CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVINATION
MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK OF HARYANA STATE
2020-2021
North Western Region Chandigarh
October, 2021
CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVINATION
MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI GOVERNMENT OF INDIA GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK OF
HARYANA STATE 2020-2021
Principal Contributors GROUND WATER DYNAMICS: Amandeep Kaur
Scientist- ‘B’ (Junior Hydrogeologist) HYDROMETROLOGY Aditya Sharma
Assistant Hydrometrologist GROUND WATER QUALITY: Dhan Prakash, Sc B
Kiren Lale, STA (Chemist) REPORT EDITING &
MODIFICATION
S.K. Mohiddin
Senior Hydrogeologist
North Western Region
Chandigarh
October, 2021
GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK HARYANA STATE
2020-2021 CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-2
1.1 Physiography
1.2 Geohydrological Conditions 1.3 Rivers of Haryana
2.0 HYDROMETEOROLOGY 3-26
3.0 HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETUP 27-29
4.0 GROUND WATER REGIME MONITORING 30-33
5.0 BEHAVIOUR OF GROUND WATER LEVEL 34
5.1 Depth to Water Level 34
5.1.1 June 2020 34
5.1.2 August 2020 37
5.1.3 October 2020 39
5.1.4 January 2021 41
5.2 Seasonal Water Level Fluctuations 43
5.2.1 January 2020-June 2020 43
5.2.2 June 2020- August 2020 45
5.2.3 June 2020- October 2020 47
5.2.4 June 2020- January 2021 49
5.3 Annual Water Level Fluctuations 50
5.3.1 June 2019-June 2020 50
5.3.2 August 2019- August 2020 53
5.3.3 October 2019- October 2020 55
5.3.4 January 2020- January 2021 57
5.4 Water Level Fluctuations from the Decadal Mean 59
5.4.1 June (2010-2019) – June 2020 59
5.4.2 August (2010-2019) – August 2020 61
5.4.3 October (2010-2019) – October 2020 63
5.4.4 January (2010-2019) – January 2021 65
6.0 GROUND WATER QUALITY IN HARYANA- June 2020 67
6.1 Sampling and Analysis 67
6.2 Composition of Water 69
6.3 Distribution of Electrical Conductance 73
6.4 Distribution of Chloride 75
6.5 Distribution of Nitrate 77
6.6 Distribution of Fluoride 80
6.7 Types of Waters 83
6.8 Suitability for Drinking 83
6.9 Suitability for Irrigation 86
6.10 Suitability for Industries 88
6.11 Temporal Variation 88
6.12 Conclusions on Ground Water Quality 90
FIGURES
Depth to Water Level Maps 1. June 2020
2. August 2020 3. October 2020 4. January 2021
Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation Maps 5. Jan 2020- June 2020
6. June 2020- August 2020 7. June 2020- October 2020 8. June 2020 – January 2021 Annual Water Level Fluctuation Maps 9. June 2019– June 2020
10. August 2019– August 2020 11. October 2019– October 2020 12. January 2020– January 2021
Decadal Mean Water Level Fluctuation Maps
13. Decadal Mean June (2010:2019) -June 2020
14. Decadal Mean August (2010:2019) –August 2020
15. Decadal Mean October (2010:2019) –October 2020
16. Decadal Mean January (2011:2020) -January 2021 Chemical Quality of Ground Water June 2020
17. Distribution of Electrical Conductance in ground water 18. Distribution of Chlorides in shallow ground water 19. Distribution of Nitrates in shallow ground water 20. Distribution of Fluorides in shallow ground water TABLES
1. Generalized Stratigraphy of Haryana State (after GSI, 2012) 2. District wise ground water observation wells in Haryana State.
3. Density of ground water observation wells in Haryana State.
4. Range of depth to water levels in June 2020, August 2020, October 2020 and January 2021 in Haryana State.
5. District wise distribution of chemical quality of ground waters District wise distribution of ground waters in different classes of drinking water suitability.
6. District wise irrigation rating of ground waters
7. Periodic variations in suitability classes of ground waters ANNEXURES
I. Depth to Water Levels in Haryana State.
II. Seasonal Water Level Fluctuations in Haryana State.
III. Annual Water Level Fluctuations in Haryana State.
IV. Water Level Fluctuations from the Decadal Mean in Haryana State.
V. Results of Chemical Analysis of Ground Water Samples (June 2019).
PLATES
1. Locations of National Hydrograph Observation Stations
2. Density of ground water observation wells in Haryana State
GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK HARYANA STATE
2020 – 2021
1 INTRODUCTION
The State of Haryana is in North India with its capital at Chandigarh a landlocked state in northern India. The Haryana State is located between between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude covering an area of 44,212 sq. km.
The state is sub-divided into nine physiographic units and is drained by two major rivers Ghaggar and Yamuna. It was carved out of the former state of Punjab on 1 October 1966 on the basis of language distribution. The name Haryana is found in the works of the 12th century AD Apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189–1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north and by Rajasthan to the west and south.
The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh. Haryana surrounds the country's capital Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of south Haryana is included in the National Capital Region for purposes of planning for development.
The state was home to prominent sites of the Indus Valley and Vedic Civilizations.
Several decisive battles were also fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra mentioned in Hindu mythology (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Lord Krishna), Banganga or the Bhishma Kund, a legend attached to this water tank says that, when Bhishma lay on his bed of arrows, he felt thirsty and asked for water. To fulfill his desire, Arjuna immediately shot an arrow into the ground and let loose a stream of gushing water. This is how the BhishmaKund is believed to come into existence and the three battles of Panipat. Haryana was administered as part of the Punjab province of British India, and was carved out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in 1966. Haryana is now a leading contributor to the country's production of food grains and milk. Agriculture is the leading occupation for residents of the state with the flat arable land irrigated by submersible pumps and an extensive canal system. There are four irrigation systems in the state namely
1. Western Yamuna canal, 2. Bhakra canal,
3. Agra canal and
4. Ghaggar canal
Haryana contributed heavily to the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s.
1.1 Physiography
The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600 ft (200 meters to 1200 meters) above sea level. An area of 1,553 km
2is covered by forest. Haryana has four main geographical features.
The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state
The Shivalik Hills to the northeast
Semi-desert sandy plain to the southwest
The Aravalli Range in the south
1.2 Geohydrological Conditions
On the basis of Geohydrological conditions as well as groundwater movement and surface drainage pattern, the entire state is divided into the following basins:-
1. Yamuna basin; (a) Upper, (b) Lower 2. Ghaggar Basin; (a) Upper, (b) Lower 3. Inland Alluvial Basin (Chautang and others) 4. Krishnawati Basin
5. Sahibi Basin
6. Landoha Nala Basin
7. Kanti Sub Basin (Loharu Satnali area)
Ground water occurs both under confined and unconfined conditions in the alluvial formation whereas it is mostly under un-confined conditions in Siwaliks and piedmont deposits and semi-confined conditions in hard rocks.
1.3 Rivers of Haryana
The Yamuna flows along the state's eastern boundary while the ancient Sarasvati River is
said to have flowed from Yamuna Nagar, but has now disappeared. Haryana's main
seasonal river, the Ghaggar rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and
the Sutlej and enters the state near Pinjore in the Panchkula district. Passing
through Ambala and Hissar, it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs for 460 km before
disappearing into the deserts of Rajasthan. Important tributaries include
the Chautang and Tangri. The seasonal Markanda River is a stream, which in ancient
times was known as the Aruna. It originates from the lower Siwaliks Hills and enters
Haryana west of Ambala. During monsoons, this stream swells into a raging torrent
notorious for its devastating power. The surplus water is carried on to the Sanisar Lake
where the Markanda joins the Sarasvati and later the Ghaggar. Shahbad Markanda town is situated on its bank. Mentioned in the epic Shatapatha Brahmana as the Drishadwati, the Sahibi River originates in the Jaipur district in Rajasthan. However, before seismic activities some 7,500 years ago in the Aravalli Hills, the river brought water from as far as the Ajmer district. Gathering volume from about a hundred tributaries in Rajasthan and the Mewat areas, it reaches voluminous proportions, forming a broad stream around Alwar and Patan. Further flowing via Rewari District and Dharuhera, it reaches Jhajjar then splits into two smaller streams, finally reaching the outskirts of Delhi and flowing into the Najafgarh Lake that flows into the Yamuna through the Najafgarh drain.
Recently hardly any water flows in Sahibi as most of the water is impounded in small check dams upstream in the Alwar district of Rajasthan and the Masani barrage in Rewari district, built on this river on NH 8 (Delhi-Jaipur highway). Three other rivulets in and around the Mewat hills, the Indori, Dohan and Kasavati all flow from East to West.
2.0 HYDROMETEOROLOGY:
2.1 CLIMATE:
The Climate of the Haryana State is subtropical, semi-arid to sub-humid, continental and monsoon type. The average rainfall varies from less than 300 mm in south-western parts to over 1000 mm in the hilly tracks of Shivalik hills.
Entire Haryana State experiences four seasons in the year namely cold season from November to March, hot season from April to June, southwest monsoon season from last week of June to mid of September and post monsoon season from September to beginning of November. During cold weather season, seasons of western disturbances affect the climate of the state and bring rainfall of light intensity.
2.2 TEMPERATURE:
Most of the year, the climate of the state is of a pronounced continental
character, very hot in summer and markedly cold in winter. In between are the pleasant
months of spring. Haryana is extremely hot in summer at around 45 °C and mild in
winter. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest are December and
January.
The hot weather season commences in the month of March and continues through April to June. In the month of May the diurnal range of temperature increases more and the day become hotter. During June the mean maximum temperature reaches as high as 45 °C. January is the coldest month. The normal minimum temperature ranges from 3°C to 9°C. Temperature dips to freezing point during the month of December/January.
2.3 HUMIDITY:
The air over the entire state is dry during the greater part of the year. Humidity is high in the monsoon months. April and May are the driest months with relative humidity of about 30% in the morning and less than 20% in the afternoons.
2.4 WINDS:
Winds are generally light during the post monsoon and winter months. They strengthen during the summer and monsoon months. Except during the monsoon months, winds are predominantly from a westerly or northwesterly direction and tend to be more northerly in the afternoon. Easterly and southeasterly winds are more common in the monsoon months.
2.5 RAINFALL:
There are two seasons of rainfall in the state. The south-west monsoon season, the principal source of ground water sets in last week of June and withdraws towards end of September and contributes about 80% of annual average rainfall. Another period of rainfall is winter rain from December to March is about 20% of total rainfall which is mostly absorbed into the soil. More than 50% of the annual rainfall received in the four rainy months for June to September, only there by leading to large variations on temporal scale. Rainfall is highly variable in time and space. The Normal Rainfall for the State of Haryana is 614 mm, but it has great spatial variations. Rainfall Normals computed using rainfall records of 50 years (1951-2000) as per IMD. The statistics is provided on 4 seasons i.e. Winter (Jan-Feb), Pre-Monsoon (Mar-May), Southwest (SW) Monsoon (Jun-Sep) and Post-Monsoon (Oct-Dec), and on annual basis.
SEASONAL & ANNUAL RAINFALL ANALYSIS:
Normal Rainfall for the State of Haryana is 614 mm. Entire Haryana State received Actual Annual Rainfall of 400 mm in 2019 and 480 mm in 2020.
In SW monsoon season, the normal rainfall of entire State is 511 mm (84% of normal annual rainfall).
In 2019, during SW monsoon season, State received mostly Rainfall 289 mm (72% of annual R/f in 2019) and in 2020 during SW monsoon season, state received 316 mm rainfall (66% of annual R/f in 2020).
During 2020, it is observed that in winter season there is normal rainfall observed and (- 1%) departure observed from normal r/f and in Pre Monsoon season Excess Rainfall measured, which is (223%) more than normal and during SW-Mon deficient rainfall (- 38%) and during Post Monsoon Large Deficient rainfall (-63%) observed.
During 2019, it is observed that in winter season & Pre Monsoon there is normal rainfall observed and (7%) & (7%) departure observed from normal r/f and in Pre Monsoon season deficient rainfall measured, which is (-43%) less than normal and during SW- Monsoon normal rainfall (8%) observed.
On comparing with Normal rainfall of entire Haryana State, it may be seen that, there was (-35%) departure observed in 2019 rainfall and (-22%) departure observed in 2020 rainfall.
Table 2.1: Seasonal and Annual Rainfall - Haryana State (in mm):- RAINFALL
SEASON
NORMAL R/F (mm)
ACTUAL RF (mm) - 2019
ACTUAL RF (mm) - 2020
%
DEPARTURE 2019
%
DEPARTURE 2020
WINTER 35.94 38.28 35.49 7% -1%
PRE-
MONSOON
36.00 38.49 116.26 7% 223%
SW
MONSOON
511.00 289.18 316.57 -43% -38%
POST- MONSOON
31.61 34.06 11.80 8% -63%
ANNUAL 614.55 400.01 480.12 -35% -22%
Fig
2.1: Seasonal Rainfall 2019 & 2020 and its departure from Normal Rainfall
Fig
2.2: Percentage Deviation in Seasonal rainfall (2019 & 2020):
2.5.2 MONTHLY RAINFALL ANALYSIS:
On observing month wise rainfall for Haryana State, it is concluded that during 2020, Large Deficient rainfall observed during the months of October (-100%), September (-73%) & December (-61%) and Deficient rainfall observed during February (-54%), July (-46%) & August (-23%) and normal rainfall observed during April (17%) &
June (-4%) and Excess rainfall observed in January (43%) and Large Excess rainfall observed during March (420%), May (145%) & November (66%).
Table 2.2: Actual Monthly Rainfall 2019 & 2020 and its departure from Normal Rainfall (Haryana State):
MONTH NORMAL
RAINFALL (mm)
ACTUAL MONTHLY RAINFALL 2020 (mm)
ACTUAL MONTHLY RAINFALL 2019 (mm)
PERCENTAGE DEPARTURE OF MONTHLY RAINFALL 2019
PERCENTAGE DEPARTURE OF MONTHLY RAINFALL 2020
JANUARY 19.49 27.85 17.49 -10 % 43 %
FEBRUARY 16.46 7.64 20.79 26 % -54 %
MARCH 13.74 71.45 8.24 -40 % 420 %
APRIL 7.62 8.91 12.51 64 % 17 %
MAY 14.64 35.9 17.74 21 % 145 %
JUNE 51.01 49.16 19.98 -61 % -4 %
JULY 180.36 96.81 146.23 -19 % -46 %
AUGUST 190.91 146.94 96.89 -49 % -23 %
SEPTEMBER 88.72 23.66 26.08 -71 % -73 %
OCTOBER 18.43 0 7.33 -60 % -100 %
NOVEMBER 5.27 8.73 14.38 173 % 66 %
DECEMBER 7.91 3.07 12.35 56 % -61 %
ANNUAL RAINFALL
614.56 480.12 400.01 -35 % -22 %
2.5.3 BEHAVIOUR OF SOUTHWEST MONSOON:
The rainfall statistics for the South West Monsoon Season is given in Table 2.3
and graphically represented in figure (c). Percentage departure in observed rainfall
from their normal rainfall has been depicted in Figure 2.3. For the SW Monsoon season
2019 & 2020, entire Haryana State received deficient rainfall (-43%) departure from
Normal in 2019 and (-38%) departure from normal in 2020.
Table 2.3: South West Monsoon Rainfall & its deviation from normal:
South West Monsoon Rainfall & its deviation from normal Month Normal
R/F
Observed Rainfall - 2019
Observed Rainfall - 2020
%
Departure 2019
%
Departure 2020
JUNE 51.01 19.98 49.16 -61% -4%
JULY 180.36 146.23 96.81 -19% -46%
AUGUST 190.91 96.89 146.94 -49% -23%
SEPTEMBER 88.72 26.08 23.66 -71% -73%
SW MON 511.00 289.18 316.57 -43% -38%
Fig
2.3: Observed & Normal SW - Monsoon Rainfall (Haryana State)- 2019 & 2020
Fig
2.4: Percentage departure in SW Mon Rainfall (Haryana State) -2019 & 2020:
Table 2.4: District-wise and Month-wise Normal Rainfall:- Haryana State ( in mm)
S. N DISTRICT JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL 1 AMBALA 38.9 31.6 25.3 7.7 20.5 105.2 307.8 326 177.6 34.4 8.8 20.9 1104.7 2 BHIWANI & Charki Dadri 14.6 10.4 8.1 5.5 11.2 32.3 128.2 132 56 13.4 4.2 3.6 419.5 3 FARIDABAD 16.5 12.3 10.4 10.7 16.1 42.2 201.6 234.7 121.7 18.7 6 6.7 697.6 4 FATEHABAD 16.7 11 11.2 6.8 14.9 31.3 104.3 95.9 51.5 12.4 3.6 5 364.6 5 GURGAON 10.2 11.7 7 6.4 13.9 38 169 185.2 80.1 12.7 5.5 4.3 544 6 HISAR 11 12.2 9.7 7.4 14.5 35.1 118.8 113.8 57.4 13 4.5 4 401.4 7 JHAJJAR 12.4 12.5 9.7 7.5 10.6 34.4 159.3 151.2 72.4 11 3.4 4.6 489 8 JIND 16.4 18.7 12.4 5.4 14.9 40.7 142.3 147 85.6 15.8 5.1 4.8 509.1 9 KAITHAL 17.7 15.2 12.5 5.6 8.5 42.2 128.3 140.1 73.4 14.2 3.9 4.9 466.5 10 KARNAL 30.3 21.4 19.4 8.9 13.1 60.3 197.8 224.3 94.6 26.2 5.9 12.2 714.4 11 KURUKSHETRA 28.7 19.4 21.5 9.8 10.2 66.3 202.3 203.3 91.1 23.5 5.2 10.1 691.4 12 MAHENDRAGARH 11.8 10.9 9.4 5.3 18.9 43.5 154.3 144.4 53.2 14.1 3.5 6.9 476.2 13 MEWAT 9.4 9.6 6.3 5.2 9.8 41.3 167.2 194 99.3 20.7 4.1 5.1 572 14 PALWAL 9.1 7.9 5.9 4.3 7.7 28.1 160.4 171.8 86.6 20 3.1 3.2 508.1 15 PANCHKULA 43.6 37.4 27.8 11.5 27.9 105.6 327 346.6 171.2 18.7 12.2 18.7 1148.2 16 PANIPAT 20.6 15.8 12.6 9.5 9.9 55.1 176.2 203.9 86.5 21.8 4.7 7.5 624.1 17 REWARI 9.1 8.7 5.2 3 9.9 33.1 150.1 183.5 69.1 13.2 3.5 3.8 492.2
18 ROHTAK 19.3 16.8 17.7 9.3 19.8 49.5 194.1 195.8 68.6 13.4 5.8 7.9 618 19 SIRSA 11 11.6 10.1 5.5 12.1 23 99.8 81.7 37.6 13.4 4.9 2.8 313.5 20 SONEPAT 19.4 15.6 14.4 9.6 16.7 46.2 194.4 208.5 85.2 20.4 5.9 7.9 644.2 21 YAMUNANAGAR 42.5 34.9 31.9 15.1 26.4 117.8 304.4 325.4 144.5 36 6.8 21.3 1107
2.5.4 District-wise Seasonal and Annual Actual Rainfall and its percentage departure from normal rainfall:
Table 2.5: District-wise Seasonal and Annual Actual Rainfall (mm) - Year 2020 S.
N
DISTRICT WINTER PRE-
MONSOON SW
MONSOON
POST- MONSOON
ANNUAL RAINFALL 1 AMBALA 67.8 169.93 583.11 32.51 853.35 2 BHIWANI & Charki
Dadri
9.77 83.12 127.04 1.77 221.70
3 FARIDABAD 20.97 94.94 233.79 2.81 352.51 4 FATEHABAD 27.54 77.63 203.67 3.2 312.04 5 GURUGRAM 24.57 101.08 421.57 1.98 549.20
6 HISAR 17.81 85.98 154.26 9.1 267.15
7 JHAJJAR 19.1 81.6 332.71 1.38 434.79
8 JIND 34.12 120.53 297.51 15.29 467.45
9 KAITHAL 49.86 138.73 409.25 20.58 618.42 10 KARNAL 74.68 161.4 578.5 28.86 843.44 11 KURUKSHETRA 69.46 146.4 543.34 36.71 795.91 12 MAHENDRAGARH 5.87 100.82 247.35 0.2 354.24
13 MEWAT 14.31 116.97 349 4.6 484.88
14 PALWAL 19.06 124.69 259.04 5.44 408.23 15 PANCHKULA 107.31 221.39 547.62 36.23 912.55 16 PANIPAT 51.71 121.22 327.47 6.77 507.17 17 REWARI 18.23 121.95 344.81 0.88 485.87 18 ROHTAK 24.37 141.9 280.59 2.19 449.05
19 SIRSA 30.11 90.83 229.7 10.85 361.49
20 SONIPAT 37.53 146.26 297.74 3.74 485.27 21 YAMUNA
NAGAR
107.42 160.58 603.82 42.2 914.02
Table
2.6: District-Wise Percentage Departures in Seasonal and Annual Rainfall – (Year 2020)
S. N DISTRICT WINTER PRE - MONSOON
SW -
MONSOON
POST- MONSOON
ANNUAL
1 AMBALA -4% 218% -36% -49% -23%
2 BHIWANI &
Charki Dadri
-61% 235% -64% -92% -47%
3 FARIDABAD -27% 155% -61% -91% -49%
4 FATEHABAD -1% 136% -28% -85% -14%
5 GURUGRAM 12% 270% -11% -91% 1%
6 HISAR -23% 172% -53% -58% -33%
7 JHAJJAR -23% 194% -20% -93% -11%
8 JIND -3% 269% -28% -41% -8%
9 KAITHAL 52% 422% 7% -11% 33%
10 KARNAL 44% 290% 0% -35% 18%
11 KURUKSHETRA 44% 253% -3% -5% 15%
12 MAHENDRAGAR H
-74% 200% -37% -99% -26%
13 MEWAT -25% 449% -30% -85% -15%
14 PALWAL 12% 597% -42% -79% -20%
15 PANCHKULA 32% 229% -42% -27% -21%
16 PANIPAT 42% 279% -37% -80% -19%
17 REWARI 2% 574% -21% -96% -1%
18 ROHTAK -32% 203% -45% -92% -27%
19 SIRSA 33% 228% -5% -49% 15%
20 SONIPAT 7% 259% -44% -89% -25%
21 YAMUNA NAGAR
39% 119% -32% -34% -17%
Table 2.7: District-wise Seasonal and Annual Actual Rainfall (mm) - Year 2019 S. N DISTRICT WINTER PRE-
MONSOON
SW MONSOON
POST MONSOON
ANNUAL RAINFALL
1 AMBALA 79.23 72.56 595.59 42.84 790.22
2 BHIWANI & Charki
Dadri 21.07 36.63 183.92 31.5 273.12
3 FARIDABAD 61.61 43.66 291.44 33.44 430.15
4 FATEHABAD 21.02 18.92 130.47 25.14 195.55
5 GURUGRAM 43.13 41.53 337.62 41.85 464.13
6 HISAR 23.49 39.97 160.87 20.31 244.64
7 JHAJJAR 32.97 28.26 234.07 31.96 327.26
8 JIND 35.12 27.37 208.06 29.14 299.69
9 KAITHAL 60.23 49.79 278.5 34.11 422.63
10 KARNAL 45.87 28.46 379.35 36.95 490.63
11 KURUKSHETRA 47.38 38.06 361.49 37.5 484.43 12 MAHENDRAGARH 14.07 22.57 255.34 26.72 318.7
13 MEWAT 23.53 31.06 314.83 25.03 394.45
14 PALWAL 27.56 30.19 254.82 18.63 331.2
15 PANCHKULA 129.96 122.81 881.82 80.18 1214.77
16 PANIPAT 35.25 16.26 220.42 36.89 308.82
17 REWARI 21.86 25.95 341.65 30.58 420.04
18 ROHTAK 23.56 35.82 224.74 48.22 332.34
19 SIRSA 27.18 48.81 198.17 33.17 307.33
20 SONIPAT 43.35 23.75 249.92 46.88 363.9
21 YAMUNA
NAGAR
108.78 72.61 881.83 53.77 1116.99
Table
2.8: District-wise Percentage Departures of seasonal and annual rainfall – (Year – 2019)
S. N DISTRICTS WINTER PRE MONSOON
SW MONSOON
POST
MONSOON ANNUAL
1 AMBALA 12% 36% -35% -33% -28%
2 BHIWANI -16% 48% -47% 49% -35%
3 FARIDABAD 114% 17% -51% 6% -38%
4 FATEHABAD -24% -42% -54% 20% -46%
5 GURUGRAM 97% 52% -29% 86% -15%
6 HISAR 1% 26% -51% -6% -39%
7 JHAJJAR 32% 2% -44% 68% -33%
8 JIND 0% -16% -50% 13% -41%
9 KAITHAL 83% 87% -27% 48% -9%
10 KARNAL -11% -31% -34% -17% -31%
11 KURUKSHETRA -1% -8% -36% -3% -30%
12 MAHENDRAGARH -38% -33% -35% 9% -33%
13 MEWAT 24% 46% -37% -16% -31%
14 PALWAL 62% 69% -43% -29% -35%
15 PANCHKULA 60% 83% -7% 62% 6%
16 PANIPAT -3% -49% -58% 9% -51%
17 REWARI 23% 43% -22% 49% -15%
18 ROHTAK -35% -23% -56% 78% -46%
19 SIRSA 20% 76% -18% 57% -2%
20 SONIPAT 24% -42% -53% 37% -44%
21
YAMUNA NAGAR
41% -1% -1% -16% 1%
2.5.6 DEVIATION IN ACTUAL ANNUAL RAINFALL 2020 FROM 2019 :
Deviation in Actual Annual Rainfall from Normal Rainfall for the States of Haryana w.r.t India represents that there is normal rainfall observed in India during 2019 & 2020 and in Haryana State deficient rainfall (-35%) deviation observed in 2019 & (-22%) deviation observed in 2020. Deviation is shown in table 2.9 given below.
Table-
2.9: Deviation in 2020 Actual Annual Rainfall from 2019 R/F & Normal R/F
INDIA HARYANA
YEAR NORMAL RAINFALL
(mm)
ACTUAL RAINFALL (mm)
DEVIATI ON FROM NORMAL
NORMAL RAINFALL
(mm)
ACTUAL RAINFALL
(mm)
DEVIATION FROM NORMAL
2019 1220 1261
3%
(Normal) 614 400
-35%
(Deficient)
2020 1220 1181
-3%
(Normal) 614 480
-22%
(Deficient)
2.5.7 DISTRICTWISE RAINFALL ANALYSIS OF HARYANA STATE :
It is observed that during 2019, Annual highest rainfall of 1215 mm was received in Panchkula District of Haryana State and the lowest rainfall of 196 mm was received at Fatehabad District.
In 2020, Annual highest rainfall of 914 mm was received in Yamunanagar District of Haryana State and the lowest rainfall of 222 mm was received at Bhiwani District.
The lowest rainfall of (-49%) less than their corresponding normals of IMD are
recorded at Faridabad and the highest rainfall of (33%) more than the IMD
annual normal is received at Kaithal district during 2020.
The Actual annual rainfall of 2020, when compared to normal rainfall then it is observed that in 2020 actual annual rainfall of 09 nos. of districts namely Ambala (-23%), Bhiwani (-47%), Faridabad (-49%), Hissar (-33%), Mahendragarh (-26%), Palwal (-20%), Panchkula (-21%), Rohtak (-27%) &
Sonipat (-25%) deficient rainfall observed.
The Actual annual rainfall of 2020, when compared to normal rainfall, then it is observed that in 11 nos. of districts normal rainfall observed namely Fatehabad (-14%), Gurugram (1%), Jhajjar (-11%), Jind (-8%), Karnal (18%), Kurukshetra(15%), Mewat (-15%), Panipat (-19%), Rewari (-1%), Sirsa (15%) &
Yamunanagar (-17%) and only in one Kaithal district excess rainfall (33%) observed.
The annual rainfall of 2020 when analyzed and compared to the rainfall of 2019, it is observed that out of all districts Karnal district is showing maximum rise of rainfall which is 72 % more than the rainfall of last year 2019.
The annual rainfall of 2020 compared to the rainfall of 2019, it is observed that out of all districts maximum fall in rainfall observed at Panchkula district which is (-25%) less than the rainfall of last year 2019 and the fall in rainfall in remaining districts shows in Bhiwani (-19%), Faridabad (-18%), Yamunanagar (-18%).
Similarly the actual annual rainfall of 2020 compared to the rainfall of 2019, it is observed that out of all districts maximum rise in rainfall observed at Karnal district which is (72%) more than the rainfall of 2019 and the rise in remaining districts shows in Kurukshetra (64%), Fatehabad (60%), Jind (56%), Panipat (64%), Kaithal (46%), Rohtak (35%), Jhajjar (33%), Sonipat (33%), Palwal (23%), Mewat (23%), Sirsa (18%), Gurugram (18%), Rewari (16%), Mahendragarh (11%), Hissar (9%) & Ambala (8%).
District wise Actual Annual rainfall of 2019 & 2020 and its deviation from normal
rainfall is analyzed and the deviation in 2020 rainfall from 2019 annual rainfall
and from normal Rainfall is given in table 2.10 given below and Isohyetal Map,
rainfall pattern maps 2019 & 2020, comparison map between 2019 & 2020 and
their corresponding graphs are given below as fig 2.5, fig 2.6, fig 2.7, fig2.8 & fig
2.9.
Table
2.10: Deviation of 2020 Rainfall from 2019 Annual Rainfall and from Normal Rainfall:
S.
N District
Actual Rainfall
(mm) - 2020
Actual Rainfall (mm) - 2019
(%) Deviatio n From
2019
Normal Rainfall
(mm)
(%) Deviation
From Normal
Remarks
1 AMBALA 853.35 790.22 8 1104.7 -23% Deficient 2 BHIWANI 221.7 273.12 -19 419.5 -47% Deficient 3 FARIDABAD 352.51 430.15 -18 697.6 -49% Deficient 4 FATEHABAD 312.04 195.55 60 364.6 -14% Normal
5 GURUGRAM 549.2 464.13 18 544 1% Normal
6 HISAR 267.15 244.64 9 401.4 -33% Deficient
7 JHAJJAR 434.79 327.26 33 489 -11% Normal
8 JIND 467.45 299.69 56 509.1 -8% Normal
9 KAITHAL 618.42 422.63 46 466.5 33% Excess
10 KARNAL 843.44 490.63 72 714.4 18% Normal
11 KURUKSHETR
A 795.91 484.43 64 691.4 15% Normal
12 MAHENDRAGA
RH 354.24 318.7 11 476.2 -26% Deficient
13 MEWAT 484.88 394.45 23 572 -15% Normal
14 PALWAL 408.23 331.2 23 508.1 -20% Deficient
15 PANCHKULA 912.55 1214.77 -25 1148.2 -21% Deficient
16 PANIPAT 507.17 308.82 64 624.1 -19% Normal
17 REWARI 485.87 420.04 16 492.2 -1% Normal
18 ROHTAK 449.05 332.34 35 618 -27% Deficient
19 SIRSA 361.49 307.33 18 313.5 15% Normal
20 SONIPAT 485.27 363.9 33 644.2 -25% Deficient 21 YAMUNA
NAGAR 914.02 1116.99 -18 1107 -17% Normal
Fig 2.6: Deviation in Actual Annual Rainfall of Haryana State (2019 V/S 2020)
Fig 2.7: Percentage Deviation in 2020 Rainfall from 2019 :- Haryana State
Fig 2.8: Deviation in 2020 Rainfall from Normal Rainfall of Haryana state:
Fig 2.9: Isohyetal Normal Rainfall Map of Haryana State:
Fig 2.10: Actual Annual Rainfall Map of Haryana State – 2019
Fig 2.11: Actual Annual Rainfall Map of Haryana State – 2020
2.6 DECADAL FLUCTUATION IN ANNUAL AND SOUTH WEST MONSOON RAINFALL FROM 2000 TO 2020 & ITS DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL:
Changes in rainfall behaviour since last one decade are determined using decadal data. Rainfall of past two decades of Haryana State is computed and compared with the normal rainfall of the given monitoring to determine the decadal fluctuation.
The annual and monsoon rainfall and their departures from normal rainfall from the years 2000 to 2020 for the State of Haryana shows that there is deficient rainfall observed in Annual rainfall during the years 2000, 2002, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019 & 2020 and there is excess rainfall observed in 2008 only and in remaining years normal rainfall observed in the State.
While observing South West Monsoon rainfall deficient rainfall was observed in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 & 2019 over the State of Haryana. Only in 2008 & 2010 excess rainfall observed during SW- Mon rainfall.
Decadal fluctuation in annual and South west monsoon rainfall in respect of Haryana State and entire Country is shown in table (Q) given below and deviation in actual annual rainfall (2000-2020) and its percentage deviation with normal is shown in fig. 2.10.
Fig (y): ACTUAL SW MONSOON RAINFALL - HARYANA STATE (2000-2020)
2.7 EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION:
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the sum of water evaporation and transpiration from a surface area to the atmosphere. Evaporation accounts for the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and water bodies.
Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent exit of water as vapour through stomata in its leaves
in vascular plants and phyllids in non-vascular plants. A plant that contributes to evapotranspiration is called an evapotranspirator. Evapotranspiration is an important part of the water cycle.
Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a representation of the environmental demand for evapotranspiration and represents the evapotranspiration rate of a short green crop (grass), completely shading the ground, of uniform height and with adequate water status in the soil profile. It is a reflection of the energy available to evaporate water, and of the wind available to transport the water vapour from the ground up into the lower atmosphere. Often a value for the potential evapotranspiration is calculated at a nearby climatic station on a reference surface, conventionally short grass. This value is called the reference evapotranspiration (ET
0).
Actual evapotranspiration is said to equal potential evapotranspiration when there is ample water. Some US states utilize a full cover alfalfa reference crop that is 0.5 m in height, rather than the short green grass reference, due to the higher value of ET from the alfalfa reference.
As per Evapotranspiration data, Table (R) states that in 2019 & 2020, during the
month of August highest evapotranspiration observed. In 2019 the Lowest value of ET
was observed in January i.e (14.02 mm) and in 2020 Lowest value of ET was
observed in December i.e (4.25 mm).
Table-2.12 : MONTHLY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION TRENDS FOR HARYANA FROM 01-JAN-2019 TO 31-DEC-2020
MONTHLY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION TRENDS FOR HARYANA FROM 01-JAN-2019 TO 31-DEC-2020
Evapo-Transpiration (mm) - Year
2019 Evapo-Transpiration (mm) - Year 2020
JANUARY 14.02 JANUARY 20.47
FEBRUARY 32.90 FEBRUARY 23.90
MARCH 42.48 MARCH 75.86
APRIL 47.56 APRIL 53.50
MAY 45.73 MAY 57.46
JUNE 26.03 JUNE 59.76
JULY 104.75 JULY 55.89
AUGUST 126.61 AUGUST 114.62
SEPTEMBER 87.95 SEPTEMBER 67.72
OCTOBER 45.29 OCTOBER 10.36
NOVEMBER 16.81 NOVEMBER 4.79
DECEMBER 18.23 DECEMBER 4.25
Fig 2.11: MONTHLY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION TRENDS FOR HARYANA FROM
01-JAN-2019 TO 31-DEC-2020
Table-2.12 : Deviation in Evapotranspiration from 2019 to 2020 (in mm) S. N District Evapotranspiration
(mm) - 2020
Evapotranspiration (mm) - 2019
Percentage Deviation From 2019
1 AMBALA 606 700 -13%
2 BHIWANI 526 647 -19%
3 FARIDABAD 534 666 -20%
4 FATEHABAD 555 411 35%
5 GURUGRAM 549 716 -23%
6 HISAR 527 432 22%
7 JHAJJAR 533 699 -24%
8 JIND 548 514 7%
9 KAITHAL 543 613 -11%
10 KARNAL 545 638 -14%
11 KURUKSHETRA 566 651 -13%
12 MAHENDRAGARH 513 681 -25%
13 MEWAT 579 734 -21%
14 PALWAL 595 743 -20%
15 PANCHKULA 589 852 -31%
16 PANIPAT 587 615 -5%
17 REWARI 604 765 -21%
18 ROHTAK 521 631 -17%
19 SIRSA 524 465 13%
20 SONIPAT 562 625 -10%
21 YAMUNA
NAGAR
578 737 -22%
REFENENCE:
https://data.gov.in/node/87154/download, https://data.gov.in/catalog/district-rainfall-normal- mm-monthly-seasonal-and-annual-data-period-1951-2000, https://indiawris.gov.in/wris/#/,
http://hydro.imd.gov.in/hydrometweb/(S(osdeiu45tfdt1vesfkqaypze))/DistrictRaifall.aspx
3.0 HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETUP
Three geological groups are represented in the state viz. Pre-Cambrian, Tertiary and Quaternary. The Quaternary group comprises of Alluvium which occupies 98% of the area of the state. The tertiary group is represented by the outermost zone of the Siwalik system composed mainly of sandstones, clay and boulders. The rocks of Pre-Cambrian age which form part of the Aravalli hill ranges are exposed in Gurgaon, Mewat and Faridabad districts and as small outcrops in other Southern districts. The thickness of alluvium deposits decreases from North to South. All the three major physiographic units viz. Peninsula, Extra- Peninsula and Indo-Gangetic areas, terminating in the hard rock formations of Delhi systems (Pre-Cambrian age) towards South, Siwaliks system (Tertiary age) in the North and in between the alluvial formations (Recent to sub recent age) are observed in the state. The general geological succession of the various units of the Peninsula and Indo-Gangetic plains traversing the Haryana state are given below (table-3.1).
Table:-3.1 Generalized Stratigraphy of Haryana State (after GSI, 2012) Age Super Group Group/Formation Lithology
Quaternary
Older and Newer Alluvium and Aeolian Deposits
Grey and brown sand, silt, silt- clay, clay with calcrete, limestone and gypsum.
Tertiary Siwalik Super Group
Upper Siwalik Boulder conglomerate, sandstones, clay/
mudstone and pebble beds.
Middle Siwalik Sandstone with variegated clay/mudstone.
Lower Siwalik Sandstone, mudstone/ shale
Sabathu Fine-grained sandstone, clay and limestone.
Pre-
Tertiary (?)
Tundapathar
‘Series’ Lower (Paleozoic Unconformity)
Stromalitic limestone, Tosham rhyolite, Granite (Erinpura), migmatite, ultramafic and pegmatite.
Proterozoic Delhi Super Group
Ajabgarh Group (Divided into 5 Formations)
Quartzite and basic flows, mica-schist, carbonaceous phyllites and slates, calc- schist, dolomite, marble, calc-silicate, amphibolite, hornblende-schist, phyllite.
Alwar Group Quartzite, conglomerate, amphibolite, mica-schist and arkosic quartzite.
In the extra peninsular region (northern part of Panchkula district) Siwalik System
(Upper Tertiary) and Sabathu Series (Lower Tertiary) are exposed. Sabathu comprises of
greenish grey and red gypseous shales with thin bands of sand stones and limestone.
Shales and limestone are richly fossiliferous. Siwaliks system comprises of mainly greywacke, sandstones, grits, clays, siltstones, conglomerates and pseudo-conglomerates.
These are fluviatile deposits and are rich in mammalian fossils.
The area in Panchkula, Ambala & Yamunanagar is underlain by the ‘Kandi, Sirowal and the Alluvium. The Kandi belt which forms the upper higher portions of the composite fan deposits is 2 to 4 kms wide running more or less parallel to the Shivalik foothills. The sediments comprise boulders, pebbles, gravel and sand with clays mixed in varying proportions. Sirowal belt and the adjoining Gangetic plain on the south of the Kandi belt are underlain by silt, fine to medium sand and clays. Gravel and pebbles also occur occasionally.
The area in Gurgaon district is underlain by the rocks of Delhi system and by Quaternary alluvium. The Ajabgarh shales and quartzite form the basement in the western part of the area where the thickness of alluvium is very less. In Hissar and Bhiwani districts area is underlain by unconsolidated sediments of Quaternary age. The sediments comprise sand, silt clay and kankar. In Sonipat, Jind, Karnal and Kurukshetra districts the area is underlain by alluvium deposits of Quaternary age. Alluvium comprises clay, silt, sands of various grades, kankar, gravel and pebbles. The alluvium deposits are generally lenticular in shape.
In Mohindergarh and part of Bhiwani districts the following geological succession is met.
Recent to sub Recent- Alluvium and windblown sands etc, Post Delhi intrusive- Pegmatite, quartz veins, granites etc. Algonquian Delhi system-Ajabgarh Series Kushalgarh Limestone, Alwar Series. The alluvium in the area belonging to the Older Alluvium comprises of sand, silt, clay loam and kankar. Newer alluvium is mainly confined to the sides of the river natiural water courses. The alluvium is the fresh water deposit of the Indo-Gangetic river system.
The sub-aerial deposits are represented by the talus material on the hill slopes and windblown sands. Rohtak district is underlain by alluvium deposits of Quaternary age. The alluvium overlies the rocks of Algonquians system outcrops of which are seen outside the district. The alluvium consists of clay, silt and various grades of sand. Windblown sand occurring as sand dunes is often seen overlaying the alluvium in various parts of the district.
The unconsolidated alluvial sediments cover around 98% of the state while hard rock’s
cover just around 2% area of the state. Alluvial deposits are of older and newer types and
consist chiefly of clay, silt and fine to medium sand. Other deposits are piedmont deposits,
which are confined to a narrow zone, about 2 to 4 kms wide, between Siwalik Hills and
alluvial plains. Sand-dunes are found in the districts of Bhiwani, Mohindergarh, Hissar and Sirsa Coarse sand, gravels and boulders are found to occur in piedmont areas and in the adjacent alluvial tracts. These deposits have developed in the north part of Ambala district.
The thickness of alluvial sediments is more than 600 m. and along Yamunanagar-Karnal
stretch it is reported to be more than 3000 m. However, the thickness of sediments
progressively decreases towards Delhi and hard rock areas of Bhiwani, Gurgaon, Faridabad
and Mohindergarh districts.
4.0 GROUND WATER REGIME MONITORING
Central Ground Water Board, North Western Region, Chandigarh has established Ground Water Observation Wells (GWOW) in Haryana State for monitoring the water levels.
As on 31.03.2021, there were 1331 Ground Water Observation Wells which included 536 dug wells and 677 piezometers for monitoring phreatic aquifers besides 118 deep piezometers for monitoring confined/ semi- confined aquifers.
The district wise Ground Water Observation Wells are shown in Figure 4.1, Figure 4.3 and detail is given in Table 4.1. The density of the observation wells being monitored in the state of Haryana is given in Table 4.2 and shown in Figure 4.2.
Fig 4.1: District Wise Number and type of Ground Water Observation Well
Fig 4.2: District Wise Area Represented By Single Ground Water Observation Well 0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
No . of G W O W
Districts
DISTRICTWISE NO. OF GWOW IN HARYANA STATE
2020 2021
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Area (Sq. Km)
Districts
Area represented by Single GWOW
2020 2021
Table: 4.1. District wise ground water observation wells in Haryana State.
S. No. Districts Total no. GWOW as on 31.3.2021
DW PZ Total
1 Ambala 43 27 70
2 Bhiwani 32 115 147
3 Charkhi Dadri 11 44 55
4 Faridabad 15 11 26
5 Fatehabad 18 22 40
6 Gurgaon 9 38 47
7 Hissar 41 27 68
8 Jhajjar 29 9 38
9 Jind 38 36 74
10 Kaithal 18 39 57
11 Karnal 8 145 153
12 Kurukshetra 2 97 99
13 Mahendragarh 21 14 35
14 MEWAT 24 7 31
15 PALWAL 27 15 42
16 Panchkula 38 4 42
17 Panipat 10 34 44
18 Rewari 29 7 36
19 Rohtak 29 5 34
20 Sirsa 41 28 69
21 Sonipat 37 36 73
22 Yamunanagar 16 35 51
Haryana State 536 795 1331
Fig 4.3: Location of ground water observation wells in Haryana State.
Table 3 Density of shallow ground water observation wells in Haryana State.
S.
No.
District Area
(Km
2)
No. of Shallow GWOWs
Density represented by one GWOW (area/no. of well) As on
31-3-2020 31-3-2021 31-3-2020 31-3-2021
1. Ambala 1574 68 70 23 22
2. Bhiwani 3348 75 147 45 23
3. Charkhi Dadri 1430 45 55 32 26
4. Faridabad 782 36 26 22 30
5. Fatehabad 1215 38 40 32 30
6. Gurgaon 3983 54 47 74 85
7. Hissar 2702 56 68 48 40
8. Jhajjar 2317 38 38 61 61
9. Jind 2520 68 74 37 34
10. Kaithal 1530 52 57 29 27
11. Karnal 1900 116 153 16 12
12. Kurukshetra 1499 97 99 15 15
13. Mahendragarh 1367 33 35 41 39
14. MEWAT 1834 42 31 44 59
15. PALWAL 2538 45 42 56 60
16. Panchkula 898 44 42 20 21
17. Panipat 1268 53 44 24 29
18. Rewari 1595 47 36 34 44
19. Rohtak 1745 34 34 51 51
20. Sirsa 4277 58 69 74 62
21. Sonipat 2122 74 73 29 29
22. Yamunanagar 1768 54 51 33 35
Haryana State 44212 1227 1331 37 33
5.0 BEHAVIOUR OF GROUND WATER LEVEL
In order to assess the quantitative change in ground water resources, water levels as a routine were monitored four times June 2020, August 2020, October 2020 and January 2021 and compared with previous water level records to ascertain the change in ground water level scenario.
5.1 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL
The behaviour of water level in all four seasons June 2020, August 2020, October 2020 and January 2021 along with maps is discussed in following paragraphs and data is presented in annexure-I. The maximum and minimum water levels recorded in four seasons is given below Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Range of depth to water levels during the period
Range June 2020 August 2020 October 2020 January 2021
Minimum
0.40 m bgl Bhalaut (Rohtak district)
0.26 m bgl Gulaltha (Mewat district)
0.36 m bgl Bhalaut (Rohtak district)
0.60 m bgl Lath DW & Kulasi (Sonipat & Jhajjar
district)
Maximum
99.0 m bgl Kultajpur (Mahendragarh
district)
88.42 m bgl Singhani -PZ (Bhiwani district)
98.0 m bgl Kultajpur (Mahendragarh
district)
87.28 m bgl Singhani -PZ (Bhiwani district)
5.1.1 JUNE 2020
The behavioral pattern of depth to water level data of June 2020 is discussed below along with depth to water level map (Fig.5.1) and data are presented in Annexure-1 (Col-4).
The depth to water level during June 2020 varies from 0.40 m bgl at Bhalaut in
Rohtak district to 99 mbgl at Kultajpur in Mahendragarh district. Very shallow (0-2m) water
levels conditions are observed in small isolated patches in Sonipat, Rohtak, Mewat Jind,
Jhajjar and Ambala districts covering 5% wells and 2% area of state indicating water
logging conditions. Shallow water levels (2-5m) observed in 16% wells and 14% area
mainly in the central part and in few isolated patches Sirsa, Palwal, Mewat, Yamunanagar, panchkula, Ambala districts. Moderate water levels (5-10m) occur in 19% wells covering 20% of area of the state. Moderately deep water levels of 10-20m are observed in nearly 22% wells and 28% of the area falling in Panchkula, Ambala, Yamunanagar, Karnal, Panipat, Sonipat, Kaithal, Jind, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Hissar, Bhiwani, Rewari, Mewat, mahendargarh, Palwal, Gurgaon and Faridabad districts. Deep water levels of (20-40m) have been recorded in 26% of wells and 26% area in Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Karnal, Panipat, Sonipat, Jind, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Rewari, Mahendragarh, Faridabad and Gurgaon districts. Ground Water Trough has been created in Panipat and Sonipat districts along Ambala Delhi National Highway. Very Deep water levels (>40m) occur in 10% of the wells and 10% area covering parts of Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Fatehabad, Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Rewari and Mahendragarh districts & as small isolated patches in Sonipat, Faridabad, Gurgaon and Sirsa districts.
Depth to water level range
Wells monitored Area covered
No. %age Sq. Km. %age
0-2 48 5 653 2
2-5 159 16 6292 14
5-10 181 19 8850 20
10-20 239 24 12480 28
20-40 254 26 11722 26
>40 95 10 4215 10
Figure 5.1 Depth to Water level Map Haryana State, June 2020
5.1.2 AUGUST 2020
The behavioral pattern of depth to water level data of August 2020 discussed below along with depth to water level map (Fig.5.2) and data are presented in Annexure-1 (Col-5).
The depth to water level during August 2020 varies from 0.26m bgl at Gulaltha in Mewat district to 88.42 m bgl at Singhani Pz in Bhiwani district. Very shallow (0-2m) water levels indicating water logging conditions are observed in 14%
wells and 5% area of state as patches in Ambala, Jhajjar, Bhiwani, Sonipat, Mewat and Rohtak districts. Shallow water levels (2-5m) are observed in 18% wells and 14% area mainly in the central part and in few isolated patches in Yamunanagar, Ambala, Panchkula, Sirsa, Palwal and Mewat districts. Moderate water levels (5- 10m) occur in 20% wells and 24% of area covering south and south central parts of the state also as patches in Yamunanagar, Karnal, Sirsa, Ambala and Panchkula.
Moderately deep water levels of 10-20m are observed in nearly 23% wells and 28%
of the area falling in Ambala, Yamunanagar, Panchkula, Karnal, Sonipat, Panipat, Jind, Kaithal, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Hissar, Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Mahendragarh, Rewari, Palwal, Gurgaon and Faridabad districts. Deep water levels of 20-40m have been observed in 20% of wells and covering 24% area of the state from Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Karnal, Jind, Panipat, Sonipat, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Rewari, Mahendragarh, Mewat, Palwal, Faridabad and Gurgaon districts. Very Deep water levels (>40m) also occur in 5% of the wells and 5% area falling in Gurgaon, Faridabad, Rewari, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Fatehabad and Mahendragarh districts.
Depth to water level range (m bgl)
Wells monitored Area covered No. %age Sq. Km. %age
0-2 38 14 2146 5
2-5 50 18 6182 14
5-10 55 20 10455 24
10-20 64 23 12383 28
20-40 57 20 10685 24
>40 6 5 2361 5
Figure 5.2 Depth to Water level Map Haryana State, August 2020
5.1.3 OCTOBER 2020
The distribution of water level in various ranges is discussed below along with depth water level map for October 2020 (Fig.5.3). The water level data are presented in Annexure-1 (Col-6).
The depth to water level during October 2020 varies from 0.36m bgl at Bhalaut in Rohtak district to 98 m bgl at Kultajpur in Mahendragarh district. Very shallow (0-2m) water levels indicating water logging conditions are observed in 7% wells and 4% area as small patches in Sonipat, Rohtak, Jhajjar and Ambala districts. Shallow water levels (2-5m) observed in 17% wells and 12% area mainly in the central part and in few isolated patches in Ambala, Yamunanagar, Panchkula, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Hissar, Bhiwani, Charkhi Ddari, Palwal, Mewat and Fatehabad districts. Moderate water levels (5-10m) occur in 18% wells covering 19% of area covering parts of Sonipat, Panipat, Jind, Kaithal, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Hissar, Bhiwani, Rohtak, Mewat, Palwal, Karnal, Ambala, Panchkula and Yamuna Nagar districts of the state. Moderately deep water levels of 10-20m are observed in nearly 21%
wells and 27% of the area falling in Panchkula, Ambala, Yamuna Nagar, Karnal, Panipat, Sonipat, Jind, Kaithal, Hissar, Sirsa, Fatehabad, Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Rewari, Palwal, Gurgaon and Faridabad Districts. Deep water levels of 20-40m have been registered in 25% of wells and 27% area of the state from Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Karnal, Panipat, Sonipat, Jind, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Bhiwani, Charkhi dadri, Rewari, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon and Faridabad districts. Ground Water Trough has been created in Panipat and Sonipat districts along Ambala Delhi National Highway. Very Deep water levels (>40m) occur in 12% of the wells covering 11% area in Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Rewari, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Fatehabad districts & as isolated patches in Sirsa, Faridabad, Karnal, Panipat and Jind district .
Depth to water level range (m bgl)
Wells monitored Area covered
No. %age Sq. Km. %age
0-2 67 7 1557 4
2-5 151 17 5487 12
5-10 156 18 8265 19
10-20 187 21 11994 27
20-40 224 25 11849 27
>40 106 12 5060 11
Figure 5.3 Depth to Water level Map Haryana State, November 2020
5.1.4 JANUARY 2021
The behavioral pattern of depth to water level data of January 2021 discussed below along with depth to water level map (Fig.5.4) and data are presented in Annexure-1 (Col-7).
The depth to water level during January 2021 varies from 0.60 m bgl at Lath DW and Kulasi in Sonipat district and Jhajjar District respectively to 87.28 m bgl at Singhani Pz in Bhiwani district. Very shallow (0-2m) water levels indicating water logging conditions are observed in 10% wells covering 4% area of state as isolated fall patches in Jhajjar, Mewat, Sonipat and Rohtak districts. Shallow water levels (2- 5m) observed in 23% wells and 16% area mainly in the central Haryana and as patches in Yamunanagar, Ambala, Panchkula and Mewat districts. Moderate water levels (5-10m) occur in 19% wells covering 23% of area of the state. Moderately deep water levels of 10-20m are observed in 23% wells covering 26% of the area in Karnal, Kaithal, Yamunanagar, Ambala, Panchkula, Jind, panipat, Sonipat, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Hissar, Bhiwani, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Palwal, Mewat, Magendargarh and Rewari districts. Deep water levels of 20-40m have been registered in 19% of wells covering 24% area in Mahendargarh, Rewari, Panipat, Sonipat, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Fatehabad, Charkhi Dadri, Bhiwani districts and as small isolated patches in Panchkula and Sirsa districts. Very Deep water levels (>40m) occur in 6% of the wells and 7% area falling in Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Rewari and Mahendragarh districts and as isolated patche in Kurukshetra, Kaithal and Fatehabad districts.
Depth to water level range (mbgl)
Wells monitored Area covered No. %age Sq. Km. %age
0-2 27 10 1529 4
2-5 66 23 7001 16
5-10 54 19 10273 23
10-20 64 23 11434 26
20-40 55 19 10732 24
>40 17 6 3243 7
Figure 5.4 Depth to Water level Map Haryana State, January 2021
5.2. SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS
The water level data of current month or monitoring period is compared with water level data of monitoring period and seasonal water level fluctuation is determined.
5.2.1 JANUARY 2020 - JUNE 2020
The behavioral pattern of seasonal water level fluctuation is discussed below along with map (Fig. 5.5) and data are presented in Annexure-2 (Col-4).
The interpretation of seasonal fluctuations indicates a general decline in 62%
of the wells monitored covering an area of 66% of the State. The water level decline in the range of 0-2m has been observed in 54% wells and 56% of the area in all districts. Water level decline in range of 2-4m has been observed in 5% wells and 6% of the area of the state. Water level decline >4m is recorded in 3% wells and 4% of the area as isolated patches in Fatehabad, Ambala and Bhiwani districts of the state.
The water level Rise has been observed in 38% of the wells and 34% of the area depict Rise in water levels. The water level Rise of 0-2m has been observed in 34% of wells and 31% of area in parts of of Ambala, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Karnal, Panipat, Sonipat, Jind, Rewari, Faridabad, Palwal, Mewat, Sirsa, Fatehabad, Mahendragarh, Hissar, Yamunanagar, Bhiwani, Jajjar, Rohtak, and Sonipat districts. The water level Rise of 2-4m has been observed in more than 2% of wells and 2% of area of the state. Water level rise >4m is recorded in less than 2% wells and 1% of the area in the state as isolated patches in Hissar, Jind, Kaithal, Palwal and Gurgaon districts. Summarised details of water level fluctuation are given in table below;
Water Level Fluctuation Range (m) Wells Monitored Area Covered No. %Age Km2 %Age Decline
0-2 137 54 25025 56
2-4 13 5 2620 6
>4.0 7 3 1717 4
Rise
0-2 86 34 13602 31
2-4 4 2 820 2
>4.0 6 2 428 1
