Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
3.2.4 PmXn{]`mhw
bn-cp-∂p. A·n-bpsS Xmfihw hoSns\ ap®qSpw \in-∏nt° NqSp-sIm≠v ho´pIm¿ DW¿∂v Poh-\pw-sIm≠v ]pdØv NmSn ]d-ºn-e-`bw tXSn. B¿Ø-
\mZw tI´ Ab¬°m¿ HmSn-sbØn. ]cn-{i-an-®m¬ k¿Δ-\miw hcmsX Ign-
°m-sa∂p a\- n-em°n InW-‰n¬\n∂pw sh≈w tImcm≥ {ian-°p-∂p.
F∂m¬ Cu HmSn-°q-Sn-b-h-cpsSsb√mw PmXn Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ ho´p-S-a-ÿ≥
Ahsc XS-bp-∂p. Xob-W-°m≥ sh≈-sa-Sp-°p∂ Abn-Ø-°m¿ InW¿ Aip-
≤-am-°p-sa-∂-Xn-em-bn-cp∂p Abm-fpsS t]Sn.
hoSv \odnt∏mbmepw Xc-t°-Sn-√. \n߃ Fs‚ InW¿sXm´v Aip-≤- am-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ aXn-sb-∂m-bn-cp∂p B Krl-\m-Ys‚ hmZw. PmXn-Nn-¥- bm¬ t_m[w \in® Hcp a\p-jys‚ {]e-]-\-am-Wn-hnsS tI´-Xv. kz¥w- hoSv A·n-°n-c-bm-bn´pw hn´p-t]m-Im-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ A{Xbpw Bg-Øn-emWv ae-bm-fn-I-fn¬ PmXn-Nn¥ cqV-aq-e-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F{X-am{Xw A[x-]-Xn®
Nn¥-bmWm a\p-jy-cn-ep-≈-sX-∂m-WnXv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. Abn-Ø-Øns‚
Xobn¬ thhp∂ ae-bm-f-Ø-d-hm-Sns\ Nq≠n Ihn tJZn-°p-∂p.
tIc-f-Øn¬ Ime-ß-fmbn \ne-\n-∂p-t]m∂ Abn-Øm-Nm-c-W-Øn¬ a\- p-cpIn hne-]n-°p-I-bmWv Ihn. "PmXn'-bmWo Ihn-X-bnepw hnj-b-am-bn-´p-
≈-Xv. {]I-S-amb coXn-bn¬ PmXym-Nm-csØ ]cn-l-kn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv.
PmXn-s°-Xnsc ]cn-lm-k-i-c-sa-øp-I-bm-Wv Ihn.
hnZym-hn-lo-\-\p-amb Hcp bphm-hmb ss`c-hs\ {]W-bn®v IqsS-t∏m-Ip-∂p.
ho´p-Im¿ At\z-jn-s®-¶nepw Is≠-Øm-\m-Ip-∂n-√. Ah¿°v \jvS-s∏-´Xv kz¥w aIsf am{X-a-√. Ah¿ kaq-l-Øn¬ G‰hpw hne-a-Xn-°p∂ Ipem-`n- am-\hpw IqSn-bm-Wv. lo\-Pm-Xn-°m-cs‚ IqsS kz¥w aIƒ t]mb-tXmsS IpSpw-_-Øns‚ A`n-am-\hpw \jvS-s∏-´-Xmbn Ah¿ Icp-Xn.
aI-fpsS kml-k-hrØn IpSpw-_-°m-cn¬ AXn-bmb tIm]hpw kaq- l-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ \mW-t°Spw hcp-Øn-h-®p. Ah¿ Gsd hyk-\-Øn-ep- ambn. AtXmsS aI-fpsS \maw ho´p-Im¿°v \s™-∂-t]mse hnj-ambn tXm∂n.
`mc-X-Øn¬ hf-sc-°m-e-ambn kvarXn-\n-b-a-ß-fmWv kaq-l-Øns\ \bn-
°p-∂-Xv. AXm-sW-¶ntem ]pcpj \n¿Ωn-Xhpw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°p-th≠n \n¿Ωn-
®-Xp-am-Wv. a\p-kvar-Xn-bn¬ `mc-X-Ønse kv{XoIƒ kzmX{¥yw A¿ln-°p-
∂-h-c√ F∂p Xo¿Øp-Xs∂ ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. ]nXmhv Iuam-c-Ønepw
`¿Ømhv buh-\-Ønepw ]p{X-∑m¿ hm¿≤-Iy-Ønepw kwc-£n-°p∂ kv{Xo bmsXmcp ImeØpw kzmX{¥yw A¿ln-°p-∂n√ F∂p Xs∂-bmWv ]d-™n-
´p-≈-Xv.17 ss`c-h≥ hio-I-cW Huj[w {]tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v Kucnsb cm{Xn- bn¬ KqV-ambn X´n-s°m-≠p-]mbn F∂mWv \m´n¬ hm¿Ø ]c-∂-Xv. \mSns\
]nSn®p Ipep-°nb hm¿Ø-bmWv. D∂-X-Ip-e-Pm-Xbpw kpμ-cnbpw hnZym-k-º-
∂-bp-amb bphXn lo\-Pm-Xn-°m-c\pw IdpØ-h\pw Zcn-{Z-\p-amb Hcp tXm´-
°m-c-\m¬ A]-l-cn-°-s∏-´n´pw temI-K-Xn-bn¬ hyXym-k-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-√.
Kucn ss`c-hs\ hcn-®-Xn¬ {]Ir-Xn°v bmsXmsc-Xn¿∏p-an-√. kqcy≥
]Xn-hp-t]mse Ing-°p-Zn-°pI-Xs∂ sNbvXp. kI-e-N-cm-N-c-߃°pw \mY-
\mb kqcy≥ Xs‚ civan-Iƒ kI-e-Xn-te°pw Hcp sshap-Jy-a-hp-an-√m-sX- bmWv \o´p-∂Xv. kqcy≥ H∂n-t\mSpw PmXn hyXymkw Im´p-∂n-√.
"Atßbv°v PmXn-{`wiw \n m-camW-t√m' F∂v Ihn Biz-kn-°p-∂p.
PmXn-bpsS Du‰w kln-°m≥ {]bm-k-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Kucnbpw ss`c-h\pw
\m´p-Im-cn¬ \n∂-I∂v Zqsc Xma-k-am-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw sshImsX ss`c- h≥ tcmKn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Kucn Xocm-Zp-cn-X-Øn¬s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Cu ZpcnXw Kucnsb Xmakwhn\m ]n®-°m-cn-bm-°p-∂p. k¿ΔXpw \jvS- s∏´v BtcmKyw £bn®v hoSp-ho-Sm-¥cw Kucn ]n®-sb-Sp-°p∂p.
PmXn-Nn¥ kaq-l-Øn¬ F{X-am{Xw Bgv∂-Xm-sW-∂mWv Ihn ImWn-
°p-∂-Xv. Kucn-bpsS IpSpw_w F{Xtbm kpJ-ku-I-cy-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂p.
B ho´nse AwK-amb Kucn ]n®-sX-≠p-∂p. PmXn {]`hw am\p-jnI KpW- ßsf B´n-b-I-‰p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.
PmXn lm, \c-I-Øn¬\n∂p s]m¥nb i_vZw!
]m¿ Xn∂pw ]nim-Nn-s‚-tb-´nse c≠-£cw! 18
{]Pm-hn-\m-i-I-amWv PmXn hnNm-cw, temI-sØ-Xs∂ Xn-∂p∂
]nim-Nns‚ {]am-W-amWv PmXn, kaq-l-Øn¬ \cIw krjvSn-°p-I-bmWv Cu PmXn t`Zw sNøp-∂-Xv. a\p-jys\ Asß-b‰w \c-I-bm-X-\-b-\p-`-hn-∏n-
°p-I-bmWv kap-Zm-b-Øn-ep≈ PmXym-Nm-cw. Acn t]mbn´v Xhn-Sp-t]mepw sImSp-°m-\p≈ am\-knI Hu∂Xyw t]mepw PmXn C√m-Xm-°p-∂p.
3.2.5 aW¬°m‰v 19
KwKm-\Zn IS∂v tXmWn-bn¬ \n∂pw Cd-ßnb No\-k-©m-cn-bmb lpbmßv kmßns\ IS-Øp-X-kvI-c-∑m¿ ]nSn-IqSn. Imfn°p _en \¬Im-
\mbn B a™ Nohcw [cn® `n£p-hns\ _en-Ø-d-bn¬ Ib-‰n-\n¿Øn.
_p≤-ssN-Xy-ß-fn¬ Xßn _p≤-aX {KŸ-߃ tiJ-cn-°m-\mbpw _p≤≥
]nd∂ \m´n¬h∂v tbmK A-`y-kn-°m\p-amWv B `n£p C¥y-bn¬ h∂-Xv
˛ Ggmw \q‰m-≠n-¬. _en-]o-T-Øn¬ \n∂mepw B `n£p-hns‚ apJØv bmsXmcp `btam kw{`m-¥ntbm ZpxJtam D≠mbn√. ]Icw At±lw ssat{Xb-_p-≤-t\mSp {]m¿∞n-®p. A⁄m-\-Øm¬ A‘-cmb Chsc
ASpØ P∑-Øn-se-¶nepw Ahn-Zy-bn¬ \n∂pw Ic-I-b-‰tW F∂p {]m¿∞n®p. s]s´∂v Hcp aW¬°m‰v hoin B A{I-an-Iƒ°p IÆp-Im- Wm-Xm-bn. CtXmsS `b-∂p-t]mbn sIm≈-°m¿. hmbp-tZ-hs\ Iog-S-°nb a{¥-hm-Zn-bmb Aßv am∏p-X-c-W-sa∂v B A{I-an-Iƒ `n£p-hn-t\m-Sm-t]-
£n-®p. Bbp[w If™v Ah¿ Imev°¬ \a-kvI-cn-®p. ]n∂o-S-h¿ \oXn-am-
∑m-cmbn Pohn-®p. aW¬°m-‰nepw Hcp _u≤-IY ]d-bpIbmWv Ihn sNbvXn- cn-°p-∂-Xv. lnwkbv°v Hcp-ßn-sb-¶nepw lnwk-sN-ømsX \oXn-am≥am-cmbn B sIm≈-°m¿ XpS¿Po-hnXw \bn®p. Alnwk hnP-bn-®p. lnw-km-fl-I-am- bn-cp∂ Ah-cpsS PohnXw _p≤-`n-£p-hns‚ CS-s]-S-temsS Alnw-km-fl- I-ambn amdn. lnwk sNbvXv Pohn-®-hsc AXn¬ \n∂p ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m-\m- bXv _p≤s‚ Alnwk aqe-sa∂v hnh-£n-°mw.
3.2.6 \mw kzmX-{¥y-a-S-bmhq
h≈-tØmƒ {io_p-≤s‚ NcnXw apgp-h-\mbn kw{K-ln®v cNn® Ihn- X-bmWv \mw kzm{¥y-a-S-bm-hq. 1922 emWv CXns‚ cN\m Imew. kmln-Xy- a-RvPcn A©mw `mK-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØnbncn-°p∂p Cu Ihn-X 20 _p≤KoXw F∂ t]cn-emWv BZyw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
{ i o _ p ≤ s \ k w _ - ‘ n ® v t I c - f - Ø n ¬ A ° m - e Ø v " F U z n ≥ B¿tWmƒUn's‚ "Zn sse‰v Hm^v Gjy' F∂ IrXnsb Bkv]-Z-am°n [ m c m f w I r X n - I ƒ a e - b m - f - Ø n - e p - ≠ m - b n ´ p - ≠ v . h ≈ - t Ø m ƒ C h s b ap≥\n¿Øn Hcp IhnX kz¥-ambn cNn-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. t\cn-´p≈
hnh¿Ø-\tam kzX-{¥-hn-h¿Ø-\tam \S-Øm≥ Xp\n-bmsX kz¥w ssien- bn¬Øs∂ Hcp IhnX cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
Alnw-k-bmWv ]c-a-amb [¿Ω-sa∂v temIsØ ]Tn-∏n® temI-Kp-cp- hns\ hmgvØn-s°m-≠mWv IhnX Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. AlnwkbmIp∂ N´
(-]-cn-N) Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v \n¿`-b-cm-Im≥ Blzm\w sNøp-∂p.
\c-I-Xp-ey-amb Pohn-XsØ am‰n Cu `qan-bn¬Øs∂ kz¿§w ]Wn- sNbvX temI-Kp-cp-hns\ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. `mcX-Øn¬ ]pcm-X\ Ime-Øp- Xs∂ sshZn-I-[¿Ω-ap-≠m-bn´pw `h-Xr-jvW-bm¬ he-bp∂ a\p-jys‚ Zml- a-I-‰m≥ _p≤-[¿Ω-sa∂ ]pWy-Xo¿∞-Ønt\ Ign-™p≈p. lna-hm-\n¬
\n∂p-Zv`-hn® KwK-bp-≠m-bn´pw _p≤-[¿Ω-Ønt\ a\p-jy-cnse Ak-aXzw
\o°n kmtlm-Zcyw ]pe¿Øm-\m-bp≈q F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p.
]n∂oSv _p≤s‚ Hcp ]q¿Δ-P∑ hrØm¥w kqNn-∏n-°p∂p Hcn-°¬
hni∂p he™v NmIm-dmb Hcp X≈-∏p-en-sbbpw Ip™p-ß-sfbpw ImWm-
\n-S-bmb XYm-K-X≥ kzbw B X≈-∏p-en°v Cc-bmbns°mSpØp. Aßs\
B ]pen-sbbpw Ip™p-ß-sfbpw ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-Sp-Øn. Aß- s\-bp≈ _p≤≥, Cu P∑-Øn¬ temI-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ kwXr]vXn°mbp≈
⁄m\m-arXw ]I¿∂p \¬Ip-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. AjvSmw-K-am¿§w A\p- jvSn-®m¬ \n¿hm-W-{]m-]vX-cmImw ]c-a-amb im¥n-bn-seØmw F∂p ]Tn-
∏n-®p. ipt≤m-Z-\-cm-Pm-hn-s‚bpw dmWn ambm-tZ-hn-bp-tSbpw Hma-\-]p{X\mb Imcp-Wy-hmt\ Atß°v awKfw t\cp-∂p. sIm´m-c-Ønse Bcm-a-Øn¬
Ip´n-°m-e-Øv, tZh-Z-Øs‚ Atº‰p hoW Ac-b-∂-Øns\ Zbm-hm-\mbn FSpØv ip{iq-jn®v kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn, Aß-s\-bp≈ ]mh-\-l-kvX- Øm¬, euIo-I-Zpx-J-Øns‚ Atº‰p apdn-]-‰nb temIsØ apgp-h≥ Aßv Xs‚ Z¿i-\-ß-fm¬ XtemSn Biz-kn-∏n-°p-∂p.
AXn-th-K-Øn¬ Xncn-bp∂ P\n-ar-Xn-I-fpsS N{IsØ ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øm≥
sIev]p-≈-Xmb _p≤s‚ ssII-fn¬ Xs‚ cmPy-Øns‚ sNt¶m-se-Sp-∏n-
°m≥ {]nb-]n-Xm-hmb ipt≤m-Z-\≥ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Xs‚
aIs‚ a\ v Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ ImgvN-Iƒ I≠v ZpxJ-Øn-\n-S-bm-hm-sX-bn-cn-
°m≥ henb Np‰p-a-Xn¬ ]Wn-bn-®p. F∂n´pw aIs‚ a\- nse Icp-W-bpsS {]hmlw XS-bm-\m-bn√ B aXn¬s°-´p-Iƒ°v. sIm´m-c-Øn¬ {]tXyIw
sXc-s™-SpØ kpμ-cn-am-cmb Kmbn-I-am-scbpw hmZy-I-em-Im-cn-I-sfbpw
\¿ØIn-amscbpw \nb-an-®p. Chbpw {]nb]Xv\n btim-[c-bpsS {]W-bhpw tIfo-k-√m-]-ßfpw F√mw kn≤m¿∞-cm-P-Ip-am-cs‚ I¿Æ-ß-fn¬ temI- Ønse apgp-h≥ ZpxJn-X-cpsS tcmZ-\-am-bmWv h∂e-®-Xv.
kwkm-c-Zpx-J-am-Ip∂ ]\n-°p≈ Huj[w Im´n¬t∏m-bn-Øs∂ sXc- bWw \m´n-en-cp-∂m¬ e`n-°n√ F∂p-d-∏n®v kn≤m¿∞≥ Xs‚ hn{i-a-h-\- sa∂ kz¿§-Øn¬\n∂pw ]pd-s∏-´p. I\Ø tIm´-hm-Xn¬ A∂p cm{Xn Ipam- c\p ap∂n¬ X\nsb Xpd-∂p. AtXmsS kwkm-c-Zpx-J-Øns‚ _‘-\-Øn¬
\n∂pw temI-Øn\v tam£w t\Sm-\p≈ Ihm-Shpw Xpd-∂p. "OμI-'s\∂
`rXy≥ XpW-t]mbn "Im¥I' sa∂ IpXn-c-bm-bn-cp∂p B bm{X°v Ipam- cs\ hln-®-Xv. Ahs‚ Ipf-º-Sn-Iƒ tIƒ°m-Xn-cn-°m-\mbn tZh-Iƒ B Ime-Sn-I-fn¬ Xma-c-∏q-°ƒ hncn-bn-®p. ]Xn-hn-c-l-Øm¬ s]mgn® IÆo-cn-
\m¬ btim-[c temI-am-Xm-hmbn A`n-jn-‡-bmbn. btim-[-c-bpsS ]p{X-
\mb cmlp-e\p am{X-a√ k¿Δ-tem-I¿°pw _p≤≥ Aßs\ ]nXm-hm-bn.
]≠v tZh-Xm-cp-hns‚ Iogn-en-cp∂v X] p sNbvX inhs‚ X] v apS-
°m≥ sN∂v Zln-®p-t]mb Ima-tZ-h≥ Ac-bm¬ Nph-´n-en-cp∂v X] p sNøp∂ kn≤m¿∞s‚ [ym\w apS-°m≥ {ian®v ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. amcs‚ A\p- N-c-∑m¿ ]e-hn-[-Ønepw [ym\w apS-°m≥ {ian-s®-¶nepw bmsXm-cn-f-°hpw IqSmsX temI-k-a£w _p≤≥, \ΩpsS Kpcp-tZ-h≥, hnZy-bpsS \n¿Ω-e- amb B Zo]w sImfp-Ønhbv°pI Xs∂ sNbvXp. cmP-In-co-Shpw sh¨sIm-
‰-°p-S-bp-ap-t]-£n®v Ac-bm¬ Nph-´n¬ PUm-a-IpSw NqSnb `hm≥ k¿Δ cmPy-ß-fnepw tZi-ß-fnepw [¿Ω-sa∂ Znhy-k-ºØv hmcn-hn-X-dn. Xs‚
ssII-fn-te-¥nb ]n®-sXm-≠n¬ `hm≥ t\Sn-bXv temI-Øn-te°pw henb
`fim-Im-c-ß-fn-ep-≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ henb kº-Øm-Wv. kpK-X, XYm-K-X, kp`K t{]am-flmth `K-hmt\ `mc-X-Øns‚ alm-E-jn-bmb Aßsb
\akvIcn-°p-∂p. Aß-bpsS XtXzm-]-tZiw sIm≠p R߃ Cu kwkm-c- Øns‚ ˛ `h-Øns‚ ˛ ZpxJ-Øns‚ Nß-e-s°-´p-I-f-gn®v kzmX{¥yw t\Ss´!
\mw kzmX-{¥y-a-S-bmhq F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS cN-\-bn-eqsS {][m-\-s∏´
c≠v Imcy-ß-fmWv Htc-k-abw h≈-tØmƒ \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂m-a- Xmbn `mc-X-Øns‚ ]ucm-Wn-I-X-bn¬ A`n-am\w sIm≈p-∂p. c≠m-a-Xmbn CXp-]-tbm-Kn®v kzcm-Py-Øns‚ kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øn\v Fßns\ DtØ-P\w
\¬Im-\mIpw F∂pw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. {io _p≤s\ \a-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw H∏w At±-l-Øns‚ Z¿i-\-ßsf hmgvØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Htc-k-abw Cu hmgvØ- ep-Iƒ `mc-X-Øns‚ kzmX-{¥-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n-Isf DW¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-]-tbm- Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Km‘nPn Alnw-k-bn¬ ASn-bp-d-®p-\n¬°p-I-bmWv ka-c-ap-JØv AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ {io_p-≤s‚ Alnw-kbv°v ]c-a-{]-[m-\- amb ÿm-\-ap≠v `mc-X-Øn¬. Km‘n-`-‡-\mb h≈-tØmƒ kzm`m-hn-I- ambpw CXv Xs‚ Ihn-Xbv°v hnj-b-am-°n-bXv t_m[-]q¿Δw tZim-`n-am\w DtØ-Pn-∏n°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bm-Wv. _p≤s‚ Alnw-k-bmWv Km‘nPn Xs‚
ka-c-Øn-\p≈ {][m-\ B-bp-[-am-°n-b-Xv.