The Assam Tribune" dated March 18, 2018 throws light on the present Higher Education scenario of our state. A newspaper report dated May 7, 2018 in „The Assam Tribune‟ states that the MHRD has directed all the universities and colleges to introduce the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) and to make the higher education increasingly ICT based.
The entire effort was aimed at improving the quality of higher education and attracting and retaining the best talent in the country. Ashutosh Sarkar's article entitled 'Competition and Quality in Our Education System' published in 'The Assam Tribune' dated 21 June 2018 clearly states that most students come to higher education not to learn new skills or acquire new knowledge , but for the market value of the diploma. In one of the studies on higher education, they found that only 15 percent of our higher education graduates are actually employable.
This dismal situation is the result of the apathy of the authorities to improve the quality of higher education in the state.
Conclusion – The review of related literature as undertaken by the researcher shows that many studies have been made in the area at International and National level. But it has
