Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
3.2.7 A—s‚ NmØw
\akvIcn-°p-∂p. Aß-bpsS XtXzm-]-tZiw sIm≠p R߃ Cu kwkm-c- Øns‚ ˛ `h-Øns‚ ˛ ZpxJ-Øns‚ Nß-e-s°-´p-I-f-gn®v kzmX{¥yw t\Ss´!
\mw kzmX-{¥y-a-S-bmhq F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS cN-\-bn-eqsS {][m-\-s∏´
c≠v Imcy-ß-fmWv Htc-k-abw h≈-tØmƒ \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂m-a- Xmbn `mc-X-Øns‚ ]ucm-Wn-I-X-bn¬ A`n-am\w sIm≈p-∂p. c≠m-a-Xmbn CXp-]-tbm-Kn®v kzcm-Py-Øns‚ kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øn\v Fßns\ DtØ-P\w
\¬Im-\mIpw F∂pw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. {io _p≤s\ \a-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw H∏w At±-l-Øns‚ Z¿i-\-ßsf hmgvØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Htc-k-abw Cu hmgvØ- ep-Iƒ `mc-X-Øns‚ kzmX-{¥-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n-Isf DW¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-]-tbm- Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Km‘nPn Alnw-k-bn¬ ASn-bp-d-®p-\n¬°p-I-bmWv ka-c-ap-JØv AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ {io_p-≤s‚ Alnw-kbv°v ]c-a-{]-[m-\- amb ÿm-\-ap≠v `mc-X-Øn¬. Km‘n-`-‡-\mb h≈-tØmƒ kzm`m-hn-I- ambpw CXv Xs‚ Ihn-Xbv°v hnj-b-am-°n-bXv t_m[-]q¿Δw tZim-`n-am\w DtØ-Pn-∏n°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bm-Wv. _p≤s‚ Alnw-k-bmWv Km‘nPn Xs‚
ka-c-Øn-\p≈ {][m-\ B-bp-[-am-°n-b-Xv.
Æm≥ h∂ {_m“-W¿°p \¬Ip∂ Xnc-°n-em-Wv. ]Icw Ah¿ Abmƒ°v Bin- p-Iƒ \¬In.
hkv{X-ßfpw cXv\-ßfpw `qtZ-h¿°p \¬In ]Icw kzkvXn hm°p- Iƒ hmßn-sh-°p-I-bmWv sshtiy{μ≥. Hcp- ssh-iys\ kw_-‘n®v I®- h-S-amWv {][m-\w. Chn-sSbpw Abmƒ AXp sNøp∂p F∂mWv Ihn ]d- bp-∂-Xv. NmØ-aq-´p-∂Xv shdp-sX-b√ Imcy-em-`-Øn-\p-th≠nØs∂.
B ka-bw ]Sn-°¬ \n∂pw Hcm-chw tI´p. `K-hm≥ _p≤≥, _p≤≥
F∂n-ßs\ P\-߃ B¿Øp-hn-fn-°p-∂p. DSs\ Krl-\m-Y≥ Xmtg°v ]m™p-h∂p. `K-hms‚ ]mZ-ß-fn¬ A¿Ly-ß-f¿∏n-°m≥.
AhnsS At∏mƒ I≠ ImgvNtbm hnkva-btØmsS-bmWv Ihn Ah- X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. `c-Xs‚ ]pWy-`qan hnP-bn° F∂m-iw-kn-°p-∂p. B ImgvN- bn¬ A`nam-\w-sIm-≈p-∂p. Poh-Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚ ImX-emb km£m¬ {io_p-
≤-s\-bmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. shdpw ImgvN-b-√. Np‰pw h≥a-Xn¬ Xo¿Ø-P-\m-h- en-bpsS \Sp-hn¬ N{aw ]Sn-™n-cn-°p∂p _p≤≥. {i≤-tbmsS B N-WvUm- e-_m-es\ aSn-bn¬ InSØn Icp-Wm¿{Z-amb Xs‚ ssII-fm¬ ip{iq-jn-
°p∂p Hc-—≥ aIs\ F∂-t]mse. Nqc¬Ø-√n-\m¬ ap-dn-∏-‰nb Ahs‚
s\‰n-bn¬ \n∂pw `K-hms‚ a™-h-kv{X-Øn¬ c‡w hoWv Ip¶pa∏pXp- ]p≈n IpØn-b-s]m-se-bm-bn.
bmsXmt∂m PK-Øn-¶¬°qcn-cp-´ns\ \o°n ˛ t∫m[-ta-In-Sp-ap-j- ns‚ s]m≥\ndw hoin, AØn-cp-a-™-fp-S-bm-S-ta-ep-Zn-∏n®q
c‡-a-WvU-e-a-X-s∂mcp sN¶-Xn-tcms\! 22
temI-Øns‚ Iqcn-cpƒ \o°nb t_m[-Øns‚ ]pe¿Im-e-sh-´-Xn\v s]m≥\ndw \¬Inb _p≤s‚ B a™-Øn-cp-hp-S-bm-ta¬ B NWvUm-e- _m-es‚ c‡w Hcp Nph∂ kqcys\ krjvSn-®p.
Zqsc \n¬t°≠ Hcp Abn-Ø-°m-c-\mWv B _me≥. t]m-sc-¶n¬
Zcn-{Z≥. Xs∂-bp-a√ ]I¿® hym[nbpw ]nSn-s]-´n-´p-≠v. AØ-c-Øn-ep-≈-h- s\-bmWv _p≤≥ Xrss°-bn-\m¬ ip{iq-jn-°p-∂-Xv. B kv]¿i-ta-‰-tXmsS _mes‚ I¨I-fn¬ Hcp ]pXnb {]Imiw ]c-∂p. Pohn-X-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn-
´mWv Ah-\n-ßs\ Hc-\p-`hw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. temI-Øn-en-\nbpw I\n-hns‚
Ddh h‰n-bn-´n-s√-∂-h-\-dn-™p.
Cu ImgvNbpw I≠v HmSn-h∂v hμn®p \n∂ Krl-\m-Y-\mb I®-h-S-
°m-c-t\mSv F√m-hcpw tIƒs° Kpcp-tZ-h≥ ]d-™p.
"]cn-]q-Pn®t√m \o `qcn-hn-{]sc; sb∂m¬
]in-bp-s≠m-cp-t]mse hn{]∂pw ]d-b∂pw Cht\m alm-tcmKn Zcn-{Z≥; shdpw I™n
°h-i-an-cp-∂tXm ZWvU-\m¿lamw Ip‰w.? 23
Hcp-]mSv {_m“-Wsc Du´n-bpw ]mcn-tXm-jnIw \¬Inbpw kt¥m-jn-
∏n-®-b® sshiy-t\m-Sp≈ _p≤s‚ tNmZyw PmXn-s°-Xn-scbpw a\p-jy-\n¬
kmtlm-Z-cy-Øn-s‚bpw Icp-W-bp-sSbpw ]mT-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Zcn-{Z\pw tcmKnbpw PmXn-bn¬ ]d-b-\p-ambnt∏mb-XmtWm B _me≥ sNbvX Ip‰w F∂pw Ahs‚ ]n®-®-´n-bn¬ I\n-hm¿∂v Aev]w I™n ]I-cp-∂-Xn-\p-]- Icw ASn-®p-s]m-´n® Ahs‚ s\‰n-t∑¬ \n∂pw hm¿∂ c‡-Øp-≈n-I-fm- bn-cp∂p \\-®Xv F∂pw tNmZn-®p. ag ImØn-cp∂ Hcp thgm-º-ens‚ sIm°n- te°v ag-Øp-≈n-°p-]-Icw CSn-hmƒ sIm≈n® taL-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn- t]m-em-bt√m CXv F∂pw _p≤≥ ]d-bp-∂p. Ic-bm≥ XpS-ßnb sshiy- t\mSv Ic-™p-sIm≠v B ]mh-Øn-t\m-S-\p-Xm]w {]I-Sn-∏n-t®m-fq. sNbvXp- t]mb ]m] ]cn-lm¿Ø-am-bn. a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-t\mSv Akv]riyX ImWn-
°m-tam, ]c-kv]cw kv]¿in-°p∂Xv Fßn-s\-bmWv Aip-≤n-bm-hp-∂-Xv.
AØcw anYym {KŸ-߃ Nn¥n-Ø-≈q-sh∂p-amWv _p≤≥ ]d-™-Xv.
Zo\-c-£-bv°mbn am‰n shbv°pI, ]nXm-hn-\m¬ B¿÷nX Ipt_-cXzw.
]nXmhv Cu [\w ]nip-°n-\m¬ kºm-Zn-®-XmWv. H´pw Zm\w \¬ImsX kºm-Zn® ZpjvS-k-º-Øns‚ `mcw sIm≠v A[x-]-Xn® \ns‚ A—≥ P∑- sa-Sp-Ø-XmWv Cu NWvUm-e-_m-e≥. Ign™ P∑-Øn¬ DÆm-sXbpw \√
hkv{Xw [cn-°m-sXbpw H´pw Zm\w \¬Im-sXbpw a‰p-≈-hsc IjvS-s∏-Sp- Ønbpw kºm-Zn-®-Xm-Wv. B s]m∂n¬ \mW-b-ß-fn¬ Nne-h-bmWv Cu NWvUm-e-_m-es‚ tZlØv ImWp∂ h´-∏p-Æp-Iƒ. AXn-\m¬ ]nXm-hns‚
I¿ΩtZmj-Øn-\-dp-Xn-h-cp-Øm≥ aIs‚ \√ a\-t m-sS-bp≈ XymK-Ønt\
Ign-bq F∂v `K-hm≥ _p≤≥ ]d-bp-∂p.
_p≤s‚ Cu hn[-Øn-ep≈ D]-tZ-i-߃ B hWn-°ns‚ IÆv Xpd-
∏n-°p-∂p. Xs‚ ]nXmhpw Kpcphpw Xm≥ sNbvXp-t]mb ]m]w s]mdpØp Xc-W-sa∂v ]d-™p-sIm≠v _p≤s‚ ]mZ-Øn¬ hoWp {]W-an-°p-∂p.
_p≤s‚ D]-tZ-i-߃ sNhn-s°m≠v Xs‚ kzsØ√mw AK-Xn-I-fm-bn-´p-
≈-h¿°mbn Zm\w sNbvXp-sIm≠v Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ {im≤-aq´n B sshiy≥.
PmXn t`Zw F{X A¿∞-iq-\y-sa-∂pw I¿Ω-^-e-Xp-S¿® Fßns\
Hcmsf ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw a\p-jy-s\-ßns\ kmtlm-Zcyw ]pe¿Ø-W- sa-∂pw Icp-W-bmWv ]c-a-amb [¿Ω-sa∂pw XymK-amWv Gsd al-Øm-b- {]hr-Ønsb∂pw Zm\-amWv Gsd ]pWy-I¿Ωsa-∂p-ap≈ DZvt_m-[-\-ß- fmWo Ihn-X-bn-eqsS ]d™p hbv°p-∂-Xv.
3.2.8 {iot_m-[n-k-Xzm-]-Zm\Iev]-eX
`mc-Xob `mj-I-fn¬ ae-bm-f-Øn-emWv BZy-ambn {iot_m-[n-k-Xzm-]- Zm\ Iev]-eX F∂ IrXnbv°v Hcp hnh¿Ø\w D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. PmX-I-I-Y- Iƒ A™q-dn-e-[nIw hcpw. Ah-bn¬ \n∂pw \qs‰´p IY-I-fmWv Iev]-e- X-bpsS \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v CXn-hr-Ø-ambn kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. "Znhy-amb Zm\w
˛ [m¿ΩnI kz`mhw £a ˛ {i≤ ˛ [ym\w ⁄m\w' F∂n-h-bpsS ASn- ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Ah FSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv.
108 ]√-h-ß-fn-embn {KŸ-Im-c≥ t_m[n-k-Xzs‚ Bdp [¿Ω-]q¿Æ- Xz-ß-tfbpw lrZ-b-kv]r-°mbn hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. AXm-bXv Znhy-amb (1) Zn\w (2) [m¿ΩnI kz`mhw (3) £a, (4) {i≤ (5) [ym\w (6) ⁄m\w.
PmX-I -I-Y-I-fpsS kz`mhw am{X-a√ Hcp alm-Im-hy-Øns‚ kz`mh hnti-j-߃ Cu IrXn-°p-≠v. CXnse 108-˛-m-asØ ]√hw Poaq-X-hm-l-\s‚
IY-bm-Wv. 91-˛mw ]√hw in_n kp`m-jn-Xm-]-Z\w BWv. AXv in_n N{I- h¿Øn-bpsS IY-bmWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. h≈-tØm-fns‚ Pohn-XsØ _p≤-Z¿i\w kzm[o-\n-®-Xns‚ H∂mw-Xcw sXfn-hmWv Cu ]cn-`m-j.
`mc-XobkwkvImc-Øns‚ A\-iz-c-ssN-X-\ysØ hfsc X∑-b-Xz-tØm- sS-bmWv Ihn Xs‚ Ihn-X-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. k¿Δ-kv]¿inbpw AKm- [-hp-am-bmWv _p≤-t\bpw _p≤s‚ [¿Ω-tØbpw Xs‚ Ihn-X-bn¬ ImWn-
®n-´p-≈-Xv. ]ucm-WnI `mcX-Øns\ Xs‚ Ihn-X-Iƒ°pw BZ¿i߃°p- ap≈ \nXy-l-cn-X-amb ]›m-Ø-e-am-bm-Wv Ihn I≠n-´p-≈-Xv. H∏w {io_p-
≤-t\m-Sp≈ Ahym-P-amb `‡nbpw IqSn-bm-Wv. tZiob ka-c-Øns‚ Bbp[w F∂ \nebv°p IqSn-bmWv Alnw-k-sbbpw {io_p-≤-t\bpw Ihn Cu Ihn- X-bn¬ hnj-b-am-°p-∂-Xv.
Imen-I-amb {]iv\-߃ Ihn-Xbv°p hnj-b-ambn amdp-Ibpw Imew Ign- bp-tºmƒ Ah-bpsS {]k‡n Ipd-bp-I-bpamWv ]Xn-hv. h≈-tØm-fns‚ tZio- b- I-hn-X-I-fn¬ ]e-Xn\pw C∂v B \ne-sh-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ {]k‡n \jvS- s∏-´-h-bmbn ImWmw. Imen-I-hn-j-b-߃ B Ime-L-´-Øn-ep≈ P\-Xbv°v sshIm-cn-I-amb DW¿Δp-≠m-°n-bn-cn-°pw. ]t£ Imew Ign-bp-∂-tXmsS Ah- bpsS {]k‡n \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw P\-߃°v Ah-bpsS t\¿°p≈ B`n- apJyw Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-amWv N{I-KmY, JmZn-h-k-\- ߃ ssIs°mƒhn-t\-h-cpw, \n߃X≥ t]m°p hn]-co-X-am-sIm√m F∂o Ihn-X-Iƒ. Ahbv°v C∂v bmsXmcp {]k-‡nbpw ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√.
Ch-bn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hn]-co-X-amb ImgvN-∏m-SmWv "\mw kzmX-{¥y- a-S-bmhq' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ kw`-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. tIhe-amb kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c- Im-e-sØ-b√ Cu Ihn-X-bn-eqsS hmbn-s®-Sp-°m-\m-hp-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-a-\- ns‚
kzmX-{¥y-sØ-°p-dn®p IqSn-bm-Wn-Xn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. BXy-¥n-I- ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ _p≤-t\bpw _p≤s‚ Z¿i-\-ß-tfbpw Ihn a\p- jy-hn-tam-N-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ ImgvN-∏m-tSmSp IqSn-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.
AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ Cu IhnX ]pXp-Im-eØpw {]k-‡-ambn \ne-sIm-
≈p∂p.
Ipam-c-\m-im≥ Xs‚ Nn¥-Ifpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ ImWp∂ ImgvN- I-fp-amWv Jfi-Im-hy-c-N-\-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-®-Xv. h≈-tØmƒ Xs‚ eLp- I-hn-X-I-fn-eqsS tZi-Im-e-ß-tfmSv kwh-Zn-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. h≈-tØm- fns‚ Ihn-X-Iƒ Xs‚ Np‰p-h-´-Øp-\n∂v Db¿∂v tZi-Im-e-߃°v A∏p-d- tØ°p IS-°m-\p≈ am\-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xmbn amdn. GsX-¶nepw Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚tbm {]tXyI {]tZ-i-Øns‚tbm Imcy-ß-f-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp- I-bmWv h≈-tØm-fns‚ Imhy-tem-I-Øv. CXv A\p-`-h-]-cmb Ne-\m-fl-I- X-bn¬ \n∂pw B¿÷n-®-XmWv. F∂m¬ F√m Ihn-X-Ifpw hen-b-tXm-Xn- ep≈ XXz-⁄m\ ]mcm-b-W-sam∂pw \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂-h-bp-a√. X\n°p t\cn-´-\p-`-h-s∏-´-hsb AX-\p-k-cn®v hne-bn-cp-Øp-I-bp-amWv At±lw A[n- Ihpw sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v H´pw \ncmi tXm∂mØXmWv At±-l-Øns‚ Ihn-X-Iƒ. tZio-b-X, kzmX{¥yka-cw, alm-flm-Km-‘n, PmXn, Zmcn{Zyw F∂n-hsb {]ta-b-am-°n-sIm-≠p≈ [mcmfw Ihn-X-Iƒ At±lw cNn-®p.
Irjn-°m-cpsS ]m´nse hcn-I-fn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv Ncm-N-c-ß-sfsb√mw kz¥w IpSpw-_-°m-sc∂ a´n¬ Icp-Xm\pw kvt\ln-°m\pw Ign-hp-≠m-°m-
\m-hp-∂-XmWv bYm¿∞ hnZym-`ymkw F∂m-Wv.
F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw ktlm-Z-c-ß-sf-∂Xv _p≤s‚ Z¿i-\-am-Wv. CXn- eqsS ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ F∂m¬ `mc-Xob kwkvImc-Øns‚ al-\o-bhpw kap-
∂-X-hp-amb Nn¥-Iƒ Dƒs°m≈p-∂-Xp-amWv h≈-tØm-fns‚ Ihn-X-Iƒ.
Ah-bn¬ AKm-[-amb kuμ-cy-t_m-[hpw cmPy-kvt\-lhpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂- h-bp-am-W-h. Cu Ihn-X-I-fn¬ Im¿jnI tIc-f-Øns‚ lrZ-bhpw H∏w kaq- l-Ønse Zmcn-{Zyhpw hnj-b-am-°p-∂p-≠v. `mjm-`n-am-\hpw Cu Ihn-bpsS Ihn-X-I-fn¬ Db¿∂p \n¬°p∂ H∂m-Wv. PmXn-t`-Zhpw aX-tZz-jhpw h®p- s]m-dp-∏n-°m≥ Xøm-d√ Cu Ihn. B Imhy-tem-I-Øn¬ {InkvXphpw IrjvW\pw _p≤\pw koXbpw cma\pw apl-ΩZv \_nbpw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p.
hnim-e-amb Hcp Im≥hm-kn¬ hc® Nn{X-am-W-t±-l-Øns‚ Imhy-tem-Iw.
3.3 D≈q¿ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-ø¿
ae-bmf kmlnXyw hfsc hep-Xmb Hcp ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-seØn \n¬°p- tºm-gmWv D≈q¿ kmlnXy temI-tØ°v hcp-∂Xv. alm-Im-hy-c-N\m k{º- Zm-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw amdn sNdp Ihn-X-I-fn-te°pw JWvU-Im-hy-ß-fn-tebv°pw Xß-fpsS cN\ k{º-Zmbw am‰m≥ XpSßnbncp∂p Ihn-Iƒ. Bim\pw hf- f-tØmfpw k©-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ B hgnbnte°p kmh-[m\w D≈qcpw {]th-in®p. 1929 embn-cp∂p D≈q-cns‚ {]Ya JWvU-Im-hy-amb I¿Æ-`q- jWw ]nd-∂-Xv.
\ntbm-¢m-knIv ssien-bn-em-bn-cp∂p D≈q-cns‚ Imhy-in-£-Ww.
Imev]-\n-I-X-bn-te°v ae-bmf Ihn-X-I-fpw am‰n Nhn-´m≥ XpS-ßnb Ime- ØmWv D≈q¿ IhnXmcN\ XpS-ßn-b-Xv. kwkvIrX ]mc-º-cy-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p D≈q¿. {]Xn-`bpw ]mWvUn-Xyhpw HØn-W-ßnb Hcp Ihn-bm-bn-cp∂p At±lw. Imhy-c-N-\-bnepw B KpWw ImWp-∂p. D÷ve hmIym¿∞-{]- tbm-K-߃ D≈q-cns‚ Imhy-c-N-\-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kwkvIrX Imhy cq]-ß-fn¬ Nºp-hn-t\mSv {]tXyIw X¬]-c-\m-bn-cp∂p D≈q¿. Nºp-
hn¬ Ae-¶mc {]tbm-K-ßfpw ]Z-{]-tbm-K-ssh-Nn-{X-ßfpw [mcmfw \S-Øm≥
kuI-cy-ap≈ cN\m k{º-Zm-b-am-Wv. D≈q-cn\v CXv \njv{]-bmkw km[n-®n- cp-∂p. cq]-Øn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p Ihn Nºp-hn-t\mSv kvt\lw ImWn-®-Xv.
CXn-hr-Ø-߃ XnI®pw `n∂-am-bn-cp∂p. a‰p Nºq-°m-c≥am-cn¬ \n∂pw amdn, CXn-lm-k-ßsf ]n≥ ]‰msX Ncn-{X-Øns‚ AKm-[-X-bn¬ \n∂pw apßn- sb-SpØ apØp-I-fmWv Xs‚ Imhy-c-N-\bv°v CXn-hr-Ø-ambn kzoI-cn-®-Xv.
kpPm-tXm-Zzmlw Nºp-hn¬ D≈q¿ CXv `wKn-bmbn \n¿Δ-ln-®Xp ImWmw.
"DamtIc-f'-Øns‚ cN-\-tbmsS D≈q¿ alm-I-hn-Xz-Øn-tebv°p Db-cp-∂p.
CXn-hrØ kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ Chn-sSbpw Ihn hgn amdp-∂p. thWm-Sns‚ Ncn- {X-Ønse Htc-Sm-Wn-Xn-se IYm-X-¥p.
ae-bmf IhnX Imev]-\n-I-X-bn¬ JWvU-Im-hy-ß-fp-ambn k©mcw XpS-ßn-b-Xn-\m¬ D≈qcpw JWvU-Imhy cN-\-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm≥ XpS-ßn.
ap≥Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp∂p CXn- hr-Ø-߃ kzoI-cn-®-Xv. Imev]-\nI JWvU-Im-hy-ßfn¬ CXn-hr-Ø-tØ-
°mƒ `mhm-fl-IX {]m[m\yw t\Sp-∂p. F∂m¬ alm-Im-hy-c-N-\-t]mse Xs∂, sNdnb Im≥hm-kn-sem-Xp°n∏d™ IY-bmbn amdn D≈q-cns‚
JWvU-Im-hy-߃. Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ JWvU-Im-hy-ß-fnse `mh-Xo-{h-X-tbm, h≈-tØm-fns‚ JWvU-Im-hy-ß-fpsS kw£n-]vtXm-÷z-e-amb cq] inev]tam D≈q-cns‚ JWvU-Imhy cN-\-bn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. ap≠-t»-cn-bpsS
`mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬, "AJ-WvU-amb PohnXw' Ah-bn¬ Is≠-∂p-h-cn-√.
kwL¿jm-fl-I-amb Hcp kμ¿`-h-X-cn-∏n®v [m¿Ωn-I-X-bpsS am\-Z-WvU- ߃sIm-≠-Xns\ hymJym-\n-°m≥ {ian-°p-I-bm-Wv D≈q-¿ sNøp-∂-Xv. "ckn-
∏n-°-e-√, ]Tn-∏n-°-emWv D≈q-cns‚ e£yw' F∂v Fkv Kp]vX≥\m-b¿, D≈q¿ IrXn-Iƒs°m-cm-ap-Jw F∂ teJ-\Øn¬ \nco-£n-°p-∂p≠v. _p≤- Z¿i-\-Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-I-temIw D≈q-cn-s\bpw kzm[o-\n-®p.
""\njvI¿Ω-X-bn¬\n∂v \c-Po-hn-XsØ {]Xyp-≤-cn®p I¿Ω-am¿§- Øn-eqsS Ncn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ al-Ømb Blzm-\-amWv D≈q¿°-hn-X.
\ΩpsS a\- ns\ AXv D∂-X-am-°p-∂p.'' 24
F∂mWv kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv D≈q-cns‚ Ihn-Xsb \nco-£n-°p-∂Xv.
Xs∂-bp-a√ D≈q-cns‚ XØz-imkv{Xw a\p-jy-`m-h-ß-sfbpw {]]-©-N-e-\- ß-sfbpw apgp-h≥ I¿Ω-\n-jvT-bp-sSbpw \nkvX-{μ-X-bp-sSbpw ]ucp-j-Øn- s‚bpw cq]m-¥-c-߃ am{X-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Bim-\n¬ AXv kvt\lsØ B{i-bn-®mWv {]tZym-Xn-°p-∂-sX∂pw Ago-t°mSv amjv hne- bn-cp-Øp-∂p.