DICTIONARY CATALOGUE AND CHAIN PROCEDURE
Dlscusses the modified rules of chain procedure meant for a dictionary catalogue as given in
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chapter KZD. Effect of these rules on the syndetic function of a dictionary catalogue by way of 'Ree' and 'see aleo' entries are studied. A number of examples with full chain, specific subject headings, 'see also' subject headings, and 'see' subject headings are provided.
Abbreviations Used
Ccc Ranganathan (S R): Classified catalogue code. Ed 5. Bom.bay, Asia, 1964.
Rdc Cutter (C A): Rules for a Dictionary Catalogue. Ed 4. London, Library Association, 1962.
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DefinitionChain Procedure can be defined in this context as a procedure to derive specific sub-- ject headings, subject analytical headings,
'see' and 'see also' subject headings from.
class num.bers in a sernirn.echanical Way by interpreting the different links in the Chain of class nurn.bers.
01 Cee KZD
This chapter gives m.odified rules of chain procedure m.eant for a Dictionary Cata- logue. The crux of this chapter is that the spec ific subject heading is not started fr am the last sought link of the class num.ber as usual.
The class num.ber is to be divided into differ- ent parts according to the presence of common isolates, space isolates and relationship iso- lates. The specific subject heading starts from. it last sought link of the first part which
is to be indiv idualis ed by the same par t if necessary, then by subsequent parts if any.
MMJob
Dept. of Library Science
University of Kerala, 'I'z-ivand r urn T irne is olates
T irne is 01ate representing a Tim.e Facet is to be considered as significant link. It can b~ a s oughtLink or an unsought link. St~ict economy rnustbe adhered to in cons ideri ng it as a s ought link.
2 Success of a Dictionary Catalogue Since the Dictionary Catalogue is an alphabetical catalogue, its success depends upon the provision of reference entries 21 Definition of Syndetic--Rdc p23
"Svridet ic, connective, applied to that kind of dictionary catalog which binds its entries together by rne an.s of cross-references so as to for rn a whole, the reference being rn ade the rnost compr ehe ns iv e subject to those of the next lower degree ofcorrrpre he rrsive.nes s and f'r orn each of these to their subordinate subjects and vice versa. These cross-
references correspond to and are a good sub- stitute 'for the a r r ang ernent in a s y st.ernat ic catalog. •
3 Subject Entries
When we think of applying the principle of Chain Procedure to Dictionary Catalogue, it rnust satisfy the concept of the syndetic aspect of the Dictionary Catalogue.
4 Errumer at lve Lists
Sears List of Subject Headings or Library of Congress List of Subject Headings is prepared taking into account the syndetic aspect of the Dictionary Catalogue.
5 Syndetic entr ies of the Dictionary Cat a- logue ,
Syndetic entries correspond to reference entries. There are rn a inly two types of re-
ference entries. They are 'see' and 'see also' subject entries. In both Sears List of subject headings and Library of Congress List of Subject Headings there is provision to prepare these reference entries. These things are effected by providing the terms 'x ' and 'xx'.
The term or terms given after
'x"
are to be used onlyfor 'see' reference entries. But if a term is taken from a group of terms that come after the symbol 'xx ", it is tobe used only for a 'see also' reference entry.6 Cross Reference Index Entries
Ccc LA2: "If each of two or more alternative terms is used as the Heading of a Book Index Entry, when the Referred--From Heading is one of these, the Directing Word should be
"see also". If on the other hand, a Referred- From Heading is never used as the Heading of a Book Index Entry, the Directing Word should be "see". Occasions may arise when the directing term "see" has to be changed into
"see also".
7 Types of subject entries.
When we derive subjects heading accord- ing to the Chain Procedure, the result must be the same as that of using enumerative list of subject heading, as far as the types of entr ies are concerned. The difference can be on the methodology, pr ocedure and mechanical opera- tion.
8 Chain Procedure
The chain procedure enunciated by Ranganathan in his book "Cl a s sifle d Catalogue
Code' is notstrictly adhering to the principles generally adopted in subject entries. He also explained this pr inciple of Clta l.n Procedure in his article published in Annals of Library Science 1954,1(1), 216-21. According to the rules and illustrations given by him, there can be only one type of reference entries in a subject catalogue. They are 'see also' re- ference entries. But in the case of a subject catalogue prepared according to Sears list of Subject Headings or Library Congress List of Subject Headings, there will be twotypes of reference entries. They are 'see' and 'see also' reference entries. Subject reference entries also corrie urtder the several category of Cross Reference Index Entries. Cross Reference Index Entries can be either 'see also' entries. The principles adopted in
subject reference entries must also adhere to this general principle of Cross Reference Index Entr ie s •
Example:
Y3l:4:5.44 Prevention of soc ia I evils in rural India.
Chain analysis Rule CccK
Y =Sociology
Y3 Sociology by residence Y31 Rural Sociology Y3l: Connecting symbol Y3l:4: Social evils of rural
areas in India Y3l:4: Connecting symbol Y31~4:5 Prevention of social evils
of rural areas in'India Part 2 of the Chain Y31:4:5: Connecting symbol
Y3l:4:5.4 Prevention of social evils - of rural areas in As ia Y31:4:5.44 Prevention of social evils
of rural areas in India.
, Analysing the Chain by the Canon of Sought Heading-starting from the last link-we get the following
Y31:4:5 .44
=
India, Prevention, Social evils, Rural (Sought Link)Y31:4:5.4 Asia, Prevention, Social evils, Rural (Unsought Link)
First Part
Y3l:4:5. Connecting symbol (False Link)
Y3l:4:5 Prevention, Soc ia l evils, Rural (Sought Link) Y3l:4: Connecting symbol (False
link)
Y3l:4 Social evils, Rural (Sought Link)
Y3l: Connecting syrnbol (False Link)
Y3l Rural Sociology (Sought Link)
Y3 By residence, Sociology (Unsought Link)
Y =Soclology (Sought Link) Spec ific subject Heading star ting from the first part of the chain according to Cc c KZD
PREVENTION, SOCIAL EVl.i...S, RURAL, INDIA.
See also subject headings according to the present rules of Ccc
INDIA, PREVENTION, SOCIAL EVILS, RURAL SOCIAL EVILS, RURAL,
RURAL SOCIOLOGY SOCIOLOGY
91 Effect of the rule Ccc KZD
No specific Subject Heading can statt from a cornmon isolate, or apace isolate or
is 01 ate corning after a relaticnship is ola te , See also subject heading means a heading that can also occur as a. speclfic subject heading.
So a heading that is used as a 'see also' head- ing must be the one that is likely to be used as a heading for a specific subject heading. In the above example, the heading representing the last sought link of the ch a in is a space ls ola te , Specific subject entry cannot be started from a space isolate. Because of the same reason a 'see also' entry should not start from a space isolate.
92 Rules (Modification to Ccc KZD) 1. When a subject heading starts from a c ornrnon isolate, it must be for a 'see' entry and not for a 'see also' entry;
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2. when a subject heading starts from a space isolate, it must be for a 'see' entry and not for a 'see also' entry; and
3. when a subject heading starts from an isolate that comes after a rei atlon sh ip iso- late, it must be for a 'see' entry and not for a 'see also' entry.
93 Effect of the rules Y3l:4:5.44
Spec ific Subject Entry
PREVENTION, SOCIAL EVILS RURAL. INDIA
Auth
Title Call No.
'See also' Subject Entries will be as follows:
1. SOCIAL EVILS, RURAL See also
2.
PREVENTION, SOCIAL EVILS, RURAL, INDIA
RURAL, SOCIOLOGY See also
3.
PREVENTION, SOCIAL EVILS, RURAL INDIA
SOCIOLOGY See also
PREVENT ION. SOCIAL EVILS, RURAL, INDIA
'See' Entry will be as follows:
1. INDIA, PREVENTION, SOCIAL EVILS, RURAL
See
PREVENTION, SOCIAL EVILS, RURAL, INDIA
94 Other Examples
Example 1 X:5.44'N-Z0s = Statistical study of tr a de in Ind ia in the year 1970.
Example 2 X8(J).44 'N
=
Agr icultur al, eco- nomics in India in 20th century.Example 3 BobD = Mathematics for Engineers.
Example 4 VI:19(zM)'N45 N39 '" History of World War II Subject Entries for example 1
Specific subject Entry X:5 .44'N70 s TRADE, INDIA, STATISTICS, 1970 Auth
Title Call No.
(Rule: T'Lrrielsolate representing a Time Facet ls a Sought Link, it :must be added only at the end of the heading irrespective of the part in which lt comes )
'See ate.o' subject Heading.
ECONOMICS See also
TRADE, .INDIA, STATISTICS, 1970 'See' Subject Heading
1. STATISTICS, INDIA, TRADE, 1970 See
TRADE, INDIA, STATISTICS, 1970 2. INDIA, TRADE, 1970
See
TRADE, INDIA, STATISTICS, 1970 (No heading will start from a Time Isolate)
Subject Entries for Exa:mple 2 X8(J) .44'N
Specific Subject Entry
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, INDIA Auth
Tltle Call No.
(Time isolate is considered here as an un- sought link)
'See also' subject Entry ECONOMICS
.Eee also
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, INDIA 'See' Subject Entry
INmA, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS See
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS,INDIA Subject Entries for Exa:mple 3
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Specific Subject Entry
MATHEMATICS biased to ENGINEER- ING
Auth
Title Call No.
'See also' Subject Entry NU
'See' Subject Entry
ENGINEERING biasing MATHEMATICS See
MATHEMATICS biased to ENGINEER- ING
Subject Entries for Exa:mple 4 VI: 19(zM)' N45 ~ N39 Spec ific Subject Entry
WAR, WORLD, 1939-1945 Auth
Title Call No.
(Time isolate representing Ti:m.e Facet is a Sought Link)
'See also' Subject Entr ies WORLD, HISTORY
-See also
WAR, WORLD, 1939-1945.
HISTORY See also
WAR, WORLD, 1939-1945.
(No heading will start from a Time isolate.
V 1: 19 and V}:1 are WlSought links in this case)
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'See' Subject Entr ies Nil
(N0 see refer ence can be prepared accord- ing to Chain Procedure. But flair has to be applied by the cataloguer if there is any alternative term by which readers are likely to approach this book. Hence we get a Subject Cr oss Reference Index Entry) WORLD WAR II
See
WAR, WORLD, 1939-1945.
