tIcfw: tZihpw kwkvImchpw (Kerala: Region and Culture)
tIc-f-¯n\v AXn-{]m-No-\-amb Hcp Ncn{Xw D−v. BZn-Ime tKm{X-P-\-X-tbmSpw Ah-cpsS {]tXy-I-amb kwkvIm-c-t¯mSpw Bcy-hÀ¤w CS-I-e-cp-Ibpw Hcp ]pXp-kw- kvImcw cq]-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXv khn-ti-j-amb Hcp kwkvImcw ChnsS hf- À¶phcm³ Imc-W-am-bn. tIc-fo-b-cpsS ho£-W-¯nepw {]Xn-I-c-W-¯nepw Cu t_m[w hcp-¯nb ]cn-jvI-c-W-§Ä a\-Ên-em-t¡-−-Xp-−v. kl-\-§fpw t]mcm-«-§fpw aebm-fn- bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI Pohn-X¯n hcp-¯nb ]cn-Wm-a-§fpw Ah-bn-eqsS AS-bm-f-s¸«
kmaq-lnI {Ia-§fpw CtXm-sSm¸w ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-Ip-¶p. \thm-°m-\m\-´c tIc-fob Pohn-Xhpw AXnsâ ka-Im-en-Im-h-Øbpw IqsS NÀ¨ sNt¿-−-Xp-−v.
bqWn-äv þ 1
tIcfw F¶ {]tZ-i-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw: `ua-N-cn{X]c-amb ]T-\-§Ä \ÂIp¶ Xncn-
¨-dn-hp-IÄ--. tIc-f-¯nsâ `q{]-Ir-Xnbpw Bhm-k-hy-h-Øbpw:kwL-Ime-Ir-Xn-IÄ
\ÂIp¶ kqN-\-IÄ, {]IrXn, Imem-h-Ø, hn`-h-§Ä F¶n-h-b-\p-k-cn¨v hnI-kn-¨p- h¶kaq-l-§Äþ Hmtcm kaqlhpw krjvSn-s¨Sp¯ kmwkvIm-cnI hn`-h-§Ä, ]c-kv]c _Ô-§ÄþXnW-I-fpw Pohn-X-am-Xr-I-Ifpw þ `c-W-Iq-S-¯nsâ D¸-¯n-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]g-´- angv ]m«p-IÄ \ÂIp¶ kqN-\-IÄ : \mSp-I-fpsS cq]o-I-cWw, kzX-{´-tKm-{X-dn-¸-»n-¡p- IÄ, aqth-´-·mÀ, Ihn-IÄ, Ih-b-{Xn-IÄþ ]g-´-angv ]m«p-I-fnse kv{Xo þ ]pcpj _Ô-
§Äþ ]g-´-angv ]m«p-I-fnse kmaq-ly-_-Ô-§Ä.
bqWnäv þ 2
Xt±-i-Úm-\-§-fpsS Imew, IpdÄ, ]©-a-lm-Im-hy-§Ä, {_mÒ-Wo-I-c-Ww, PmXn- I-fpsS DÂ`hw: tIc-f-¯nse kaq-l-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä, PmXn-hy-hØbpsS DZv`hw kw_- Ôn¨ hnhn[ \nK-a-\-§Äþ Cfw-Ip-fw. Ipª³]n-Å, ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW³, sI.-sI.
sIm¨v, tUm. sI.F³ KtWjv F¶n-h-cpsS \nco-£-W-§Äþ PmXn-bpw tIc-f-kw-kvIm- chpwþPmXnbpw tIc-f-¯nsâÚm\-hy-h-Øbpw: If-cn, sshZyw, ssIs¯m-gn-ep-IÄ, KWn- Xw, hmkvXp-hnZymhnÚm-\-§Ä. Ahbv¡v PmXn-hy-h-Ø-bp-am-bpÅ _Ôw,_u²-
30
þssP\km¶n[y§ÄþsshÚm-\nIkw-`m-h-\-IÄ, þPmXn-hy-h-Øbpw \mtSmSn ]mc-¼-cy-
§fpw, {]Xn-tcm-[hpw \mtSmSn kmln-Xy-hpw, \nÈ-_vZ-k-aq-l-§Ä.
bqWn-äv-þ3
ISepw tIcf kwkvIm-chpw þ tIc-f-¯nse Xpd-ap-J-§-fpsS Ncn{Xw þ tIc-f-
¯nsâ hmWn-Py-_-Ô-§Äþ tIc-f-kw-kvImc¯n hntZ-i-_-Ô-§Ä sNep-¯nb kzm[o\w þ IS IS-s¶-¯nb aX-§Ä: PqX-a-Xw, {InkvXp-a-Xw, CÉmw-aXw þ {]kvXpX aX-§Ä tIc-f-¯n krjvSn¨ kmwkvIm-cnI ]mc-¼-cy-§Ä aX-]-cn-hÀ¯\hpw kmaq-ly-
\o-Xn-bpw, `mjmþkwkvImchn\n-a-b-§-fn Hmjym-\nIv ]T-\-§fpsS taJ-e-bn D−mb ]pXnb DÄImgvN-IÄ ap³\nÀ¯n-bp-ff kao-]-\w.
{InkvXy³ anj-W-dn-amcpw tIc-fo-bm-[p-\n-I-Xbpw, _p²-a-Xhpw ssP\-a-XhpwþtIcf kwkvIm-c-¯nÂ\n¶v e`n-¡p¶ sXfn-hp-IÄþ tIc-f-¯nse t£{X-]m-c-¼-cyhpw Imhp]m-c-
¼-cyhpw þ \mSp-hm-gn-¯hpw {_mÒ-W-{Kma-§fpw þ IpetiJ-c-·mcpw tIcfhpw þ kmln- Xyw, Ie, imkv{Xw F¶o taJ-e-I-fn c−mw tNccmPm-¡-·m-cpsS Ime-¯p-−mb hnImkw þ ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS hfÀ¨þ \m«p-cm-Py-§-fpsS DZbw þ \m«p-cm-Py-§fpw `qan-bpsS hnX-c-Whpw þ tZh-kzhpw {_Ò-kzhpw þ P·n-hy-h-Ø-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ.
bqWn-äv-þ4
sImtfm-Wn-b-en-khpw tIcf kwkvIm-chpw þ sImtfm-Wn-b hnZym-`ymkw Adn-hn- t\m-SpÅ kao-]-\-¯n h¶ amäw þ A¨-Snbpw km£c s]mXp-a-Þ-ehpw þ t]mÀ¨p-Ko- kv, U¨v, {^©v {_n«ojv A[o-iXz§Ä tIc-f-¯nsâ kwkvIm-c-¯n sNep-¯nb kzm[o\w þ sImtfm-Wn-b-en-khpw ssZ\w Zn\-hy-h-lm-c-§fpw þsImtfm-Wn-b-en- kt¯mSpÅ kao-]-\-¯nse D`-b-kz-`mhw. tIc-f-¯nse ASn-a¯wþA-Sn-a-hym-]m-c-§Ä.
tIc-f-¯nse P·n¯ hncp-²-k-a-c-§Äþ 1921 se ae-_mÀ kacw þIÀj-I-I-em-]-§Äþ ]g- Èn-k-a-c-§-Ä, tZio-b-{]-Øm\w,I-½yq-Wn-Ìv{]Øm\w, sFIy-tI-cfwþ tIc-f-¯nse BZys¯ Khs×âpw `q]-cn-jvI-c-Whpw þ BZys¯ hnZym-`ymk _nÃv þ hntam-N-\-k-a-cwþ ]n¡me cmjv{So-b-wþ ASn-b-´n-cm-h-Ø.
bqWnäv þ 5
tIc-fob \thm-°m\w þ {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp, A¿-¦m-fn, hmKv`-Sm-\-µ³, h¡w aue- hn,shfn-b-t¦mSv DaÀ Jmkn, s]mbvI-bn A¸-¨³, N«-¼n-kzm-an-IÄ, ]Þnäv sI.-]n.-I-dp-
¸³, ktlm-Z-c-\-¿-¸³, k-\m-hpà aàn-X-§Ä XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ.tIc-f-¯nse kv{Xoapt¶-ä-§Ä, \thm-°m\m-\-´c tIc-fob kaq-lhpw PmXn-kw-L-S-\-Ifpwþ sImSp-§-
31
ÃqÀ apÉnw sFIy-kwLwþtbmK-t£-a-k-`, Fkv.-F³.-Un.-]n, F³.-F-kv.Fkv, ]n.-BÀ.-Un.- Fkv. tIcfw F¶ `mjm kwØm\w:tIcftamUÂþ ]cn-Øn-Xnbpw hnI-k-\hpw: tIc- fhpw {]hm-khpw.P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-Ww-þ tIc-f-¯nsâ A\p-`-h-]m-T-§Ä. tIc-f-¯nses]mXp- hn-Zym-`ymkw, \h kmaqlnI{]Øm-\-§fpw tIc-fobkaq-lhpw þ \h-en-_-d kao-]-\-
§ÄþD]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-cwþka-ImetIc-fob Pohn-X-w.
]T-\-¯nsâ `mK-ambn sXt¡ C´ybnse Ncn-{XþkmwkvIm-cn-I-{]m-[m-\y-apÅ Øe-
§Ä kµÀin¨v ]Xn-\-©p-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm¡n kaÀ¸n-t¡-
−-Xm-Wv.
klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä
tIc-f-N-cn{Xw H¶mw `mKw , cmLh hmcn-bÀ, cmP³ Kpcp-¡Ä, FS-¸mÄ: hÅ-t¯mÄ hnZym-]oTw 2011.
tIcf Ncn{Xw c−mw `mKw. FS-¸mÄ: hÅ-t¯mÄ hnZym-]o-Tw.
ae-bm-fn-bpsS tZi-Im-e-§Ä. sI.-F³.-K-tWjv. tImgn-t¡mSv: dmkvs_dn _pIvkv, 2016.
tI-cf kaq-l-]-T-\-§Ä. sI..-F³. KtW-jv, ]¯-\w-Xn«: {]kàn _pIvlu-kv, 2011.
tI-cf¯nsâ C¶-se-IÄ, sI.-F³. KtWjv, kmwkvIm-cnI {]kn-²o-I-c-W-h-Ip-¸v, 1997.
tIcf \thm-°m\w ]pXp-hm-b-\-IÄ, AP-bv-ti-JÀ, Fkv.-BÀ. N{µ-tam-l³, (F-Un.) sdbvh³ ]»n-t¡-j³kv.
]pXp-tI-cf Nn´-IÄ. Fw.-]n.-]-c-ta-iz-c³, Cu.-Un. tUhn-kv, tPmPn C«-t½Â(-FUn.).
XrÈqÀ: tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-¯v.
Xangv kwL-ImeIhn-X-IÄ. hnh. ae-b¯v A¸p-®n. tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-`qan ]»n-t¡- j³kv.
Aªq-dp-hÀjs¯ tIcfw Nne Adn-h-S-bm-f-§Ä. hÀKokv hn.-sP, hnP-b-tam-l³]nÅ F³. N§-\m-tÈcn: Xmc-Xay ]T-\-kw-Lw.
Xan-gIw CuSp-Ifpw Nph-Sp-I-fpw. sI.-sP.-A-P-b-Ip-amÀ, tImgn-t¡mSv: C³sskäv ]»n-¡v, 2012.
kwL-km-lnXy Ncn{Xw. tae-§¯v \mcm-b-W³Ip-«n. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v. 2003.
hb-\mSv tcJ-IÄ. H.-sI. tPmWn, tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-`qan _pIvkv, 2010.
_p²-a-Xhpw PmXn-hy-h-Ø-bpw. sI.-kp-K-X³, tImgn-t¡mSv: t{]m{Kkv ]»n-t¡-j³, 2014.
tIc-f-N-cn-{X-¯nse Ccp-f-Sª GSp-IÄ, Cfw-Ipfw Ipª-³]n-Å, Fkv.-]n.-kn.-F-kv, tIm«bw 1974.
32
tZio-b-Xbpw IÀjI ka-c-§-fpw. sI.-sI.-F³.-Ip-dp-¸v. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj- gvkv, 1991.
{^m³knkv _p¡m-\sâ tIc-fw. hnh.-tUm. kn.-sI.-I-cow, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 1981.
a²y-ImetIcfw kzcq-]-\o-Xn-bpsS Ncn-{X-]m-T-§Ä, Fw.-BÀ.-cm-L-h-hm-cyÀ. tIm«bw:
kmln-Xy-{]-hÀ¯I kl-I-cW kwLw. 2014.
kmaq-Xncn s]cpa a²y-Ime tIc-f-¯nse cmjv{So-b-þ-kmw-kvIm-c-N-cn-{Xw, hn.-hn.-l-cn-Zm-kv,.
XrÈqÀ: tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an, 2012.
ssP\-aXw tIc-f-¯nÂ.Fw.-BÀ. cmL-h-hm-cn-bÀ, tIm«bw: kmln-Xy-{]-hÀ¯I kl-I-c- W-kw-Lw, 2013.
tIcfw: Xpd-apJ Ncn-{X-§-fn-eqsS, sI.-]n.-cm-P³, tImgn-t¡mSv: ]nbmt\m ]»n-t¡-j³kv, 2012.
tIcfNcn{Xw If-cnbpw Iem-cq-]-§-fpw. apIp-µ³ Ipdp-¸v, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 2013.
tIcfkaqlw C¶v \msf, sI.-F³.-K-tW-jv. tIm«bw: kmlnXy {]hÀ¯I kl-I-c-W- kw-Lw 2012.
k©m-cn-IÄ I− tIc-fw, them-bp-[³ ]Wn-¡-tÈ-cn, XrÈqÀ: Idâv _pIvkv, 2012.
tIcfw Hcp e´-¡m-csâ ZrjvSn-bnÂ, sI.-in-h-i-¦-c³ \mbÀ, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIcf
`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v.
tIcfw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`q-an. C.-Fw.-F-kv. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2016.
ae-_mÀ Iem]w {]`p-Xz-¯n\pw cmP-hm-gvN-bv¡p-sa-Xn-sc., sI.-F³.-]-Wn-¡À, tIm«bw:
Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, 2007.
tIc-fo-bX Ncn-{X-am-\-§Ä, Fw.-BÀ. cmLh hmcn-bÀ, ipI-]pcw: hÅ-t¯mÄ hnZym-]o-Tw, 1990.
tNckm{amPyw H¼Xpw ]¯pw \qäm-−p-I-fnÂ, Cfw-Ipfw. ]n.-F³.-Ipª³]n-Å, tIm«bw:
\mj-WÂ _pIvÌmÄ, 1960.
tIcfNcn-{X-¯nsâ \m«p-h-gn-IÄ. F³.-Fw.-\-¼q-Xn-cn, ]n.-sI.-in-h-Zmkv (F-Un.) tIm«bw:
Unkn.-_p-Ivkv, 2011.
Jnem-^¯v kvac-W-IÄ, samgn-¡p-¶¯v {_Ò-Z-¯³ \¼q-Xn-cn-¸m-Sv, tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-
`qan _pIvkv, 2006.
]g-Èn-cmP Imehpw Pohn-X-hpw. sI.-sI.-F³. Ipdp-¸v. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: saen³U _pIvkv, 2012.
tIcf\thm-°m\w Hcp amÀIvknÌv hn£Ww H¶mw k©n-I. ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ, Xncp-h-\-
´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2013.
33
tI-cf\thm-°m-\w. ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ, c−mw k©nI aXm-Nm-cn-IÄ aX-\n-tj-[n-IÄ.
Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2009.
tI-cf\thm-°m-\w, ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ, aq¶mw k©nI bpK-k-´-Xn-IÄ bpK-in-ev]n-IÄ.
Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2010.
tI-cf\thm-°m-\w, ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ, \memw k©nI am[y-a-]ÀÆw. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw:
Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2013.
s]mbv-I-bn A¸-¨³, cmtPjv Nnd-¸m-Sv.. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: Nn´ ]»n-tj-gvkv, 2015.
A¿-¦m-fn, sN´m-c-tÈcn Sn.-F-¨v.-]n. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: {]`mXv _pIv lukv, 2013.
A¨p-Iq-S-¯nse tIcfw. {ioIp-amÀ.-F.-Pn. I®qÀ: ssIcfn _pIvkv, 2014.
Ncn-{X-¯nsâ ap{Z-W-§Ä ae-bmf ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ hnIm-khpw ]cn-Wm-a-hpw. jn_p- ap-l-½-Zv, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 2007.
Ipe-kv{Xobqw N´-s¸®pw D−m-b-sX-§s\? sP. tZhn-I. XrÈqÀ: tIcf imkv{X-km- lnXy ]cn-j-¯v, 2015.
tIc-f-¯nsâ kv{Xoapt¶äNcn-{X-§Ä, kn.-F-kv.-N-{µn-I, tIm«bw: Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, 2016.
kv{Xo]-T\w tIcf kv{Xo F§s\ Pohn-¡p¶p? F§s\ Nn´n-¡p-¶p. XrÈqÀ: tIcf imkv{X kmlnXy ]cn-j-¯v, 2013.
tIcfNcn{Xw hmfyw 1 & 11, ]n.-F.-sk-bvXp-ap-l-½Zv (F-Un.). sIm¨n: tIcf lnÌdn Atkm-kn-tb-j³.
tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cn-I-N-cn-{Xw, ]n.-sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tId-f-
`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 1991.
tIc-f-N-cn-{Xw, F. {io[-c-ta-t\m³, tIm«bw: Fkv.-]n.-F-kv., 1967.
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\mbÀ ta[mhnXz¯nsâ ]X\w. tdm_n³ sP{^n, tIm«bw: Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, 1979 hmWn-Py-tI-c-fw.-Kw-Km-[-c³ Fw.tIm«bwUn.-kn.-_p-Ivkv,2013
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¡m-Z-an,2005.
34
tIcfkwØm\ cq]oIcWw. tPmbn _me³, hvfm¯m¦c. Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cw: Nn´
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«v,2013
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Fsâ tIc-fw. -c-ho-{µ³,tImgn-t¡mSv: amXr-`qan _pIvkv, 2008.
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