RELATIONSHIP OF JOB INVOLVEMENT TO PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE, SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEE NEEDS
AND BACKGROUND FACTORS
KUL BHUSHAN MEHRA
DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
to the
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI
JULY, 19 8 4 .
C E R T I F I C A T E
This is to certify that the th e s i s e n t i t l e d , "RELATIONSHIP OF JOB INVOLVEMENT TO PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE, SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEE NEEDS AND BACKGROUND FACTORS" being submitted by M r . Kul Bhushan Mehra to the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Delhi for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ,.ib_a record of bonafide r e s e a r c h work carried out by him. M r . Kul Bhushan Mehra has worked under my guidance and su per vi sio n and has fulfi lle d the requirements for the s u b m is s io n of this t h e s i s , which to my kn o w le d g e, has reac he d the r e q u is it e standard.
The r e s u l t s contained in this th e s i s have not b e en submitted in part or in f u l l , to any other U n iv e rs ity or Ins ti tut e for the award of any degree or diploma.
(PURNIMA MATHUR) Supervisor
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S
I wish to e x p r e s s my s i n c e r e s e n s e o f gratitude to D r . ( M r s . ) Purnima Mathur, P r o f e s s o r & H e a d , Department o f Humcnities & S o c i a l S c i e n c e s , IIT D e lh i , for her inva lu abl e g u id an ce and keen i n t e r e s t in the present i n v e s t i g a t i o n - But for her co n s t an t support and e nc our ag em en t, this in v e st ig at i o n would hot have been p o s s i b l e .
My thanks are due to Dr. A . L . K . Ram, Department o f Humanities & S o c i a l S c i e n c e s , IIT Delhi/ who took personal
i n t e r e s t in my wprk* His s u g g e s t i o n s and i d e a s were very v a lu a b le for the pr e se n t in v e s t i g a t i o n .
' I e x p r e s s my h e a r t i e s t th?nks to Shri V . P . B h a t i a , Group G e ne r a l M a n a g e r , BHEL and Shri P . K . Guha T h a k u r t a , A,dditiohal d e n e r a l M a n a g e r , BHEL for thfeir encour ag eme nt and helpful
s u g g e s t i o n s , which en riched my thinking on the s u b j e c t o f p re se n t r e s e a r c h .
I a l s o thank management o f BHEL who had been very kind to provide me th e maximum f a c i l i t i e s for c o l l e c t i n g the d a t a . The e mp lo yee s who had be en the s u b j e c t s of this study a l s o d e s er v e my thanks for their c o o p e r a t io n .
I am very grateful to P r o f e s s o r R . K . M a t h u r , NCERT, New Delh i for his kind help and v a lu ab le s u g g e s t i o n s in s t a t i s t i c a l
My appreciation i s due to Data P r o c e s s i n g C e n t r e , Council for S o c i a l D e v e lo p m e n t, Delhi for th e ir kind cooperation ahd help during data p r o c e s s i n g .
_ I a l s o wish to e x p r e s s my s i n c e r e thanks to the authors and r e s e a r c h e r s whose contibutions have enriched my thinking in r e s p e c t o f j o b in v o l v e m e n t .
Si n cer e thanks ere due to my se n io r c o l l e a g u e s in BHEL, e s p e c i a l l y Shri S . R . Basu and Shri P . K . Gu pta,Senior M ana ger s for their encouragement and helpful s u g g e s t i o n s , which were very v a lu a b le for the pres en t i n v e s t i g a t i o n .
Appreciation i s due to my friends and c o l l e a g u e s e s p e c i a l l y M r . B a l b i r C h a n d , S e ni o r E n gi n ee r , BHEL. The encour ag eme nt,
a s s i s t a n c e and stimulation r e c e i v e d from M r . Ba lb ir Chend will be always remembered.
Last but not the l e a s t my important duty i s to thank my parents and wife who inspired me with th e ir kind words o f e n co u r a g e ment and a p p r e c ia t io n .
Onc e again I thank o n e and all mentioned and not mentioned who d ir e ct ly or i n d ir e c t ly have he lo ed me in presenting what is embodied in the p re sen t work.
NEW DELHI; KUL BHUSHAN MEHRA
Job invo lve me nt has Dean defined as the degree to which a person i s ident if ied p s y c h o l o g i c a l l y with his work: or the importance of work in his total ' s e l f - i m c - g e ' by Lo. dahi.l 6 Kejner (1965) . The jo b
involved person is thus c h a r a c t e r i z e d a s one for whom the work i s an important part of his l i f e . He is co nc e r ne d very much with his work and committed to i t . He has a deep s e n s e o f duty and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y in his wo rk . With this c o n c e p t , the p re s e n t study in the c o n t e x t of M a s low's
(1954) need c a t e g o r i e s and their h i e r a r c h y , is de sig ne d to explore the r e la tio ns hi p o f jo o involvement with re sp on d e n t' s background, pe r ce iv e d importance o f n e e d s , need s a t i s f a c t i o n and need stren gth v a r i a b l e s .
Data were c o l l e c t e d from a sample of 150 resp on de nts belonging to two different d iv is io ns of a lar ge s c a l e p u bl ic s e c t o r organ izatio n
l o c a t e d in D e l h i . The data were p r o c e s s e d using various u n i - v a r i a t e , b i - v a r i a t e and m u lt i- v a ri a t e s t a t i s t i c a l t e c h n i q u e s .
R e s u lt s r e ve a le d that among the brckground f a c t o r s , s e x , marital s t a t u s , monthly in c om e, number o f d e p e n d e n t s , o r ga n iz a tio na l le vel and length o f s e r v i c e have s i g n i f i c a n t correlation with the l e v e l of j o b i n v o lv e m e n t . It was o bs erv ed that the respondents in their co gn iti ve eva lua tion c o n s id e r s e l f - a c t u a l i z a t i o n on the j o b to be important and s a f e t y and p h y s i o l o g i c a l need s a t i s f a c t i o n to be l e a s t important. The re sponde nts a l s o e x h i b i t a st ronger d e si r e for s e l f - a c t u l i z a t i o n need s a t i s f a c t i o n along»
t i d e p h y s i o l o g i c a l need s a t i s f a c t i o n . Furthermore, th eir o v e r a ll j o b
s a t i s f a c t i o n is more strongly re la te d to higher order need s a t i s f a c t i o n than to lower order need s a t i s f a c t i o n . Both the high and low involved employees did not differ with r e s p e c t to their need s a t i s f a c t i o n s and need s t re n g t h s , but did a t t a c h d if fe ren tia l importance to jo b fact ors representing higher and lower order needs .
The findings o f this i n v e s t i g a t i o n , i f e s t a b l i s h e d with support o f larg er and longitudinal s t u d i e s , could be of c o n s i d e r a b l e help to
industria' o r g a n i z a t i o n s .
Su g g e s t io n s have be en made for further r e s e a r c h .
C O N T E N T S
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOTHESES
III THEORETICAL ORIENTATION
IV METHODOLOGY
V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
PART-I (A) Job involvement and background v a r i a b l e s .
(B) D i f f e r e n c e between respondents in r e la ti o n to their degree of j o b - i n v o l v e m e n t .
PART-II (A) J o b - i n v o l v e m e n t and perceived importance of needs .
(B) Job involvement and need s a t i s f a c t i o n e x p e r ie n c e d on the j o b .
(C) Job involvement ana need
strength e x p e r i e n c e d on the jo b PART-III E f f i c i e n c y of p e r c e iv e d iaiportance of
n e e d s , need s a d s f a c t i o n , need strength and background v a ri a b le s in predicting jo b in v o lv e m e n t ,
VI SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
REFERENCES
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