Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
3.2.2 Hcp tXmWn bm{X
kuμ-cym-fl-Ihpw kwKo-Xm-fl-I-hp-amb h≈-tØmƒ°hn-X-bvs°mcp DZm-l-cWw IqSn-bmWv "tXmWnbm{X'. kzmX-{¥y-hpw, ka-`m-h-\bpw kl- Pm-X-kvt\-lhpw kv^pcn-°p-∂p≠v Cu Ihn-X-bn¬. kmln-Xy-a-RvPcn aq∂mw-
`m-K-Øn-emWv Cu IhnX Dƒs∏SpØnbn-´p-≈-Xv. efn-X-tIm-af]Zm-h-en-I- fm¬ \n_-‘n-®n-´p≈ Ihn--.X 1920 emWv cNn-®-Xv.
PmXn-Nn-¥-bv°-Xo-X-am-b Bi-b-amWv Ihn-X-bn-te-Xv. F√m-h¿°pw Htc- i-co-c-amWv D≈Xv AXn-\nsS ta¬°ogv hn`m-K-Nn-¥bv°p {]k-‡n-bn-s√-
∂mWv Ihn Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ime-Øns‚ {]iv\-ßfpw {]Xym-i-Ifpw
\ntbm-K-ßfpw F√mw CXn-eqsS hcp-∂p.
t]cp-t]mse Hcp tXmWn-bm-{X-bmWv kμ¿`w. k‘ym-k-a-bØv bm{Xn- I¿ h≈-Øn¬ hncn®p InS-°m≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. tXmWn ]pd-s∏´p Ign-
™m¬ cm{Xn-b-s√. kpJ-ambn abßmw F∂m-bn-cp∂p Nn¥. sI´p-h-≈- Øn¬ \nemhp ]c∂p XpS-ßn. Ihn-sas√ Dd-°-Øn-te°p hogm≥ XpS-ßn- b-t∏mƒ h©n-°m-cn-sem-cmƒ Ihn-tbmSp cmam-bWw hmbn-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-
aXn tNmZn-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv. Xmgv∂-Pm-Xn-°m-c-\mb tXmWn-°m-cs‚ tNmZyw Ihn-a-\- ns\ hnjm-Z-`-cn-X-am-°p-∂p.
""lm, \∂p,b¿∂p-≈-h¿ Xmgv∂-Pm-Xn˛
°mcn¬°SØpw IcpWm ISm-£w.
A\¿∞-K¿Ø-ß-fn-em-≠p-Xt∂
InS-°Ww t]men-h¿ IoS-Xp-eyw, thtZ-Xn-lm-kmZn hn`q-Xn-sb√mw
ta¬÷m-Xn-X≥ ss]Xr-I-am-Wp-t]mepw! 9
PmXn-s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ Nn¥ DW-cp-I-bmWv Ihn-bn¬. `mc-X-Øns‚ Ncn- {Xhpw ]mc-º-cyhpw Cßs\ Xmgv∂-Pm-Xn-°msc IoS-Xp-ey-cmbn A\¿∞- ß-fpsS K¿Ø-ß-fn¬ XmWp InS-°Ww F∂mtWm. Ch¿ F¥mWv Nn¥n-
°p-∂-Xv. thZ-ßfpw CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-sa√mw Ct∏mƒ ta¬Pm-Xn-°m-sc∂p ]d-bp-∂-h¿ D≠m-°n-b-XmtWm? cmam-bWw t]mse-sbmcp CXn-lm-k-{KŸw hmbn-°m-\mbn A\p-aXn tNmZn-°p-∂p. Cu tNmZyw Ihn-bpsS IÆn¬\n∂pw NpSp-I-Æp-\o¿ {]h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. cmam-bWw cNn®
hmflo-In-a-l¿jn Xs∂ Bcm-bn-cp-∂p. al-Xz-Øn\v PmXn ASn-ÿm-\-a-√.
hmKvtZ-hn-sb-Øm-\-dn-bmsX Xo≠n˛
t∏msb-∂n-h≥ am∏n-c-∂o-Sp∂p:
`bm-\Iw lm, kvarXn hmIy-tLm-jw˛
PmXn-∏n-im-Nn≥ {]Np-cm-´-lmkw! 10
kvarXn-bpsS Xo´q-c-Øns‚ hmZy-tLm-j-am-bmWv Ihn tXmWn-°m-cs‚
am∏n-c-°¬ tIƒ°p-∂-Xv. hmKvtZ-hn-sb-bmWv Abmƒ Xo≠n-b-Xv. AXn-\mWv am∏n-c-°p-∂-Xv. CXv AXy¥w `bm-\-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚
ku{`m-{X-Øns‚ `qan-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ Cu PmXn-Nn-¥, `qan-bn¬ sh≈-s∏m-°-
am¿sØm-gp-In-b-Xn-\m¬ ]te-SØpw ]mgva-W¬ h∂-Sn™v `qan-bpsS \nc∏v t]mbn ]te-Shpw XmgvNbpw Db¿®-bp-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. a\p-jy-s\bpw Xmgv∂- h-sc∂pw Db¿∂-h-sc∂pw A¿∞-an-√msX Xcw-Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
km£m¬ {_“-E-jn-bmb thZ-hym-k-s\-s∏-‰Xv Hcp ap°p-h-Øn-bm-Wv.
]cm-i-c-ap-\n°v ap°p-h-kv{Xo-bmb kXy-h-Xn-bn-emWv thZ-hym-k≥ P\n-®Xv.
B `qan-bn-en∂v a\p-jy\v a\p-jy≥ Akv]r-iy-\m-bn. ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ kº¿°- ߃ A[¿Ω-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂p. F∂nßs\ PmXn-bpsS \nc¿∞-IX kzbw ]d-bp∂p Ihn. F∂n´pw `mc-Xo-b¿ PmXn-bvs°-Xnsc IÆp-s]m-Øn-°-fn-
°p∂p.
"X{ºm' \n˛-Xm-sW-¶-en-h≥ ]Xn®
kw_p≤n! tl km[p a\p-jy, t\m°q:
Cu\-Ω-sf-√m-samcp Xºp-cms‚
Iogm-f-cm,-cm¿°nl Xºp-cm\mw? 11
tXmWn-°m-c≥ "X{ºm' F∂mWv Ihnsb hnfn-®-Xv. B hnfn-bpsS
\nc¿∞-IX Ihn ]d-bp-I-bmWv. Cu `qan-bn-ep≈ \msa-√m-hcpw Hcp Xºp- cms‚ Iogm-f-cm-Wv, B Bfp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ thsd Xºp-cm\v {]k-‡n-bn-√.
\o [cn-®n-cn-°p∂ hkv{X-Øn-t\-°mfpw Aev]w hne-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-cn°mw C∂v Rm≥ [cn-®n-´p≈ DSp-∏v, ]Ww sImSp-Øm¬ B¿°p-th-W-sa-¶nepw IS- bn¬ \n∂pw Cß-s\-bp≈ ta¬Øcw hkv{X-߃ hmßn [cn-°m-\m-Ipw.
F∂m¬ \ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw AΩ Xcp∂ hkv{Xw H∂m-Wv. Htc-t]m-se- bp≈ hkv{X-am-Wv. Htc \qep-Iƒ sIm≠v s\bvX-XmWv B hkv{X-߃ F∂v ]d-™p-sIm≠v a\p-jy≥ P\n-°p-tºmƒ, F√mhcpw Hcpt]m-se-bm- sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ ]n∂oSv Cu \m´n¬ ImWp-∂, BN-cn-°p∂ PmXn hyXym- k-Øn¬ Ig-ºn-√ F∂pw Ihn ]d-bp-∂p.
_p≤-a-X-°m-cpsS {Xn]n-S-I-Ønse H∂mw ]nS-I-amb kpØ-]n-S-I-Øn¬
Jp±-I-\n-Im-b-Ønse A©mw {KŸ-Øn¬ kpØw 3/9 ¬ hmtk-jvS-kp-Ø- Øn¬ _p≤≥ h¿Æ-hy-h-ÿ-bvs°-Xnsc hy‡-ambn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. P∑w- sIm≠v a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ imco-cnI t`Z-ß-fn-s√∂pw hyXymkw, t]cnepw AwKo-Im-c-Ønepw am{X-amWv F∂pw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.12
Cu XXzw {Kln-®n-´p≈ -Ihn PmXn-s°-Xnsc I¿i-\-amb \ne-]m-SmWv Ihn-X-bn-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. F{X-am{Xw A\m-Nm-c-ambmWv Cu \m´p-Im¿ PmXn- Nn-¥-sIm≠p \S-°p-∂-sX∂p ]d-bp-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ihn Imhyw hmbn-°m-
\p≈ A\p-aXn sImSp-°p-∂p. tXmWn-°m-c≥ Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—s‚ B cmL- ho-b-IY hfsc `‡n-a-b-kz-c-Øn¬ kptK-b-ambn sNm√n. CXns‚ tIƒhn F{Xtbm B\μ-amWv Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw e`y-am-b-sX-∂-Xn-i-bn-°p-∂p. B Imhym-em-]\w tI´n´v {]Ir-Xn-t]mepw ebn-®p-\n-∂p. \Zn Xs‚ Hmf-°-c-ß- fm¬ Xmf-an-´p. PmXn-Nn¥ Cu {]Ir-Xn-bn-sem-cn-SØpw H∂n-\p-an-s√∂p IqSn Cu hcn-I-fn-eqsS Ihn hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
\of-Øn-e-§o-X-a-hs‚ IWvT˛
\mf-Øn¬ \n∂ßp hn\¿§-fn-t°, Hmf-ß-fm-Ip∂ Ic-߃ sIm≠v Xmfw ]nSn®p \Zn-sas√ sa√! 13
Imhy-Øns‚ Bem-]-\-a-[p-c-{]-hm-l-Øm¬ {]Ir-Xn-bnse Bkzm-Z-\hpw Ihn ImWn®p Xcp-∂p, shÆn-emhv Hcp ]m¬°p-gºp t]mse-bm-b-Xm-bpw, B h©n-bn¬ sh®n-cp∂ s]m´ asÆÆ hnf-°ns‚ Im¥nsb Hcp hnZyp-Xv{]-`-t]mse tXm∂p-I-bpw, B h©n-bn-te°v kpK-‘-hm-ln-bmb Hcp Im‰v h∂-Xm-bpw, Xs‚ a\ nsemcp ]©-h¿Æ-°n-fn-tbsd t\cw sIm©n-
°-fn-®-Xmbpw Ihn°p tXm∂n.
""`mc-X-Øns‚ Ip£n-bnse-{Xtbm cXv\-߃
NmW-ImWmsX InS-∏p-s≠-∂'' -a-s‰mcp Imhy iIew ChnsS Hm¿Ωn-
∏n-°-Ø°-hn-[-Øn-ep-≈-XmWv XpS¿∂p≈ hcn-Iƒ.
Cua-s´{X hne-s∏Spw aWn-I-fp˛
≠nßm-Icw tXmdp˛ am
{ioa-Zz-kvXp-N-b-sØ˛ sb¥p ]dbmw hymtam-l-Zp¿ssh-`hw.
]mgva-Æn≥ s]mSn-]-‰p-sa∂p Icp-Xn˛
kv]¿in-°-tb-sNbvh-Xn˛
t√m a¬ tkmZ-c-a¿±-\-°-d-s]Spw taem-fn-am¿X≥ Icw.14
ktlm-Z-csc a¿±n-°p-∂-Xns‚ Id-bmWv Chn-SsØ taem-f-cpsS ssII- fn-ep-≈-Xv. amdmØ Id-bm-Wn-Xv. B Id ]pc≠ ssII-fmWv aÆn¬ sXm´m¬
s]mSn-]m-dp-sa∂p ]d™v Du‰w-sIm≠p \S-°p-∂-sX∂ \nc¿∞-I-Xsb Ihn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm≠v \n¿Øp-∂p.
3.2.3 ip≤-cn¬ ip≤≥
kmln-Xy-a-RvPcn Bdmw `mK-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-´n-´p-≈-XmWv "ip≤-cn¬
ip≤≥' F∂ IhnX.15 Hcp tXmWn-bm-{X-bnse Z¿i\w Xs∂-bmWv ip≤- cn¬ ip≤≥ F∂ Ihn-Xbnepw ImWp-∂-Xv. PmXn-Nn-¥-bvs°-Xn-sc-bp≈
Blzm\w Xs∂-bmWv Cu IhnX \S-Øp-∂Xv. ae-bm-f-\m-´n¬ \S-am-Sp∂
PmXn-Nn¥ Hcp ip≤-\mb kh¿Ws‚ \mi-sa-ßns\ h∂p-sh∂p ImWn
°p∂p.
tImem-bn¬ h®n-cp-s∂mcp s\cn-t∏m-Sn¬ \n∂pw Xo]mdn hoSns‚ Cd- bn-t∑-se-°qsS Xo ]nSn-°p-∂p. cm{Xn IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-sf√mw \√ Dd-°-am-
bn-cp-∂p. A·n-bpsS Xmfihw hoSns\ ap®qSpw \in-∏nt° NqSp-sIm≠v ho´pIm¿ DW¿∂v Poh-\pw-sIm≠v ]pdØv NmSn ]d-ºn-e-`bw tXSn. B¿Ø-
\mZw tI´ Ab¬°m¿ HmSn-sbØn. ]cn-{i-an-®m¬ k¿Δ-\miw hcmsX Ign-
°m-sa∂p a\- n-em°n InW-‰n¬\n∂pw sh≈w tImcm≥ {ian-°p-∂p.
F∂m¬ Cu HmSn-°q-Sn-b-h-cpsSsb√mw PmXn Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ ho´p-S-a-ÿ≥
Ahsc XS-bp-∂p. Xob-W-°m≥ sh≈-sa-Sp-°p∂ Abn-Ø-°m¿ InW¿ Aip-
≤-am-°p-sa-∂-Xn-em-bn-cp∂p Abm-fpsS t]Sn.
hoSv \odnt∏mbmepw Xc-t°-Sn-√. \n߃ Fs‚ InW¿sXm´v Aip-≤- am-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ aXn-sb-∂m-bn-cp∂p B Krl-\m-Ys‚ hmZw. PmXn-Nn-¥- bm¬ t_m[w \in® Hcp a\p-jys‚ {]e-]-\-am-Wn-hnsS tI´-Xv. kz¥w- hoSv A·n-°n-c-bm-bn´pw hn´p-t]m-Im-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ A{Xbpw Bg-Øn-emWv ae-bm-fn-I-fn¬ PmXn-Nn¥ cqV-aq-e-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F{X-am{Xw A[x-]-Xn®
Nn¥-bmWm a\p-jy-cn-ep-≈-sX-∂m-WnXv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. Abn-Ø-Øns‚
Xobn¬ thhp∂ ae-bm-f-Ø-d-hm-Sns\ Nq≠n Ihn tJZn-°p-∂p.
tIc-f-Øn¬ Ime-ß-fmbn \ne-\n-∂p-t]m∂ Abn-Øm-Nm-c-W-Øn¬ a\- p-cpIn hne-]n-°p-I-bmWv Ihn. "PmXn'-bmWo Ihn-X-bnepw hnj-b-am-bn-´p-
≈-Xv. {]I-S-amb coXn-bn¬ PmXym-Nm-csØ ]cn-l-kn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv.
PmXn-s°-Xnsc ]cn-lm-k-i-c-sa-øp-I-bm-Wv Ihn.