राजस्थानी भासा अर साहित्य रो इतिहास

RJ-06

amOñWmZr ^mgm Aa gm{hË` amo B{Vhmg

dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m

amOñWmZr ^mgm Aa gm{hË` amo B{Vhmg

RJ-06

nmR²>`H«$_ {Z_m©U g{_{V

AÜ`j

àmo\o$ga (S>m°.) Zaoe XmYrM Hw$bn{V

dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m

gånmXH$ :

àmo. (S>m°.) H$ë`mUqgh eoImdV nam_e©XmVm, amOñWmZr H$m`©H«$_

dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m

gånmXZ Ed§ nmR²>`H«$_-boIZ

gXñ`

1. S>m°. hrambmb _mhoídar nyd© AÜ`j, {hÝXr {d^mJ amOñWmZ {díd{dÚmb`, O`nwa 2. àmo. (S>m°.) AOw©ZXod MmaU

AÜ`j, amOñWmZr {d^mJ

O` Zmam`U ì`mg {díd{dÚmb`, OmoYnwa

g§`moOH$, g_Ýd`H$ Ed§ gXñ`

nmR²>`H«$_ CËnmXZ

`moJoÝÐ Jmo`b ghm`H$ CËnmXZ A{YH$mar dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m

CËnmXZ : ^ISBN-

gdm©{YH$ma gwa{jV : Bg gm_J«r Ho$ {H$gr ^r A§e H$s dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m H$s {b{IV AZw_{V Ho$ {~Zm {H$gr ^r ê$n _|

"{_{_`mJ«m\$s' (MH«$_wÐU) Ho$ Ûmam `m AÝ`Wm nwZ: àñVwV H$aZo H$s AZw_{V Zht h¡Ÿ&

Hw$bg{Md, d._.Iw.{díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m Ûmam dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m Ho$ {b`o _w{ÐV Ed§ àH$m{eVŸ&

AH$mX{_H$ Ed§ àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm

àmo. (S>m°.) {dZ` nmR>H$ àmo. (S>m°.) ~r. Ho$. e_m© S>m°. `mHy$~ Abr ImZ àmo. nr. Ho$. e_m©

Hw$bn{V {ZXoeH$ (AH$mX{_H$) {ZXoH$eH$ (^mfm) {ZXoeH$

dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m g§H$m` {d^mJ g§H$m` {d^mJ nmR²>` gm_J«r CËnmXZ Ed§ {dVaU {d^mJ 3. lr aKwamOqgh hmS>m

nyd© àYmZmMm`©, CÀM _mÜ`{_H$ {dÚmb` (amOñWmZ gaH$ma) Pmbmdm‹S> (amOñWmZ)

4. S>m°. JmoaYZqgh eoImdV

{ZXoeH$, lr H¥$îU gËg§J ~m{bH$m _hm{dÚmb`

grH$a (amOñWmZ)

boIH$ BH$mB©

1. gVnmb Om°{JS> 1, 2, 6

emoYmWu, amOñWmZr {d^mJ O` Zmam`U ì`mg {díd{dÚmb`

OmoYnwa (amO.)

2. S>m°. aUOrV qgh amR>m¡‹S> 3,4,5,13,14 amOñWmZr {d^mJ,

O` Zmam`U ì`mg {díd{dÚmb`, OmoYnwa g§`moOH$

àmo. (S>m°.) H$ë`mUqgh eoImdV nam_e©XmVm, amOñWmZr H$m`©H«$_

dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb, H$moQ>m

g_Ýd`H$ : S>m°. _rVm e_m©

ghm`H$-AmMm`©, {hÝXr dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m

boIH$ BH$mB©

3. S>m°. Cfm H§$da amR>m¡‹S> 7,8,9,10,12,15 amOñWmZr emoY g§ñWmZ,

Mm¡nmgZr, OmoYnwa (amO.)

4. AVwb "H$ZH$' 11

H${d-gm{hË`H$ma, H$moQ>m (amO.)

BH$mB© g§. BH$mB© H$m Zm_ n¥îR> g§»`m

IÊS>-

amOñWmZr ^mgm

BH$mB© 1 amOñWmZr ^mgm ar CËn[Îm Aa {dH$mg 1-6

BH$mB© 2 amOñWmZr ^mgm ar à_wI ~mo{b`m§, Cn~mo{b`m§ Aa ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ 7-13

BH$mB© 3 amOñWmZr ^mgm ar ì`mH$aU ar Img {dgogVmdm§ 14-24

BH$mB© 4 amOñWmZr ^mgm am Img N>§X Aa Ab§H$ma 25-37

BH$mB© 5 à_wI ^maVr` {b{n`m§ : XodZmJar Aa _w{‹S>`m {b{n 38-48

IÊS>-

gm{hË` amo B{Vhmg boIZ

BH$mB© 6 amOñWmZr gm{hË` amo B{Vhmg boIZ : à_wI {dÛmZ Aa _V _Vm§Va 49-55

BH$mB© 7 amOñWmZr gm{hË` amo Am{XH$mb AWdm draJmWm H$mb 56-70

BH$mB© 8 amOñWmZr gm{hË` amo _Ü`H$mb : »`mV gm{hË` 71-81

BH$mB© 9 amOñWmZr gm{hË` amo CÎma _Ü`H$mb AWdm ar{VH$mb 82-98

BH$mB© 10 amOñWmZr gm{hË` amo AmYw{ZH$ H$mb 99-108

BH$mB© 11 AmO ar amOñWmZr H${dVm 109-132

BH$mB© 12 amOñWmZr ^mgm amo _{hbm boIZ 133-142

IÊS>-

amOñWmZr bmoH$ gm{hË`

BH$mB© 13 amOñWmZr ^mgm amo bmoH$ g{hË` : n[a^mgm 143-154

BH$mB© 14 amOñWmZr ^mgm amo bmoH$ gm{hË` : à_wI {dYmdm§ 155-167

· dmV (H$Wm)

· bmoH$ JmWm

· bmoH$JrV

· bmoH$ZmQ²>`

BH$mB© 15 amOñWmZr ^mgm am H$hmdVm§ Aa _whmdam 168-184

dY©_mZ _hmdra Iwbm {díd{dÚmb`, H$moQ>m

amOñWmZr ^mgm Aa gm{hË` amo B{Vhmg

AZwH«$_{UH$m

RJ-06

amOñWmZr ^mgm Aa gm{hË` amo B{Vhmg

IÊS>-I

BH$mB© -1 BU BH$mB© _| amOñWmZr ^mgm ar CËn{Îm Aa {dH$mg ar gma ê$n _| OmUH$mar Xr JB© h¡& gJir ^maVr`

^mgmdm§ ar OZZr g§ñH¥$V h¡& g§ñH¥$V gy§ hr nm{b, àmH¥$V, An^«§e Aa AmO ar ^maVr` ^mgmdm§ amo Ob_ hþ`m¡ h¡& amOñWmZr ^mgm amo CX²^d An^«§e ^mgm gy§ {dÛmZm§ _mÝ`mo h¡& An^«§e ^mgm _| ^r _ê$JwOar An^«§e, ZmJa An^§«e _m§` gy§ {H$Ur EH$ gy§ amOñWmZr ^mgm amo Ob_ hþ`m¡ h¡&

BH$mB© - 2 Bª BH$mB© _| amOñWmZr ^mgm ar à_wI ~mo{b`m§, Cn~mo{b`m§ Aa dmam§ ^m¡Jmo{bH$ IoVa ar OmUH$mar nmR>H$m§ Z¡ H$amB© JB© h¡& _madm‹S>r, _odm‹S>r, hm‹S>m¡Vr, Ty>§T>m‹S>r, _odmVr, dmJ‹S>r goImdmQ>r, _midr amOñWmZr ^mgm ar Img ~mo{b`m§ Cn~mo{b`m§ h¡& Am§ g~m§ amo {dgmi ^m¡Jmo{bH$ IoVa h¡&

BH$mB© - 3 amOñWmZr EH$ OwJm§OyZr, g_wÐ Am¡a gwV§Ì ^mgm h¡& BUamo Ý`mamo ì`mH$aU, {b{n, g~XH$mog, ~mobUdmim OZ, {dgmi ^y-^mJ, ^[a`monyamo Aa {dY {dY amo J«§W ^ÊS>ma h¡&

BH$mB© - 4 amOñWmZr ^mgm H$mì` am IwX am _moH$im N>§X Aa Ab§H$ma h¡ {OUm ar Omo‹S> am Xþ{Z`m§ ar {H$Ur XÿOr

^mgm _| H$moZr& amOñWmZr N>§Xm§ _| da{UH$ Aa _m{ÌH$ XmoZy§ ^m§V am N>§Xm§ ar N>Q>m XoIr Om gH¡$&

BH$mB© -5 ^mgmdm§ amo AmYma {b{n`m§ hþ`m H$a¡& Xþ{Z`m§ ar OJir ^mgmdm§ ar OH$s {bIU ar {d{Y h¡- ~mo hr {b{n H$hrO¡& amo_Z A§J«oOr Am{X {dXogr {b{n`m§ OJMmdr h¡& ^maVr` {b{n`m§ _| ~«m÷r, IamoîQ>r, emaXm, XodZmJar à_wI {JUrO¡& _w{‹S>`m {b{n _| amOñWmZr ^mgm amo {b{IV ê$n gm_r Am`m¡ h¡& _w{‹S>`m XodZmJar gy§ AbJ h¡ Aa Jwá {b{n H$hrO¡& BUZ¡ _hmOZr {b{n ^r H$`m¡ Omd¡ &

IÊS>-II

BH$mB© - 6 B© _| BH$mB© amOñWmZr gm{hË` am B{Vhmg boIZ ~m~V _mZrVm {dÛmZm§ am OH$m _V-_Vm§Va h¡ - CUar nyar {dJV _m§S>r JB© h¡ & amOñWmZr ^mgm H$m CX²^d gy§ b¡`a AO¡ bJ AbJ-AbJ H$mb IÊS>m§

_| Aa ^m§V-^m§V ar {dYmdm§, H$mì` g¡{b`m§ Aa draVm, ^JVr {gUJma Aa Zr{V amo Anma gm{hË`

{_i¡-CUat {ZaI naI B© B©H$mB© _| hþB© h¡&

BH$mB© - 7 amOñWmZr gm{hË` amo Am{XH$mb IÊS>, draJmWm H$mb ^r H$hrO¡& Bª Am{XH$mb am boIZ _| `y§ Omo draJmWmdm§ _moH$ir {bIrOr nU ^JVr ar gJwU Aa {ZaJwU Ymamdm§ _| ^r KUm gm{hË` amo {gaOU hþ`m¡ h¡& BUr ^m§V Zr{V Aa {gUJma gå~§Yr amOñWmZr gm{hË` ^r _hVmD$ h¡& bmoH$ gm{hË` amo {gaOU ^r BU OwJ _| Iy~ hþ`m¢& aU_„ N>§X, ~rgbX¡d amgmo, Iw_mUamgmo, O`M§X Og M§{ÐH$m O`M§X amgmo, BU g_¡ am Zm_r J§«W h¡ {OUm§ a¡ H$maU hr B© H$mbIÊS> amo Zm_H$aU draJmWm H$mb hþ`m¡

h¡& Bª BH$mB© _| Am{XH$mb ar nyar {dJV _§S>r h¡&

BH$mB© - 8 Bª B©H$mB© _| amOñWmZr gm{hË` am nyd© _Ü`H$mb amo AÜ``Z hþ`m¡ h¡& Bª OwJ Z¡ ^JVrH$mb AWdm g§V gm{hË` H$mb amo Zm_ ^r {X`mo J`m¡ h¡& ^JVr H$mb _| gJwU ^JV Aa {ZaJwU g§Vm§ ar bm§~r naånam {ZJ¡

Amd¡ & ^JVr ar Am§ XmoZy§ Ymamdm§ _| AboIy§ aMZmH$ma AUnma gm{hË` aÀ`m¡ h¡ {OUa¡ H$maU Bª OwJ Z¡

amOñWmZr gm{hË` amo "ñdU©`wJ' ^r H$`m¡ Omd¡ h¡&

_ram§~mB©, AmonmOr Am‹T>m, B©gaXmg, gå_mZ~mB©, XmXÿX`mb, Om§^moOr, am_ñZohr g§VJU, amUr ê§$nmXo ghOmo~mB©, X`m~mB© AmX BUr OwJ am Mmdm aMZmH$ma h¡&

BH$mB© - 9 BU BH$mB© _| CÎma _Ü`H$mb AWdm ar{VH$mb am g_«Õ gm{hË` Aa à_wI aMZmH$mam§ ar OmUH$mar Xr JB© h¡& amOñWmZr ^mgm _| ar{V H$mb _| {gUJma ar aMZmdm§ ^r {bIr JB© nU gmW hr draVm, Xog^JVr, bmoH$g§Ji, bmoH$ OmJaU Aa Zr{V naH$ aMZmdm§ ar ^r H$_r H$moZr&

am{O`m am gmoaR>m Zr{V H$mì` ar XrR> gy§ _hVmD$ h¡& BUr ^m§V ^m{Z`m Aa MH$[a`m amo Zr{V H$mì`

bmoH$ H$mì` a¡ ê$n _| OJMmdmo hþ`m¡ & BU OwJ _| bmoH$ gm{hË` Aa JÚ gm{hË` amo {gaOU ^r AU_mn hþ`m¡&

BH$mB©-10 BU BH$mB© _| amOñWmZr gm{hË` am AmYw{ZH$ H$mb IÊS> am {gaOU ar {dJV {dñVma gy§ _m§S>r JB© h¡&

gZ² 1850 gy§ b¡ `a AmO VH$ amo H$mb IÊS> AmYw{ZH$ H$mb H$hrO¡ Am¡ AmYw{ZH$ H$mb H$mì` boIZ a¡ gmW¡ hr JÚ {gaOU amo OwJ H$hrO¡ & JÚ ar Zw§B© {dYmdm§ amo Ob_ BU g_¡ g¡ gy§ Á`mXm hþ`m¡&

CnÝ`mg, H$hmUr, {Z~§Y, ZmQ>H$, EH$m§H$s, ê$nH$, S>m`ar boIZ, [anmoaVmO {Ogr {dYmdm§ amOñWmZr gm{hË` am AmYw{ZH$ H$mb ar hr XoZ h¡&

BH$mB©-11 Bª BH$mB© _| AmO ar amOñWmZr H${dVm ar OmVam amo Xagmd h¡& AmO ar amOñWmZr H${dVm ^md ar àYmZVm Z¡ N>moS> qMVZ Z¡ àYmZVm Xr& ^maV am gwV§ÌVm g§J«m_ ar AbI OJmB© Aa "amï´>r` MoVZm' Z¡

AmJ¡ ~T>mB©, àH¥${V ar JmoX N>moS> OWmaW Aa àJ{VdmX am _§JiJrV Jm`m AmO ar amOñWmZr H${dVm N>§X Aa Ab§H$ma ar OyZr brH$ N>mo‹S> Z`m à`moJ H$a²`m Aa ~Ximd amo {MVam_ _m§S> gm_m{OH$ gamoH$ma {Z^m`m¡&

BH$mB©-12 B© B©H$mB© _| amOñWmZr ^mgm am _{hbm boIZ Z¡ gm_r amI"a CUar g_rjm hþB© h¡& AO¡ VmB© B© boIZ ar Cnojm hþB© hr & amOñWmZr ^mgm _| _{hbmdm§ JÚ Aa nÚ ar gJir {dYmdm§ _| ^md Aa {dMma àYmZ gm{hË` ar {gaOU H$a ahr h¡& _wº$H$ Aa à~§Y XmoZy§ ê$nm§ _| H$mì` gm_r Amd¢& OyZr H$Wmdm§ Z¡ AmO ar H$hmUr amo ê$n {_b`m¡ Aa OWmaWdmXr Zd H$hmUr amo boIZ J§^raVm gy§ hÿ§ a`m¡ h¡&

IÊS>-III

BH$mB©-13 Am BH$mB© amOñWmZr ^mgm am bmoH$ gm{hË` ar OmUH$mar H$amd¡& bmoH$ gm{hË` ar n[a^mgm H$m§B© h¡?

bmoH$ gm{hË` {H$U Z¡ H¢$dm ? bmoH$ gm{hË` Aa A{^OmË` gm{hË` _| H$m§B© \$aH$ h¢& Am§ gdmbm§ am Odm~ Bª BH$mB© _| {X`m J`m h¡, {OUgy§ amOñWmZr bmoH$ gm{hË` Z¡ ^br^m§V nmR>H$ g_P gH¡$& bmoH$

gm{hË` Am_OZ ar ^mgm _| OZ H$m bmoH$ _mZg Z¡, ~tH$m gmoM, haI C`md Aa Xþ:I-XaX Z¡ gm_r amI¡-Bª ImVa ~mo bmoH$ gy§ nyar Va¡ Ow‹S>`m¡S>m¡ ìh¡&

BH$mB©-14 Bª BH$mB© _| amOñWmZr ^mgm am bmoH$ gm{hË` ar à_wI {dYmdm§ Á`§y H$Wm, JmWm, bmoH$JrV, bmoH$ZmQ²>`, H$hmdVm§ Aa _whmdam§ am ^ÊS>ma ar {dJV _m§S>r JB© h¡& amOñWmZr bmoH$ gm{hË` _| hOmê$ bmoH$ H$Wmdm§, JmWm§dm§, bmoH$JrV, bmoH$ZmQ²>` Aa H$hmdVm§ _whmdam§ h¡& Amo gm{hË` H$_ N>ß`m¡ h¡ Aa Anma A§U N>ß`m¡

h¡& Amo gJimo gm{hË` N>n²`m§ gy§ hr amOñWmZr ^mgm ar bmoH$ gånXm ar Hy§$V H$ar Om gH¡$&

BH$mB©-15 Bª BH$mB© _| amOñWmZr bmoH$ gm{hË` ar à_wI {dÚm H$hmdVm§ Aa _whmdam§ ar {dñVma gy§ {ZaI-naI hþB© h¡& H$hmVdm§ ar OyZr naånam Aa AmO VH$ ar {dH$mg O½Vam amo Xagmd hþ`m¡ h¡& AV§ à_wI H$hmdVm§ Aa _whmdam§ am CXmhaU ^r {X`m J`m h¡&

bdkbZ & 1

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh mRifr vj fodkl

bdkbZ jkS eaMk.k 1-0 mn~nsL;

1-1 izLrkouk

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1-4 jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh fyfi

1-5 Hkklk&foX;ku jh nhB lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh leh{kk 1-6 bdkbZ jkS lkj

1-7 vH;kl lk: loky 1-8 lUnHkZ iksF;ka 1-0 mn~nsL;

b.k bdkbZ jkS [kkl mn~nsL; &

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Hkklk foX;kfudka jh nhB lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk lxGh dlkSfV;ka ekFkS lkS&Vap [kjh mrj.k okGh Hkklk gSA b.k Hkklk duS 1200 cjlka lwa cRrkS ykEcks HkklkbZ vj lkfgfR;d bfrgkl gSA vtS rkabZ jh 15&16 ukeekGkoka vj lcndksl b.kjS v[kwV lcn lkejFk jkS ifjpS djkoSA izks- ujksRrenkl Lokeh] in~eJh lhrkjke ykyl tSM+k fo}kuka jh O;kdj.k ckcr jfp;kSM+h iksfFk;ka jktLFkkuh jh Hkklkxr lqrarjrk fl) djSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa vsd lqrarj Hkklk jk lxGk xq.k feGSA vka xq.kka jS ika.k bZ MkW- fxz;lZu] vsy- ih- VSSLlhVksjh]

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1-2 Hkklk&ifjokj ijaijk vj Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkklkoka jh vksG[kka.k

lalkj jh lxGh Hkklkoka vBkajS Hkklk&ifjokjka esa ckaVh tkoSA Hkkjrh; Hkklkoka Hkkjksfi;k ;k dS Hkkjrh;

vk;Z&Hkklk ifjokj jS HkSGh fx.kh tkoSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk Hkkjr jS jktLFkku iznsl jh Hkklk gSA Hkkjrh;

vk;Z&Hkklkoka jS fodkl uS rhu dky [k.Mka esa ckaV~;kS tk ldS&

7-2-1 twukS Hkkjrh; vk;Z&Hkklk dky ¼1500 cjl bZlk iSyka lwa 500 cjl bZlk iSyka rkabZ½ 7-2-2 e/;dkyhu Hkkjrh; vk;Z&Hkklkoka ¼500 cjl bZlk iSyka lwa 1000 bZlk rkabZ½

7-2-3 vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; vk;Z&Hkklkoka ¼1000 bZ- lwa vtS rkabZ½

Hkkjrh; vk;Z&Hkklkoka esa lSa lwa twuh Hkklk oSfnd laLØr gSA Hkklk&lkL=h ekuS dS vkfniq:l ftdh vk;Z Hkklk cksyrk] m.klwa bZ oSfnd laLØr jh mRifr gqbZA oSfnd laLØr ?k.kh pkoh gqbZ i.k tulk/kkj.k esa laLØr vkijS use~&dk;nka jh nksjkbZ jS dkj.k oSokfjd Hkklk uha c.k ldhA yksd esa vsd uqabZ Hkklk jkS tye gq;kS ft.kjkS ukao izkØr Hkklk gksA gksGS&gkSGS b.k izkØr lwa ikfy vj ekx/kh c.khA iSyh izkØr esa ikfy vj v/kZekx/kh fx.kh tkoS tndS nwth izkØr esa lkSjlSuh] ekx/kh vj egkjkLVªh fx.khtSA cxr jS lkFkS b.kk izkØr Hkklkoka esa bZ lkfgr&fljt.k gqo.k ykX;kS vj vS lkfgfR;d Hkklkoka c.kxhA yksd Hkklk lwa viHkzal Hkklk jkS tue gq;kSA foØe jh NBh lnh lwa ys;j nloha &X;kjgoha lnh rkabZ nsl jk U;kjk&U;kjk Hkkxka esa viHkzal Hkklk jkS tksj jS^;ks] i.k Hkklk dnSbZ fFkj uha jSoS] ok yxksyx cSaorh jSoSA viHkzal tn O;kdj.k jk djM+k use&dk;nka esa ca/kxh rks yksd esa b.kjk ekSdGk Hksn iuI;kA

^^izkØr pafnzdk** esa viHkzal jk lrkbZl Hksn fx.kkbZT;k gS&

^^czkpM+ks ykVoSnn;kZoqi ukxj ukxjkSA ckcZjkoUr; ikapky VkDd ekyo dSd;k%AA dkfyaX; izkP; dukZVdkvpa; nzkfoM+ xkstZjk%AA lIrfo'kO:Hkza'k% oSrkykfn izHksnrAA**

b.kh vk;Z Hkklk fodklØe lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS bfr;kl tqfM+;ksM+kS gSA 1-3 jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS mn~Hko vj fodkl

foØe jh NBh&lkroha lnh lwa ys;^j nloha& bX;kjoha lnh rkabZ nsl esa Åij fx.kkbZth viHkzal Hkklkoka jkS ?k.kkS tksj jS^;kSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS py.k jkS ftdj iSyiksr ^e:Hkklk* ukao lwa tSu eqfu m|ksru lwjh jh jpuk ^dqoy;ekGk* esa feGSA fo- la- 835 esa tkykSj esa jfp;kSM+S b.k xzaFk esa m.k cxr jh pkoh vBkjS nslh Hkklkoka jk ukao b.k Hkkar fn;kSM+k gS&

^vIik&rqIik*] Hkf.kjs vgisPNm ek:, rRrks

^u m js HkYyma*] Hkf.kjs vg isPNbZ xqTtjs vojs

^vEga dkMa rqEga*] Hkf.kjs vg isPNbZ ykMs

^Hkkb ; Hkj.kh rqCes*] Hkf.kjs vg ekyos fnV~BsA**

jktLFkkuh Hkklk m.k tqx esa e:Hkklk ukao lwa yksdizpfyr gq;kSM+h ghA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh mRifr fd.k viHkzal lwa gqbZ gS] b.k ckcr fo}kuka esa vsdjk; uha gSA b.k eqtc rhu ekurkoka pkoh gS& iSyh] jktLFkkuh jh mRifr lkSjlSuh viHkzal lwa] nwth&e:xqtZj viHkzal lwa vj rhth jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh mRifr ukxj viHkzal lw ekuh tkoSA

lkSjlSuh viHkzal lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh mRifr ekuf.k;k fo}kuka esa MkW- vsy-ih- VSLlhVksjh] fjpMZ fily] MkW- mn;ukjk.k frokjh vj MkW- ukeoj flag [kkl gSA

MkW- fxz;lZu eqtc jktLFkkuh Hkklk ukxjh viHkzal lwa fodflr gqbZA

^^e:xqtZjh dS xqtZj** viHkzal lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh mRifr eku.k okGk fo}kuka esa Jh dse- ,e- eqa'kh]

vsu- oh- fnosfV;k] eqfu ftufot;] MkW- ghjkyky ekgs'ojh vkn [kkl gSA

vka lxGh ekurkoka uS nhB esa jk[krk Fkdka jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh mRifr okGS viHkazl jh iM+rkG djka rks ^e:xqtZjh* ;k ^xqtZj* viHkzal lwa jktLFkkuh jh mRifr jkS er ?k.kkS lkjFkd ykxSA m.k cxr jks jktLFkku]

xqtjkr vj e/;iznsl uS ^xqtZj nsl* ukao lwa tk.khtrkSA ^e:xqtZjh* vj xqtZj* viHkazl jS ukao lwa jktLFkkuh

Hkklk jS twuS cksyh[ksrj ckcr lkjFkd vuqeku bZ gqoSA b.kh xqtZjh viHkzal lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS mn~Hko vj fodkl gq;kSA Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkklk ijaijk vj jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS mn~Hko uSa b.k rjS lkoG le>;kS tk ldS&

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS ^oal&oz{k* &

vk;Z Hkklkoka

oSfnd laLØr

ikfy] laLØr

lkSjlSuh izkØr] ekx/kh izkØr] egkjkLVªh izkØr

xqtZjh viHkzal lkSjlSuh viHkzal

jktLFkkuh fgUnh

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS mn~Hko gq;ka iNS foØe jh nloha lnh esa vkaork&vkaork ck fodflr :i /kkj.k dj fy;kSA ckjoha lnh rkabZ iwxrka&iwxrka jktLFkkuh Hkklk viHkzal jS izHkko lwa iwjh rjg eqxr gks;^uS lkfgfR;d Hkklk jS :i esa ?k.kh pkoh gq;xhA

1-4 jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh fyfi &

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh twuh fyfi jkS ukao ^eqfM+;k* gSA b.kuS ekSMdh] eqfM+;koVh] egktuh] cf.k;koVh ukaoka lwa bZ tk.k~;kS tkoSA MkW- eksrhyky esukfj;k b.k fyfi jkS ifjpS nsaork Fkdka fy[;kS gS dS ^b.k fyfi esa ydhj ekaM^uS ?klhV :i esa fy[;kS tkoS vj b.kesa ek=koka uha gqoSA** vkfndky vj e/;dky jS jktLFkkuh lkfgR;

jS xazFkka esa b.k fyfi jkS iz;ksx ns[k.k uS feGSA

vk/kqfud dky esa jktLFkkuh Hkklk nwth dSbZ Hkkjrh; Hkklkoka jS T;wa ^nsoukxjh fyfi* vaxst yhoh gS vj lxGkS fljt.k b.kh fyfi esa gqo.k ykx jS^;kS gSA

1-5 Hkklk&foX;ku jh nhB lwa jktLFkkuh jh ij[k

jktLFkkuh Hkklk&lkfgR; jh flej/k ijaijk lwa fl) gqoS dS jktLFkkuh vsd lqrarj Hkklk gSA dSbZ yksx b.k Hkklk ckcr ekSdGh Hkzkafr;ka eu esa ikG jk[kh gS vj b.kuS cksfy;ka jkS lewg ek= ekuS tdks m.kkjS ?k.kS vX;ku jkS lwpd gSA fd.kh bZ Hkklk uS lqrarj Hkklk jks njtks nso.k lwa iSyka Hkklk foX;ku jh dlkSfV;ka ekFkS m.kjh ij[k djh tkoSA b.k ij[k esa N% rRoka jS vk/kkj ekFkS m.k Hkklk jh folslrkoka uS vkSG[khtSA vS N%

rRo gSA 1- HkwHkkx 2- tula[;ka 3- lkfgR; Hk.Mkj 4- O;kdj.k 5- lcndksl 6- fyfi

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jk ekuhrk fo}ku izks- dY;k.kflag 'ks[kkor vka rRoka jS vk/kkj ekFkS dwar dj~;ka iNS jktLFkkuh Hkklk uS vsd lqrarj Hkklk fl) djh gSA

Hkklk&foX;ku jS vka N% rRoka jS vk/kkj ekFkS jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh ij[k b.k Hkkar gS&

7-5-1 folkG HkwHkkx&

fd.kh bZ izkar ;k dS nsl jh Fkji.kk lk: m.kjkS HkwHkkx gq;k djSA b.kht Hkkar Hkklk lk: bZ m.kjkS cksyh[ksrj gqo.kkS ?k.kkS t:jh ekU;kS tkoS vj ok Hkklk fd.kh u fd.kh HkwHkkx lwa tqfM+;kSM+h gqo.kh pkbZtSA b.k nhB lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk uS ns[;kS tkoS rks jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS cksyh[ksrj ;k dS Hkw&Hkkx lxGkS jktLFkku vj m.kjh lhekoka lwa ykxrk jkT;ka gfj;k.kk] iatkc vj e/;iznsl jS dSbZ ftyka rkabZ gSA {ks=QG jh nhB lwa jktLFkku Hkkjr jkS lSa lwa cM+kS jkT; gSA cksyh[ksrj vj folkG HkwHkkx jS rRo ekFkS ij[k dj~;ka jktLFkkuh Hkklk U;kjh Hkklk [kjh mrjSA

7-5-2 tula[;k&

ft.k Hkkar lwa turk jS fcuk fd.kh jkT; vj nsl jh c.kxV laHko uha gS] m.kht Hkkar ft.k Hkklk uS yksx vkijS jksthuk jk oSokj] dkedkt vj fopkj izxV dj.kS esa cjrS] m.k Hkklk uS Hkklk&foX;ku ^thoar Hkklk*

jkS njtks nsoSA

Hkklk uS cksy.k okGk yksxka jh la[;k bZ fd.kh Hkklk jh folkGrk uS eki.k okGh dlkSVh gSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk cksy.k okGk jh nhB lwa folkGre Hkklk gSA jktLFkkuh jk LFkk;h jSoklh] Hkkjr Hkj esa cfl;kSM+k jktLFkkuh vj fonslka esa jSof.k;ka jktLFkkuh yksxka uS feyk;^j nl djksM+ lwa cslh yksx b.k Hkklk uS vkijS jksthuk jk oSokj esa cjrSA b.k la[;k jS cksy.k okGk jh nhB lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk Hkkjrh; Hkklkoka esa vkBoha vj foLo Hkklkoka esa lksGgoha BkSM+ jk[kSA

7-5-3 lkfgR; Hk.Mkj&

fd.kh bZ Hkklk jkS HkkSfrd vj ijr[k :i lkfgR; lwa tk.k~;kS tkoSA Hkklk jh izkphurk] flej/krk vj ijaijk jh vkSG[kka.k m.k Hkklk jS lkfgR;&Hk.Mkj jS ika.k bZ djh tk ldSA

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS lkfgfR;d :i jk vSuka.k fodze jS ukSoSa lbZdS lwa bZ fey.kk l: gq; tkoSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jk l:vkrh njl.k flykys[kka] rkackirjka] rkM+irjka vj Hkkstirjka ekFkS Nfi;ksM+S :i jS ekjQr gqoSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS ckjg lkS cjlka jkS bfrgkl ?k.kkS xjctksx gSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk yksd vj fyf[kr lkfgR; nksuwa dkuha lwa ?k.kh flej/k gSA b.kjkS yksd lkfgR; lfn;ka lwa tu&tu jS daBka jE;ksM+kS gS rks nwth dkuha fyf[kr lkfgR; esa lkfgR; jk lxGk Hkko] izozfr;ka vj lSfy;ka jk ywaBk njlko ns[;k tk ldSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS vkfndky vj e/;dky jh jpukoka esa lkfgR; jk lxGk jlka ohj] fl.kxkj vj Hkxrh jh f=os.kh jk njl.k dj~;ka tk ldSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS lkfgR; fljt.k cxr lwa gesl ikaoMk tksM~-

;ka jk[;k vj cxr ijoka.k vkijh lSyh] izozfr vkn esa fljt.kxr cnGko bZ djrkS jS^;ks gSA

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh twuh jpukoka esa lwa Qdr pkGhl gtkj xazFkka uS bZ Nki.kkS laHko gq;kS gS] vtsl nks yk[k jS yxSVxS twuk xzaFk Ni.k jh mMhd esa gSA xazFkka jh b.k la[;k lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS lkfgR;&Hk.Mkj jks vanktkS yxk;kS tk ldSA

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS vk/kqfud lkfgR; esa lxGh lkfgfR;d fo/kkoka esa ywaBkS fljt.k gq; jS^;ks gS vj ledkyhu Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa b.kjh Bkoh BkSM+ cf.k;kSM+h gSA

b.k Hkkar jktLFkkuh Hkklk lkfgR; Hk.Mkj jh nhB lwa ?k.kh flej/k gSA 7-5-4 O;kdj.k&

O;kdj.k jS fcuk Hkklk uSa ^ikaxGh*] ^xaok:*] ^mTtM+*] ^vfodflr* ekU;kS tkoS vj m.kuS Hkklk jS :i esa Lohdkj uha djhtSA O;kdj.k jS use& dk;nka jS vk/kkj ekFkS bZ lkfgR;dkj fljt.k djSA

Hkkjrh; Hkklkoka jS O;kdj.k ekFkS ^laLØr* jkS xS*jks vlj feGS D;wadS lxGh Hkkjrh; Hkklkoka jh mRifr bZ laLØr lwa ekuh tkoSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS O;kdj.k ekFkS bZ laLØr jkS izHkko gS i.k Qsj bZ b.kjh dha U;kjh

folslrkoka ns[kh tk ldSA b.kesa lSa lwa [kkl folslrk Nanka jh fofo/krk gSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa dSbZ Hkkar jk ojf.kd vj ekf=d Nanka jkS iz;ksx dj;kS tkoS ft.kjk U;kjk&U;kjk fu;e cf.k;kSM+k gSA

Nanka jk ekSdGk Hksn&miHksn gSA jktLFkkuh jS ^xhr* Nan jk 104 Hksn eku;k tkoSA fd.kh nwth Hkklk jS Nanka esa brjk Hksn&miHksn ns[k.k uSa uha feGSA ^jktLFkkuh jkS* o;.klxkbZ* vyadkj bZ U;kjh&fujokGh Hkkar jkS gSA

jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa dkO; lkLrj vj O;kdj.k jS use&dk;nka ckcr ekSdGk xzaFkka jkS fljt.k gq;kS gS ft.kesa faMaxy izdkl] j?kqukFk :id xhrka jkS] dkO;kyadkj] j?kqojtl izdkl] Hkklk&Hkwl.k] fMaxG xhr]

jktLFkkuh O;kdj.k] ekjokM+h O;kdj.k vkn xzaFk [kkl gSA

b.k foospu lwa LiLV gqoS dS jktLFkkuh Hkklk O;kdjf.k; nhB lwa bZ vsd lqrarj vj lcGh Hkklk gSA 5- lcndksl&

Hkklk jkS l:i lcnka lwa izxV gq;k djSA lcnka jkS Hk.Mkj bZ fd.kh Hkklk jh flej/krk eki.k jh dlkSVh gqoSA b.k egrkÅ ekin.M jh nhB lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk uS ns[kh tkoS rks b.k Hkklk jS lcn&Hk.Mkj esa folkGrk]

flej/krk vj fofo/krk jk LiLV njl.k dj~;k tk ldSA vsd bZ feu[k] m.kjh fØ;k vj fLFkfr lwa tqfM+;kSM+k ekSdGk i;kZ;okph lcn feGS tdk m.k feu[k jh U;kjh&U;kjh euxr uS LiLV dj nsoSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh lcnkoGh esa Pkkj fLFkfr;ka gqoS&iSyh fLFkfr esa vukgj lwpd] nwth fLFkfr esa lkekU; vjFk] rhth esa lueku lwpd vj pkSFkh esa iwtuhd voLFkk jkS Hkko feGSA nwth fd.kh Hkklk esa b.k Hkkar jh fofo/krk jk njlko uha feGSA jktLFkku Hkklk esa vsd bZ Hkkar jS dke lk: dSo.kS esa ekSdGh lcn fofo/krk feGSA ft;ka Hkkstu dj.k lk: feu[k uS dso.k jkS <kGkS m.kjh feu[k jS vknj ekFkS bZ fuHkZj djS& jksVh fxV ys] jksVh [kk ys]

Hkkstu theyks] rklGh vjksxyks vkn esa U;kjk&U;kjk Hkko lek;kSM+k gSA

jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa lcndksl ys[k.k ijaijk ?k.kh flej/k jS^;h gSA twuS cxr esa ^^ukeekGk] ukxjkt fMaxG dksl] gehj ukeekGk] vo/kkuekGk] vusdkFkhZ dksl] fMaxG vsdk{kjh dksl] fMaxG dksl** vkn lcndkslka esa jktLFkkuh lcnka jkS lady.k feGSA

MkW- lhrkjke ykyl nks yk[k nl gtkj jS yxSVxS lcnka jS lady.k jkS lcndksl^ jktLFkkuh lcn dksl* fy[;kS ft.kjk ukS [k.M gSA b.kjS VkG vkpk;Z cnzhizlkn lkdfj;k jkS lcndksl bZ ?k.kkS egrkÅ gSA lcndksl jh nhB lwa vtsl bZ ?k.kkS dke gq; jS^;ks gSA

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh ywaBh lcn lEink m.kuS foLo jh flej/kre Hkklkoka jh ikar esa ÅHkh dj.kS esa lkaxksikax lgk;d fl) gqbZ gSA

6- fyfi&

vkfndky vj e/;dkyhu jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa fljt.k ^eqfM+;k* fyfi esa dj~;kS tkorkS jS^;ks ft.kjk ekSdGk twuk gLrfyf[kr xzaFkk esa ns[k.k uS feGSA vk/kqfud dky vkaork&vkaork jktLFkkuh Hkklk jks lxGkS fljt.k ^nsoukxjh fyfi* esa gqo.k ykX;kSA nsoukxjh fyfi jS l:i uSa ns[k^j dSbZ Hkkjrh; Hkklkoka m.kuS ^fyfi*

ek/;e* jS :i esa Lohdkj djh] ft.kesa jktLFkkuh bZ vssd Hkklk gSA

Hkklk foX;ku jS lxGk rRoka jh dlkSVh ekFkS jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh ij[k dj~;ka iNS fl) gq; tkoS dS jktLFkkuh lxGh nhB lwa vsd flej/k] lqrarj vj thoar Hkklk gSA

1-6 bdkbZ jkS lkj

b.k bdkbZ lwa vkikauS jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh mRifr vj fodkl tkujk uSa lkoG le>.k esa enr feGSykA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS 1200 cjlka jkS flej/k bfrgkl gSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS ^jktLFkkuh* ukao vk/kqfud gS] tdks

jktLFkku izkar jS ukao ekFkS FkjihT;kSA b.k Hkklk jk twuk uke e:Hkklk] fMaxG] ek: vkn gkA

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh ij[k Hkklk&foX;ku jS ekin.Mk ekFkS dj~;ka iNS b.kjh lqrarjrk vj flej/krk esa dBSbZ ld jh xqatk;l uha jSoSA Hkklk&foX;ku jk N% rRoka jS vk/kkj ekFkS ij[k dj.kS lwa jktLFkkuh jh vsd&vsd folslrkoka mtkxj gq; tkoSA vkfndky vj e/;dky jh flej/k lkfgfR;d tkrjk iNS vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa ok lkfgfR;d flej/krk yxksyx c.k~;kSM+h jS^;h gSA vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh lkfgR; bZ Hkklk jS eku esa c/kk;ks dj.k esa lkaxksikax l{ke ykxSA

1-7 vH;kl lk: loky

uhpS fn;kSM+k loky jk iMwrj lcnka jS yxSVxS nsokS&

1- Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkklkoka uS fdrk dky [k.Mka esa ckaV;kS tk ldS\

2- ^izkØr pafnzdk* esa viHkzal jk fdrk Hksn fx.kkbZT;k gS\

3- ^dqoG;ekG* iksFkh jk jpf;rk jkS ukao] fljt.k cxr vj LFkku crkvkSA

4- jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh mRifr ^e:xqtZjh* viHkzal lwa eku.k okGk fo}kuka jk ukao crkvkSA 5- Hkklk&foX;ku jh nhB lwa fd.kh Hkklk jh ij[k dj.k okGk rRo crkvkSA

uhpS fn;kSM+k lokyka jk iMw-rj lcnka esa nsvkS &

1- Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkklk ijaijk jh vkSG[kka.k djkvkSA 2- jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh mRifr ckcr lkarjkS vkys[k ekaMkSA 3- jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh fyfi ckcr lkjxfHkZr fopkj ekM+kSA

4- Hkklk&foX;ku jS rRo ^tula[;k ekFkS jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh ij[k djkSA

5- jktLFkkuh lcn Hk.Mkj vj lcndksl ys[k.k ijaijk ckcr vki dkabZ tk.kkS\ LiLV djkSA 1-8 lUnHkZ xzaFkk jkS foojkS

1- MkW- eksrhyky esukfj;k & jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;A 2- izks- dY;k.kflag 'ks[kkor & jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk ,oa lkfgr;A

3- laiknd MkW- nso dksBkjh & jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk vkSj mldh cksfy;ka A 4- lhrkjke ykyl & jktLFkkuh lcn dksl ¼izFke Hkkx jh Hkwfedk½ 5- MkW- ,y-ih- VSLlhVksjh] vuq-&MkW- ukeoj flag & iqjkuh jktLFkkuh

bdkbZ & 2

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh izeq[k cksfy;ka&micksfy;ka vj HkkSxksfyd {ks=

bdkbZ jkS eaMk.k 2-0 mísL;

2-1 çLrkouk

2-2 cksyh&micksyh jkS vjFk

2-3 jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh cksfy;ka ckcr U;kjk&U;kjk fo}kkuka jk ojxhdj.k 2-4- jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh [kkl cksfy;ka% cksyh[ksrj vj folslrkoka

2-4-1 ekjokM+h 2-4-2 <wa<kM+h 2-4-3 gkM+kSrh 2-4-4 esokrh 2-4-5 okxM+h 2-4-6 esokM+

2-4-7 ekyoh 2-4-8 ls[kkokVh 2-5 bdkbZ jkS lkj 2-6 vH;kl lk: loky 2-7 lUnHkZ iksfFk;ka jkS foojkS 2-0 mísL;

b.k bdkbZ jkS mn~nsL; &

• jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh [kkl&[kkl cksfy;ka vj cksyh[ksrj lwa fo|kfFkZ;ka uS tk.kdkjh djko.kkS gSA

• b.kjS lkFkS bZ fo|kfFkZ;ka uS b.k cksfy;ka jh folslrkoka mnkgj.ka jh ekjQr le>kbZtSykA

• b.k bdkbZ jS ika.k fo|kFkhZ cksyh&micksyh jkS vjFkko djrk Fkdka jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS [ksrj uS lkaxksikax vkSG[k ldSykA

2-1 izLrkouk

dSbZ cksfy;ka jS esG lwa Hkklk cBkSA fd.kh Hkklk esa cksfy;ka jh vf/kdIrk m.kjh flej/krk jkS vSuka.k ekU;kS x;kS gSA cksfy;ka jh nhB lwa jktLFkkuh ekSdGh flej/k vj lkaoBh Hkklk gSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk uS lxGS jktLFkku izkar jk jSokfl;ka jS lkFkS&lkFkS Hkkjr Hkj esa cl~;ksM+k izoklh jktFkkuh vkijS jksthuk jS oSokj esa cksyS&cjrSA jktLFkkuh foLo jh flej/kre Hkklkoka esa lksgGoha BksM+ jk[kSA b.kuS cksy.k okGk jh la[;k nl djksM+ jS yxSVxS gSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk vkijh ekBkSB jS ika.k nslh&fonslh fo}kuka b.kjh cksfy;ka] lkfgR; vj O;kdj.k ekFkS egrkÅ lks/k dj~;k gS vj vts yx vk ijaijk cf.k;ksM+h Fkdh gSA fo}kuka jk lks/k vj foospuk lwa LiLV gqoS dS jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa dSbZ cksfy;ka lkey gS ft.kesa cksy.k jh nhB lwa ?k.kkS Qjd uha feGSA Hkklk oSX;kfud bZ dS^oS dS cksyh vj micksyh jkS foHkktu lxGh Hkklkoka esa feG~;k djSA jktLFkkuh jh cksfy;ka&micksfy;ka

m.kjh flej/krk vj fodkl jh lwpd gSA 2-2 cksyh&micksyh jkS vjFk

Hkklk oSX;kfudka jh nhB esa Hkklk jk rhu Lrj cksyh] foHkklk vj Hkklk gqoS vj m.k jkS l:vkrh l:i

^cksyh* ekU;kS tkoSA izks- dY;k.kflag 'ks[kkor eqtc ^cksyh* jkS vjFk Hkklk jkS iSyks Lrj gS ft.kjkS eksf[kd Lo:i fd.kh vsd fuf'pr HkkSxksfyd [ksrj esa jSof.k;ka jSokfl;ka rkabz lhfer gqoSA MkW- HkksykukFk frokjh b.kjkS vjFk LiLV djrk Fkdka fy[kS dS ^cksyh* vj ^micksyh* m.k lhfer [ksrj jh Hkklk uS dS^;ks tkoS] ft.kjS cksy.k okGk jkS mPpkj.k yxSVxS bdlkj gqoS vj ft.kesa :i jpuk] okD;ka jkS c.kko] lcnka vj vjFk lwa tqfM+;ksM+h [kkl fHkUurk uha gqoSA

vkFkw.kk Hkklkfon~ vsMoMZ lsfi;j eqtc cxr ijoka.k dksbZ [kkl cksyh Hkklk jS :i esa bZ cnG ldSA vkpk;Z nsosUnzukFk 'kekZ jh nhB esa Hkklk vj cksyh esa ?k.kkS Qjd uha gqoS vj cksfy;ka bZ cjxr jS lkFkS Hkklk esa cnG.k jh f[kerk jk[kSA

Hkklk& foX;ku jkS use gS dS cksyh jkS fodflr Lo:i bZ Hkklk gSA b.k vjFkka esa Hkklk jkS vfodflr :i ^cksyh* dS*;ks tkoSA cksyh jkS Lo:i ekSf[kd gqo.k jS dkj.k m.kuS O;kdj.k jk use&dk;nka esa uh cka/;kS tk ldSA

foLo jh lxGh flej/kre Hkklkoka cksfy;ka& micksfy;ka lwa cf.k;ksM+h gSA ok Hkklk flej/k ekuhth gS ft.kesa ekSdGh cksfy;ka&micksfy;ka gqoSA ft.k Hkkar lwa vki.kh jkLVªHkklk fgUnh esa vo/kh] eSfFkyh] czt] [kM+h cksyh] Hkkstiqjh] gfj;k.koh] cqnsy[k.Mh vkn cksfy;ka gS] m.kht Hkkar jktLFkkuh Hkklk ekjokM+h] <wa<kM+h] esokM+h gkM+kSrh] ls[kkoVh] esokrh] ekyoh vj okxM+h cksfy;ka lwa cf.k;ksM+h gSA tBS rkabZ jktLFkkuh cksfy;ka esa FkksMS+&FkksM+S varj jkS lqoky gS] m.kjkS iMw-Urj Hkklk foX;ku jkS vks fl)kUr nsoS dS iUnzg&chl fdyksehVj jh nwjh iNS cksyh esa FkksM+kS^d Qjd vkoSA b.k ckcr yksd esa dSbZ ekurkoka bZ dSorka esa dSbZtSA ekSdGh izpfyr ekurkoka esa lwa vk dSor ?k.kh pkoh gS&

^^ckjS dkslka cksyh iGVS] cu QG iGVS ikdkaA cjl Nrhlka tkscu iGVS] y[k.k u iGVS yk[kkAA**

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS tqxka twuks lkfgR; b.kjh cksfy;ka esa vssd:irk jkS lSa lwa ywaBks izek.k gSA vk/kqfud tqx jS jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS lkfgR; esa Hkklk jkS ^ekud l:i cjR;kS tkoSA

lkj :i esa Hkklk oSX;kfud nhB lwa ij[k dj~;ka iNS jktLFkkuh Hkklk vijh U;kjh&U;kjh cksfy;ka jS vksirS esG lwa cf.k;ksM+h flej/k Hkklk fl) gqoSA

2-3 jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh cksfy;ka ckcr fo}kuka jkk U;kjk&U;kjk ojxhdj.k

jktLFkkuh Hkklk vkijS flej/k lkfgR; vj lkaoBh eBksB jS dkj.kS lnho lwa bZ nslh&fonslh fo}kuka lk: vkdjl.k jkS dsUnz jS;h gSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk vj lkfgR; ekFkS dsUnzr ekSdGk lks/k vj v/;;u gq;k gS vj yxksyx gqaork jSlhA B.kht Hkkar jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh cksfy;ka ekFkS nslh&fonslh fo}kuka vkijh lks/kijd foospuk izLrqr djh gSA b.k v/;;u jh ijaijk uS le>.k lk: vkikauS U;kjS&U;kjS fo}kuka jh lks/kijd nhB uS lkEgha jk[k.kh iMS+ykA

Hkkjrh; Hkklkoka jS rqyukRed vj vsfr;kfld foospuk ckcr lSa lwa iSyks xzaFk tkWu chet~ jkS feGS]

ft.kesa rhu [k.M NI;kA b.kesa chet~ jktLFkkuh uSa Lora= Hkklk uha ekurk Fkdka Hkwy laaq fganh jh cksyh dS miHkklk fx.k fyohA b.kjS rhl&pkGhl cjlka iNS duZu tsElVkWM jktLFkkuh Hkklk ckcr [kklk lks/kijd tk.kdkjh HksGh djh i.k cxr jS vlj lwa ok lkEgha uha vk ldhA chet~ VkWM vkn jS inS jkeØL.k xksiky HkaMkjdj] :MksYQ gksjuys] dsykWx vkn jh dj~;ksM+h fospukoka lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh cksfy;ka ckcr ?k.kh

tk.kdkjh uha feGSA

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh cksfy;ka ckcr iSyks ljko.ktksx lks/k lj tkWtZ vczkge fxz;lZu lu~ 1907&1908 esa vkijh iksFkh ^fyaXofLVd losZ vkWQ bf.M;k* esa dj~;kSA fxz;Zlu b.k esa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh ikap cksfy;ka fx.kkbZ] tdh b.k Hkkar gS&

1- ifLpe jktLFkkuh 2- mRrjh&iwohZ jktLFkkuh 3- e/;iwohZ jktLFkkuh

4- nf{k.kh&iwohZ jktLFkkuh&ekyoh 5- nf{k.kh jktLFkkuh

fxz;lZu jS iNS bVyh jk jSoklh vj jktLFkkuh Hkklk&lkfgR; jk fo}ku MkW- vsy- ih- VSLlhVksjh jktLFkku vj ekyok jh cksfy;ka jk nks ojx o.kkaork Fkdka foospu izLrqr dj~;kSA MkW- VSLlhVksjh jkS foospu b.k Hkkar gS%&

¼1½ ifLpeh jktLFkkuh & ls[kkokVh] tks/kiqj jh [kM+h jktLFkkuh] FkVdh] FkGh] chdkusjh] ckxM+h [kSjkM+h fljksgh jh cksfy;ka] xksMokM+h nsoM+koVhA

¼2½ iwohZ jktLFkkuh ¼<wa<+kM+h½ & rksjkokVh] [kM+h t;iqjh] dkBSM+k] jktkokVh] vtesjh] fdlux<+h]

pkSjklh] ukxjpkG] gkM+ksrhA

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jk ekuhrk fo}ku jh izks- ujksRrenkl Lokeh eqtc jktLFkkuh jh cksfy;ka uS pkj ojxka esa ckaVh tk ldS&%

1- ifLpeh jktLFkkuh ¼ekjokM+h½&tks/kiqj] mn;iqj] tSlyesj] chdkusj vj ls[kkoVh [ksrjA 2- iwohZ jktLFkkuh ¼<wa<+kM+h½& t;iqj vj gkM+kSrh [ksrjA

3- mRrjh jktLFkkuh &esokrh] vghjh cksfy;kaA

4- nf{k.kh jktLFkkuh ¼ekyoh½ ekyok vj uhekM+ jh cksfy;kaA

MkW- eksrhyky esukfj;k vkijh iksFkh ^jktLFkkuh Hkklk vkSj lkfgR;* esa jktLFkkuh jh ikap cksfy;ka ekurk Fkdka m.kkjkS mnkgj.kka lkFkS ifjpS njlk;kS gSA MkWa- esukfj;k jkS cksyh ojxhdj.k b.k Hkkar gS&

1- ekjokM+h 2- <wa<kM+h 3- ekyoh

4- esokrh vj ckxM+hA

lxGS fo}kuka jk lks/k vj cksfy;ka jh folslrkoka uS nhB esa jk[krka Fkdka jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh vkB cksfy;ka ekuh tk ldSA vS cksfy;ka b.k Hkkar gS&

1- ekjokM+h 2- <wa<+kM+h 3- gkM+kSrh 4- esokrh 5- okxM+h

6- ekGoh ls[kkokVh

fo|kf|;ka jh lgk;krk lk: b.k cksfy;ka jkS [ksrjokj foojkS uDlS jh ekjQr njlk;kS tk jS;ks gS&

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh cksfy;ka vj cksyh[ksrj&

2-4 jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh [kl cksfy;ka % cksyh [ksrj vj folslrkoka 2-4-1 ekjokM+h&

ekjokM+h jktLFkku jS ekjokM+ [ksrj jh cksyh gSA b.kjk twuk ukao e:Hkklk] e:xqtZjh vj fMaxG gSA ekjokM+h jkS cksyh [ksrj tks/kiqj] chdkusj] tSlyesj] fljksgh jS lkFkS&lkFkS vtesj&esjokM+k&fdlux<+] fla/k izkar jS FkksM+Sd Hkkxka l.kSa iatkc jS fn[k.kknS fgLlkS rkabZ ekU;kS tkoSA b.k ykEcs&pkSM+s HkwHkkx esa ekjokM+h cksyh tkoSA b.kjh [kkl&[kkl micksfy;ka esa FkGh] tks/kiqj vj chdkusj fx.kh tkoSA cksyh [ksrj vj lkfgR; nksowa nhB lwa ekjokM+h jktFkkuh Hkklk jh lSa lwa lkaoBh cksyh gSA vkfndky lwa ys;*j vtsyx rkabZ ekjokM+h uS jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS ^ekud l:i* esa Lohdkj djhT;kS gS vj vk cksyh jktLFkkuh jh lkfgfR;d Hkklk jS^;h gSA flej/k lkfgfR;d ijaijk jh /kf.k;k.kh b.k cksyh esa fMaxG tSM+h yawBh dkO;lSyh] lksjBk ftL;kS Nan vj ekaM jkx tSM+h txpkoh folslrkoka feGSA b.k cksyh esa laLØr] izkØr] viHkzal vj vjch&Qkjlh jS lcnka jk lgt vj vksirk esG bZ feGSA

ekjokM+h cksyh jh folslrkoka&

¼v½ lEcU/kdkjd lk: jk] jh] jS] jkS cksY;k tkoSA

¼c½ la;kstd&vO;o jS :i esa ^uS* dS ^vj* cjrhtSA

¼l½ rkGO; ^'k* jh BkSM+ nUrh ^l* bZ cjR;kS tkoSA

¼n½ oSfnd ^G* b.kjh [kkl vksG[kka.k gSA ekjokM+h cksyh jkS nk[kGkS &

^^fl;kGS jh gkM daikorh ljnhA cha ljnh esa rks ?kj vkGk eqjnS uS bZ ckjS uha dk<+s eqag va/kkjS vka[;ka esa xh<+ Hkj~;ksM+ks] QkV~;ksM+h dkacG vks<~;ksM+ks Hkh[kks pwYgS ekFkS ik.kh rkrks djS gksA lkeS /kkiwM+h Bk"Bk uSa nworh pk; jh R;kjh djS ghA** ¼tw>rh tw.k&xksiky tkslh½

2-4-2 <wa<kM+h &

<wa<kM+h cksyh <wa<kM+h [ksrj esa cksyh tkoSA b.kuS ^t;iqj* bZ dS^;ks tkoSA <wa<kM+h t;iqj jS lkFkS&lkFkS fdlux<+&Vksad jS ?k.kdjS Hkkx jS vykoS vtesj&esjokM+k jS mRrjknS& mxe.kS [ksrj rkabZ cksyh tkoSA b.kjkS

<wa<kM+h ukao b.k vapy jS ukao ^<wa<kM+* jS vk/kkj ekFkS ;M~;kSA ^<wa<kM+ ukaodj.k* jkS vk/kkj ^<wa<* dS ^<wa<kdzfr ijcr* tdks tkscusj jS duS jks fLFkr gS] ekU;kS tkoSA

<wa<kM+h cksyh jh micksfy;ka esa rksjkokVh] dkBSM+] pkSjklh] ukxjpkG vj jktkokVh mYys[ktksx gSA b.k cksyh esa xwtjkrh vj ekjokM+h jS cjkscj izHkko lkFkS czt jh folslrkok bZ fuxS vkoSA <wa<kM+h cksyh lkfgfR;d ijaijk jh nhB lwa ekSdGh flej/k jS*; gSA lar dfo nknwn;ky vj okajh flL;&ijkaijk jk dfo;ka <wa<kM+h cksyh esa ekSdGS lkfgR; jh fljt.kk djhA

<wa<kM+h cksyh jh folslrkoka &

¼v½ lEcU/kdkjd lk: dk] dh] dS cjO;kS tkoSA

¼+c½ orZekudky lk: ^N* Hkwrdky lk: ^Nh* vj HkfoL;dky lk: L;wa] L;k] yk] yh vkn jkS iz;ksx dj~;ks tkoSA

<waVkM+h cksyh jkS uewukS& ^^vsd ewath duS FkksM+ks&lks /ku NksA ÅauS gj Hkxr ;ks gh Mj yX;kS jg Nks nqfu;k Hkj dk lxGk pkj&/kkM+srh Egkjk bZ /ku ij vka[k xkM esyh NSA dkabZ Bk dS dn vkj^j ywV ySykA**

¼jktLFkkuh Hkklk vkSj lkfgR;& eksrhyky esukfj;k½ 2-4-3 gkM+kSrh&

gkM+kSrh dksVk] cwanh vj >kykokM+ [ksrj esa cksyh tkoSA b.k HkwHkkx jS ukao ^gkM+kSrh [ksrj 8 jS vk/kkj ekFkS bZ b.k cksyh jkS ukaodj.k gq;kSA mPpkj.k jh nhB lwa gkM+kSrh ekFkS <wa<kM+h jkS lkaxksikax vlj feGSA gkM+kSrh cksyh yksd lkfgR; jh nhB lwa ekSdGh flej/k jS^;h gSA

¼v½ lEcU/kdkjd lk: ds] dk] dh] dks] js] jk] jh] jks] .ks].kk] .kh cjR;k tkoSA

¼c½ gkM+kSrh cksyh esa ^b*] ^vs* vj ^vkS* Lojka jkS iz;ksx uha feGSA ft;ka^ beyh uS gkM+kSrh esa ^vkEyh*

mPpkfjr dj~;kS tkoSA b.kht Hkkar ^feu[k* uS ^eu[k* vuqukfldrk* ¼-½ feG] ft;ka ?kkl&?kkal] jk[kl&jka[kl]

dkp&dkap vknA

gkM+kSrh cksyh jkS uewukS& ^^gkM+kSrh dk yksdukVd [kqY;k vkleku dS uhpS gkoS NS] dnh&dnh eap iS pkan.kh rk.k nS NSA yhyku~ dks Vse rks can~;ks NS i.k [ksy dnha ch dj~;k tk ldS] i.k djlk.kh lwa uphar gkscks t:jh NSA** ¼gkM+kSrh dk yhyk&[;ky&iwjoh jktLFkku jh cksyh gSA½

2-4-4 esokrh&

esokrh mRrj&iwjoh jktLFkku jh cksyh gSA b.kjS cksyh[ksrj esa vyoj] Hkjriqj jkS mRrjknkS&vkFkw.kkS Hkkx vj gfj;k.kk jS xqM+xkao jkS fn[k.kknkS Hkkx lkey fx.khtSA b.k cksyh ekFkS czt vj [kM+hcksyh jkS lkaxksikax vlj fuxS vkoSA esokrh jh [kkl&[kkl micksfy;ka esa dBsj esokrh] Hk;kuk esokrh] vkjst esokrh] ugsM+k esokrh]

ch?kksrk esokrh] vj [kM+h esokrh fx.kh tkoSA pj.knklh iaFk jko lar dfo;ka jkS lkfgR; b.kh cksyh esa feGSA esokrh jh folslrkoka&

¼v½ esokrh& ^vksdkjkUr* cksyh gSA b.kesa ^vkdkjkUr* laX;koka vj Hkwrdkfyd ^vkdkjkUr* fØ;koka

^vksdkjUr* OgS tkoSA ft;ka&HksfM+;ks] eSa.kks] dkxyks] fcVksM+ks vknA

¼c½ ^v* Loj /ofu jkS ^vk*] ^b*] ^m* esa cnGko esokrh cksyh jh folslrk gSA ft;ka&tylk&ftyklk]

[ktwj&f[ktwj] ljdkjh&fljdkjh vknA

¼l½ ^vkdkjkUr* lcnka esa vsdopu lwa cgqopu c.kkaorh cxr ^vuqLokj* ¼ ½ ^d*] ^u* jkS iz;ksx feGSA ft;ka&psyka] psykuA

¼n½ lEcU/kdkjd lk: dk] dh] ds vkn cjR;k tkoSA esokrh cksyh jkS uewukS& ¼v½ rksyw eSauw dgh gh]

okM+h rw vk;ks uka;A**

¼l½ ^^lqiuk esa NG yh cUnh vk/kh &lh jkr]

fi;k esjks pkSiM+ dkS f[kykjh jSA

rksMwa- pj[kk ns nwa rks esa vkx jp[kks esjh Nkrh dks tGkok jS!**

2-4-5 okxM+h

Mwaxjiqj vj ckalokM+k jkS [ksrj okxM+ ukao lwa tk.khtSA b.kh jS vk/kkj ekFkS v[kjh cksyh jkS ukao ^okxM+h*

FkjihT;kSA vk esokM+ jS fn[k.kkn vj lwaFk jS mRrjkn esa bZ cksyh tkoSA MkW- fxz;lZu vj MkW- fnus'k vkn fo}ku b.k cksyh uS ^Hkhyh* ukao fn;kSA okxM+h cksyh ekFkS xqtjkrh jkS [kklk izHkko fuxS vkoSA okxM+h yksd lkfgR;

jh nhB lwa ekSdGh flej/k gSA b.k cksyh jk lkfgR;dkjka vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa lkaxksikax tl dek;kS gSA

okxM+h jh folslrkoka o+kxM+h cksyh jkS uewukS&^^vW.kuS eksVs Hkkxs lH;rk uh x.krjh e, ybZ 'kdk; gS tsuwa ds eus vktuh Qs'ku uk ije.kks laLd`fr us ctk; lH;rk us laLd`fr uks 'ksjkS ¼eq[kksVks½ isjkoh] uS]

v.kxersl] o.kZ djoqa iM+h j~;w gSA** ¼ckxM+ uh laLd`fr] i`-51½ 2-4-6 esokM+h&

esokM+ [ksrj jS fn[k.kh&Åxe.kh Hkkx uSa VkG^j lxGS esokM+ vj m.kjS lhekM+S jS iznslka jk dqNsd Hkkxka

¼uhep&e/;iznsl½ esa esokM+h cksyh tkoSA b.kjkS vlyh :i esokM+ jS xkaoka esa lq.;kS tk ldS] tBS vk lq) :i esa cjrhtSA lgjh esokM+h ekFkS fgUnh] mnwZ vj vaxzsth Hkklkoka jkS vlj c/krkS tk; jS^;kS gSA esokM+h lkfgfR;d nhB lwa flej/k ijaijk jh /kf.k;k.kh jS^;h gSA b.kh cksyh esa egkjk.k dqHkkth ¼la- 1490&1525½ P;kj ukVdka jh fljt.kk djhA m.k iNS esokM+h cksyh esa ywaBk lkfgR;dkjka jh ijaijk lkaEgh vkbZA b.kesa gsejru lwfj]

fdluk vk<k] egkjkt prqjflag] ukFkwflag efg;kfj;k] jkeflag lksyadh] jk.kh y{ehdqekjh pw.Mkor vkn mYys[ktkx ukao gSA MkW- czteksgu tkofy;k esokM+h jh nks micksfy;ka ikoZrh vj eSnkuh fx.kkbZ gSA

esokM+h cksyh jh folslrkoka&

¼v½ esokM+ esa ^b&dkj* vj ^m&dkj*jh BkSM+ ^v&dkj* jh izozfr feGSA ft;ka&gktj] eu[k] ekye]

ojktkS vknA

¼c½ Hkwrdkfyd lgk;d fØ;koka lk: Fkk] Fkh] gks vj HkfoL;r~ dkfyd fØ;koka lk: xk] xh] xks jkS iz;ksx dj~;ks tkoSA b.kjS VkG HkfoLO;r~dkfyd fØ;koka esa izlax eqtc yk] yh] yks bZ cjR;k tkoSA

¼l½ esokM+h cksyh esa lEcU/kdkjd ijljxka jS :i esa dk] dh] dS jS lkxS jk] jh] jS] jkS bZ iz;ksx feGSA esokM+h cksyh jkS uewukS& ^^iksg jks ehauksA bZ;ka gh BaM ?k.kh vj vkt jk vksGk esg lwa rks pksx.kh OgSxhA oklnh lqyxk; rkoSA Vkcj ekoksa us uha NksMS+A Mksdjk Mksdjh cSB~;k ^^jke&jke** djrk] bUnj lwa dksi de dj.kS jh vjnkl djSA ¼eka>y jkr] i`-88½

2-4-7 ekyoh& mTtSu jS vk[krh& ik[krh jkS bykdkS ekyok ukao lwa vksG[khtSA b.k [ksrj esa izpfyr cksyh jkS ukao ekyoh gSA b.kjS vkFkw.k esa izrkix<+ ¼jktLFkku½] jryke ¼e/;iznsl½] fn[k.k&vkFkw.k esa bUnkSj]

mRrj&fiPNe esa uhpe vj mrjkn esa Xokfy;j jkS FkksM+kS^d fgLlkS lkey gSA ekuoh esa ekjokM+h vj <wa<kM+h jh folslrkoka ns[k.k uS feGS] lkxS bZ ls[kkokVh jkS izHkko b.k ckyh jS ehBkl esa c/ksikS djSA ekyoh cksyh jS lcn Hk.Mkj ekFkS ejkBh jkS vlj bZ fuxS vkoSA b.kjh micksfy;ka esa uhekM+h] me<okM+h] jrykeh] lksa/kokM+h vkn [kkl gSA ekyoh yksd lkfgR; jh nhB lwa lkaxksikax flej/k cksyh gSA

ekyoh cksyh jh folslrkoka&

¼v½ dky uS njlko.k lk: ^gks*] ^gh* jh BkSM+ ^Fkks*] ^Fkh* jkS iz;kx dj~;kS tkoSA

¼c½ ^?k* jh BksM+ ^;* dS ^o* /ofu feGSA

¼l½ ^l* jh BksM+ ^g* jkS iz;ksx dj~;kS tkoSA ekyoh cksyh jkS uewukS&

^^vsd ewath jS duS FkkSM+ks eky FkksA o.kh uSa gnkabZ vks Mj ykX;ks jsrks Fkks ds vk[kkh nwfu;k jk pksj uS Mkdw Egkjkt /ku ij vka[;k yxk;ka Fkdk gS] uh ekye dgh vkbZ uS oh ywVh ysxkA**

2-4-8 ls[kkokVh&

jktLFkku izkar jS Åxw.kS&mRrjknS [ksrj jh Hkkse ls[kkokVh ukao lwa vkSG[kh tkoSA [ksrj jS ukao jS vk/

kkj ekFkS bZ v[kjh cksyh jkS ukao ^ls[kkokVh* iM~-;kSA vkt jk lhdj >qa>quq vj pq: jk dqNsd fgLlS rkabZ ls[kkokVh cksyh tkoSA vks [ksrj jktLFkku jh lkfgfR;d vj lkaLdzfrd flej/krk jkS dsUnz ekU;kS tkoSA jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jS vkfndky lwa ys;^j vk/kqfud cxr rkabZ b.k [ksrj jh ywaBh lkfgfR;d ijaijk jS^;h gSA ls[kkokVh cksyh esa dksbZ micksyh uha ekuh tkoSA i.k b.k ekFkS ekjokM+h vj <wa<kM+h cksyh jkS lkaxksikax vlj feGSA

ls[kkokVh cksyh jh folslrkoka&

¼v½ HkfoL;rdkfydk fØ;k lk: lk] lh jkS iz;ksx dj~;kS tkoSA

¼c½ lEcU/k&dkjdka jS okLrS dk] dh] ds ijljxka jkS iz;ksx djhtSA ckyh jkS uewukS&

^^esjk cki dk ukSdj&pkdjka uS jksVh ?k.kh vj eSa Hkwdks e:aA esa mBL;wa vj esjS cki dS duS tkL;wa vj cS uS dsL;wa cki] eSa jketh dks iki dj~;kS vj eSa rsjks csVks dqgoko.k tkxks dksuhA rsjS ukSdjka esa vsd e=kS ch jk[k ysA** ¼jktLFkku dk Hkklk losZ{k.k] i`-129½

2-5 bdkbZ jkS lkj

jktLFkkuh jh [kkl&[kkl cksfy;ka jkS ifjpS dj~;ka iNS vk ckr f) gqoS dS jktLFkkuh vsd lkaoBh Hkklk gSA U;kjS&U;kjS [ksrjka esa cksyht.k okGh vka cksfy;ka jkS ekud :i bZ jktLFkkuh gSa vBS vkS rFk mtkxj dj.kkS

?k.kkS lgk;d jSlh dS jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa vkfndky lwa bZ HkklkbZ vsd:irk jk njl.k feGSA

tkykSj jk eqagrk uS.klh] tks/iqj jk dfojktk ckadhnkl] chdkusj jk n;kynkl] cwanh jk egkdfo lw;ZeYy ehl.k vj vyoj jsoklh jkeukFk dfo;k js lkfgR;dkj jktLFkku esa u;kjh&U;kjh ftX;ka jk jsoklh gk i.k b.kkjS fljt.k esa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jks ekud :i lkaEgh vkoSA

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh cksfy;ka&micksfy;ka m.kjh flej/krk esa c/ksikS djSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk ?k.kh ywaBh vj foLo jh twuh vj flej/k Hkklk esa lwa vsd gSA

2-6 vH;kl lk: loky

¼v½ uhpS fy[;kSM+k lokyka jk iM~-Urj lonka jS yxSVxS nsokS&

1- jktLFkkuh Hkklk ckcr lks/k dj.k okGk nslh&fonslh fo}kuka jks mYys[k djkSA 2- jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh [kkl&[kkl cksfy;ka jk ukao crkvkSA

3- ekjokM+h cksyh jktLFkku jh folslrkoka crkvkSA 4- <wa<+kM+h cksyh jktLFkku jS dq.klS [ksrj esa cksyh tkoSA 5+ gkM+kSrh cksyh jh folslrkoka crkvkSA

¼c½ uhpS fy[;k lokyka jk iMw-Urj lcnka esa nsokSA 1- lj tkWtZ vczkge fxz;Zlu jkS Hkklk losZ{k.k LiLV djkSA

2- Hkklk foX;kfudka jh ifjHklkoka vj vjFkka jh lgk;rk lwa ^cksyh* jks vjFk vkijS lcnka esa le>kokSA 3- esokrh cksyh ckcr [kqyklkS djkS

4- esokM+h cksyh jkS cksyh[ksrj crkaork Fkdka b.kjh folslrkoka jkS [kqyklkS djkSA 5- ls[kkokVh jS cksyh[ksrj vj folslrkoka uS njlkoSA

2-7 lUnHkZ iksfFk;ka jkS foojkS

1- MkW- eksrhyky esukfj;k & jktLFkkuh Hkklk vkSj lkfgR;A 2- izkss- dY;k.kflag 'ks[kkor & jktLFkkuh Hkklk ,oa lkfgR; A 3- la- MkW- nso dksBjh & jktLFkkuh Hkklk vkSj mldh cksfy;ka A 4- ch- ,y- ekyh ^v'kkar* & jktLFkkuh lkfgR; dk vkfndkyA 5- tkxrh tksr ¼ekfle jktLFkkuh if=dk½A

bdkbZ&3

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh O;kdj.k jh [kkl folslrkoka

bdkbZ jh foxr 3-0 mísL;

3-1 izLrkouk

3-2 jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh O;kdj.kxr folslrkoka jkS ojxhdj.k 3-2-1 laX;k ¼laKk½ lEcU/kh folslrkoka

3-2-2 ljouke ¼loZuke½ lEcU/kh folsrkoka 3-2-3 fØ;k lEcU/kh folslrkoka

3-2-4 fyax lEcU/kh folslrkoka 3-2-5 opu lEcU/kh folslrkoka 3-2-6 izR;; lEcU/kh folslrkoka

3-2-7 /oU;kRed vj mnkgj.k lEcU/kh folslrkoka 3-3 bdkbZ jkS lkj

3-4 vH;kl jk loky 3-5 lanHkZ xzUFk lwph 3-0 mísL;

b.k bdkbZ jkS ewG mn~nsL; jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh [kkl&[kkl folslrkoka jh foxr uS mtkxj dj.kkS gSA jktLFkkuh jh O;kdj.kxr folslrkoka Hkh Hkkar&Hkkar rjS jh gS] ft.kkajh tka.kdkjh b.k bdkbZ esa izLrqr djh tkoSyh] v/;;u jS iNS fuEu fcUnqoka js :i esa jktLFkkuh jh O;kdj.kxr folslrkoka lkaeh vklh&

 laX;k lEcU/kh folslrkoka

 loZuke lEcU/kh folslrkoka

 fyax lEcU/kh folslrkoka

 opu lEcU/kh folslrkoka

 izR;; lEcU/kh folslrkoka

 /oU;kRed lEcU/kh folslrkoka 3-1 izLrkouk

Hkklk feu[k jS fodkl jks lc lwa egrkÅ lk/ku gSA Hkklk gh ckS lk/ku gS] ft.kjS }kjk eku[kkS vkijk fopkjka jkS vknku&iznku djS gSA fd.kh Hkh Hkklk uS lqlaxxfBr :i esa izLrqr dj.k esa m.k Hkklk jkS O;kdj.k

[kkl egRo jk[kS gSA jktLFkkuh jkS O;kdj.k oLrqr% lEiU= uS flej/k gSA b.kjs O;kdj.k esa laX;k] ljouke]

fyax] cpu] izR;;] fØ;k] jh [kkl Hkksfedk gSA vj jktLFkkuh esa /oU;kRedrk Hkh ns[k.k feGS gSA jktlFkkuh jh O;kdj.k ?k.kh flej/k gSA

3-2 jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh O;kdj.kxr folslrkoka jkS ojxhdkj.k

jktLFkkuh Hkklk olrqr% lEiU= vj flej/k Hkklk gSA vSfrgkfld nkSj lwa iSyk feu[k cksy.kkS lh[k~;ksa iNS fy[k.kkSA vk[kjka jh c.kkoV bZ cksyh jkS bZ ekSu :i gSA vuqukfld /ofu;ka jS [kkrj ukd jkS [kkl egRo gSA b.k [kkrj mPpkj.k jh /ofu;ka jh lekurk gks.k jS iNS Hkh gjSd tkr jh /ofu lEifr U;kajh gSA Hkkar&Hkkar folslrk jS gkso.k js dkj.k gjSd Hkklk jh O;kdj.k vkijkS U;kajkS vfLrRo jk[kS gSA jktLFkkuh jh [kkl&[kkl folslrkoka jkS ojxhdj.k fuEu Hkkar lwa dj~;ks tk jS;k gS%&

3-2-1 laX;k lEcU/kh folslrkoka&

jktLFkkuh esa laX;k lEcU/kh folslrkoka jk :i b.k Hkkar gS&

¼1½ tkfrokpd laX;k jS folsl.k lcnka jS vkxs ^i.k* ^i.kkS* yxko.k lwa Hkkookpd laX;k o.k tkoS gS T;ka&Vkacj&Vkaoji.kkS feu[k&feu[ki.k@feu[ki.kkS

¼2½ dnSbZ& dnSbZ /kkrq lcnka jS iNS ^vkoV* izR;; yxk*j Hkkookpd uke c.k tkoS gSA T;ka&

fy[k.kkS&fy[k&fy[kkoV

¼fØ;k½ ¼/kkrq lcn½ ¼Hkkookpd½

¼3½ dBSbZ&dBSbZ folsl.k lcnka jS iNS ^ikS* izR;; yxk^j Hkkookpd uke o.k tkoS gSA T;ka&

cw<+kS&cw<+kikS jkth&jkthikS

¼4½ fØ;k jS lcnka lwa Hkh Hkkookph lcn c.kS gSA T;ka&

nkSM+.kkS&nkSM+

pky.kkS&pky

gl.kkS&gl@glks

¼5½ folsl.k lcnka jS iNS ^vkS* OgS rks m.kuS g;^j m.kjh BkSM+ ^vkbZ* izR;; yxk;^j Hkkookpd uke c.k tkoS gSA T;ka&

eksVkS&eksVkbZ HkykS&FkykbZ cqjkS&cqjkbZ

3-2-2 ljouke lEcU/kh folslrkoka

¼1½ lEcU/kokph ljouke ft.k ukeka lwa lEcU/k jk[kS gS] oS ?k.k[kjka m.kkajS lkFkS tqM+;ka jSoS gSA ft.klwa lEcU/okph ljouke folsl.k jh rjS iz;qDr gksoS gSA

T;ka& tdhckr gks.kh oka gks;sxh

¼2½ tnS dksbZ vfu'p;okph] ljouke jks iz;ksx ^tnS] tdkS] tdk] ft.k] th* :i esa gksoS gS rnS fd.kh okD; jS nwtS miokD; esa rn] frdk] fr.k] oh] oks] ok] OgS tkoS gSA T;ka&

ftdksbZ vkbZ frdksbZ [kkbZ*

¼3½ fd.kh O;fDr ;k oLrq ekFkS tksj nso.k jS [kkrj iqu:fG djh tkoS gSA T;ka &

pwarjh ekFkS dq.k mHkkS gS\

¼4½ izk.kh] inkjFk vj /kje fu/kkZj.k [kkrj dha] dkabZ] dqa.k] fd;kS] d;kS] fdlkS] tSM+ka ljoukek jkS iz;ksx OgS gSA T;ka&fue[k dkabZ\

¼5½ ft.k ljouke lcnk lwa dSo.k okGka O;fDr ;k oLrq jkS cks/k OgS m.kkauS mre&iq:"k ljouke dS;ks tkoS gSA T;ka&eS] lc] eSa lkjk] eS lkjk ft.kk] eSa lcn mre iq:"k ljouke gSA

¼6½ vfu'pokpd ljouke dksbZ jS :i esa fMaxG esa ^dks* vkn c.kS gS vj futokpd ^vki* ds vkika]

vki.k] vki.kkS vkn ns[k.k feGS gSA

¼7½ jktLFkkuh jk ljouke cgqopu esa bdkjkUr OgS tkoS gS svj L=hfyax esa vdkjkUr Hkh OgS tkoS gSA T;ka& tS] ;S uS ¼cgqopu½

tk] ;k ¼L=hfyax½

¼8½ mÙke iq:"k ljouke jk nks; Hksn ¼:i½ feGS gS] ft.kesa EgS] vk;k] b.kesa ^EgS* Jksr fujis[k vj

^vk;k* Jksr lkis[k gSA

¼9½ lEcU/kokpd ljouke jS twauS :ika esa fV~Vdk vj vk/kqfud :ik esa lks] T;ks] T;kjks] tdkS] ft.kjkS vkn [kkl gSA

¼10½ lEcU/k okpd ljouke ljy okD; esa dnSbZ uha vkoSA oS geslk feJ ¼HkSGS½ okD; jS vkfJr folsl.k miokD; esa bZ vkoS gSA

T;ka& tdkS lksoSyk okS [kksoSyk]

okS edku fxj x;ks ft.kesa Fkwa jSorks gks]

¼11½ dqNSbZ ljouke laX;k jS iSyk folsls.kor~ dke djS gSA T;ka&

ckS tk jS;ks gS\&ckS feu[k tk jS;ks gSA dksbZ x;ks& dkbZ feu[k x;ksA

¼12½ tnS ^fd;kS] d;kS] dqa.k* jkS iz;ksx uha jS vjFk esa gksoS gS rnS uS fØ;k folsl.k jh rjS iz;qDr gksoS gksA T;ka&

vkS dkae fdlkS nksjkS gS\

vk ckr vkijS lk: fdlh nksjh gS\

¼13½ ^dkabZ] dabZ dh] dbZ] dkbZ] jh iqu:fDr lwa fujkGSi.k jkS cks/k Hkh gksoS gSA T;ka&

Fkwa tks/kiqj lwa dabZ&dabZ@ dkabZ&dkabZ@ dh&dh phtka yk;kS]

vsd ?kM+h esa dkabZ jkS dkabZ@dabZ jkS dabZ@dh jkS dh* gks; x;kS]

¼14½ fd.kh uS vko&vknj ns[k.k [kkrj laX;k lcnka jh dGk ljouke lcnka jkS bZ cgqopu esa iz;ksx gksoS gSA T;ka&

vS yksd pkaok ekrkth gSA vkt ;ka jkS Hkkl.k OgSyka]

3-2-3 fØ;k lEcU/kh folslrkoka

¼1½ vdjed fØ;k esa dje uha jSoS gSA ldjed fØ;k jkS dje djrka jh rjS bZ uke] ljouke] ;k folsl.k lcnka esa jSoS gSA

T;ka& ^ckai csVs uS nwFk ik;kS]*

b.k okD; esa ^uS* foHkfDr fpUg gS] ^nwFk* dje gS vj ^ik;kS* lgk;d fØ;k gSA

¼2½ dnSbZ&dnSbZ vdje uS ldjed fØ;koka jS lkFkS m.kh fØ;k lwa fufeZr Hkkookpd uke lcn dje jS :i esa vkoS gSA

T;ka Nksdjk jear jeS gSSA

¼3½ vdje fØ;koka uS ldje c.kko.k [kkrj m.kesa ^vk* tksM+ fn;ks tkorks gks] T;ka&

ej.kkS&ej.kkS dj.kkS&dkj.kkS]

¼4½ /ofuewGd /kkrqoka esa ^.kkS* izR;; yxk;^j c.kk;h tkoS gSA vSM+h /kkrqoka Hkkjrh; ifjokj jh lxGh Hkklkoka esas feGS gSA vSM+h /kkrqoka esa /ked.kkS] FkjFk.kkS] [kV[kVk.kkS [kkl gSA

¼5½ jktLFkkuh esa vjFk izdV dj.k [kkrj djeokpd fØ;k vkoS gSA tnS fd.kh fØ;k jS djrka jkS irks uha OgS rks m.kuS izdV dj.k jh t:jr uha gksoS gSA

T;ka &pksj idfM+;kS x;kS gSA

¼6½ vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh jh HkfoL;r dky jh fØ;k esa ^lh* ykx*j gh :i c.kS gSA T;ka&

djht& djhtlh]

[koht& [kohtlh]

¼7½ fd.kh Hkh fØ;k jkS Hkwrdkfyd lq:i fØ;k uS ^vksdkjkUr* ;k ^;ks* yxk^j izeq[k dj~;ks tkoS gSA T;ka& ns[;kS ¼ns[k½

HkkxkS ¼HkkxS½

¼8½ jktLFkkuh esa vdje uS ldje c.kko.kkS fuEu Hkkar lwa dj~;ks tkoS gSA vko yxk*j &tkx.kkS&txko.kkS]

vkM+ yxk^j &tho.kkS&thokM+.kkS]

/kkrq jS mikUO; Loj esa cnyko^j& mrj.kkS]

/kkrq esa cnyko djuS& VwV.kkS&rksM+.kkS

¼9½ fMaxy esa ojreku dky nks; rjS lwa O;Dr dj~;ksa tkoS gSA vsd rks ewG fØ;k esa ^b^ foHkfDr yxk;^j vj nwtkS ewG fØ;k jS ykjS NS] Nwa vj Nk¡ yxk;^j]

T;wa Egk¡jh vk¡[kM+yh QjdS NS] <+ksykS vkolh]

¼10½ iwoZdkfyd fØ;koka fMaxG esa izk;% fØ;k jS var esa ^v* ^bZ* ^,fo* ^uS* ^gS* vkn izR;; yxk;^j c.kk;h tkoS gSA T;ka&

ikfyv&¼ikyudj½ t;j& ¼tkdj½ fy[kuS&¼fy[kdj½

¼11½ vkX;kjFk fØ;koka jS :i esa fMaxG esa izk;% ewG fØ;k jS var esa ^oS* ;k ^tS* izR;; tksM+.k lwa o.kS gSA T;wa&

fy[kkoS] djkoS] fn[koS isf[ktS]

¼12½ fØ;k /kkrq jS var esa ^.kk* tksM+.k lwa tdks lcn c.kS gS cks fØ;k jkS lkekU; :i gksoS gS] T;ka&

vkU.kkS] tk.kkS] gks.kkS] lks.kkS] ih.kkS vkn]

3-2-4 fyax lEcU/kh folslrkoka

¼1½ jktLFkkuh esa dqNSbZ vSM+h laX;koka gS tdh dqNSbZ ilq] dhM+k vkn tkfr;ka jkS cks/k djkoS gS] oS

;krks dsoy iqfYyax gksoS gS ;k dS:a dsoy dsoy L=hfya gksoS gSA T;ka&

[kVeV& ekNyh

ekNj&iqfYyax ek[kh&L=hfyax ia[kh phy&

¼2½ i.k] i.kkS] ikS] pkjkS i vkn izR;; yxk;^j c.k.k okGka Hkkookpd uke lcn Hkh iqfYyax gksoS gSA T;ka&Hkyia.k] Vkoji.kkS] cq<+kikS] xksyhikS] feu[khpkjkS] HkkbZpkjkS] feyki] vkn]

¼3½ feu[k jS 'kjhj jk vaxk jk uke&ekFkkS] fyykM-] ukd] dku] gksB] xGkS] nkar] vaxwBkS] gkFk] ix vkn lSa lcn iqfYyax gksoS gSA

¼4½ tdka lcnka jS var esa ^bZ* jh ek=k OgS] oS ?k.k[kjka lcn L=hfyax gksoS gSA T;ka&ukM+h] pksVh] [ksrh]

iksFkh] njh] Vksih vknA

¼5½ dke&/ka/kk vj tkfrokph bZdkjkUr iqfYyax lcnka jS vkxS v.k^ izR;; yxko.k lwa L=hfyax lcn c.k tkoS gSA b.kesa ^bZ* jkS yksi OgS tkoS gSA

T;ka& ekGh&eky.k

iqfYyax /kksch& /kksc.k L=hfyax njth&njt.k

¼6½ ^vk* jS var esa gks.k okGh dqN iqfYyax laX;koka&^vk* jS BkSM+ ekFkS&b;k uS xzg.k djuS Hkh L=hfyax c.k tkoS gSA T;ka &

cw<+k & cwf<+;k csVk & fcfV;k dqrk & dqfr;k

¼7½ dqNSbZ iqfYyax laX;kok uS ^vk.kh* jS ;ksx lwa L=hfyax tkoS gSA T;ka&

iqfYyax L=hfyax

lsB & lsBk.kh ukSdj & ukSdjk.kh 3-2-5 cpu lEcU/kh folslrkoka

jktLFkkuh esa ,d opu lwa cgqopu c.kko.k jk fu;e b.k eqtc gS&

¼1½ vksdkjkUrd lcnka jS cgqopu esa ^vkS* jh BkSM+ ^vkS* yxk;*j vkdkjkUr lcn c.kk;k tkoS gSA T;ka&

?kksM+kS&?kksM+k x/kkS& x/kk HkkYkkS&Hkkyk NksjkS&Nksjk csVkS&csVk

¼2½ vkdkjkUr vj mdkjkUr lcnka esa ^ok* js iz;ksx lwa ,dopu lcn cgqopu esa cny tkoS gSA T;ka& ekok ¼ek½] ywok ogwoka ¼cgw½A

¼3½ nh?kZ ;k y?kq ^bdkjkUr* ,dopu lcnka jkS cgqopu :ikUrj.k ^;k* vk[kj jS iz;ksx lwa OgS tkoS gSA T;ka&

dfo&dfo;k]

jksVh&jksfV;k]

¼4½ vkdkjkUrd ,dopu jkS cgqopu :ikUrj.k vkdkjkUrd jS :i esa gksoS gSA T;ka& uj&ujka] jkr&jkrka] [ksr&[ksrkaA

¼5½ dnSbZ&dnSbZ dqN lcn yxk;^j Hkh cgqopu izdV dj~;ks tkoS gSA T;ka&yksx] x.k] tu vkn yxk;^j] T;ka&

jktk & jktk yksx Nk= & Nk=x.k dfo & dfotu]

¼6½ dSbZ ÅdkjkUr ,dopu lcnka eka; lwa ^Å* jh ek=k vkxS dj.kh iMS-] iNS lcn jS vkxS ^vka*

tksM+.k lwa cgqopu c.kS gSA T;ka&

Mkdw& Mkdoka lk/kw&lk/koka

3-2-6 izR;; lEcU/kh folslrkoka

+¼1½ vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh jh laX;koka esa ^vkS] bZ] ^izR;; tksM+.k lwa ?k.kk bZ ?k.kk P;kj :i ckV~;ka tk ldS gSA T;ka&lksfu;k] lksuks] lksuh]

¼2½ vk.kh] .kh] bZ^ izR;; lwa jktLFkkuh laX;koka jS fyax :ik jh jpuk gksoS gSA T;ka&

ckf.k;kS& cf.k;kM+h lsB & lsBk.kh dqEgkj& dqEgkjh

¼3½ jktLFkkuh esa /kkrqoka lwa HkSGkS OgS*j tdka izR;; laX;k] folsl.k vkn lcnka jh jpuk djS gS] oS d`r&izR;; dSgykoS gSA d`r izR;; esa vkbZ vj vkÅ* ns[k.k feGS gSA T;ka& vkbZa&i<+kbZ] fy[kkbZ] p<kbZ]

vkÅ&fcdkÅ] fVdkÅ] mM+kÅ*

¼4½ jktLFkkuh esa /kkrq jS VkGoka lcn laX;k] ljouke] folsl.k vkn jS vkxS ykxf.k;ka izR;;ka uS

^rfUnr* izR;; dSoS gSA b.kkjksa vk;kS vkbZ] bZ i.kkS vkn lwa lcn c.kS gSA T;ka vkbZ& esgkbZ] feBkbZ] lQkbZ

vkikS& cw<+kikS] QqVjkikS bZ& [ksrh] rsyh] pkanuh

i.kkS& ekbZ i.kkS] feu[ki.kkS] Vkoji.kkS]

3-2-7 /oU;kRed ;k mPpkj.k lEcU/kh&folslrkoka

¼1½ jktLFkkuh esa lkekU;r;k nwth Hkklkoka esa tdk dBksj ;k nh?kZ oj.k ekU;k x;k gS m.kkajkS lgt :i lwa iz;ksx Ogh;ks gSA vk oj.kko jS iz;ksx lwa Hkklk esa /oU;kRedrk vk tkoS gSA m.k oj.kka jS iz;ksx lwa uS m.kkajS mPpkj.k jS leS cS lcn /ofu jS :i esa xwatS gSA b.k rjS jk oj.k nwth BkSM- uha feGS gSA T;ka& V] B]

M] <+] .k] v] GA

¼2½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh [kkl /ofu;ka esa ^G* oj.kk jS iz;ksx jh Hkh vkijh folslrk gSA rsyxqvj ejkBh esa Hkh b.kjkS iz;ksx Ogh;ksa gSA izk;% ^G* uS ^y* jkS cny;ksM+kS lq:i eku.k jh HkwG djh tkoS gS] i.k okLro esa vS nksuwa vkijS lqorarj iz;ksxka esa lqorarj vjFk fy;ka Fkdka gksoS gSSA T;ka&

ikGkS&iSny

ikyks& >kM+h jkS irks dkGkS&dkyk

dkykS&ikxy

¼3½ izkd`r vj viHkzal Hkklkoka jS izHkko jS dkj.k vj e/;dkyhu jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS lcnka jS ykjS folsl :i lwa ^m* vj ^b* jh ek=koka tqM+ tkorh gSA vk ek=koka jS iz;ksx lwa vjFk uha cnyrkS] dsoy lcn

:i vj cksy.k :i vj cksy.k jkS lq:i cny tkorks gksA T;ka&

vkfo;m] tksob] [kSapb

¼4½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa gjSd Loj jh vuqukfldrk Lohdkj djh x;h gSA vuqukfld Lojka jS mPpkj.k esa lcnka jh BkSM= cBSbZ jSoS gS] i.k lkFkS bZ dksey rkyq vj ^dkSvk* uhpS >qd tkoS gS] ft.klqa eq[k }kjk fudy.k Lojka esa vuqukfldrk vk tkoS gSA Hkklk jS vk/kqfud iz;ksx esa vuqlkfdrka uS Lohdkj uha dj~;ks x;ks gSA T;ka&

vkae jkae dkae vke jke dke

¼5½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa egkizk.k] v?kks"k oj.kka jkS vFkkZr~ ^?k] >] <+] /k] Hk* jkS folsl mPpkj.k vj ekSfyd ^g* jkS fod`r mPpkj.k feGS gSA

¼6½ ?kks"k] egkizk.k ^?k] >] <+] /k] Hk* lcn jS vkfn esa jSg.k lwa oS daB&ukyh; Li'kZ lwa fefyr OgS tkoS gSA T;wa& ?kksM+k] >wB] <+kbZ /ku jS dzel% xks^M+k] tw*B] Mk*bZ n*u vkn]

¼7½ ?kks"k] egkizk.k lcn jS fopkGS ;k var esa jSg.k lwa m.kkajkS vlj lcn jS vkfn vk[kj ekFkS iM+S gSA T;wa&jkS tks*/k] ck/k jkS ck^x lka> jkS lk^t]

¼8½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa ^M* vj ^M* jh Hkh U;kajh /ofu;ka gksoS gSA fgUnh esa vS U;kajh U;kajh BkSM+ iz;qDr gksoS gSa jktLFkkuh esa b.kkajkS iz;ksx vs BkSM- Hkh OgS ldS gSA i.k vjFk esa gj BkSM+ varj gksoS gSA T;ka&

M M-

eksMks¼ekFkS jk ckG dj;kSM+ks½ eksM+ks ¼nsj OgS.kh½ ukM+h ¼ik.kh jkS x<+kS½ ukM+h ¼gkFk jh ukM+h½

¼9½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS O;atuk esa ew/kZU; ^.k*]y] d b.kkajh fiaNk.k gksoS gSA ^y* /ofu oSfnd laLd`r jS iNS jktLFkkuh jS vGkok xqtjkrh] ejkBh] iatkch vj flU/kh esa Hkh ^G* feGS gSA i.k ejkBh vj jktLFkkuh esa vkS O;atu fyfi jh lk[k izekf.kr djS gSA T;ka&

ekyh& ¼vkjfFkdfLFkfr½ ekGh& ¼tkfr folsl½ [kky& ¼peM+h½ [kkG& cSg.kkS ¼ukGkS½

¼10½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa ew/kZU; ^"k* vj rkyqO; ^'k* jh BkSM+ narh ^l* jkS iz;ksx gh ns[;kS tkoS gSA vFkkZr~

tBS Hkh ^l* oj.k jh /ofu jkS iz;ksx oBS dsoy narh ^l* gh vkoSykA T;ka&

Hkk"kk&Hkklk izdk'k&izdkl

¼11½ ^K* jh tdh fyfi /ofu gS] m.kjkS lqorarj ladsr uha gS] b.kuS ^X;* jS :i esa fy[;ks tkoS gSA T;wa&

Kku&X;ku

foKku&foX;ku

¼12½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa ^_* jkS lqorarj iz;ksx uha OgS^j b.kuS ^j* O;atu jS lkFkS bZ fy[;ks tkoS gSA

^_* jkS dkbZ fyfi ladsr uha gSA b.kjS [kkrj ^fj* jkS iz;ksx dj~;ks tkoS gSA T;ka&

_f"k&fjf"k _rq &fjrq

¼13½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa jsQ ¼f½ jkS iz;ksx uha gksoS gSA jsQ ;k rks iwjs ^j* jS :i esa cny tkoS gSA T;ka&

/keZ&/kje deZ&dje] ew[kZ&ewj[k]

¼14½ 19oha lnh rkabZ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa vuqLokj¼&½ jkS iz;ksx ?k.kkS OgSrks gks] tBS t:jr uha OgSrh]

oBS Hkh vuqLokj yxko.k jh ijEijk ns[kh tk ldS gS] i.k voS b.kjkS iz;ksx uha feGS gSA T;ka&

jka.kh] Hkheka] dojka.kh] dkae]

¼15½ laLd`r vj fgUnh jS ^u* ^g* lwa iwjk gkso.k okGka lcnka jkS izk;% ^.k*] ^u* vj ^[k* jS lkFkS fy[;kS tkoS gSA T;ka&

u;u&u;.k] flag&fla?k] jkuh&jk.kh]

¼16½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa âkLo ^b* Loj mPpkj.k jh nhB lwa fgUnh jS ^b* lwa U;kajkS gS] O;kdj.k esa b.kuS vxzLoj dSoS gSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa b.kajk dSbZ :i ^v* jS :i esa cny tkoS gSA dnSbZ ^g* jkS ^v* Hkh fy[;kS tkoS gSA T;ka&

feu[k&eu[k] fpeuh&pe.kh] ljnkj&fljnkj] dqaoj&daoj

¼17½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa ^;* O;atu jkS mPpkj.k ^t* jS :i esa Hkh izLrqr dj.k jh izo`fr Hkh ns[kh tk ldS gSA T;ka &

;'k&tl] ;'kksnk& tlksnk] ;ks)k&tks)k] ;k=k&tk=k]

¼18½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa ew/kZU; ^"k* jkS mPpkj.k jktLFkkuh esa izk;% ^[k* OgS tkoS gS i.k rRle lcnka esa dBSbZ&dBSbZ 'kq) laLd`r jkS mPpkj.k Hkh gksoS gSA T;ka&

Hkh"e&Hkh[ke] iks"k&iks[k] vklk<+&vk[k<+]

¼19½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa dqNSbZ vk[kjk ekFkS tksj nso.k lwa vj tksj uha nso.k lwa Hkh lcn jS vjFk cny tkoS gSA T;ka&

ihj ¼tksj nso.k lwa ihgj½ ihj ¼tksj uha nso.k lwa ihM+½ ukj&¼tksj nso.k lwa fl/k½ ukj&¼tksj uha nso.k lwa L=h½ dn&¼tksj nso.k lwa dnS½

dn&¼tksj uha nso.k lwa dn@yEckbZ½

¼20½ fMaxG esa folxZ ¼a]½ jkS iz;ksx uha gksoS vj vuqukflx ¼ &¡ ½ jkS iz;ksx Hkh vtS gks.k ykX;ksa gSa izkphu

fy[;ksM+ka xzaFkka esa vuqukfld jh BkSM+ ij lxGh txka vuqLokj gh fy[;ksa feGS gSA T;ka&

nkar] vkar] Hkkar]

¼21½ fMaxG esa dSbZ BkSM+ ekFkS ^,* jkS ^gS* ^l* jkS ^N* vj ^o* jkS ^e* Hkh OgS tkoS gSA T;ka&

,d&gsd] ,dBk&,dy&gsdy]

rqylh&rqyNh] lHkk& N;k] vilj&viNj]

gSoj&gSej] fdokM+ fdekM+] jko.k&jke.k]

¼22½ fMaxG esa ^,* jkS dnSbZ&dnSbZ vkS* esa dnSbZ&dnSbZ ^,* esa cny tkoS gSA T;wa& rsx&rksx] xsgwa xksgwa] dkSjo&dSjo] EgkSy&EgSy]

¼23½ fMaxG esa lq[ksPpkj.k ¼eq[k½ jS }kjk ikn jh iwjfr [kkrj fd.kh Loj ;k dnSbZ ^g*] ^j*] ^l*] ^t*]

jkS iz;ksx Hkh fy[;ks tkoS gSA T;wa &

j.k& vkj.k] lej&legj] vauj&vagj] ltG&ljtG] tru&lgru] Fkka.k&vFkka.k] j.k&vkj.k]

¼24½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa laLd`fr&fgUnh jS udkjkUr lcn ?k.k[kjka .kdkjkUr dj fn;k tkoS gS] vFkkZr]

^u* jh BkSM+ ^.k* jkS iz;ksx OgS tkoSA T;ka&eku&ek.k] jkuh&jk.kh] thou&tho.k] ikuh&ik.kh] nhoku&nhok.k]

¼25½ âkLo uS nh?kZ dj.k [kkrj vuqLokj jkS iz;ksx dj~;ks tkorks gksA T;wa&

dud&duDd] ljLorh&ljlOrh] iVd&iVDd] 'kfDr&lxrh]

¼26½ jktLFkkuh Hkklk esa Nan ek=k jh lqfo/kk [kkrj iz;qDr lcn jS fd.kh vk[kj uS gVk^j uwaok lcnka uS tksM+.k lwa Hkh lcn&:i esa cnyko OgS tkorks gksA

T;wa& leFkZ& lejRFk] midkj&mixkj] MkDVj&Mkxnj vknA

¼27½ eksVs rkSj ij iz;Ru&yk?ko jS dkj.k Hkh dSbZ lcnka jkS fuek.k OgS tkoS gSA vlk/kkj.k yEckbZ uS lEHkkG uha ld.kS jS dkj.k yksx lqfo/kk [kkrj m.kuS NksVks dj nsoS gSA

T;wa&t;jkaeth] pk;&pk] lkgc&lk vknA

¼28½ lkn`L;rk jks izHkko Hkh tksM+h jS lcnka esa ?k.k[kjkS ns[k.k feGS gSA LoxZ&ujd jktLFkkuh esa b.kht lkn`'; jS izHkko jS dkj.k ^ljx&ujx* OgS x;ks gSA

b.k rjS vS jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh O;kdj.kxr folslrkoka gS] tdh jktLFkkuh Hkklk uS ?k.kh etcwr c.kkoS gSa b.k rjS orZuh lEcU/kh] laX;k lEcU/kh] fØ;k lEcU/kh] opu lEcU/kh] fyax lEcU/kh] izR;; lEcU/kh] / oU;kRedrk vj mPpkj.k lEcU/kh folslrkoka Hkkar&HkrhGh gSA b.k rjS jktLFkkuh Hkklk vsd lqorarj uS flej/k Hkklk gSA

3-3 bdkbZ jkS lkj

b.k rjS ba bdkbZ esa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh O;kdj.kxr folslrkoka U;kajS&U;kajS :i esa izLrqr Ogha gSA laX;k lEcU/kh folslrk esa tkfrokpd uS Hkko&okpd laX;k dS;k o.kkoS gSA b.k jkS fp=.k Ogh;ksa gSa ljouke lEcU/kh folslrkoka esa lEcU/kokph] vfu'p;okph] vkn jkS fp=.k Ogh;ks gSA fØ;k lEcU/kh folslrkoka esa vdje fØ;koka lwa ldje fØ;k c.kS gS] m.kjkS lkaxksiku fp=.k Ogh;ksa gSA fyax lEcU/kh folslrkoka esa iqfYyax uS L=hfyax lcnka jkS cnyko jkS cj.kko Ogh;kS gSA opu lEcU/kh folslrkoka esa ,dopu lwa cgqopu c.kko.k

jk fu;e lEcU/kh folslrkoka ns[k.k feGS gSA izR;; lEcU/kh folslrkoka esa vk.kh] .kh] bZ izR;; lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh folslrkoka uS njlk;ks x;ks gSA /oU;kRed uS mPpkj.k lEcU/kh folslrkoka esa ew/kZU; ^"k*] ^d* jkS fp=.k Ogh;ksa gSA vuqukfld Loj] ?kks"k] egkizk.k] jsQ] vuqLokj] eq[k&lq[k udkjkUr&.kdkjkUr] lkg';rk vkn jS dkj.k vk;h folslrkoka uS mtkxj dfj;ks x;ks gSA

3-4 vH;kl jk loky

uhpS fy[;ka lokyka jkS iMwrj fn[kks&

1- ljouke lEcU/kh O;kdj.k jh folslrkoka uS lksnkgj.k le>kokSA 2- fØ;k lEcU/kh jktLFkkuh O;kdj.kxr folslrkoka uS mtkxj djksA 3- opu vj izR;; lEcU/kh folslrkoka uS njlkoksA

4- jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh /oU;kRed vj mPpkj.k lEcU/kh folslrkoka ekFkS ys[k fy[kksA 5- jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh O;kdj.k xr folslrkoka ekFkS fVIi.kh fy[kksA

3-5 lanHkZ xzUFk lwph

1- lhrkjke ykyl & jktLFkkuh lcn dksl & ¼Hkwfedk½A 2- eksrhyky esukfj;k & jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;A 3- lhrkjke ykyl & jktLFkkuh O;kdj.kA

4- MkW- lksgunku pkj.k & jktLFkkuh lkfgR; O;kdj.k jpukA 5- MkW- dY;k.kflag 'ks[kkor & jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk ,oa lkfgR;A 6- jkedj.k vklksik & jktLFkkuh O;kdj.kA

bdkbZ & 4

jktLFkkuh Hkklk jk [kkl Nan vj vyadkj

bdkbZ jkS eaMk.k 4-0 mn~nsL;

4-1 izLrkouk

4-2 jktLFkkuh jk [kkl Nank jks ojxhdj.k 4-2-1 ekf=d Nan vj m.kkjk Hksn 4-2-2 ojf.kd Nan vj m.kkjk Hksn

4-2-3 jktLFkkuh jk [kkl&[kkl Nank jkS oj.kko 4-3 jktLFkkuh jk [kkl vyadkjk jkS ojxhdj.k

4-3-1 lcnkyadkj vj m.kkjka Hksn 4-3-2 vjFkkyadkj vj m.kkjk Hksn 4-4 bdkbZ jkS lkj

4-5 vH;kl jk loky 4-6 lanHkZ xzUFk lwph 4-0 mn~nsL;

b.k bdkbZ jkS ewG mísL; jktLFkkuh dkO;'kkL= jS eka; Nank vj vyadkjk jkS lkfgR; esa dkabZ egRo gksoS gS m.kuS njlko.k jS lkFkS bZ jktLFkkuh jk [kkl&[kkl Nank vj vyadkjk jh c.kxV uS mtksxj dj.kkS gSA bdkbZ jk mísL; jh fVi b.k Hkkar gS&

 jktLFkkuh Nank jk Hksn vj ijdkj jh tk.kdkjh izLrqr djh tkoSyhA

 jktLFkkuh vyadkjk jk Hksn vj ijdkj dh tk.kdkjh izLrqr djh tkoSyhA 4-1 izLrkouk

dkO; ;k lkfgR; eka; Nan vj vyadkjk jkS [kkl egRo gksoS gSA vk[kS i| ¼dkO;½ jkS ewyk/kkj Nan gksoS gSA dkO; esa y;c)rk vj peRdkfjdrka ns[k.k esa feGS gSA Nan dkO; jh vkrek gksoS gSA Nank jh Hkkar vyadkj Hkh dkO; jh lksHkk c<+koS gSA b.kkajS iz;ksx lwa dkO; esa peRdkj uS pk: rRo jkS lekosl gksoS gSA vyadkj ;kstuk esa dkO; jk oj.;&fol; vj cj.kko nksuwa uS lqanj c.kko.k jh dksfll ns[k.k feGS ft.klwa dkO; jkS QwVjkikS c/kS vj QwVjkika lwa dkO; jh lksHkk c/kSA

b.k bdkbZ esa jktLFkkuh jk [kkl&[kkl Nank vj vyadkjk jkS lkaxksikx cj.kko dj~;ks tklhA b.kkauS mnkgj.k lesr le>k;ks tklhA

4-2 jktLFkkuh Hkklk jk [kkl Nank jkS ojxhdj.k

dkO;'kkL= jS fu;e eqtc ft.k jpuk esa ek=k] oj.k] fojke] xfr jkS fopkj jk[k*j lcn ;kstuk djh tkoS gS] ft.kuS Nan dSoS gSA ^Nan* lcn laLd`r Hkklk jkS gS ft.kjh mRifÙk ^Nfn* /kkrq lwa Ogha gSA ft.kjkS vjFk gS& izdkflr OgS.kkS ;k Nknu dj.kkSA Nan fopkjka uS de lwa de lcnkoyh esa crko.k jkS ek/;e gS tdks

vfHkO;fä uS lkjxjfHkr c.kkoS gSA fjf[k&eqfu;ka vkijh ewG vfHkO;fä Nank jS ek/;e lwa djh ghA b.k [kkrj Nank uS cS osnka jkS vsd t:jh vax ekU;k gsA ^^Nan% iknkSrq&osnL;** dS;*j osnka uS leS jh tk=k djko.k okGkS t:jh vax jS :i esa m.kkauS xzg.k dj~;ks gSA

Nank lwa dkO; esa vsd vuqlklu y;] rky] xfr jkS lekosl OgS tkoSA naMh egkdkO; uS i<+.k vj lq.kuS esa e/kqj vj je.khd Nank jh t:jr jkS mYys[k Hkh dj~;kS gSA oLrqr% dkO; esa Nank jkS iz;ksx HkkoksRdlZ esa lgk;d gksoS gSA vkpk;Z gsepUnz uS ^^vFkkZuq:i Nan LoRoe~** fy[k*j b.k rF; uS izdV dj~;ks gSA Nan Hkklk uS Hkkokuqdwy c.kk*j ikBd esa vsd folsl xzkgdrk iSnk dj nsoS gSA Nank }kjk tdks lkSUn;Z jkS mRiknu gksoS gS m.kjS ewG esa nwgk] lksjBk] NIi;] >ekG] fulk.kh] jlkoGk] xkgk] =ksVd] pkSikbZ] dq.Mfy;k] loS;k] fMaxG xhr vkn Nank jh iz/kkurk jS;h gSA jktLFkkuh jS ykSfdd dkO;ka esa ekf=d Nank jkS iz;ksx ?k.k[kjkS Ogh;ksa gSA

Nan

ekf=d Nan ojf.kd Nan

le v/kZle fole le v/kZle fole

pkSikbZ nksgk dq.Mfy;k clar rkfydk

gfj xhfrdk lksjBk

4-2-1 ekf=d Nan vj m.kjk Hksn

ekf=d Nank jkS ewG lEcU/k ek=koka ;k Lojka lwa gksoS gSA b.kkesa ek=koka jh la[;k uS fu;e jkS /;ku jk[;ksa tkoS gSA ekf=d Nank jk rhu Hksn crk;k x;k gSA ft.kesa le ekf=d] v/kZle ekf=d vj fole ekf=dA

¼d½ le&ekf=d Nan & ft.k Nank jS P;k: pj.kka jh ek=koka ;k oj.k leku gks] cS le&ekf=d Na dSgykoS gSA T;ka& pkSikbZ] gfj xhfrdkA

¼[k½ v/kZle&ekf=d Nan& ft.k Nank esa iSys&rhts uS nwtS&pkSFkS jp.kka jh ek=koka ;k oj.kk esa lekurk OgS] cS v/kZle&ekf=d Nan dS dgykoS gSA

T;ka& nksgk] lksjBk

¼x½ fo"k; ekf=d Nank esa P;kj lwa cSlh ¼N%½ pj.k gks vj cS vsd lwa uha OgS] fo"ke dSgykoS gSA T;ka &NIi;] dq.Mfy;kA

4-2-2- ojf.kd Nan vj m.kjk Hksn&

ojf.kd Nan jkS lEcU/k oj.kk ;k Loj uS O;atu nksuwa lwa gksoS gSA vkS Nan dsoy oj.k x.kuk jS vk/kkj ekFkS jP;ksa x;ks Nan gSA b.kjk Hkh rhu Hksn crk;k x;k gSA ft.kesa le] v/kZle vj fo"k; feGS gSA

¼d½ le&ojf.kd&ft.k Nank esa P;k: pj.kka esa leku oj.k gks] cS le&ojf.kd Nan gksoS gSA T;ka& ekfyuhA

¼[k½ v/kZle&ojf.kd& ft.k Nank esa iSys&rhts vj nwtS&pkSFks pj.kka jS oj.kka esa lekurk gksoS] cS

v/kZle&ojf.kkd Nan gksoS gSA T;ka&

¼x½ fo"k;&ojf.kd&ft.k Nankk jS P;k: pj.kka esa vleku oj.k gks] cS fo"ke& ojf.kd Nan gksoS gSA

4-2-3- jktLFkkuh jk [kkl&[kkl Nank jkS cj.kko&

jktLFkkuh ¼fMaxG½ jk [kkl&[kkl Nank esa nksgk] NIi;] lk.kksj] dq.Mfy;k] fulk.kh] pkSikbZ] jlkoyk]

lkjlh] i)fj] xkgk] =ksVd] >wy.kk] f=uadM+ks vkn [kkl gSA jktLFkkuh jk pkaok Nank jks oj.kko b.k xr gS%&

¼1½ nksgk Nan%& vkS jktLFkkuh jkS pkaokS Nan gSA fMaxG esa b.kuS nwgks Hkh dS;ks tkoS gSA vkS ekf=d Nan jkS v/kZle ekf=d Nan jkS v/kZle ekf=d Nan gSA NksVkS Nan gkso.k jS dkj.k vkS lgt :i lwa ;kn OgS tkoS gSa b.k [kkrj pkj.k vj pkj.ksrj dfo;ka uS b.kjks iz;ksx ?k.k[kjkS dj~;ks gSA nksgk jS vkfn esa le jS ykjS le vj fo"ke jS ykjS fo"ke dGk jkS iz;ksx OgS gSA b.kjkS uke b.kh dkj.k nksgk gSA b.kesa nks; nG gksoS gSA nks; ifDr;ka ;k iafDr;ka ;k iafDr jh iqujko`fr b.kesa ns[k.k feGS gSA nksgk viHkazl jh nsu gSA

ujksrenkl Lokeh uS b.kjk P;kj Hksn crk;k gSA MkW- eksrhyky esukfj;k uS b.kjk ikap Hksn crk;k gS]

jpuk jh nhB lwa jktLFkkuh dkO; esa nksgk jk ikap Hkan gS] ft.kesa 'kq) nwgks] lksjfB;ks nwgks] cM+ks nwgks] rwcsjh nwgks] [ksM+ks nwgksA

v- 'kq) nwgks% jktLFkkuh dkO;ka esa b.kjS leku :i lwa iz;ksx OgSrks jS;ks gSA b.kesa P;kj pj.k gksoS gS] b.kjS iSys&rhtS pj.k esa 13&13 vj nwtS&pkSFks esa 11&11 ek=koka ns[k.k feGS gSA nwtS&pkSFkS pj.k jh rqd Hkh ns[k.k feGS gSA T;ka&

^^jker pkSiM+ jkt jh] gS f/kd ckj gtkjA /k.k lwaih ywBk /kdS] /kje jkt f/kDdkjAA**

^^jktuhfr jS jksx lwa] c<+S foin tnS lwjA esVs ladV eqyd jks] dS lkfgR; dS lwjAA**

c- lksjfB;ks nwgk%& fgUnh lkfgR; esa b.kuS nksgk jkS Hksn crk;ks x;ks gSA fgUnh esa b.kuS lksjBk dSoS gSA fMaxG esa b.kuS lksjfB;ks nwgks dS;ks tkoS gSA b.k nwgs jh yksd fiz;rk ckcr dS;ks x;ks gS%&

^^lksjfB;k nwgks Hkyks] Hky ejo.k jh ckrA tkscu NkbZ /k.k Hkyh] rkjka NkbZ jkr]]

^<+ksyk ek: jk nwgk* esa b.k Nan jkS iz;ksx ?k.kkS Ogh;ksa gSA vkS 'kq) nwgks jkS mYVks gksoS gSA b.kjS le vFkkZr~

ntS&pkSFks pj.kka esa 13&13 vj fole pj.kka jS iSys&rhtS pj.kka esa 11&11 ek=koka ns[k.k feGS gSA T;ka& ^^vdcj lEcU/k vFkkg] lwjki.k Hkfj;ks ltG]

esokM+kS fr.k ekag] iks;.k QwG izrkilh]] ¼fo:) fNgrjh½ blM+k lwa bdGkl] jk[khtS ug jkft;kAA**¼jkft;k jk lksjB½

l- cM+ks nwgk %&b.k nwgs uS jktLFkkuh y{k.k xzUFkdkj lkadfG;ks nwgks Hkh dSoS gSA vkS nwgks ohj jl jS oj.kko [kkrj ?k.kkS ywaBkS ekU;ks tkoS gSA jktLFkkuh jh pkaoh opfudkoka esa ^^vpGnkl [khaph jh opfudk**

vj ^^opfudk&jkBkSM+ jrufl?kth egslnklksr jh** eka; b.k nwgs jkS ?k.k[kjkS iz;ksx Ogh;ksa gSA b.k nwgs jS