MkW-fouk;d ckiq dqj.ks Ckkyklkgsc nslkbZ dkWyst] ikV.k

rgfly&ikV.k] ftyk-lkrkjk

¼egkjk"Vª½ vk/kqfud fganh lkfgR;dkjksa esa ohjsUnz tSu dk LFkku egRRoiw.kZ gSSA ohjsUnz tSu us vius lkfgR; esasa Hkkjr dk xzkeh.k thou rFkk mudk thus dk la?k"kZ bldk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k fd;k gSA muds

^Mwc*] ^ikj*] ^iapukek*] *ryk’k*] vkfn miU;kl Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k lekt dk vkbuk gSA muds ^Mwc*]

rFkk ^ikj* miU;klksa esa ckWa/k ifj;kstukvksa ls vkgr yksxksa ds thus dk la?k"kZ fpf=r gqvk gSA ;s yksx ckWa/k ifj;kstukvksa ds dkj.k fofo/k leL;kvksa ds f’kdkj cu tkrs gSA

^Mwc* miU;kl esa ckWa/k ls foLFkkfir yksxksa dk thou fpf«kr gSA bu yksxksa ds thou esa ckWa/k ifj;kstuk ds dkj.k mUgsa foLFkkfir gksuk iMrk gSaA blh dkj.k mUgsas la?k"kZ djrs gq, thou thuk iMrk gSA bu yksaxksa ds ?kj fNus tkrs gSaA yMSbZ vkSj jkt?kkV ds Mwc {ks«k esa vkus okys reke xkWao mBk fn,A vusd ?kj] ck[kj ] Vijk] dqvkWa ] isM+ lcdk eqvkotk ljdkj us ckWaV fn;k A xkWao ds xkWao iwjs [kkyh djok fy;sA ysfdu ljdkj us bu foLFkfir yksxksa dks flQZ mBk;k ysfdu mUgsa clkus dh ftEesnkjh ugha yhA txg ds cnys txg ugha nhA edku ds cnys edku ugha fn,A [ksrh ds cnys [ksrh ugha nh A dsoy #i;k gkFk esa fn;kA ohjsaUnz tSu fy[krs gSA ^^ txg ds cnys txg ugha ns ldh mUgsa ljdkjA ljdkj us dg fn;k fd fQj ls clus ds fy, nks gtkj #i;k gels yks vkSj tgkWa txg feys tk clksA gekjs ikl txg ugha gS] rqEgsa clkus dhA gkW pkgks rks nks gtkj ds cnys yfyriqj esa jsyos iVjh ds bl rjQ chl xt tehu ge ns ldrs gSA^^

¹

Lkjdkj us ckWa/k {ks«k ds yksaxksa dks vius edku] [ksrh lc dqN NksM+us ds fy, etcwj fd;kA mUgsa muds ekQhd clk;k ughaA xkWaao esa jgusokys yksaxksa ds ?kj cMs+-cM+s gksrs gSA os [kqyh gok esa viuh ftanxh xqtkjrs gS A mUgsa nwljh txg nsrs le; bldk fopkj ugha gksrkA ys[kd fy[krs gS]^^

ftudk dgha vkSj fBdkuk ugha cSBk os lc tk cls yfyriwj esa A ftruh txg esa dHkh HkSl rd u ckWa/kh Fkh] mruh txg esa e; HkSal ds jgrs gS vc os A**

²

vkokl dh leL;k ls xzLr ;s foLFkkfir vPNs iquoZlu ds fy, la?k"kZ djrs jgrs gSaA

ifj;kstuk dk mÌs’k fodkl djuk gksrk gSA ysfdu og fodkl ifj;kstuk ls xzLr yksxksa dk ugha gSA os yksx nj-nj dh Bksdjsa [kkus vkSj la?k"kZ djus dks etcwj gks tkrs gSA ljdkj tgkWa-tgkWa Hkh

;kstukvksa dks fdz;kfUor djrh gS ogkWa ds LFkkbZ yksx dbZ izdkj ds ruko-ncko dks >syrs gSaA mUgsa muds ?kjksa ls mtkM fn;k tkrk gSA fodkl ds uke ij FkksM+k cgqr eqvkotk nsdj mudh tehuksa dks Nhu fy;k tkrk gSA ysfdu ubZ txg clkus ds fy, ljdkj mudk dksbZ izcU/k ugha djrh gS] ^^gesa rks yxrk gS fd rqe tSlk ;gkWa >wBh-lkWaph gkWad xbZ oSlh gh dgha var gkWadrh gksvksxh A dgrh gksvksxh dh geus cuk fn;k jkt?kkV ij ckWa/k A clk fn;k ogkWa ds eqj[k yksxksa dks Hkyh txg ij]

tgkWa vc os /khjs-/khjs vkneh esa rCnhy gks jgs gSA dgrh gks u ;gha \ **

³

foLFkkfir gksus okys yksxksa dks f’k{kk ds fy, la?k"kZ djuk iMrk gSA ckWa/k ifj;kstuk ds {ks«k esa

vkusokys xkWao izkuiqjk mBk;s tkrs gSA yMSbZ xkWao esa lkS lky igys vaxzstksa us enjlk [kksyk FkkA bl

enjls esa ntkZ ikWap rd i<k+bZ gksrh FkhA bl enjls esa vktw-cktw ds xkWao ds cPps i<+us ds fy, vkrs

gSA ^^vc rks ckjh] Vks<s] iapaeuxj]fljlkSfn;k rd ds yjdk-ckjs vkrs gS enjls esaA**

⁴

bl enjls esa

i<+dj vusd cPpksa us ÅaWapk vksgnk izkIr fd;k gSA MkDVj] bathfu;j] dysDVj] vksojfl;j rd ds

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vkgns izkIr fd, gSA ;g enjlk xkWao dk vk/kkj gSA cPpksa ds Hkfo"; dk fuekZrk gSA enjls lss xkWao esa ’kSf{kd okrkoj.k fuekZ.k gqvk gSA jkt?kkV ckWa/k ifj;kstuk Mwc {ks«k esa yMSbZ xkWao vkrk gSA blfy, ftYkk f’k{kkf/kdkjh xkWao ds bl enjls dks rqjar can djus dk vkns’k nsrs gSA

ftyk f’k{kkf/kdkjh crkrs gS]^^ ge vkidks ,d vkSj lwpuk ns nsa Bkdwj lkgc] fd vkidk xkWao jkt?kkV ckWa/k ifj;kstuk esa Mwc {ks«k esa vk jgk gSA blfy, gesa Åij ls vkns’k vk;k gS fd ogkWa ls enjlk gVk fy;k vkSj ogkWa fu;qDr v/;kid dk rcknyk dgha vkSj dj fn;k tk, A**

⁵

vkSj vkxs enjls esa tks ljdkjh lkeku gS mls pansjh esa [kaM vf/kdkjh ds ikl tek djus dh ckr dg nhA

ckWa/k ds dkj.k izrkfMr lHkh xkWao ds cPpksa dh f’k{kk NwV tkrh gSaA mudk Hkfo"; pkSiV gks tkrk gSA

ljdkj ifj;kstukvksa dks fodflr djus ds fy, fdlkuksa dh tehu ysrh gSA ifj;kstukvksa dk dke ’kq# gks tkrk gSA bl ifj;kstuk esa ml fdlku dks dksbZ ukSdjh ugha nh tkrhA mls etnwj Hkh ugha j[kk tkrk A vkfFkZd n`"Vh ls og fdlku nksgjh ekj dk f’kdkj gksrk gSA tehu Hkh xbZ vkSj vkthfodk Hkh gkFk ugha vkbZA ml foo’k vkSj cscl fdlku dh dksbZ lquokbZ ugha gksrhA ljdkj vkSj

;kstuk ls tqMs Bsdsnkj vius-vius <+x ls lkekU; fdlku dk ’kks"k.k djrs gSaA ^Mwc* miU;kl esa jkt?kkV ckWa/k ifj;kstuk esa ml {ks«k ds fdlkuksa dh tehusa pyh xbZA mudk vkthfodk dk lk/ku fNuk x;kA fgjk lko vkSj Bsdsnkj feydj QSlyk djrs gS fd ;gkWa ds vkl ikl ds fdlh xkWao ds fdlh vkneh dks etnwj ugha j[k tk,xkA T;ksrh"k tks’kh fy[krs gS ] ^^ ;gkWa ds LFkkuh; vkneh eu yxkdj iqjs le; dke ugha djsaxs A d;ksafd os vius rht R;kSgkj eukuk ugha NksMsaxs dke dh [kkfrjA ?kj-ifjokj ds ’kknh-C;kg esa ’kkfey gksuk Hkh u R;kxsaxs A dksbZ chekj- nq%[kh gqvk rks mldh rhekjnkjh esa tqVuk Hkh ugha NksMsaxs A ljdkjh] ckcw ls fd Bsdsnkj ds ewWag ls dksbZ ÅWap-uhp ckr fudy xbZ rks mlls >xM+us ls ckt Hkh u vk,axs A**

⁶

ftUgsa clk-clk;k mtkMdj ifj;kstuk dk fuekZ.k gksrk jgk] ml ifj;kstuk ds fy, bu LFkkuh; yksxksa dks ugha fy;kA LFkkfu; yksxksa us vius thou dh dqckZuh nsdj] viuh laink dks R;kxdj ns’k ds [kkrhj fd, R;kx ds cnys mUgsa jkstxkj ls oafpr j[kk tkrk gSA

ckWa/k ifj;kstuk ds nwj igkM+h {ks«k ds xkWao esa [ksrh ds flok dksbZ nwljk jkstxkj ugha gSA [ksrh dk dke ckjg eghus ugha pyrk tc rd dke gS rc rd vFkkZtu gksrk jgrk gSA tc dke ugha gS rc fdlku] etnwj chMh dkj[kkus ds fy, rsanw ds iRrs rksM+us dk dke djrs gSA ^^ HkkSj gksrs u-gksrs xkWao dh vkSjrs] enZ ] cPps] dkWa[k es ,d cMk lk diMk pkWags rks dksbZ - dksbZ xkWaft;k is fudy iMrs gS MkWax dh vkSjA xfeZ;ksa ds fnu lks I;kl yxrh gh gqbZ A blfy, lc rks ugha exj nks - nks ]pkj - pkj yksxksa ds chp ,d tu gksrk FkkA flj ij ikuh ls Hkjk ?kSyk fy,A

MkWax -MkWax dk pDdj yxkdj rsanw ds isMksa ls iRrs rksM+s tkus yxsA ?kj vkdj [kkuk idkdj iRrksa dh NWaVkbZ gksrhA

ikWap ntZu] ckjg x<k] rhu chlh] ftldk tSlk] ftruk xf.kr - Kku] og mlh rjg fxurh djrk - exj iz;kstu ,d ifj.kke ,d dh gj xÏh esa gksus pkfg, lkB lkQ lqFkjs iRrsaA xÏh dks Nqfy;k dh tM+ ls] yV ls ckWa/kks A lkWa> dks panSbZ ls vk, Bsays dh vkokt lqurs gh tk igqWapkas jkelkxj ckoMhokys eSnku esa A

Bsys ls mrjrs gS ,d equhe vkSj fMysoj ,d-,d tu viuh-viuh ckjh vkus ij fMysoj dks iRrksa dh xfÏ;kWa fxuokvksa] tkWap-ij[k djokvksa vkSj ysyks uxn dynkj A**

²³

;s yksx vkthfodk pykus dMh esgur djrs gSaaA

ckWa/k cukus ds fy, dbZ o"kksZa dk le; yxrk gSA ckWa/k cukus dh izfd;k vkSj foLFkkfirksa dks

iquokZflr djus dh izfdz;k ,d lkFk pyrh gSA tSls -tSls ckWa/k dk dke vkxs c<+rk gS mlesa ikuh

Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (ISSN 2349-638x) Impact Factor 3.025 UGC Approved Sr.No. 64259 www.aiirjournal.com Mob.9922455749 ₉₉99

bdêk gks tkrk gSA foLFkkfir yksxksa dks bldk iRrk ugha gksrkA ljdkj ds Hkjksls ls os yksx iquokZflr gksus dk bartkj djrs& djrs fnu dkVrs jgrs gSA ljdkj bu folFkkfirksa dks csn[ky djds ckWa/k dk ikuh bdêk fd;k tkrk gSA foLFkkfirksa dh lqj{kk dks ns[kk ugha tkrk A vkSj ,d fnu og ikuh foLFkkfirksa ds xkWaoks esa ?kwlrk gSA ^^ jkt?kkV ij ckWa/k okyksa us tks rVca/k cuk;k Fkk] ,d jkr og VwV x;kA ogkWa bdêk fd;k ikuh] iapeuxj] ckjh] Vks<s] ds’kksiqj vkSj u tkus dgkWa - dgkWa]

fdl - fdl xkWao esa tk ?kwlk A jkt?kkV ls ikuhiwjk rd ds lc xkWao Mwc x, A eos’kh cg x,A Qly pkSiV gks xbZ A ?kj - Vijk ikuha esa fljk x,A crZu - cklu] pqYgk -pDdh ?kqy x,A **7

bl egkizy; ls Mwc {ks«k ds iwjs-xkWao [kRe gks x;sA cM+h gkfu gks xbZ FkhA ysfdu ljdkj

>wBk gh ?kksf"kr djrh gS fd rV ca/k VwVus ls igys gh yksxksa dks lqjf{kr txg ij clk;k x;k FkkA ftUgsa clk -clk;k mtkM+dj ifj;kstuk dk fuekZ.k gksrk jgk] mUgsa vlyh;r ls csn[ky fd;k tkrk gSA

foLFkkfirksa dks ljdkj nqyZf{kr djrh gS] mUgsa ck<+ ls cpus ds fy, feðh ds nkeksa esa vius

?kj & n~okj cspdj foLFkkfir gksus ds fy, ljdkj etcwj dj nsrh gSA

;krk;kr ds fy, foLFkfirksa dks la?k"kZ djuk iMrk gSAjkt?kkV ckWa/k ifj;kstuk dk dke tSls gh ’kq# gks x;k A ckWa/k ds fy, feêh dh t#jh Fkh rks pkjksa vkSj ls ^^ckWa/k okyks us ctjkbZ ds ml rjQ] iFkjk cCck ds ikj ls ysdj tkus dgkWa rd rks xSy dh xSy [kksn yh gSA feêh fudkydj ys x, gS os A gj nl dne ij nl - nl] ch# - ch# gkFk xgjs xÏs dj fn, gSA**

⁸

cjsnh dh ekS<k us Hkjh iapk;r esa ;g c;ku dj fn;kA ckWa/k ds dkj.k ;gkWa ds lHkh xkWao foLFkkfir gksusokys gSA bl dkj.k ^^ dqN le; ckn eksVj dk vkuk can gks x;kA**

⁹

xkWao ls pansjh tkus ds fy, dksbZ lk/ku ugha FkkA** u] cSyxkMh dke ugha vkus dh bl jkg ij A ikWao ikWao tkuk gksxk A ckWa/k ds fy, feêh dh njdkj Fkh u] lks lcjh jkgw [kksn yh xbZ gSA cSyxkMh ys tkus dh jkg gS dgkWa \**

¹⁰

ekrs dk

;g c;ku foLFkkfirksa dh ;krk;kr dh leL;k dks mtkxj djrk gSA pquko ds dqN egRo ds dkxt pansjh ls yMSbZ igqWapkus ds fy, Mkfd;k dks iSny pydj vkuk iMrk gSA ^^pquko ds fBd igys ,d ljdkjh dkxt fy;s nkSM+k vk;k Fkk pansjh esa Mkd?kj dk Mkfd;kA dkxt igwWapkuk FkkA rHkh u ckjg dksl dh xnxn yxkbZ mlusA**

¹¹

;krk;kr dh lqfo/kk can gksus ls iwjk bykdk ijs’kku gks x;kA

’kgj tkuk gks rks ckjg dksl iSny tkuk iMrk FkkA

jkt?kkV ckWa/k ifj;kstuk ds Mwc {ks«k esa yMSbZ]ckjh] Vks<s] iapeuxj] fljlkSfn;k] ikuhiqjk tSls lSdaMks xkWao vkrs gSA ;gkWa ds yksxksa dks muds ?kj - n~okj] [ksr - [kfygku] isM ikS/ks ] <ksj vkfn dk eqvkotk ugha fn;k tkrkA cgkuk cukdj Vky fn;k tkrk gS]^^ ?kj] ck[kj] [ksrksa esa ekStwn dq,Wa ] isMksa dh rc dksbZ fder ugha vkadh xbZ FkhA dg fn;k x;k Fkk fd vHkh ljdkj ds [ktkus esa jde ugha gS vkSj ;g Hkh ljdkj vHkh vkidks xkWao ls tkus dks dg ugha jgh gSA tkvksxs rks rHkh u tc ljdkj dgha vkSj tehu nsxh jgus A cl] rHkh nsxh ckdh eqvkotk Hkh] rc bUrtkj djksA tSls - tSls ljdkj dks ckMwtehu dh t#jr gksrh tk,xh] rqaEgs eqvkotk feyrk tk,xkA**

¹²

foLFkkfir yksx vius eqvkots ds bartkj esa o"kksaZ cSBrs gSA eqvkots dh vkM esa yksx mUgsa

yqVrs gSA muds vKku dk Qk;nk mBkdj mUgsa Bxkrk gS] muds ftanxh ds lkFk Ny diV djrk

gSA mUgsa cgyk Qqlykrk gSA ckWa/k ls ihfMr xkWao dh tehu] dqvkWa ] isM vkfn dk eqvkotk r; djus

ds fy, pansjh esa Hkw -vtZu vf/kdkjh dk nIrj [kksykA bu vf/kdkfj;ksa us yksxksa dh tehu - tk;nkn

dk fBd rjg ls losZ{k.kugha fd;kA dSyk’k egkjkt losZ{k.k dk dkxt i<+dj lqukrk gSA blesa

fy[kk gS fd bl tehu ij dksbZ Vijk ;k ck[kj ugha gSA blesa fy[kk gS fd ;g tehu [ksfrgj unh

fjgk;rh gSA blesa fy[k gS fd bl tehu ij flapkbZ dk lca/k ugha gSA blesa fy[k gS fd ;g Hkwfe

vflfpar gSA blesa fy[kk gS fd ;gkWa dksbZ dqvkWa ugha gSA blesa fy[kk gS fd ;gkWa dsoy pkjk gksrk gSA

Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (ISSN 2349-638x) Impact Factor 3.025 UGC Approved Sr.No. 64259 www.aiirjournal.com Mob.9922455749 ₁₀₀100

blesa fy[kk gS fd ;g Hkwfe bdQlyh gSA**

¹³

bl izdkj ds losZ{k.k ls cjlksa ls [ksrh fdlkuh djusokys yksx ljdkj ds bl uhfr ls uqdlku eas vkrs gSA

fu"d"kZr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd ohjsUnz tSu us vius ^Mwc* miU;kl esa foLFkkfir yksxksa ds thou la?k"kZ dks ;FkkFkZrk ls fpf=r fd;k gSA edku] f’k{kk] ;krk;kr] lkgqdkj] ljdkjh ckcq]

eqvkotk]] ck<+] O;olk; vkfn ls ihfMr gksdj th jgs gSaA os yksx nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkus dks etcwj gks tkrs gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;s yksx la?k"kZ djds thrs gSA ohjsUnz tSu us vius lkfgR; esa bldk

;FkkFkZ fp=.k fd;k gSA lanHkZ lwph&

1- ohjsUnz tSu& Mwc i`- 218 2- ogh] i`- 218

3- ogh] i`- 184 4- ogh] i`- 105 5- ogh] i`- 108

6- Tkksfr"k tks’kh& bafM;k VwMs] 30 flracj] 1995 ] i`- 17 7- ohjsUnz tSu&ikj] i`- 192

8- ogh] i`- 210

9- ogh] i`- 219

10- ogh] i`- 190

11- ogh] i`- 191

12- ogh] i`- 229

13- ogh] i`- 205

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In document INTERDISCIPLINARY NATIONAL SEMINAR (Page 115-119)