I am pleased to present the activities and key achievements of the National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) in the 2014-2015 Annual Report. A study on the distribution and biological characteristics of malaria vectors in malarial villages of Mewat district, Haryana showed the prevalence of An.
Vector Biology
Fig.12: 3D- In silico analysis of mosquito Ninjurin: (a) Secondary structure prediction of AsNinjL; (b) Ramachandran Plot analysis; (c) Prose energy distribution of the molecularly modeled mosquito Ninjurin; (d & e) Surface representation of the Ninjurin— two front views; (d) One side view; (e) Polar, negatively and positively charged atoms shown in green, red and blue respectively; and (f) STRING-based network prediction analysis of AsNinjL. Consequently, this study was initiated, in which a 569 bp DNA segment of the NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (KPR) gene (Fig. 15) was sequenced (commonly known to confer IR) in 123 individuals of An.
Vector Control
The Delhi Municipal Corporations accepted the findings of the inquiry and the Honorable Health Minister directed the MHO-MCD that the Domestic Breeding Inspectors (DBCs) should continue the breeding inquiry throughout the year instead of eight months. New Delhi appreciated the research and decided to disseminate the findings of the study to the NVBDCP and other ICMR institutes dealing with dengue and chikungunya.
Insecticide resistance
Irritant effect in Anopheles stephensi strains susceptible to multiple insecticides and resistant to various insecticide-impregnated papers and respective controls Control/ FT50 (min) FT95 (min) Insecticide (n) Susceptible Resistant Susceptible Resistant. n) – number of exposed mosquitoes; OC C–Organochlorine control; OP C – control of organophosphates; PY C–pyrethroid control; FT50 and FT95 - time to take off for 50 and 95% of exposed mosquitoes. The intron region was excluded in the PCR-RFLP design due to the existence of an indel in the intron before T1520, as revealed by sequencing of the cloned PCR product.
New insights into the evolutionary history of Plasmodium falciparum from
The four SNPs (725th, 3289th, 3575th and 3617th) are considered as the diagnostic SNPs to distinguish the Plasmodium species that infect humans from the non-human primates. The remaining two SNPs (276th and 2763th) were found exclusively in the five Plasmodium falciparum (PfIndia*) isolates and also in many different species of Plasmodium infecting non-human primates, including Indian P .
Molecular evidence of Plasmodium vivax mono and mixed malaria parasite
This SNP was closely associated with two other novel SNPs found exclusively in these five Indian isolates. Overall, while the results of the mt genome sequence analyzes of Indian isolates contribute to the current understanding of the evolutionary history of P.
Optimization of ion Torrent to study complexity of infection in Plasmodium
In continuation of the previous work, clinical parasite samples were collected from different geographical regions of India and the genetic polymorphism of PvIspE gene among Indian isolates was studied. Also, 3-dimensional models of the PvIspE protein were generated with detailed description of active site (Fig. 10).
Molecular characterization of novel Plasmodium proteins: An excellent
Parasite samples were collected from different geographical regions (Delhi, Jabalpur, Sonapur, Nadiad, Rourkela, Chennai and Bengaluru) in India to study the genetic polymorphism of the PMT gene of both P. As the crystal structure of PfPMT in complex with co-crystallized phosphocholine is available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), knowledge of the phosphocholine binding pocket within the PfPMT protein structure was used to plot 3-D coordinates for the binding pocket in computational compound screening (Figure 13).
Gametocyte production and expression of Pfs25 gene in field isolates of Plasmodium
The expression of the Pfs25 gene in the modified field isolates was also analyzed in vitro. Immune response during lethal malarial parasite infection (P. berghei) and non-lethal parasite (P. chabaudi) was studied in the context of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Epidemiological studies for establishing immunological correlates of protection
Comprehensive case management pilot programme in Odisha, India
The capacity of ASHAs, which are an integral part of the community-level healthcare system, has been significantly enhanced through ongoing capacity building in malaria diagnosis, treatment, case reporting and follow-up. CCMP has led to a significant increase in access to diagnosis and treatment in all areas of intervention.
Health impact assessment of Narmada Basin dams and resettlement and
In all intervention areas, the number of detected cases increased, except in the low endemic blocks of Bolangir, where 74% was seen. Some technical problems were found in the form of dam leaks, damaged canals and blockages with vegetation and stones in the command areas of all projects.
Spatio-epidemiological analysis of dengue in Delhi
In all the sites studied during the transmission season, solid waste was observed to be the most preferred breeding site, while overhead tanks (OHTs) and curing tanks were found to be the most preferred breeding containers during the non-transmission season. Plastic containers (29%) in low income group (LIG); solid waste (27%) and plastic containers (26%) in middle income group (MIG); and solid waste (27%) and curing tanks (21%) in high income group (HIG) were found to be the most preferred breeding containers for Ae.
Isolation of dengue virus from Aedes aegypti in Delhi
A door-to-door entomological survey (Fig. 6) was conducted to find out the Aedes brood in all types of water-filled containers found in and around houses and their premises, and immature stages of Aedes mosquitoes were collected.
Evidence-based assessment of biophysical determinants of malaria in the north-
The projection of the likely months of malaria transmission by a mathematical model, based on generated temperature data in the research villages and input from the PRECIS model, showed that in 2030 and 2070 there is an expected increase in the number of VAs of 2–3 months to be expected. The overall findings showed that climatic conditions are changing compared to 1960 and 1990 and that hilly areas show signs of malaria transmission even in the months of November and January when outside temperatures are not conducive.
Mapping of malaria risk in the context of climate change in India
Based on the daily temperature data generated at all the study locations, it was found that over a period of three years, there were noticeable changes in temperature in the study areas of Karbi-Anglong and Almora districts etc. up to 2.69 °C. Based on daily temperature data, it was possible to determine the days required to complete sporogonic cycles, providing an answer to the high endemicity of malaria in Ranchi (Jharkhand) versus Bokajan (Assam).
Establishment of a WHO-recognized laboratory for quality assurance of malaria
A consultant appointed by WHO visited the laboratory to assess performance according to WHO SOPs.
Routine surveillance of the efficacy of two combinations in three sentinel sites across
The study areas include Lunglei district (Mizoram), Changlang district (Arunachal Pradesh) and Gomati district (Tripura) in the NE region (Fig. 1). These studies have shown that the efficacy of ACT-AL ranged from 88.4-100% in three countries.
Effective and safe interventions for prevention of malaria in pregnancy in India
Data collection for component B was completed in November 2014 and data analysis will be completed by June 2015. The healthcare professionals as well as the community of Murhu block showed a very positive response to IST implementation. Across all data collection methods, adherence to national guidelines for malaria case management and maternal health services was inadequate.
Biochemical and molecular analysis of G6PD deficiency in selected sites of India
Studying artemisinin resistance in selected malaria endemic sites of India
Real-time PCR was performed on 27 of a total of 42 samples, including all error samples (n=6) and those with parasitemia ≥10,000/µl of blood. The results showed that 12 samples at the Odisha study site (n=43), while three samples at the Arunachal Pradesh study site (n=27) increased PCT according to the combined results of microscopy and real-time PCR.
Effect of residual antimalarials in malaria patients enrolled for therapeutic efficacy
Therefore, a high failure rate of 21.4% was observed in isolates from Arunachal Pradesh. Studies in riverine and non-rivine villages have shown differences in the abundance, distribution, behavior and seasonality of the malaria vectors Anopheles culicifacies, An.
Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
A WHOPES-supported project to evaluate the efficacy and duration of efficacy of the biolarvicide Bactivec® SC (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis SH-14) has begun. A field study was initiated to understand the dynamics of malaria in Thiruvottriyur, an endemic area introduced in 2012 by the Chennai Corporation.
Guwahati (Assam)
Hardwar (Uttarakhand)
Monitoring of existing intervention tools/..methods for their optimal use in the Malaria Reduction Program in Rameswaram Island, Tamil Nadu was undertaken.
Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh)
Nadiad (Gujarat)
NIMR FU Nadiad is a site for the Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India project funded by the NIH, USA. A multi-site observational study was undertaken to explore the clinical spectrum, outcomes and management of severe malaria in selected tertiary health facilities.
Panaji (Goa)
A study of the impact of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors on the effectiveness of the combination of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and durable insecticidal nets (LLINs) in India: A multidisciplinary approach was conducted. The project has been launched in 80 clusters (villages) of Keshkal block in Kondagaon district of south Chhattisgarh.
Ranchi (Jharkhand)
Filariasis survey was conducted in West Singhbhum district (Jhinkpani PHC) of Jharkhand state in the month of May 2014. In 2008, under the World Bank project, basic household surveys were conducted in 8 blocks of Jharkhand state and surveys completed, data analyzed and final report submitted.
Rourkela (Odisha)
A total of 276 patients attended the Malaria Clinic during the year 2014-15, of which 38 cases were found positive for malaria, of these 11 cases were positive for P. In the year April 2014 to March 2015, three surveys were carried out in those places where the dengue cases have been reported.
Animal House Facility
Repository of Biological Materials
Hepatoma cell line: Hep G2 A16 used in in vitro cultivation of the exo-erythrocytic stage of malaria parasites.
Library and Information Centre
Bionomics of malaria vectors and their sibling species, and establish their role in malaria transmission in Chhattisgarh, India in collaboration with NIRTH, Jabalpur, India. Establishment of a WHO recognized laboratory for Quality Assurance of Malaria RDTs in collaboration with Dr GS Sonal and Dr Awdhesh Kumar, NVBDCP.
Ph.D. Programme
Students registered for Ph.D. Programme
Training Courses organized
Occurrence of multiple chloroquine-resistant Pfcrt haplotypes and emergence of the S(eight)VMNT type in Cameroonian Plasmodium falciparum. In addition to above, the Division also undertook the publication of multicolored Annual Reports of the Institute (NIMR) as well as IDVC project for the financial year 2014–15.
Seminars/Conferences/Workshops/
Attended the Meeting of the Technical Specification Committee of the Miltefosine Capsule chaired by DGHS (PH) at Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi on 16 January 2014. Attended the Technical Resource Group (TRG) Meeting on Household Research on Malaria in Endemic Districts from seven northeastern states under the Global Fund supported Integrated Malaria Control Project-II (IMCP-II) at NIHFW, New Delhi on May 15, 2014.
Books edited
Professor, Department of Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi–110 029 Dr Rashmi Arora.
Building Advisory Committee
Human Ethics Committee
Publication Advisory Commitee for JVBD
डॉ। अपरूप दास डॉ. ज्योति दास डॉ. एके मिश्रा डाॅ. नीलिमा मिश्रा डॉ. पीके मित्तल मेवरू रेखा सक्सैना डाॅ. रणवीर सिंह डॉ. एचसी श्रीवास्तव. डॉ। राम दास श्री भागीरथ लाल डाॅ. हिम्मत सिंह आईडीवीसी प्रोजेक्ट स्टाफ वरिष्ठ अनुसंधान वैज्ञानिक डॉ. डॉ. हेमन्त कुमार एसके चंद डॉ. जीडीपी दत्ता डॉ. एस हक डॉ. ए जयसवाल डॉ. राज कुमार डॉ. एके मोहंती, डॉ. के पधान डॉ. केजे रवीन्द्रन डॉ. अजय सक्सैना डॉ. एसपी सिंह डाॅ. एसएन तिवारी.
