Genetic and molecular characterization of tetra QTL pyramids of Pusa 44 with tolerance to reproductive stage drought stress. Majority of the Pusa 44 drought QTL pyramid NiLs were found to perform at par with Pusa 44 under irrigation control, while they were found significantly better than Pusa 44 under RSDS.
SWEET gene family in maize (Zea mays L.): Identification, evolutionary analysis, and functional characterization under abiotic stresses
The intensity of heat stress was more pronounced for traits, namely PL, BY, GY, GWS, GS, DSE and DA, and less pronounced for traits, namely NDVi, PH, SL and SLS. Based on the heat sensitivity index, heat tolerant genotypes (<0.5) were identified for component traits such as 25 accessions for GS, 30 accessions for GWS, 45 accessions for TGW, 15 accessions for BY and GY.
Assessment of genetic variation in Horse Gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) Verdc.] genotypes for tolerance to phosphorus deficiency
Biotic stress tolerance
Marker assisted pyramiding of Foc genes for developing wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri) resistant elite chickpea lines
Study on genetics of white rust resistance and molecular mapping of underlying gene(s) in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss]
Mapping of leaf rust resistance genes in Triticum spelta and Triticum monococcum derived lines in wheat. Molecular characterization and genome-wide association studies for leaf rust resistance in Triticum dicoccum germplasm accessions.
Molecular characterization and genome wide association studies for leaf rust resistance in Triticum dicoccum germplasm accessions
Genetic analysis of F1, F2 and F2:3 derived from DTM64-8 and local cross Malvi showed dominant inheritance for leaf rust resistance, named as LrTm64-8. Validation for the leaf rust resistance gene Lr53 confirmed that the seven broad-spectrum resistance germplasm lines do not carry Lr53 in them.
Characterization of NILs carrying adult plant rust resistance genes in wheat
The 174 germplasm lines when initially screened for leaf rust resistance against pathotype 77-5 identified immunity to highly resistant individuals, which were further subjected to single race testing. Therefore, selected germplasm lines can be a new source of leaf rust resistance and, further, can be explored to identify and map new broad-spectrum R genes.
Genetic analysis of yellow rust resistance in wheat primary genepool derivatives
Thus, yellow rust resistance in TSD858 is due to the presence of a single dominant gene, while in TTD533 it is due to a recessive gene. To confirm the novelty of this yellow rust resistance gene, molecular marker analysis was performed.
Transcriptomics for identification of differentially expressed genes associated with rice root knot nematode resistance
For resistance gene mapping and isolation, the recombinant inbred lines (RiLs) are most suitable.
Molecular characterization of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium udum) responsive host genes in contrasting pigeonpea genotypes
Quality traits improvement
Inheritance and molecular mapping of seed traits in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Genetics of seed coat color and QTL mapping and identification of underlying key candidate genes for seed shape and 100 seed weight in soybean were thus successfully performed in this work. These study findings would be very useful in marker breeding to develop soybean varieties with improved seed weight and desired seed shape.
Enhancement of grain amylopectin in maize through marker-aided introgression of waxy1 gene into elite genotypes
Genetic and molecular analysis of α-tocopherol content in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss]
Cloning and sequencing results revealed the length of the gene, which was 2323 and 2321 bp in RLC3 and NPJ203, respectively. The results showed that the marker segregated according to the Mendelian rule (1:2:1) in the F2 population.
Genetic characterization and molecular mapping for γ-oryzanol and its components in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Using these SNPs, PCR-based allele-specific primers for α-tocopherol content were developed. The expression level of VTE4 gene in NPJ203 was higher than the RLC3 in all the tissues (leaves, flower buds and immature seeds) studied.
Identification of marker(s), biochemical parameters, genes and pathways regulating the seed size in lentil (Lens culinaris medik.)
In bulk segregation analysis (BSA), the marker PBALC449 differentiated only the parents and small seed size, whereas the large seed fraction or individual plants comprising the large seed fraction could not be differentiated. Various seed morphological traits such as surface area, length, width, compactness, volume, girth, etc., when measured using VideometerLab 4.0 showed significant differences for parents and RILs.
Genetic diversity and stage specific micronutrient concentration and antioxidant analysis among different mungbean microgreens
Improvement of other economic traits
Genetic diversity analysis in Brassica juncea (Brassicaceae) germplasm using phenotypic differences and molecular markers
Genetic diversity using the phenotypic data revealed that the genotypes were grouped into five clusters and the most diverse cluster was cluster II (6.29). Molecular genetic diversity of the 269 genotypes using 101 molecular markers (89 SSRs and 12 IPs) grouped the genotypes into five clusters.
Morphological and molecular characterization of rice germplasm and screening for the presence of fertility restorer genes
A high inter-cluster distance (D2) was recorded between cluster ii and cluster iV (15.68), both clusters can be used in hybridization breeding programs. MTA revealed a marker (Na10A08) significantly associated with the seed yield per plant in aggregate data analysis.
Marker assisted identification of restorers and assessment of heterotic potential in wide compatible rice genotypes
Morphological and molecular characterization of rice germplasm and screening for the presence of fertility restoration genes. Assessment of genetic diversity and polymorphisms associated with key domestication genes in rice germplasm collected from river ecology in Assam.
Assessment of genetic diversity and polymorphisms associated with key domestication genes in rice germplasm collected from riverine ecology of Assam
The efficiency of fertility-restoring genes suggested that Rf4 alone restores more fertility compared to Rf3 in all backgrounds.
Assessment of genetic variability and molecular marker profiling of the Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum Percival) accessions
Cluster analysis grouped all the genotypes into five clusters with all released varieties in a single cluster. The lines viz. Sona moti, Nanhe Samrat, Suikervry, TS 49 and TS wellington which are currently available to the farmers and are under cultivation in a very small area, have exactly the same genetic structure.
Genetic diversity assessment in horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) germplasm for agro- morphological and nutritional attributes
For genotypes with high NDVI value and low canopy temperature (CT), eg, PAU TS8, PAU TS18, TS66, etc. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree revealed that the entire panel was divided into seven widely distributed groups/clusters with 2 to 8 subgroups in most clusters.
List of contributing students and Chairperson of their advisory Committee
Genome wide association studies in PGR
Genome-wide association study to identify QTNs for quality traits, seed parameters and yield related traits in bread wheat under heat stress regime
Genome-wide association study to identify QTNs for quality traits, seed parameters and yield-related traits in bread wheat under heat stress regime. Genome-wide association study to identify significant MTAs for seedling establishment traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Genome-wide association study to identify significant MTAs for seedling establishment traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Assessment of genetic variation and allele mining for quality traits in aromatic rice landraces from Indo-Gangetic plains of India
Geo- referencing of PGR
The present study was performed on 928 germplasm accessions from different taxa of the wild genus Vigna, conserved and expanded through collaborative explorations. Significant collection gaps have been identified in 15 taxa of wild Vigna that are not collected or conserved at the iNGB.
Cryo-conservation protocols development
Literature/passport data analysis revealed that out of 34, nine taxa of wild Vigna genus have been identified as sources of tolerance to major abiotic and biotic stresses viz. Habitat prediction studies show that in the future all wild Vigna species will face the challenge of increasing climate change and loss of their natural habitats.
Transcriptomes changes during cryopreservation stages of banana meristems
A ratio of 1:6.5 number of nodules was achieved on the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 BAP within 3 months. The plants regenerated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 of BAP and Kn applied individually were tested and compared with the parent stock culture using 48 iSSR markers.
Pollen cryopreservation and cross-compatibility studies to overcome wide hybridization barriers in selected leguminous species
Taxonomic studies in PGR
- No. Name of the
Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is the most popular warm-season vegetable crop and is widely cultivated in South Asia, Southeast Asia and few African countries. With the existing uncertainty about identities of wild relatives, the present study deals with the identity of Solanum melongena var.
Seed Science and Technology
Theme 1. Seed production technology
Comparative analysis of planting value of conventional and Indian quality mustard produced under heat stress conditions
Physico-chemical basis of hardseededness in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Feasibility studies on tomato hybrid seed production under Northern Indian plains
Overall, the present study has opened up the possibility of hybrid tomato seed production in Northern parts of India; however, it can be validated in other Northern states of India. The SSR molecular marker technology has been found to be reliable for determining the genetic purity of hybrid tomato seeds.
Comparison between hard and soft wheat genotypes for seed traits and susceptibility to storage pests
Effectiveness of plant growth regulators in improving lodging resistance and their effect on seed traits in wheat
Seed Quality Enhancement
Enhancing zinc use efficiency in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) through seed treatments
Effect of priming techniques on seed quality enhancement of lentil and their efficacy under heat stress
Seed Pathology
Effect of chilli fruit rot on seed quality and development of integrated ecofriendly management strategies
Effect of chilli fruit rot on seed quality and development of integrated eco-friendly management strategies. The studies on management strategy against fruit rot of chilli revealed that under chemical treatments, seed treatment and seedling dip of Carbendazim + Mancozeb and under biological treatments seed treatment, seedling dip and one spray of T.
Effect of mosaic and mottle disease on yield and seed quality parameters of soybean
Effect of soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus on yield and seed quality parameters of soybean Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV) belongs to the genus Gammacarmovirus (family
Varietal Identification and Characterization
Identification of rice varieties using image analysis and machine learning methods
Using multi-spectral image analysis to evaluate seed morphological and quality traits in diverse rice accessions
Correlation results show that the mean reflectance values in eight specific spectral bands (CB1 to CB8) obtained from multi-spectral analysis showed high negative correlation with the visually assessed seed coat color score based on the seed coat color scale. . Principal component analysis (PCA) based on reflectance values in 19 spectral bands from multi-spectral analysis explained about 98% variation by the first two principal components and could group 886 rice accessions into five different seed coat color groups.
Characterization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes using morphological and biochemical parameters
Genetic analysis by several researchers indicates that seed coat color is due to the deposition of secondary metabolites especially flavonoids and anthocyanins in the maternal seed coat/pericarp tissue. Biochemical estimation of total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) in selected rice accessions (n=57) representing five distinct seed coat colors showed large variation in the concentration of these compounds among the genotypes.
School of
Crop Protection
Agricultural Chemicals
Development of agrochemicals and formulations
Development of innovative biocontrol formulations based on agriwaste derived nanocellulose for chickpea wilt disease management
In vitro nitrification inhibitory study after 28 days of incubation showed very good nitrification inhibition (up to 74%). In-vivo nitrification inhibitory study revealed that the test compounds showed better efficiency in improving nitrification inhibition in soil compared to NCU and DCD with higher retention of ammonium-N in soil.
Isolation, characterization and valorisation of functional carbohydrates from tubers of pachyrhizus erosus and peels of citrus sinensis
The five best performing compounds were selected and screened for nitrification inhibition under field conditions in rice. Nitrous oxide and methane emission were also decreased with the test compounds compared to the control NCU and DCD.
Biopolymeric formulation of lutein for its application as natural food colorant
Water-soluble powder formulations of xanthophylls were prepared by lyophilization of oil-in-water microemulsions stabilized with biopolymers. An accelerated storage stability study recommended the safe use and storage of powder formulations at subzero temperatures.
Synthesis and antifungal activity of imines derived from halogen substituted benzenamines
Easily water soluble powder formulations were analyzed for their color expression in aqueous solution. The powder formulations exhibited high antioxidant activities and significant bioavailability under simulated in-vitro conditions.
Synthesis of functionalised amphiphilic copolymers for the encapsulation of chlorantraniliprole The present study synthesized structurally well-defined novel functionalized amphiphilic polymers and to
Based on thermodynamic stability, dispersion, droplet dimensions and color expression, three microemulsions were selected for the preparation of freeze-dried powder formulations. The powder formulations prepared in this study addressed the insolubility issue of lutein esters and were found to produce transparent aqueous solutions.
Chemotypes variation and nematicidal activity of the oil from Allium sativum L. genotype
Assessment and management of contaminants
Development and application of molecularly imprinted polymers for selective removal of tricyclazole and clothianidin from environmental matrices
Computational chemistry assisted synthesis of metal organic framework(s) for removal of fungicide(s) from aqueous matrices
Assessment of the fate of sulfamethoxypyridazine in soil and water
List of Contributing Students and Chairperson of their Advisory Committee
Entomology
Insect systematics
Biosystematic studies on subfamily Olethreutinae (Tortricidae:Lepidoptera) of Southern Karnataka The Tortricidae is a highly diverse and widespread family, solely representing the superfamily Tortricoidea
Biosystematic studies on subfamily Evacanthinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from India
The compiled annotated checklist for subfamily Evacanthinae indicated that only 3 out of 5 tribes have been recorded from India till date. Phylogenetic analysis performed using three gene regions namely mtCo1, 28Sd2, Histone (H3) indicated the paraphyletic nature of the tribes Evacanthini, Nirvanini and Balbillini of the subfamily Evacanthinae.
Biosystematic studies on leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) species associated with Bamboo from India
Insect Pest management
Evaluation of eco-friendly pest management techniques for promoting organic cultivation of cauliflower
Life tables of both pests, i.e., Lipaphis erysimi and Plutella xylostella were constructed using “TWOSEX-MS Chart” software. The effect of selected intercrops of sweetcorn, calendula (potted marigold), marigold, white daisy, cineraria, mixed flower crops and cauliflower monoculture on the incidence of insect pests and their natural enemies were studied under field conditions which showed that the system of the calendula interculture had a lower number of P.
Factors for resistance in pigeonpea against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis
A field experiment conducted to study the efficacy of selected biopesticides in descending order of persistence of different treatments was spinosad (808.89) > azadirachtin (443.31) > B.
Studies on management of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infesting stored rice
Of the various inert substances assessed for their effectiveness against rice weevils up to 120 days, the application of malathion dust at 5 and 10 percent was again found superior with significant percent mortality among adults and no grain damage, grain weight loss and no population build-up. Of the various herbal products assessed for their effectiveness against rice weevil up to 120 days, custard apple seed powder was found superior by 10 percent with no grain damage, weight loss, population build-up and 82.58 percent adult mortality.
Population dynamics and biointensive pest management module of the litchi insect pest complex from flowering to fruit set stage
Among all the inert powders evaluated for their effectiveness against rice borer adults up to 35 days of treatment, malathion powder was the most effective at both doses (5 and 10%) with 99.59 and 99.86% adult mortality, respectively. While the least (56.16%) adult mortality was observed in cow dung ash treatment at 5% dose.
Temporal abundance and species diversity of pollinators associated with litchi flowering
The rice variety Swarna was found to be susceptible as it recorded maximum grain damage of 20.31, grain weight loss of 10.50 percent and population structure of 45.56 adults. While 5 percent vilayati bhindi leaf powder was found least effective with 37.58 percent adult mortality, 15.31 percent adult mortality (population build-up), 8.16 percent grain damage and 7.24 percent weight loss.
Silencing of Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase and related gene(s) through dsRNA mediated RNAi in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Maximum activity and abundance of pollinators was found in the eastern direction during the mid-flowering period (615 phenological stages) during the morning hours (AM). Correlation and path analysis revealed that pollinator foraging behavior and abundance varied significantly in response to temperature and relative humidity.
Silencing key genes of Thrips palmi for novel management option
Silencing of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase and related genes via dsRNA-mediated RNAi in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Oral administration of Btk29A and COL3A1 resulted in a significant decrease in abundance of mRNA levels by 3.62- and 3.15-fold after 24-h feeding and resulted in 60.00% and 50.90% mortality, respectively, compared to unfed control T .
Screening of putative RNAi targets for Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover) and their functional validation
The study also reported for the first time a negative regulatory role of COL3A1 in tospovirus transmission by T.
Functional role of key genes of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci in begomovirus transmission
Pest natural enemy interactions
Molecular marker based assessment of population structure and dispersal potential of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.)
Studies on efficacy of kairomone gel formulations on bio-control potential of Trichogramma spp., against wheat pink stem borer and chickpea pod borer
Physiological studies
Investigations on parental effect of heat stress in progeny of Spodoptera frugiperda
Toxicological studies
Generating comparative geographical susceptibility data and temperature-toxicity response studies in the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda in Indian context
Toxicity evaluation of contact insecticides against Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)
Pravin Panda 80003 M.Sc Studies on the management of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) infesting stored rice. Priyanshu Pawar 80004 M.Sc Studies on the efficacy of kairomongel formulations on biocontrol potential of Trichogramma spp., against wheat pink stem borer and chickpea pod borer.
Nematology
Nematode diversity and biosystematics
Characterization of some populations of Pratylenchus infecting crops in India
Survey of Root-knot nematodes in Guava orchards of Uttarakhand, UP and Haryana
A total of 25 samples were collected, of which six were from Uttarakhand, 14 from Haryana and five from Uttar Pradesh. The young plants showed no symptoms, but the older plants showed symptoms such as yellowing and browning of the leaves with necrosis at the edge, stunted plant growth, and the roots were found with simple and compound galls based on the severity of the infection.
Characterization and pathogenic potential of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) infecting guava in India
The collected root samples were processed and mature females were used for perineal patterning.
Diversity of fig fruit associated nematodes from in and around Delhi
Effect of long term rice -wheat crop rotation on soil nematode abundance and diversity
Plant-nematode interaction
Understanding the effect of temperature on resistance to Meloidogyne graminicola in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Silencing nematode genes
Hatchability tests of eggs obtained from transgenic lines revealed poor hatchability, i.e., 57.5% compared to 86.5% in control lines. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the morphometry of the juveniles.
Nematode Management
This study aimed to silence the vit-2 gene, which belongs to the vitellogenin gene family and is responsible for producing the abundant amount of yolk needed in eggs for post-embryonic larval development and fertility. However, the qRT-PCR result showed a 5-fold upregulation of the vit-2 target gene from females obtained from the transgenic line, which is in contrast to the phenotypic observations.
Eco-friendly management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and associated bacterial wilt problem of tomato in protected cultivation
Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing dsRNA targeting vit-2 have 59.17% reduction in root galls, 41.75% reduction in the number of adult nematode females, 49% reduction in the number of egg masses and 32.84% reduction in the number of eggs per egg mass shown compared to wild types. Another reason could be that the expression of the gene may be life cycle stage linked, as the gene expresses in the gut of the nematode.
Relationship between Root-Knot Nematode and Microbial Community from the Rhizosphere of Tomato grown under Protected Cultivation
Exploration and evaluation of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) antagonistic bacteria from tomato rhizosphere in polyhouse cultivation
Entomopathogenic nematodes
A molecular investigation of Heterorhabditis nematode factors involved in symbiosis with Photorhabdus bacteria
11554 Ph.D Relationship between root knot nematodes and rhizosphere microbial community of tomatoes grown under protected cultivation. Gowda AP 11556 Ph.D Environmentally friendly management of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) and the associated bacterial wilt problem in tomato in protected cultivation.
Plant Pathology
Disease diagnosis and pathogen characterization
Molecular characterization of rice tungro virus from eastern India and development of a rapid diagnostic assay using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique
Virome profiling of virus(es) /virus-like pathogens from naturally infected pumpkin plants
Current status of cotton leaf curl disease and associated begomovirus complex in cotton growing areas of Northwest India
Morphological and genetic diversity analysis of Bipolaris sorokiniana and identification of resistant sources against spot blotch of wheat
The frequency of dull white/green black colony type was maximum (45%), while brown/dull black suppressed growth colonies showed the minimum frequency (10%) in the B. Based on virulence genes, isolates from Ujjain, Kanpur and Panipat districts showed marked variations in the nucleotide sequence of the SCD1 gene, which correlated with a significant reduction in pathogenicity.
Characterization of Fusarium graminearum isolates for mycotoxins and identification of Fusarium head blight resistance in durum wheat
Maximum sporulation was recorded in Pusa, Bihar isolates and minimum sporulation was observed in Vidisha, MP isolates (BS-8 and BS-1). BS-21 exhibited the highest ADI of 87.97 % while isolate BS-10 showed the lowest ADI of 6.86 %. Multigene analysis was performed using a concatenated sequence of five housekeeping genes, TEF1α, GAPDH, RPB2, BT and ITS.
Molecular characterization and development of high throughput field-based diagnostics for Fusarium fujikuroi causing bakanae of rice
The target gene was amplified only in Fusarium fujikuroi and was not amplified in other spp. The study described pathotypes in Fusarium fujikuroi and identified SNPs in housekeeping genes that require further validation.
Characterization, diversity and virulence profiling of Burkholderia glumae strains from Indian hot spot regions causing bacterial panicle blight of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
The study culminated in the development of a new rapid nucleic acid isolation technique followed by amplification of Fusarium fujikuroi, applicable to fungal pathogens and lateral flow detection for Fusarium fujikuroi. Further characterization of the pathotypes and validation of the detection technique will be useful for seed testing and field detection of the bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi and its management.
Molecular phylogenetic diversity and identification of signature sequences for pathogenic species within Fusarium solani species complex
The study focuses on the toxic genes that produce toxoflavin, a major determinant of virulence, their production capacity and their correlation with the pathogenicity of the respective strains and its relation to disease production. This is the first report of species-specific markers in Fusarium solani that can be specifically detected among different FSSC members.
Genetic diversity of phytoplasma associated with stone fruits, its natural reservoirs and development of rapid diagnostics
Depending on the severity of the disease and aggressiveness on tomato plants, the species are classified as weak pathogens (F. striatum, F. petroliphilum and F. cyanescens), pathogens that cause moderate damage (F. falciforme, F. solani and F. solani f . sp. mori) and pathogens that cause severe damage to tomato plants (F. vanettenii, F. metavorans and F. . breve). Three species-specific primers, FU_FAL3/FU_FAL2, FU_MET1/FU_MET2 and FU_STR1/FU_STR2, were designed in vitro to detect the most prevalent types of FSSCs, viz. F.falciforme, F.
Serological assay for broad spectrum diagnosis and fingerprinting pattern for specific diagnosis of important begomoviruses in India
Host Plant Resistance
Evaluation of OsCKX2 and OsSBE1 edited rice lines for response to blast disease incited by Magnaporthe oryzae
Phenotyping and molecular screening of rice landraces from north-eastern India for blast resistance A panel of 166 unexplored rice landraces from the diverse ecology of north-east indian states of Assam (88)
The relationship between the presence of R genes and disease reaction showed that the presence of Pi2, Pi9 and Pi54 alone or in combination with other genes was associated with resistant reaction at Hazaribag location. Although most of the landraces showed the presence of multiple R genes, a total of three resistant single R rice accessions such as Pi2 (Komal Dhan), Pita2 (MalbhogSali) and Pi54 (Amusumicheghe) were further confirmed by challenge inoculation.
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of leaf rust resistance in some wheat materials
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of resistance in finger millet to blast disease caused by pyricularia grisea
Disease management
Studies on plant associated yeasts with antagonistic potential against banana anthracnose
Antagonistic activities such as production of volatile compounds were prominent in yeast isolate LE-1, and also all three antagonistic yeasts showed positive for the production of the hydrolytic enzyme (cellulase, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase). During the in vivo assay, all three isolates showed reduction in disease compared to control, with isolates LE-1 showing maximum reduction.
Morpho-pathogenic and genetic analysis of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Paecilomyces species, and their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato
Among them, only four isolates (KG-1, PO-2, LE-1 and TO-1) showed more than 50% inhibition of radial growth inhibition in Colletotrichum spp. Based on morphological and molecular identification, yeast isolates LE-1 were confirmed as Hanseniaspora uvarm, KG-1 as Aureobasidium pullulans and PO-2 as Trichosporon asahii.
Studies on leaf endophytic Bacillus mediated suppression of blast disease on rice
Based on morphological and molecular identification, yeast isolates LE-1 were confirmed as Hanseniaspora uvarm, KG-1 as Aureobasidium pullulans and PO-2 as Trichosporon asahii. .. pathogenic and genetic analysis of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Paecilomyces species and their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato. velezensis) and OsEnb-ALM-B18 (Bacillus subtilis) as antifungal, OsEnb-PLM-S4 (Bacillus subtilis) and OsEnb-PLM-S6 (Bacillus subtilis) were identified as inducers of systemic resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae. Later, the in vitro antifungal nature of this bacterium was also studied in terms of secreted and volatile metabolomes of compounds that mediated its potential to inhibit mycelial growth and conidial morphological aberrations of the rice blast fungus M.
Population diversity and metabolomics of Beauveria bassiana and their evaluation for virulence against mite (Tetranychus sp.)
After bacterialization, the in planta study of rice seedlings changed the growth phenotype and showed both blast suppressive activity and host defense inducing activity. In addition, DEGs co-expression analysis showed that this bacterium could affect multiple cellular pathways through a network of genes.
Development of a carrier based biocontrol consortium to induce Fusarium wilt resistance in tomato Vascular wilt of tomato caused by either Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. lycopersici (Fol) or Fusarium solani
Confocal laser scanning microscopy using the green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene of the transformed M. The identity of the physiological varieties of the strains was validated by inoculation onto three germplasm lines, EC-814916, FEB-2 and Pusa Rohini, with I -2, I-3 and no I gene, respectively.
Identification, pathophysiology and management of potato dry rot caused by Fusarium spp
Host pathogen interaction
Defense elicitation by Pseudomonas putida BP25 in rice against rice blast incited by Magnaporthe oryzae
Expression analysis of defense related genes in response to elicitors applied on cauliflower against black rot disease
Identification and characterization of candidate pathogenicity factors of Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) inciting sheath blight of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Quantitative variation in fusaric acid production by different isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f
Characterization of Fusarium graminearum isolates for mycotoxins and identification of Fusarium head rust resistance in durum wheat. Genetic and functional characterization of endophytic Microbacterium testaceum against Magnaporthe oryzae causing rice blast disease.
Natural Resource Management
Agricultural Engineering
Resource conservation technologies
Energy studies on power machinery system for selected farm operations
Studies on design and development of solar powered multi-crop thresher
Studies on ergonomic evaluation of battery-assisted weeder
The Ergo-compatible weeder reduced worker heart rates by 8.33 and 5.26% in three sheet cultivators and sweepers, respectively. The oxygen consumption rate of workers in three sheet metal cultivators and a sweep type tool decreased by 21.77% and 14.96%, respectively.
Studies on machine and seedlings parameters for transplanting of bare root onion seedlings
Precision farm equipment
However, there were no significant changes in subjects' twist velocity, sagittal flexion, and lateral velocity during operation of both the existing and modified battery tools. Cut width, depth of cut, operating speed, and noise were similar for existing and modified weed attachments.
Design and development of cumin harvester for small farmers
The optimized values of different operational parameters of the combine viz. cutter bar height, reel height, cutter bar speed, reel speed and forward speed are determined to ensure minimum cutter bar loss, transport loss and breakage loss. The developed harvester was used as manual. drive and battery drive system according to the need and farmer's interest. The cost of machine for hand drive and battery drive system was 45000 and 55000 Rupees respectively. The average field capacity and average field efficiency for battery-powered harvester were 0.06 ha.h- 1 and 61.36%, respectively. The total operating cost of the harvester for hand drive and battery drive system was Rs.2631.28 and Rs.2251.00.
Design and development of a canopy volume based variable rate sprayer for mango orchards A canopy volume based variable rate orchard sprayer was developed by incorporating a LiDAR sensor for real-
For the hand-powered harvester, the average field capacity was 0.047 ha.h-1 and the average field efficiency was 51.02%. Savings in operating costs were 64.05 and 70.24% with the manual and battery-powered system, respectively, compared to the conventional method.
Design and development of precision swinging lance sprayer
The developed ECU was integrated with prototype swinging lance sprayer to regulate the chemical flow rate proportional to the forward speed of the tractor. The spray pattern uniformity coefficients of the developed sprayer were 2.27 and 2.21 with and without ECU, respectively.
Development of sensor-based device for estimation of crop disease severity
The development of the ECU-based oscillating tube sprayer included the study of crop biometric data related to spraying, component design, optimization of operational parameters, on-board control unit design, integration of the on-board control unit for the precision oscillating tube sprayer and its evaluation in green gram. crop. The developed precision oscillating tube dispenser resulted in chemical savings of 44.1% and 75% man-hours compared to the TOG dispenser in addition to eliminating the risk of human exposure to harmful chemicals.
Development of sensor-based site-specific sprayer for disease control in vegetable crops
Design and development of smart trap for insect control in agricultural crops
Development of a camera based real time weedicide applicator
An investigation into the performance of material coated metering plates for a DC motor operated pneumatic planter
A quality nutritional index between 96.772 and 97.289% with a precision index between 4.587 and 4.653% was observed by laboratory tests when using coated seed measuring plates under optimized conditions. A quality food index between 96 and 96.8% with precision index between 4.88 and 5.13% was obtained from a field test using seed-coated measuring plates under optimized conditions.
Investigations on spray characteristics and recycling of spray liquid for tunnel sprayer
Climate Change Impacts and Integrated Water Resources Management
The thickness of the rubber coating, the radial extension of the rubber coating toward the center of the orifice, the diameter of the orifice, the vacuum pressure, and the forward speed were optimized using a similar procedure as before. Optimum vacuum pressure and forward speed were achieved for an orifice diameter of 3 mm, an expanded radius of 1 mm, and a thickness of 0.25 mm.
Hydro-meteorological mapping and modelling of hydrological processes for managing surface and groundwater resources
Sensitivity analysis revealed that NRCS-CN for antecedent moisture condition-II was the most sensitive parameter, followed by baseflow alpha factor, groundwater recharge coefficient, soil evaporation compensation factor, and groundwater lags. Effective planning based on hydrologic modeling, geospatial analysis, and multi-criteria decision analysis can increase the availability of surface and groundwater resources and help improve agricultural land use options.
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to seawater intrusion in coastal aquifer of Malabar region in Kerala
The surface runoff volumes generated were 1067.4 MCM, 682.6 MCM and 1500.3 MCM for Mirzapur, Chandauli and Sonbhadra districts; respectively. A 30% reduction in pumping and meeting the need for surface water stored in a structure was proposed as the best management alternative.
Sustainability of ground water use incentral Punjab under changing climate
The prevailing conditions without management alternatives would move the salinity up to 7.38 km in the aquifer by 2030. The reduced pumping, meeting the demand from the stream and raising the water level in the stream through regulator would improve the groundwater quality in the area.
Spatio-temporal multivariate drought analysis in upper Tapti river sub-basin
IDI performance findings showed the robustness of iDi to monitor all three types of drought. The spatial pattern of drought in the study area was analyzed with the Fuzzy-c-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm. In particular, the SSP 5-8.5 scenario predicted an increasing precipitation pattern and more drought events than the other SSPs.
Runoff and soil loss at high rainfall intensity using mini rainfall simulator
The upper and lower basins of the study area witnessed different types of drought occurrence viz. high severe drought incidence in the lower sub-basin than the upper basin. To study the future drought pattern, restore drought duration and water demand to end corresponding drought events under the climate change aspect, the projection of future drought events was carried out with Coupled Model intercomparison Project-6 (CMiP6) model-based future rainfall data under the four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). , SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5 , SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5 Wm-2.
Water footprints of major vegetable crops in Eastern Gangetic Plains of India
The green WF associated with cabbage production was expected to decrease in the range of 2.5 to 14.22% under different time scales and climate change scenarios. Decision Support System for Irrigation Scheduling of Rice and Wheat in Sultanpur District, Uttar Pradesh.
Decision support system for irrigation scheduling of rice and wheat in the sultanpur district, uttar pradesh
Based on the results of this study, various management strategies at the agricultural, administrative, and governmental levels were proposed to reduce blue WF and improve the efficiency of green water use to reduce blue WF.
Spatiotemporal variation in groundwater development and appropriate management strategies for NCT Delhi
Precision Irrigation
Studies on the effect of deficit irrigation strategies on water use efficiency, yield and quality of garnet (cv. However, its effects have not yet been quantified for garnet (cv. Bhagwa) under shallow basaltic gravel soils.
Modeling of water and nutrient movement for greenhouse chrysanthemum
Water production functions for stress tolerant rootstocks of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) A field study was conductedduringyear 2021-22 to evaluate the interactive effect of grafting of wild rootstocks
Sensor based irrigation scheduling for enhancing water and nitrogen use efficiency in drip fertigated leafy vegetable
Study on transpiration efficiency and water use efficiency of wheat under controlled environment An experiment was carried out to determine evaporation, transpiration, and photosynthesis; to study the
Sensor-based fertigation scheduling for greenhouse tomato
Quality Storage of Agricultural Produce
Development of polypropylene reinforced insecticide incorporated jute bags for safe pulse storage A study was conducted to develop a sustainable, economical and efficient bag storage system for pulses. This
The water vapor transmission rate of the developed reinforced gunny bag was lower (276 g/m2 day) compared to the gunny bag (454 g/m2 day) and therefore the moisture of stored Bengal gram grain did not change during long term storage. The developed polypropylene reinforced jute bag containing insecticides was biodegradable just like the jute bag and thus can serve as a sustainable and environmentally friendly grain storage system.
Studies on prolonged safe storage of potato (Solanum tuberosum l.) in Pusa farm sun fridge
The lack of oxygen in the developed polypropylene reinforced jute bag with insecticide (< 5%), together with the lower water vapor transmission rate and contact toxicity of the developed storage bag material, prevented the growth of insects in the stored grain during the storage period. The high risk of spoilage of stored grain associated with the jute and woven polypropylene bags was minimized to a greater extent by the developed reinforced jute bags.
Development of lac dye based intelligent packaging indicators for real-time freshness monitoring of paneer and mushroom
Value Addition of Agricultural Produce
Development of hydrodynamic cavitation system for enhancing shelf life of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice
Development of ohmic assisted oil extraction technology for enzymatically hydrolyzed black cumin seed
Development of process protocol for infrared drying of apple slices
The performance parameters of the developed system revealed that the accuracy of the device in detecting various categories of paneer is significant (>80%), while the accuracy of the device in detecting category 3 (highly adulterated paneer) is the is highest. The overall correct classification rate of the developed system is high (81.8%), which indicates that the developed system can categorize the paneer and correctly detect forgery in the paneer.
Non-destructive detection of fungal spoilage in maize by reflectance spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging
But the transmission value was observed to be affected by protein complexity, the lowest for paneer made by mixing SMP in liquid milk. The obtained results supported the use of dielectric analysis for panel quality analysis. Thus, a parallel sensor-based capacitive sensing system was developed to detect adulteration by mixing SMP and vegetable oil during panel preparation.
Development of dielectric property-based adulteration detection system for mustard oil
The mixing ratio of argemon oil and mustard oil had a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on the physical properties and dielectric properties of the oil samples. Then the classification performance of the developed system was evaluated based on the frequency of flashes of an LED light which would indicate the level of counterfeiting by the system.
Development of microencapsulation technology for papaya (Caricapapaya l.) leaf extract to enhance stability of bioactive compounds
Development of microencapsulation technology for papaya (Caricapapaya l.) leaf extract to improve stability of bioactive compounds. Anand 21395 M.Tech Development of Sensor Based Site Specific Spray for Disease Control in Vegetable Crops.
Agricultural Physics
Crop pest forewarning
Weather based forewarning models for potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) incidence
Soil physics
Effect of tillage, residue, irrigation and nitrogen management on soil physical properties and root growth in wheat
Crop simulation modelling
Evaluation of crop growth models to optimize the sowing dates of mustard cultivars
The minimum target yield of 2 t ha-1 can be achieved if sowing of Pusa Vijay and Pusa Mustard-21 is done by 4th November and for Pusa Bold sowing can be done by 30th October. Keywords: Mustard crop growth and development, AquaCrop model, infoCrop model, Planting date optimization, Comparison of models.
Mustard yield prediction by machine learning and crop simulation models
Agricultural meteorology
Spatial scale estimation of evapotranspiration and water productivity in wheat using remote sensing through surface energy balance approach
Machine learning approach for estimation of evapotranspiration using meteorological data
The performance of the model developed to estimate ET0 with all three machine learning techniques using (RHM, RHE) and (Tmin, RHM) combination of weather inputs was the worst compared to the other combination for all five stations. ET0 estimated by machine learning techniques using two weather input combinations (Rs,Tmax) and (Rs,Tmin) which perform excellently with RF and SVM and (Tmax,Tmin) with ANN for all five stations.
Effect of advection on canopy energy balance in irrigated maize-wheat rotation
Remote sensing application in agriculture
Crop water use assessment based on surface energy balance by using large aperture scintillometry and remote sensing in a semi-arid region
Assessment of water consumption of crops based on surface energy balance using large aperture scintillometry and remote sensing in a semi-arid area.
Agronomy
Nutrient management
Effect of polyhalite on growth and productivity of wheat under rice-wheat system
Nano urea and herbicides effect on weed and wheat productivity
Effect of potassium management in Indian mustard
Subsequently, conclusions were drawn from the study that the split and foliar application of potassium significantly improved crop growth and development, which ultimately resulted in increased grain yield and net return compared to the control.
Precision nitrogen management for enhancing productivity and profitability of wheat
Effect of nutrient management and herbicide interaction in weed management and yield of wheat crop
Tillage, crop residue and precision nutrient management in wheat under maize-wheat system The findings demonstrated that ZT+R considerably increased the growth parameters of wheat compared
Soil health parameters namely SOC, available N, P, K, MBC, Glomalin, FDA (Fluorescein diacetate) and dehydrogenase activity were higher under ZT+R compared to other crop establishment methods.
Nitrogen management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for acid soils of Jharkhand
Effect of nano-urea and irrigation regimes on wheat
Nutrient management in baby corn-based cropping systems
The BC-BC+Fenugreek-Sweetcorn cropping system had significantly higher system productivity, system GRs, system NRs, and system net BCR than the BC-BC-BC cropping system during both years.
Relative zinc loading ability of rice and wheat varieties in rice-wheat cropping sequence
Development and evaluation of formulations of organic sources of nutrients for different crop sequences
Crop Diversification
The trend in other yield traits (seed siliqua-1, siliqua length) except 1000 seed weight, which remained significantly higher in Pusa Vijay, while in GSC 7 at least 1000 seed weight was recorded. The seed yield, protein yield and maximum oil yield remained significantly higher in PC 6 compared to GSC 7 and Pusa Vijay.
Effect of planting method and strip-intercropping on productivity and resource use efficiency in wheat-based cropping systems
Primary branches remained exceptionally taller in PC 6 (Brassica carinata) under a crop geometry (CG) of 60 cm x 60 cm, closely followed by CG of 45 cm x 45 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm under transplanting. Effect of planting method and strip intercropping on productivity and resource use efficiency in wheat-based cropping systems.
Integrated crop management modules for maize + black gram – wheat cropping system
Weed management
Bio-efficacy and Selectivity of Herbicides in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Effect of nutrient and weed management on productivity and soil microbial properties in aerobic rice-wheat system
Crop growth, yield characteristics and yield of wheat crop were recorded significantly higher with 100% RDF which was equal to 75% RDF + BF and better than control. Thus, 75 % RDF + Biofertilizer consortia application in rice and wheat along with Pyrazosulfuran (PE) fb Bispyribac + almix used in aerobic rice and Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron ready mix used in wheat meets the objective of higher productivity and profitability in aerobic rice cultivation system wheat .
Integrated weed management in vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Conservation agriculture
Tillage, residue and nitrogen effects on weeds, wheat productivity, and soil properties under Conservation Agriculture-based pigeon pea-wheat system
Tillage, residue and weed management effects on a conservation agriculture-based onion-wheat cropping system
Application of pendimethalin (1 kgha-1 PE)fbquizalofop-ethyl (0.05 kgha-1 at 30 DAP) significantly reduced weed density and dry weight compared to the unweeded control in onion. Thus, ZTRB+R combined with the use of pendimethalin (1 kgha-1 PE) fbquizalofopetil (0.05 kgha-1 at 30 DAP) resulted in less weed disturbance, higher system productivity, economic yield and improved soil health can be recommended for onion- wheat production system.
Conservation agriculture and sulphur nutrition effects on productivity and resource use efficiency of rainfed pearl millet
Application of a tank mixture (quizalofop+metsulfuron; quizalofop+ethoxysulfuron) showed yield phytotoxicity in onion, but quizalofop+metsulfuron tank mixture caused the highest yield damage up to 80%. Treatment with pendimethalin fbquizalofop or ethoxysulfuron produced higher wheat grain yield, NR and net B:C in both years.
Weed seed bank dynamics and productivity in a long-term conservation agriculture-based rice- wheat cropping system
Among weed control treatments, the sequential application of pyrazosulfuron fbcyhalofop fbbispyribac resulted in significant reduction in density and dry weight of weeds and resulted in 83%WCE and WCi at 60 DAS in rice. The application of pyrazosulfuron fbcyhalofop fbbispyribac resulted in the highest rice yield (7.03 t ha-1), while wheat yield (6.32 tha-1) was the highest in clodinafop + metsulfuron.
Machine learning evidence-based agronomic practices for higher yield and lower emission in rice- wheat system
Irrigation management
Meena 10423 Ph.D Tillage, residue and weed management effects on a conservation agriculture based onion-wheat cropping system. Ankur Bhakar 11450 Ph.D Effect of nutrient and weed management on productivity and soil microbial properties in aerobic rice-wheat system.
Environmental Sciences
Climate Change
Quantification and simulation of maize-wheat-green gram cropping system response to FYM, nitrogen, phosphorus and climate change
Effect of Ozone and Carbon Dioxide Interaction on Growth, Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Rice: Field and Simulation Studies
Integrated assessment of greenhouse gasemission in rice-wheat cropping system
Soil carbon, nitrogen pools and GHGs emission under different land use systems of Hazaribagh, Jharkhand
The four land use systems taken were: Native Forest (NF), Agroforestry (AGF), Agricultural Upland (AU) and Agricultural Lowland (AL). However, no significant variations were found in nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents under different land use systems.
Carbon Sequestration in Mango, Coconut, and Pomegranate Orchards in a Semi-Arid Region An increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere can perturb the ecological balance
Gas samples were collected at an interval of 15 days during the study period (6 December 2021 to 8 March 2022) from different land use systems (Site 1) for the estimation of GHG emissions with thorough investigation of biological and physico-chemical properties to correlate between GHG - determine emissions and regulatory factors. However, higher SOC and C stocks were observed in NF at subsurface depths (30-45 and 45-60 cm) than other land use systems.
Quantification of Greenhouse and Ammonia Gas Emissions from Different Cattle Manure Management Systems
Impact of elevated ozone, carbon dioxide and their interaction on growth, yield, and reproductive behavior in Indian Mustard
Interactive effect of elevated CO 2 , temperature and N fertilizer on gaseous N fluxes and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat
Greenhouse gas emission under different rice residue management practices using Pusa Decomposer in succeeding wheat crop
Ecosystem services
Quantification of Ecosystem Services in Conservation Agriculture under Maize-Wheat Mungbean Cropping System
Environmental biotechnology (Abiotic stress)
Water Deficit Response of Soybean Plants Differing in Ethylene Sensitivity
Waste management
Evaluation of Antifungal Potential of Lacto-fermented Agricultural Byproducts
Effect of bioslurry on soil properties, yield and nutritional quality of pea (Pisum sativum L.) Bioslurry has a good potential to serve as a substitute for inorganic fertilizer and also offers an excellent method
Effect of bioslurry on soil properties, yield and nutritional quality of pea (Pisum sativum L.) Bioslurry has a good potential to serve as a substitute for inorganic fertilizers and also offers an excellent method. Greenhouse gas emission under different rice residue management practices using Pusa Decomposer in the succeeding wheat crop.
Microbiology
Microbial management of abiotic stress in agriculture
Assessment of Actinobacteria for Plant Growth Promotion in Aerobic Rice under Water Deficit- Stress
Interactions between stress tolerant bacteria and wheat under simultaneous acidic and drought stress
Plant-microbe interaction for crop growth promotion
Evaluation of native Mesorhizobial population and inoculation effect on growth and symbiotic response of chickpea grown after rice
Prospecting the diversity and abundance of diazotrophs in Jharkhand soils for the development of region-specific microbial inoculants
The seed treatments included the use of individual cultures and combinations of B1+B2, as well as Azotobacter sp. A significant improvement of 15-20% in soil N and organic C availability, as well as in plant biometric and physiological traits, illustrated the superior performance of B1 and the combination of B1+B2.
Exploring the potential of cyanobacteria in soil carbon dynamics and enhancing plant vigor in tomato
Prospecting the potential of cyanobacterial biofilms as options for Fe and Zn mobilization in Maize (Zea mays L.)
A significant 4.3-fold increase in exopolysaccharides in An-PW5 and 21.42 and 3.30% in total chlorophyll was recorded in An-Tr and An-PW5, respectively, compared to alone. Among all microbial formulations, cyanobacterial biofilms - An-Tr and An-PW5 improved the mobilization of Fe and/or Zn and their translocation into corn grains.
Development of consortia for wheat with bacteria producing IAA through tryptophan dependent and independent pathways
Mesocosm and field experiments with maize crops conducted in kharif 2019 and 2020 showed that An-Tr led to a 14- and 3.3-fold increase in soil nitrogenase activity and chlorophyll, respectively, over RDF, at mid-vegetative stage, while Pusa Vivek QPM9 Improved showed 1.2 -1.5 times increase in nitrogenase activity. Kernel iron content increased significantly in An-Tr and An-PW5 treatments, which was attributed to the increased root ferric chelate reductase activity.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis under conservation agriculture in relation to soil carbon sequestration
Non-targeted GC-MS analyzes revealed significant modulation of metabolite profiles in cyanobacterial biofilms compared to partners. Addition of crop residues to ZT favored recalcitrant C accumulation, as ZT75%N +CR had the highest total soil extractable glomalin (TEG) content in the wheat crop.
Effect of exogenous addition of phytohormones and secondary metabolites
Bioprospecting microorganisms for value added products and bioremediation Enhancing the carotenoid production in selected cyanobacteria by modulating cultural and
Further, the selected strains were grown in different combinations of nutrient conditions, incubated under different light intensity, light duration and temperature. Significant increases in biomass as well as carotenoid content were also observed in Nostoc sp.
Purification, characterization and stability comparison of natural variants of cyanobacterial phycocyanin
The optimized culture conditions to increase carotenoid synthesis during the different growth phases consisted of nitrate (4 g L-1), phosphate (0.55 g L-1) and NaCl (1.25 g L-1) for Spirulina sp. The optimized culture conditions for promoting carotenoid accumulation consisted of phosphate (0.06 g L-1) and NaCl (25 mM).
Extraction and characterization of phycobiliproteins from Oscillatoria sp
Biofortification of probiotic yoghurt using microalga Spirulina
Exploration of efficient fungi and their consortium for enhanced degradation of major phthalate esters (PAEs) from contaminated soil
Both isolates SDBP4 and SDEHP2 were combined (1:1 v/v) and used as a double culture for PAE degradation. Further, after inoculation of double culture to previously contaminated soil, SLF and CPCT, it was found that both DBP and DEHP were completely degraded by the end of 30 DAi in non-sterilized soil.
Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry
Soil organic carbon dynamics and its stabilization
Soil characterization and organic carbon dynamics under different land use systems of Assam A study was conducted to assess the land use impacts on SOC stock, organic carbon fraction, carbon cycling
Soil organic carbon pools and biological properties under different agricultural production systems in the eastern plateau and hill region
Soil organic carbon pools and aggregate associated carbon under different orchards in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand
Effect of clay minerals and sesquioxides on stabilization of organic carbon in four major soil orders of India
Higher C saturation capacity was found in Vertisol and Mollisol SCFs at 12 g wheat residue kg-1 clay-sand mixture, while Alfisol and Inceptisol SCF had lower C saturation capacity. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Vertisol and Mollisol with 2:1 expanding/limited expanding clays exerted higher specific surface area in Indian soils as well as the presence of divalent cations significantly reduced the soil's potential for higher labile C stabilization enlarged.
Temperature and moisture sensitivity of carbon and carbon cycling enzymes in sludge amended Inceptisol
Highest stabilization of external C input was achieved for Vertisol soil-clay fraction (SCF) followed by Mollisol SCF, whereas Alfisol and Inceptisol SCFs showed similar stabilization capacity. These fine-textured soils have a higher C saturation capacity, which is affected by mineralogy, clay content and sesquioxides.
Impact of conservation agricultural practices on soil organic carbon dynamics under maize- wheat- mungbean cropping system in an Inceptisol
Soil organic carbon dynamics under conservation agriculture based maize-mustard system in an Inceptisol
Impact of conservation agriculture practices on soil organic carbon dynamics under maize-wheat-mung bean cropping system in an Inceptisol. Effect of different organic amendments on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in an acidic soil of Jharkhand.
Effect of different organic amendments on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in an acid soil of Jharkhand
Assessment of soil quality
Assessment of soil quality in major cropping systems of Hazaribagh plateau
The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a tool to create a minimum data set (MDS) for soil quality development. The soil quality index for the total depth of soil following the trend of rice-chickpea > agroforestry > rice-wheat > rice-fallow > urd-mustard > maize-potato cropping systems.
Assessment of resistance and resilience of soils under rice-based cropping system
Synthesis and evaluation of novel fertilizer products
Soil quality index values ranged from 0.61 in maize-potato cropping system to 0.85 in rice-chickpea system. This study concluded that pulse based cropping systems were better with respect to nutrient supply potential, maintenance of soil function and had higher soil quality index value and these SQ indices can be used for screening better cropping systems for Hazaribagh plateau.
Effect of novel nitrogenous fertilizer products on nitrogen dynamics and root characteristics of wheat grown in an Inceptisol
Dynamics of soil phosphorus and enhancing phosphorus supply apacity of soil Enhancing soil phosphorus availability to wheat (Triticum aestivum) and mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Application of silica-rich fly ash with PSM significantly improved P bioavailability in wheat and bean in a pot culture experiment. Therefore, the application of CCA containing 250 mg Si kg-1 combined with PSM and 50% RDP can maintain wheat productivity equivalent to 75% RDP.
Transformation and availability of phosphorus and sulphur in relation to soil organic carbon under long-term nutrient supply options
In both the soils, the soluble and loosely bound P (SL-P) was significantly increased due to the combined application of Si-rich ash and PSM; while the Fe-bound P, Al-bound P as well as Ca-bound P fractions were dissolved to result in the increase in SL-P. Application of corn cob ash (CCA) containing 250 mg Si kg-1 in combination with PSM and 50% HOP increased wheat yield by at least 17% and mung bean yield by at least 28% in those soils.
Dynamics of phosphorus in conservation agriculture under maize-wheat-greengram in a Typic Haplustept
Dynamics and availability of micronutrients in soil
Enhancing availability of soil zinc to rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using low molecular weight organic acids
Soil boron dynamics in rice-wheat cropping system under long-term organic fertilization in an Inceptisol
Soil test based fertilizer recommendation
Development of Integrated Nutrient Management Prescription For Late Sown Wheat And Maize Using Soil Test Crop Response Studies in an Inceptisol
Remediation of polluted soil and water
Development and evaluation of maize based biobed for treating dye-contaminated water for irrigating mung bean
Development of Integrated Nutrient Management Prescription for late-sown wheat and maize using soil test crop response studies in an inceptisol. Development of integrated nutrient management prescription for late-sown wheat and maize using soil test crop response studies in an inceptisol.
Water Science and Technology
Water conservation and crop productivity
Effect of Water Conservation and Nutrient Management Practices on Sorghum Fodder Quality and Productivity in a Horti-Pasture System
Marginal quality water use in agriculture
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals, Soil Health Impacts and Productivity of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) under Irrigation with Heavy Metals Spiked Wastewater
Arresting Nickel Contamination in Soil Using Agricultural Waste under Wastewater Irrigation Water is essential for the sustainability of life on the earth. Under fresh water scarcity, wastewater reuse for
Efficient irrigation technologies for enhancing water and crop productivity Digital tensiometer based irrigation scheduling in garden pea under drip fertigation
The main objective of this experiment was to study the digital tensiometer-based irrigation scheduling; its effect on garden pea growth, yield, quality and root characteristics and their soil moisture distribution. The digital tensiometer sends the electrical signal to the irrigation control unit, which activates the solenoid for irrigation.
Sensor Based Automatic Basin Irrigation System for Enhancing Irrigation Efficiency
Three operational check gate opening and closing schedules were designed to identify the best location and depth of the SMS in the field based on various indicators of irrigation. The results revealed that two separate SMS are required to open and close the check gate automatically.
List of contributing students and chairperson of their advisory committee
This automatic irrigation system achieved irrigation application efficiency >85%, distribution uniformity >0.85, and water requirement efficiency >95% in wheat crop. The results showed that this automatic irrigation system saved about 24.3% of irrigation water than the manually controlled irrigation system in wheat crop.
Basic Sciences
Biochemistry
Characterization and improvement of nutritional/ nutraceutical characteristics of plant-based foods
Enhancement of protein quality and functionality of chickpea- rice- peanut protein isolate blends through thermal processing method
Characterization of phenolics, phytic acid, iron and zinc in pearl millet and deciphering their digestibility pattern under in vitro conditions
Starch structural, physicochemical and rheological comparisons between exotic and indigenous malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes
Exotic genotypes had an advantage in low β-glucan content, high β-amylase activity and high antioxidant activity. The exotic genotypes had superior malt quality mainly in terms of significantly higher activity of amylolytic enzymes and high crispness.
Functional and colour stability analysis of bioactive pigments from carrot during post-harvest processing
The exotic genotypes showed good starch pasting properties with higher viscosity and lower pasting temperatures, which are highly desirable for a good malting barley genotype. Such genotypes can compete with exotic genotypes for use in the brewing industry and can reduce the cost of importing barley.
Characterizing the metabolite and enzyme based rancid behaviour of pearl millet flour for evaluating its nutritional status
Characterization and immobilization of catalytically efficient and soy isoflavone specific β-glucosidase from probiotic microbes
The proteins of these genes showed high glucosidase activity against phosphorylated substrates and lower activity against standard non-phosphorylated substrates.
Development and functional characterization of anthocyanin- fortified fermented soymilk
Theme 2. Analysis and characterization of metabolic pathway genes and enzymes contributing towards higher yield and better nutrition in food crops
Identification and characterization of candidate gene(s) involved in biosynthesis of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFOs) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed
An in-depth understanding of genes involved in RFO biosynthesis and their expression patterns is a prerequisite for the sustainable reduction of RFO content in seeds, without compromising normal plant development and functioning. The temporal expression pattern of these genes was also found in the contrast genotypes, suggesting a change in the preferences of genotypes with high and low RFOs at S1 and S2.
Development and characterization of thermostable wheat RuBisCO activase through protein engineering
This is possibly the first report elucidating the genes of the Raffinose Synthase (RS) family as the major players in RFO biosynthesis in seeds. Selective expression pattern of genes on the homologous chromosome of peanut was also observed in this study.
Unravelling the dynamics of starch granule bio-genesis and enzyme profiles for improved starch quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
A significant positive correlation was found between the degree of crystallinity based on XRD and APC %. Enzymatic activities of starch biosynthesis, accumulation of metabolites and quantitative expression of 20 genes/isoforms of starch biogenesis were studied at 5 stages of endosperm development and 23 days after anthesis (DAA)] in 2 contrasting rice genotypes, NJ-72 : low RS and Ananga; High RS indicated that genes encoding starch branching enzymes (SBE) and starch synthase (SS) activities peaked at 13DAA, while starch branching enzymes (DBE)-isoamylase (ISA) and pullulanase (PUL) were high at 18DAA. Out of a total of 20 genes/isoforms, 1.25-fold upregulation of granule-associated starch synthase I (GBSSI) was observed in Ananga compared to NJ-72 at 18DAA.
List of contributing students and chairpersons of their advisory committee
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Abiotic stress tolerance
Identification of brassino steroid biosynthetic, signaling and responsive genes modulated by high temperature stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Analysis of differential expression of ABA-mediated signaling pathway genes under salt stress and shock in Brassica juncea L
The results support that genes of the abiotic stress-signaling adaptation pathway are involved in a first and rapid wave of cellular responses that precede the second wave of late responses involved in salt stress.
Characterization of heat stress responsive genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Identification and characterization of gene(s) underlying low temperature tolerance in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp)
Biotic stress resistance
Prevalence of candidate insecticidal genes in Indian Bacillus thuringiensis isolates and evaluation of toxicity of Vip3Aa proteins towards lepidopteran pests
Master editing guide RNA design and development of a construct to target OsTFIIAγ5, a susceptibility gene that facilitates bacterial leaf blight in rice. In addition, TFIIAγ5, also known as Xa5, plays the role of a master susceptibility gene by facilitating the interaction of Xanthomonas effectors within the host.
Identification and characterization of bacterial endophytes having potential antimicrobial activities against fusarium wilt in chickpea
The pegRNA expression assembly for the V39E modification was cloned into two binary vectors expressing Nickase and RT, one codon optimized for monocots and another for dicots, thus generating constructs ready to transform rice and for transient expression in rice protoplasts. Furthermore, this work established an efficient protocol for the isolation and transformation of rice protoplast for transient expression assays.
Identification of genes and pathways introgressed from wild species Diplotaxis erucoides in Brassica juncea for developing Alternaria resistance
Molecular and functional analysis of antifungal defensin genes in Brassica juncea and Camelina sativa against Alternaria brassicae
Given the novelty of vWA genes in plants, the vWA family in rice was annotated. Transgenic plants overexpressing the OsvWA36 gene with a constitutive ubiquitin promoter were developed in the susceptible cultivar TP309.
RNAi-Bt combinatorial mediated durable resistance against Helicoverpa armigera
Basic research
Construction of sub-genomic library of low-light tolerant rice cultivar Swarnaprabha for isolation of phytochrome photo-receptors
Cloning and characterization of ‘Hinge region’ of Phytochrome-A in low light perception and signaling in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
The serine and threonine residues (the sites of phosphorylation) in the 'hinge region' of PHYA can be mutated to some other residues using site-directed mutagenesis approach and the functional defects of these mutant PHYA to enhance the far-red light response under low to cause. -light conditions and signal modulation in rice need to be addressed in further studies. A CRiSPR/Cas9 construct was developed for targeting the ccd1 gene and transient expression of this construct was checked in the rice callus by checking the hygromycin resistance of the transformed rice callus.
Cloning and characterization of “phytochrome” gene from low-light tolerant rice cultivar Swarnaprabha
Tissue- and growth-stage-specific carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase1 (ccd1) gene expression in maize. Nearly 300 million people in the world depend on corn-based diets. People Over-Dependent Nearly 300 million people in the world depend on corn-based diets.
Dissecting the molecular network regulating high grain number phenotype in qGN4.1 QTL-NILs of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
The use of plant tissue culture and genetic engineering techniques in maize is made easier by this effective method of regeneration. The present study was successful in establishing a genetic transformation protocol for tropical maize germplasm that is independent of in planta tissue culture. The technique avoids time-consuming plant tissue culture processes, which also removes the possibility of somaclonal variation introduced by in vitro culture. The process of genetic transformation in plants is simple to use and can also be investigated in other plants.
Characterization of promoter of isoflavone synthase gene in grain legumes
LOC_Os04g5250 encodes a protein kinase domain-containing protein and is upregulated in the SM-NiLs. The differential regulation of these two genes provides the first line of evidence for their involvement in the regulation of the panicle structure and high grain number phenotype of SM-NiLs.
Identification and characterization of seed storage protein genes in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.)
The study also identified 07 unique transcripts for Kunitz trypsin protease inhibitor precursor, 01 transcript each for ricin B-like lectin, Glym Bd 28K, profilin-2, napin type 2S albumin 1 and conglutin beta 7, and 04 unique transcripts for P24 oleosin in winged beans. Spatio-temporal quantitative relative expression analysis of major genes associated with allergenicity showed that most genes are expressed maximally after 10 DAA in both seeds and pods, which may explain why winged beans are preferred for early consumption.
Evaluating the doses impact of calcium oxide nanoparticles on the gene expression profile of chickpea
Cloning and characterization of the phytochrome-A 'hinge region' in low light perception and signaling in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Molecular and functional analysis of antifungal defense genes in Brassica juncea and Camelina sativa against Alternaria brassicae.
Plant Physiology
Plant nutrition
Interactive effects of elevated CO 2 , high temperature and phosphorus on plant growth, grain yield and nutritional quality in wheat
Drought and heat stress
Physiological analysis of root traits and architecture for adaptability and yield under water deficit stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Evaluation of pod pedicel as a component trait to facilitate photosynthate supply to developing seeds during soil moisture depletion in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Physiological analysis of root traits and architecture for adaptation and yield under water deficit stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Physiological analysis of photosynthesis and its component traits under high temperature stress in rice
Effect of post-anthesis high night temperature on starch and protein metabolism in developing grains of late sown wheat
Accumulation of gliadin (α, β, γ) and glutenin subfractions (high - low molecular weight) showed differential responses between genotypes under HNT. Interactive role of sucrose, ROS and auxin during female gametophyte development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at high night temperature.
Interactive role of sucrose, ROS and auxin during development of female gametophyte of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under high night temperature
A significant decrease in starch and amylopectin content at 20 DAA below HNT can affect the pasting properties of flour and thus affect the quality of making biscuits and cookies. Increased total protein, gliadin-to-glutenin ratio, decreasing number and decreased sedimentation volume below HNT can affect test properties.
