H$m`©H$mar g§nmXH$

(1)

(2)

(3)

g§nmXH$-_§S>b

Bg n{ÌH$m _| àH$m{eV boIm| _| {XE JE {dMma g§~§{YV boIH$m| Ho$ h¢ & `h Amdí`H$ Zht h¡ {H$ ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ CZ {dMmam| go gh_V hmo &

Bg_| àH$m{eV gm_J«r H$mo CX²Y¥V H$aZo na ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$mo H$moB© Amn{Îm Zht h¡ ~eV} òmoV H$m CëboI {H$`m J`m hmo &

S>m°. a_mH$m§V Jwám Ûmam ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$, amO^mfm {d^mJ, Jma_|Q> hmCg, dabr, _w§~B© _{400 018}Ho$ {bE g§nm{XV Am¡a àH$m{eV VWm B§{S>`m qàqQ>J dŠg©, _w§~B© _| _w{ÐV &

B§Q>aZoQ> http://www.rbi.org.in/hindi na ^r CnbãY & E-mail : rajbhashaco@rbi.org.in \$moZ _{2494 8263} \¡$Šg _{2498 2077}

g§nmXH$s` H$m`m©b`

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$

amO^mfm {d^mJ, H|$Ðr` H$m`m©b`

Jma_|Q> hmCg, dabr, _w§~B© -_{400 018}

H$m`©H$mar g§nmXH$

gm{dÌr qgh Cn _hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$, _w§~B©

à~§Y g§nmXH$

S>m°. a_mH$m§V Jwám _hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

gXñ` g{Md

Ho$. gr. _mbnmZr à~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

Eg. EZ. {_lm _w»` _hmà~§YH$

B§{S>`Z AmodagrO ~¢H$, MoÝZ¡

S>m°. à_moX Hw$_ma

_hmà~§YH$, ~¢qH$J n[aMmbZ Am¡a {dH$mg {d^mJ

AVwb AJ«dmb _hmà~§YH$ (boIm-narjm) goÝQ´>b ~¢H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m, _w§~B©

E_. dr. AemoH$Z Cn _hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

{~«OamO

g§H$m` gXñ` Ed§ Cn _hmà~§YH$

[aμOd© ~¢H$ ñQ>m\$ _hm{dÚmb`, MoÝZ¡

S>m°. h[a`e am`

ghm`H$ _hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

~¢H$ Am°\$ ~‹S>m¡Xm, _w§~B©

AéU lrdmñVd ghm`H$ _hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

`y{Z`Z ~¢H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m, _w§~B©

S>m°. A{OV Hw$_ma g§H$m` gXñ` Ed§ ghm`H$ _hmà~§YH$

H¥${f ~¢qH$J _hm{dÚmb`, ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$, nwUo

gXñ`

.

(4)

g§nmXH$s`....

{à` nmR>H$mo,

""{dœm{Z Xod g{dVX©w[aVm{Z namgwd

`ØÐ§ VÝZ Am gwdŸ!!''

qMVZ

`Owd}X Ho$ Bg íbmoH$ H$m ^mdmW© `hr h¡ {H$ bmoH$monH$mar na~«÷ h_ g~ H$mo Hw$_mJ© na MbZo go ~MmE§ Vm{H$ h_ g~

H$ë`mUH$mar _mJ© na MbVo hþE ñd`§ gÁOZ ~Z| Ed§ Xygam| H$mo ^r gÁOZ ~Zm`| Am¡a gwIr ah|& ^maV gaH$ma H$s AZoH$ `moOZmE§ Eogr h¢ {OZgo ^maV _| "gd} ^d§Vw gw{IZ…' H$m gnZm gmH$ma hmo gH$Vm h¡& "_ZaoJm' Eogr hr `moOZmAm| _| go EH$ h¡& _wPo àgÞVm h¡ {H$

"_ZaoJm … amîQ´>r` ñVa na gamhZr` àXe©Z H$s AZwnbãYVm' Zm_H$ AnZo boI _| S>m°. amOrd Hw$_ma {gÝhm Zo Bg `moOZm Ho$ ~mao _|, Omo "Zqh X[aÐ H$moC XwIr Z XrZm' Ho$ na_ CÔoí` H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a Mbm`r JB© Wr, H$m\$s {díbofUmË_H$ OmZH$mar Xr h¡& Amem h¡

{H$ n{ÌH$m Ho$ nmR>H$ Bgo ng§X H$a|Jo& "_ZaoJm' H$s hr Vah g_mO Ho$ g_J« {dH$mg _| {dÎmr` g_mdoeZ H$s ^r _hËdnyU© ^y{_H$m h¡

Am¡a Ho$Zam ~¢H$ Ho$ lr A{^Zd Hw$_ma Pm Zo AnZo boI _| Bg {df` H$m H$m\$s gyMZmàX Ed§ {ddoMZmË_H$ dU©Z {H$`m h¡&

qhXr Ho$ _hmZ² H${d H$~ra Xmg Or Zo {~ëHw$b ghr {bIm h¡ {H$ "qZXH$ {Z`ao am{I`o, Am±JZ Hw$Q>r N>dm`; {~Z nmZr gm~wZ {~Zm, {Z_©b H$ao gw^m`'& Amn {H$VZr ^r CÎm_ godm Š`m| Z X|, Cg_| gwYma H$s Jw§OmBe ahVr hr h¡ Am¡a {H$gr ^r `moOZm H$s H${_`m|

H$m nVm V~ MbVm h¡ O~ bmoJ Cggo g§VwîQ> Zht hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {eH$m`V H$aVo h¢& ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb `moOZm Ho$ VhV Bg àH$ma H$s {eH$m`Vm| Ho$ {bE EH$ Cn`wŠV _§M àXmZ {H$`m J`m h¡& S>m°. gw~moY Hw$_ma Am¡a lr amOnmb qgh amdV Zo AnZo boI "~¢qH$J _| J«mhH$

{hV ajm - ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb … {ZUuV _m_bm| Ho$ AmbmoH$ _|' _| ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Ûmam {ZUuV _m_bm| H$m CXmhaU XoVo hþE ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb `moOZm Ho$ ~mao _| nmR>H$m| H$mo H$m\$s {dñV¥V Ed§ Cn`moJr OmZH$mar Xr h¡&

BZ {XZm| Xoe Ho$ Am{W©H$ {dH$mg _| {dXoer àË`j {Zdoe H$s ^y{_H$m Ho$ ~mao _| H$m\$s MMm© hþB© h¡ Am¡a Bgo _ÔoZμOa aIVo hþE Bg {df` na Xmo boI em{_b {H$E JE h¢, {OZ_| go "~hþ-~«¢S> IwXam H$mamo~ma _| {dXoer àË`j {Zdoe … _wÔo Ed§ {ddoMZm' Zm_H$ AnZo boI _| gwlr {Z{Y Mm¡Yar Zo Xoe Ho$ ~hþ-~¢«S> IwXam H$mamo~ma _| ₅₁à{VeV {dXoer {Zdoe Ho$ gaH$mar \¡$gbo H$m gwé{MnyU© {ddoMZ {H$`m h¡&

_hm^maV _| _h{f© ì`mg Zo g§O` H$mo Xya go KQ>ZmAm| H$mo XoIZo H$s e{º àXmZ H$s Wr Am¡a AmO Ho$ `wJ _| _mo~mBb Ed§ B§Q>aZoQ>

Zo `h e{º Am_ AmX_r H$mo àXmZ H$a Xr h¡& _mo~mBb Ed§ B§Q>aZoQ> Zo Z {g\©$ g_mO H$s, A{nVw ~¢H$ Am¡a ~¢H$ Ho$ J«mhH$ Ho$ ~rM H$s Xy[a`m§ ^r g_má H$a Xr h¢& lr g§Xrn ^maÛmO Am¡a lr `moJamO Zo AnZo boI _| _mo~mBb ~¢qH$J H$m {dñV¥V {ddoMZ {H$`m h¡&

OZdar-_mM© ₂₀₁₂A§H$ _| "^maV _| H$mJOr _wÐm H$m H«${_H$ {dH$mg' Zm_H$ boI _| S>m°. AmbmoH$ Hw$_ma añVmoJr Zo nmR>H$m| H$mo H$mJOr _wÐm H$s H$hmZr go ~‹S>o amoMH$ VarHo$ go ê$-~-ê$ H$am`m Wm; Bg A§H$ _| lr Ama. Eg. {Vdmar Zo H$mJOr _wÐm Ho$ EH$ Am¡a nhby go nmR>H$m| H$mo ê$-~-ê$ H$am`m h¡ AnZo boI "EH$ H$a|gr ZmoQ> H$s OrdZ `mÌm … N>nZo go ZîQ> hmoZo VH$' _|&

Amnam{YH$ J{V{d{Y`m| go àmá Ad¡Y {Z{Y {H$gr ^r Xoe H$s AW©ì`dñWm H$mo Xwîà^m{dV H$a gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a Bggo {ZnQ>Zo Ho$

{bE {díd ^a _| à`mg {H$E Om aho h¢& ~¢H$m| H$mo YZemoYZ {ZdmaU A{Y{Z`_, ₂₀₀₂Ho$ VhV g§XohmñnX boZXoZm§o H$s [anmoQ>© {dÎmr`

(5)

AmgyMZm BH$mB© H$mo àñVwV H$aZr hmoVr h¡& Bg _hËdnyU© {df` H$s OmZH$mar lr {dZ` Hw$_ma nmR>H$ Zo AnZo boI "g§XohmñnX boZXoZ à{VdoXZ' _| Xr h¡, Omo {H$gr ^r ~¢H$ `m {dÎmr` g§ñWm _| H$m`©aV ñQ>m\$ Ho$ {bE Cn`moJr hmo gH$Vr h¡& {d{Y Am¡a ~¢qH$J H$m ~hþV Jham g§~§Y h¡, Bgo XoIVo hþE ~¢qH$J {d{Y g§~§Yr boI ^r n{ÌH$m _| em{_b {H$E OmVo h¢o& Bg A§H$ _| lr nadoO A»Va Zo AnZo boI "ñdËd H$s Om§M' _| {H$gr ^r g§n{Îm H$mo IarXZo go nhbo CgHo$ ñdËd H$s Om§M Am¡a boZ-XoZ Am{X _| aIr OmZo dmbr gmdYm{Z`m| Ho$ ~mao _|

MMm© H$s h¡&

gmW hr, n{ÌH$m H$s H$m`©H$mar g§nmXH$ lr_Vr gm{dÌr qgh Zo "B{Vhmg Ho$ nÞm| _|' AmnH$m n[aM` H$am`m h¡ - n{Q>`mbm [a`mgV Ho$ VËH$mbrZ _hmamOm lr ^yqnXa qgh Or Ho$ gmoM-{dMma Ho$ \$bñdê$n ₁₉₁₇ _| OÝ_o ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ g_yh Ho$ EH$ _μO~yV ñV§^

"ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ Am°\$ n{Q>`mbm' go VWm Xoe-Xw{Z`m H$s ZdrZV_ Am{W©H$-{dÎmr` J{V{d{Y`m| H$mo g§jon _| COmJa {H$`m h¡ - n{ÌH$m H$s g§nmXH$s` g{_{V Ho$ gXñ`-g{Md lr Ho$. gr. _mbnmZr Zo AnZo boI "Ky_Vm AmB©Zm' _|&

AZwqMVZ

Bg_| H$moB© g§Xoh Zht h¡ {H$ ^md Am¡a ^mfm H$m Mmobr-Xm_Z H$m g§~§Y h¡& ^mfm Am¡a {b{n Ho$ ~rM ^r Hw$N> Eogm hr g§~§Y h¡& Xoe H$s EH$Vm _| ^mfm go ^r ~‹S>r ^y{_H$m {b{n {Z^m gH$Vr h¡& AmMm`© {dZmo~m ^mdo Zo ZmJar {b{n Ho$ _hËd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aVo hþE `hm§

VH$ H$hm Wm, ""qhXwñVmZ H$s EH$Vm Ho$ {bE qhXr ^mfm {OVZm H$m_ XoJr, Cggo ~hþV A{YH$ H$m_ XodZmJar XoJr& Bg{bE _¢ MmhVm hÿ§ {H$ g^r ^mfmE§ XodZmJar _| ^r {bIr OmE§&'' g^r {b{n`m§ Mb| bo{H$Z gmW-gmW XodZmJar H$m ^r à`moJ {H$`m OmE& {dZmo~m Or

""ZmJar hr'' Zht, ""ZmJar ^r'' MmhVo Wo& CÝht H$s gX²àoaUm go ₁₉₇₅_| "ZmJar {b{n n[afX' H$s ñWmnZm hþB©, Omo ^maV H$s EH$_mÌ Eogr g§ñWm h¡, Omo ZmJar {b{n Ho$ àMma-àgma _| bJr h¡&

^maVr` ^mfmAm| H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm `h h¡ {H$ ^maV H$s àm`… g^r à_wI ^mfmAm| H$s {b{n`m§ ~«m÷r {b{n go hr OÝ_r h¢&

XodZmJar ~«m÷r {b{n H$s g~go ì`mnH$, {dH${gV Am¡a d¡km{ZH$ {b{n h¡, Omo ^maVr` ^mfmAm| H$s ghmoXam {b{n hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo BZ g~Ho$ ~rM ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go g§nH©$ {b{n H$m H$m`© H$a gH$Vr h¡& ~«m÷r {b{n go OÝ_r g^r {b{n`m| _| nañna H$m\$s g_mZVm h¡, AV… ZmJar {b{n BZ ^mfmAm| Ho$ ~rM goVw H$m H$m`© H$a gH$Vr h¡& Xoe H$s EH$Vm Am¡a AI§S>Vm Ho$ {bE μOê$ar h¡ {H$ {Og VÝ_`Vm go qhXr ^mfm H$m àMma {H$`m OmVm h¡, Cgr VÝ_`Vm go ZmJar {b{n H$mo ^r bmoH${à` ~Zm`m OmE& Bggo bmoJ ZmJar {b{n _| {bIr qhXr n‹T> gH§o$Jo VWm qhXr grIZm Am¡a ^r AmgmZ hmo OmEJm&

ZmJar {b{n H$m H$m\$s gr_m VH$ _mZH$sH$aU {H$`m Om MwH$m h¡& μOê$aV Bg ~mV H$s h¡ {H$ Bg {b{n _| {bIo JE eãXm| H$s dV©Zr H$m ^r _mZH$sH$aU {H$`m OmE& A^r VH$ eham| Ho$ Zm_ VH$ H$s dV©Zr _| EH$ê$nVm Zht Am`r h¡ - H$ht "MoÞ¡' {bIm Om ahm h¡ Vmo H$ht "MoÞB©', H$ht "H$moÀMr' {bIm Om ahm h¡ Vmo H$ht "H$mopÀM', H$ht "~|Jbya' {bIm Om ahm h¡ Vmo H$ht "~§Jbya'& A§J«oOr dUm] H$s XodZmJar dV©Zr H$m _mZH$sH$aU H$am`m Om MwH$m h¡, ^{dî` _| eham| Am{X Ho$ Zm_ H$s dV©Zr Ho$ _mZH$sH$aU H$s {Xem _| ^r à`mg Adí` {H$`m OmEJm&

{nNbm A§H {deofm§H$ Wm Am¡a CgHo$ ~mao _| nmR>H$m| H$s AZw{H«$`mAm| go h_mam CËgmh H$m\$s ~‹T>m h¡& h_ Eogo g^r CËgmhdY©H$

nmR>H$m| Ho$ à{V Am^ma ì`ŠV H$aVo h¢& n{ÌH$m Ho$ nmR>H$m| go AZwamoY h¡ {H$ do Bg A§H$ Ho$ à{V ^r AnZr AZw{H«$`m Am¡a ~hþ_yë` gwPmd

ramakantgupta@rbi.org.in AWdm savitrisingh@rbi.org.in Zm_H B©-_ob nVmo§ na AWdm SmH go Adí` ào{fV H ao§, Vm{H h_ Bg n{ÌH$m H$mo CZH$s μOê$aVmo§ Ho A{YH AZwHy$b ~Zm gHo§ &

gmXa

(S>m°. a_mH$m§V Jwám)

(6)

A Zw qM V Z

~¢

qH$J qMVZ-AZwqMVZ H$m Aºy$~a-{Xgå~a ₂₀₁₂ A§H$ àmá hþAmŸ, BgHo$ {bE YÝ`dmXŸ& ~mgob O¡go ewÕ ~¢qH$J {df` na Bg gwÝXa àñVw{V Ho$ {bE Amn Am¡a AmnH$m g§nmXH$ _§S>b {Z…g§Xoh ~YmB© H$m nmÌ h¡&

~¢

qH$J qMVZ-AZwqMVZ H$m "ny§Or n`m©áVm Ed§ ~mgob _mZH$' {deofm§H$ n‹T>Zo H$mo {_bm& _¢Zo h_oem `h _hgyg {H$`m h¡ {H$

~¢qH$J OJV _| qhXr _| `h n{ÌH$m amï´>r`-ñVa na EH$ CÎm_

Ed§ ñVar` n{ÌH$m h¡& _¢ g§nmXH$ _§S>b H$mo BgHo$ {bE ~YmB© XoVm h ÿ § & d V © _ m Z A § H $ H $ m o X o I H $ a E o g m b J m { H $ A m n Z o

~mgob-_III Ho$ H$m`m©Ýd`Z Ho$ àdoe Ûma na hr ~¢qH$J-joÌ Ho$

bmoJm| Ho$ hmWm| _| {df`-{deof na g§X^©-gm{hË` CnbãY H$am {X`m h¡& n{ÌH$m _| {OVZo AmboI h¢ _¢ CZHo$ boIH$m| H$s gamhZm H$aVm hÿ§& ""~¢qH$J qMVZ-AZwqMVZ'' Ho$ _mÜ`_ go g§nyU© ~¢qH$J joÌ H$mo qhXr _| Cƒ ñVar` ~¢qH$J gm{hË` CnbãY H$amZo H$m AmnH$m `h {gb{gbm {Za§Va H$m`_ aho, `hr _oar H$m_Zm h¡&

amO^mfm {d^mJ H$mo Eogm CÎm_ H$m`© H$aZo Ho$ {bE _oar ~YmB`m§

Am¡a T>oa gmar ew^H$m_ZmE§&

lrYa ~ohoam _hmà~§YH$ (~¢qH$J)

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$, H$mobH$mVm

n

`m©á A§Vamb Ho$ ~mX ~¢qH$J qMVZ-AZwqMVZ n{ÌH$m H$m Aºy$~a-{Xg§~a ₂₀₁₂ A§H$ EH$ {_Ì Ho$ H$m`m©b` OmZo na g§`moJ go àmá hþAm&

_wI n¥îR> na ny§Or n`m©áVm Ed§ ~mgob _mZH$ {deofm§H$

erf©H$ Zo ~a~g Ü`mZ ItM {b`m Omo AmO ^maVr` ~¢qH$J CX²`moJ H$m gdm©{YH$ M{M©V {df` h¡& ~mgob-_IIAm¡a

~mgob-_III na BVZr gm_J«r EH$ gmW nmH$a _¢Zo BgH$s \$moQ>moà{V

~Zdm br VWm n{ÌH$m dm{ng {_Ì H$mo {^Odm Xr& dmñVd _| BZ Xwb©^ {df`m| H$mo EH$ H$boda _| g_m{hV H$aHo$ AmnZo JmJa _|

gmJa ^a {X`m h¡& _¢ n{ÌH$m Ho$ boIH$m| Am¡a g§nmXH$ _§S>b H$mo AmnHo$ _mÜ`_ go gmYwdmX XoVm hÿ± VWm AmnHo$ Ûmam g§nm{XV Bg _hV H$m`© Ho$ {bE AmnH$mo gmXa Z_Z H$aVm hÿ±& AmnZo Bg n{ÌH$m H$mo ~¢H$am| Ho$ {bE g§J«hUr` ~Zm {X`m h¡&

~mgob-_II Am¡a ~mgob-_III - EH$ VwbZmË_H$ n[aM`,

~mgob-_III H$m ^maVr` ~¢H$m| na à^md, ~mgob-_III EH$

{dh§JmdbmoH$Z Am{X boI H$m\$s kmZdY©H$ Ed§ Cn`moJr h¢&

lr _mbnmZr Zo "Ky_Vm AmB©Zm' _| ZdrZ Am{W©H$ Ed§ {dÎmr`

J{V{d{Y`m| na _hËdnyU© OmZH$mar XoH$a _mZmo gmoZo na gwhmJm H$a {X`m h¡& AmnHo$ g§nmXH$s` boIm| H$m Vmo _¢ ewê$ go hr _warX hÿ±& dm½Xodr _m± gañdVr H$s H¥$nm AmnH$s boIZr na AZdaV

~Zr aho VWm h_| Eogr kmZ-dY©H$ ~¢qH$J gm_J«r ~¢qH$J qMVZ- AZwqMVZ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {Za§Va {_bVr aho, Bgr H$m_Zm Ed§

gmXa A{^dmXZ g{hV&

Z¡nmb qgh à~§YH$, (EMAmaS>r) Amo[a`§Q>b ~¢H$ Am°\$ H$m_g©

H$mnm}aoQ> Am°{\$g, JwS>Jmdm§-₁₂₂₀₀₁

~¢qH$J qMVZ-AZwqMVZ Ho$ àË`oH$ A§H$ _| ~¢qH$J {df`m| na Ho$pÝÐV CËH¥$ï> boI àH$m{eV {H$`o Om aho h¢& _oam gwPmd h¡ {H$

`{X S>o[ado{Q>d {df` na {hÝXr _| boIm| H$m g§H$bZ ~ZmH$a n{ÌH$m H$m S>o[ado{Q>d {deofm§H$ {ZH$mbm OmE Vmo `h Z Ho$db

~¢qH$J OJV Ho$ {bE EH$ Yamoha {gÕ hmoJm ~pëH$ `h EH$

A^yVnyd© à`mg hmoJm Am¡a S>o[ado{Q>d O¡go J§^ra {df`, {Og_|

{hÝXr _| boIm|/{dMmam| H$m A^md h¡, CZH$s H$_r Hw$N> hX VH$

nyar H$s Om gHo$JrŸ&

AmJm_r A§H$m| Ho$ {bE _oar ew^H$m_ZmE§ g{hV,

C_m gw~«_{U`_

_w»` _hmà~§YH$

(7)

~¢

qH$J CÚmoJ go Ow‹S>o ha ì`pŠV H$s H$m_Zm ahVr h¡ {H$ Cgo ZdrZV_ ~¢qH$J {df`m| na {hÝXr _| H$moB© Eogr n{ÌH$m {_bo Omo CgH$s ~¢qH$J {df`m| g§~§Yr kmZ-{nnmgm H$mo V¥á H$a gHo$ VWm _wPo Jd© h¡ {H$ h_mao [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ûmam AmnHo$ _mJ©Xe©Z _| àH$m{eV

~¢qH$J qMVZ-AZwqMVZ n{ÌH$m Bg à`moOZ H$mo nyam hr Zht H$aVr A{nVw BgH$m ha A§H$ g§J«hUr` ~Z OmVm h¡& AmnHo$

g§nmXH$s` boI gX¡d {dMmamoÎmoOH$ Ed§ h_ O¡go `wdmAm| Ho$ {bE _mJ©Xe©H$ {gÕ hmoVo h¢&

Am{W©H$ Ed§ {dÎmr` J{V{d{Y`m| na ZdrZV_, kmZdY©H$

Am¡a _hËdnyU© OmZH$mar XoH$a Amn h_mao O¡go ghòm| ~¢H$am| Ho$

~¢qH$J H$m§goßQ> Šbr`a H$a XoVo h¢ VWm Xoe Am¡a Xw{Z`m Ho$ ~¢H$m| _|

Š`m Hw$N> Z`m Mb ahm h¡ CgH$s ZB© Am¡a g§{já OmZH$mar XoH$a h_| AnS>oQ> H$aVo ahVo h¢ CgHo$ {bE _¢ Am¡a h_ O¡go hOmam| bmoJ AmnHo$ Am^mar h¢& _¢ B©ída go H$m_Zm H$aVr hÿ± {H$ AmnHo$ Hw$eb _mJ©Xe©Z _| àH$m{eV ~¢qH$J qMVZ-AZwqMVZ loîR>Vm Ho$ ha gmonmZ na nhþ§Mo&

àr{V qgh gwnwÌr lr í`m_ qgh

^OZnwam, {Xëbr

"~¢

qH$J qMVZ-AZwqMVZ' H$m Aºy$~a-{Xgå~a ₂₀₁₂ A§H$

àmá hþAm& n{ÌH$m Ho$ ñVå^ "B{Vhmg Ho$ nÞm| go' _| àñVwV AmboI "CÁÁdb ^{dî` Ho$ {bE H$m`©aV - ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ Am°\$

_¡gya' kmZdÕ©H$ h¡ Am¡a Xygam ñVå^ "Ky_Vm AmBZm' ^r Cn`moJr OmZH$mar Ho$ H$maU _wPo {à` h¡& n{ÌH$m Ho$ AÝ` boI ^r AÀN>o h¢& `h n{ÌH$m ~¢qH$J gå~ÝYr {d{dY {df`m| H$s OmZH$mar XoVr h¡ Omo h_mao {bE _hËdnyU© h¡&

_oao AnZo {dMma _| n{ÌH$m _| Am{W©H$ {df`m| na H$_ go H$_ EH$ H$hmZr hmoZr Mm{hE Omo n{ÌH$m H$mo Am¡a amoMH$ ~Zm Xo&

n{ÌH$m _| ZH$br ZmoQ>m| Ho$ {df` _| VWm {d{dY {gŠH$m| Ed_² boZXoZ _| AmZodmbr _wpíH$bm| Ho$ g_mYmZ Am¡a gmdYm{Z`m| na {Z`{_V ñVå^ Oê$ar h¡ {Oggo _wP O¡go J«m_rU gVH©$ ah gH|$&

{dîUw d_m©

J«m_-H$H$mobr {Obm-\¡$Om~mX (CÎma n«Xoe)

~¢

qH$J qMVZ-AZwqMVZ H$m Aºy$~a-{Xgå~a ₂₀₁₂ A§H$ àmá hþAm, A§H$ ^oOZo Ho$ {bE ew{H«$`m&

Bg A§H$ H$m H$ar~-H$ar~ gmam _¡Q>a hr n‹T> {b`m h¡, ~{‹T>`m h¡& S>m°. Xwìdar gwã~mamd H$m boI "A§VaamîQ´>r` Am¡a ^maVr`

n[aàoú` _| ~mgob-_III … Xg àíZ {OZH$m CÎma h_| OmZZm Mm{hE' n‹T>m& `h boI Bg A§H$ H$m gd©loð> boI h¡& Bg boI Ho$ _mÜ`_ go boIH$ Zo ~mgob-_III go g§~§{YV Xg àíZ d CÎma XoVo hþE EH$ AbJ A§XmO _| ^anya OmZH$mar àñVwV H$s h¡& CZHo$ Bg AZyR>o A§XmO H$mo

^r bmS>r H$m gbm_&

S>m°. a_mH$m§V e_m© Zo AnZo boI Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ~mgob {Xem-{ZX}em| H$s _w»`-_w»` ~mV| ~VmB© h¢ {OZgo g^r nmR>H$m| H$mo AÀN>r OmZH$mar {_bVr h¡& EH$ AÝ` boI _| {dO` àH$me lrdmñVd Zo ~mgob-_II VWm ~mgob-_III H$s VwbZm H$aVo hþE AÀN>r OmZH$mar àñVwV H$s h¡& `h boI ^r AÝ` boIm| go hQ>H$a h¡, boIH$ H$mo ~YmB©&

"B{Vhmg Ho$ nÝZm| go' Ho$ VhV lr_Vr gm{dÌr qgh Zo ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ Am°\$ _¡gya Ho$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ gμ\$a H$mo àñVwV H$a nmR>H$m| H$mo Eo{Vhm{gH$ OmZH$mar àXmZ H$s h¡& lr Ho$. gr. _mbnmZr Zo "Ky_Vm AmB©Zm' Ho$ VhV ZdrZV_ Am{W©H$-{dÎmr` J{V{d{Y`m| Ho$ ~mao _|

Cn`moJr OmZH$mar àñVwV H$s h¡&

Bg A§H$ _| em{_b AÝ` boI ^r ~{‹T>`m h¢& Hw$b {_bmH$a `h EH$ ~ohVarZ n{ÌH$m h¡& AmnH$m CÔoí` AÀN>m h¡& CËH¥$îQ> g§nmXZ Ho$ {bE _oar d ""AmbamD±$S> AH$mX_r'' H$s Amoa go AmnH$mo T>oam| ew^H$m_ZmE±&

A{_V Hw$_ma bmS>r _w»` g§nmXH$ ""AmbamD±$S>'' μ\$arXH$moQ> (n§Om~)

(8)

ny

ar Xw{Z`m _| H$a|gr ZmoQ> `m nÌ _wÐm H$mo {d{Z_` H$m g~go gwb^ Am¡a gd©_mÝ` gmYZ _mZm OmVm h¡ Bg{bE àË`oH$

Xoe H$s AW©ì`dñWm _| H$a|gr ZmoQ> `m nÌ _wÐm H$m {deof _hËd hmoVm h¡& H$a|gr ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo H$m H$m`© `m Vmo ñd`§ gaH$ma

Ûmam {H$`m OmVm h¡ `m {\$a gaH$ma `h H$m`© Xoe Ho$ Ho$ÝÐr` ~¢H$

H$mo AWdm {H$gr AÝ` g§ñWm H$mo gm¢n XoVr h¡& ^maV gaH$ma Zo H$a|gr ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd Xoe Ho$ Ho$ÝÐr` ~¢H$ `m{Z

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$mo gm¢nm h¡&

H$a|gr ZmoQ> h_ g~Ho$ OrdZ H$m A{^Þ A§J hmoVo h¢& nm±M, Xg, ~rg, nMmg, EH$ gm¡, nm±M gm¡ Am¡a EH$ hOma én`o Ho$ ZmoQ>

h_ g~Zo XoIo h¢ Am¡a CZH$m Cn`moJ ^r H$aVo h¢& bo{H$Z BZ ZmoQ>m|>

Ho$ ~mao _| AŠga g~Ho$ _Z _| ò àý CR>Vo h¢ {H$ ò ZmoQ> H$m¡Z N>mnVm h¡, ZmoQ> h_mao nmg VH$ H¡$go nhþ±MVo h¢, BZ ZmoQ>m| H$mo H$m¡Z Zï> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ò ZmoQ> H¡$go Zï> {H$E OmVo h¢?

{Z`_-H$mZyZm| Ho$ Xm¡a go Cgo JwμOaZm hmoVm h¡& H$a|gr ZmoQ> H$m {S>OmBZ H¡$gm hmo, ZmoQ> {H$VZr _mÌm _| N>mno OmE§, MbZ _| ZmoQ>m|

H$s JwUdÎmm H¡$go ~ZmE aIr OmE, Ombr ZmoQ>m| H$s g_ñ`m go H¡$go {ZnQ>m OmE, ZmoQ> {H$VZr _mÌm _| Zï> {H$E OmE§ Am{X Zr{VJV H$m`© h¢ Omo {H$ ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Am¡a ^maV gaH$ma Ûmam V`

{H$E OmVo h¢& XaAgb àog _| NnZo Ho$ ~mX EH$ gwÝXa, M_H$sbo Am¡a H$‹S>H$ ZOa AmZo dmbo H$a|gr ZmoQ> H$s OrdZ `mÌm H$s ewéAmV Bg àH$ma hmoVr h¡& àog go Cgo g~go nhbo ^maVr`

[aμOd© ~¢H$ Ho$ H$m`m©b` _| bm`m OmVm h¡& CgHo$ ~mX {d{^Þ ~¢H$m|

H$s _m±J Ho$ AZwgma ZmoQ>m| H$mo H$a|gr MoñQ>m| _| ^oOm OmVm h¡ Ohm± go dh Am_ AmX_r Ho$ hmWm| _| nhþ±MVm h¡& ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ go ^r Am_ OZVm H$mo ZE ZmoQ> Omar {H$E OmVo h¢& BgHo$ ~mX O~ VH$

CgH$s pñW{V AÀN>r ahVr h¡ V~ VH$ dh EH$ hmW go Xygao hmW VH$ AmVm-OmVm ahVm h¡& Yrao-Yrao Cg gwÝXa, M_H$sbo Am¡a H$‹S>H$ ZmoQ> H$s gyaV EH$ J§Xo, H$Q>o-\$Q>o ZmoQ> _| ~Xb OmVr h¡&

EH$ H$a|gr ZmoQ> H$s OrdZ `mÌm - N>nZo go Zï> hmoZo VH$

Ama. Eg. {Vdmar

ghm`H$ à~§YH$

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$, M§S>rJ‹T>

V~ Cgo A§{V_ g\$a Ho$ {bE ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ ^oO {X`m OmVm h¡ Ohm± CgH$s OrdZ brbm g_má H$a Xr OmVr h¡& AÝ` Xoem| H$s Anojm h_mao Xoe _| boZXoZ Ed§ ^wJVmZ Ho$ {bE ZH$Xr H$m à`moJ A{YH$ {H$`m OmVm h¡ Bg{bE H$a|gr ZmoQ> H$s bmB\$ H$_ h¡& A~

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Am_ boZXoZ Am¡a ^wJVmZ Ho$ {bE S>o{~Q>

H$mS>©, H«o${S>Q> H$mS>©, _mo~mBb ~¢qH$J, BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ ^wJVmZ Am{X H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$a ahm h¡&

H$a|gr ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma

h_mao Xoe _| ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo H$m EH$m{YH$ma ^maVr` [aμOd©

~¢H$ Ho$ nmg h¡& `h A{YH$ma ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$mo ^maVr`

[aμOd© ~¢H$ A{Y{Z`_, ₁₉₃₄Ûmam àXmZ {H$`m J`m h¡& ^maVr`

[aμOd© ~¢H$ H$s ñWmnZm go nyd© H$a|gr ZmoQ> N>mnZo H$m A{YH$ma gaH$ma Ho$ nmg Wm& ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$mo ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo H$m EH$m{YH$ma àmá hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r EH$ én`o H$m H$mJO H$m ZmoQ>

^maV gaH$ma Ûmam hr N>mnm OmVm Wm& ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$mo Xmo én`o go A{YH$ _yë`dJ© Ho$ ZmoQ> N>mnZo H$m hr A{YH$ma àmá h¡&

Bgr{bE Xmo én`o go A{YH$ _yë`dJ© Ho$ ZmoQ>m| H$mo ~¢H$ ZmoQ> ^r H$hm OmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ ZmoQ>m§o na ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ho$ JdZ©a Ho$

hñVmja hmoVo h¢&

ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo Ho$ {bE AmpñV`m±

H$a|gr ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo Ho$ {bE AmpñV aIZo Ho$ g§~§Y _|

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ A{Y{Z`_ _| Amdí`H$ àmdYmZ {H$E JE h¢&

1956 go Xoe _| H$a§ogr ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo Ho$ {bE ""Ý`yZV_ AmajU àUmbr'' (Minimum Reserve System) AnZmB© Om ahr h¡&

Bg àUmbr Ho$ AZwgma ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo Ho$ {bE [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$mo AmpñV Ho$ ê$n _| gmoZm, {dXoer à{V^y{V`m±, én`o Ho$ {gŠHo$ Am¡a

(9)

énò dmbr à{V^y{V`m± aIZm Amdí`H$ h¡ {Og_| gmoZo Am¡a {dXoer à{V^y{V`m| H$m Hw$b _yë` ₂₀₀H$amo‹S> énò VWm Bg_| gmoZo H$m _yë` ₁₁₅H$amo‹S> énò go H$_ Zht hmoZm Mm{hE& ₁₉₅₆go nyd©

""AmZwnm{VH$ AmajU n«Umbr'' (Proportional Reserve System) AnZmB© OmVr Wr& Bg àH$ma AmpñV aIZo Ho$ ~mX

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Amdí`H$VmZwgma ZmoQ> N>mn gH$Vm h¡&

ZmoQ>m| H$m _yë`dJ©

ZmoQ> {H$VZo _yë`dJ© Ho$ N>mno OmZo Mm{hE BgH$m {ZU©`

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$s {g\$m[ae na H|$Ð gaH$ma Ho$ AZw_moXZ go {H$`m OmVm h¡& ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$mo Xmo, nm±M, Xg, ~rg, nMmg, EH$ gm¡, nm±M gm¡ Am¡a EH$ hOma, nm±M hOma Am¡a Xg hOma én`o _yë`dJ© Ho$ ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma àmá h¡&

dV©_mZ _| Xoe _| nm±M, Xg, ~rg, nMmg, EH$ gm¡, nm±M gm¡

Am¡a EH$ hOma én`o Ho$ ZmoQ> hr Omar {H$E Om aho h¢& EH$ Am¡a Xmo én`o Ho$ ZmoQ>m| H$m àMbZ BZ ZmoQ>m| H$s N>nmB© _| ~‹T>Vo IM© VWm CZHo$ OëXr Iam~ hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU nyar Vah go ~§X H$a {X`m J`m h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ ñWmZ na {gŠHo$ Omar {H$E Om aho h¢&

ZmoQ>m| H$s d¡YVm (Legal Tender)

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$s {g\$m[ae na ^maV gaH$ma ^maV Ho$ amOnÌ _| A{YgyMZm Ûmam {H$gr ^r _yë`dJ© Ho$ ZmoQ>m| H$s d¡YVm g_má H$a gH$Vr h¡& h_mao Xoe _| EH$ hOma Am¡a Xg hOma én`o _yë`dJ© Ho$ ZmoQ> MbZ _| Wo bo{H$Z gaH$ma Zo BZ ZmoQ>m| H$m MbZ OZdar ₁₉₄₆_| ~§X H$a {X`m Wm& ₁₉₅₄_| EH$

hOma, nm±M hOma Am¡a Xg hOma énò _yë`dJ© Ho$ ZmoQ>m| H$m MbZ Ama§^ {H$`m J`m bo{H$Z OZdar ₁₉₇₈_| Xoe _| H$mbo YZ H$s g_ñ`m Ho$ H$maU BZH$m MbZ EH$ ~ma {\$a ~§X H$a {X`m J`m& Aºy ~a ₁₉₈₇ _| nm±M gm¡ énò H$m ZmoQ> Omar {H$`m J`m VWm df© ₂₀₀₀go EH$ hOma énò H$m ZmoQ> nwZ… Omar {H$`m Om ahm h¡&

ZmoQ>m| H$s {S>OmBZ

ZmoQ>m| H$s {S>OmBZ H$m {ZU©` ^r ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$s {g\$m[ae na H|$Ð gaH$ma Ho$ AZw_moXZ go {H$`m OmVm h¡& {d{^Þ _yë`dJ© Ho$ ZmoQ>m| H$s$ {S>OmBZ H$m {ZU©` H$aVo g_` AZoH$ ~mVm|

H$m Ü`mZ aIm OmVm h¡& g~go _hËdnyU© ~mV `h h¡ {H$ ZmoQ>m| H$s {S>OmBZ Bg àH$ma H$s hmo {Oggo {d{^Þ _yë`dJ© Ho$ ZmoQ>m| _|

AmgmZr go A§Va g_P Am gHo$& Xygar _hËdnyU© ~mV `h h¡ {H$

ZmoQ> H$s {S>OmBZ _| {deof àH$ma Ho$ gwajm \$sMa S>mbo OmE§ Vm{H$

CZH$s AmgmZr go ZH$b Z H$s Om gHo$& h_mao Xoe _| ZH$br H$a|gr ZmoQ> EH$ ~‹S>r g_ñ`m h¡ Bg{bE ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ ZmoQ>m|

H$s {S>OmBZ _| Amdí`H$VmZwgma n[adV©Z H$aVm ahVm h¡& gZ

1949 _| AemoH$ ñV§^ Ho$ {MÌ dmbo$ ZmoQ> Omar H$aZm Ama§^

{H$`m J`m Wm& df© ₁₉₉₆go Xoe _| _hmË_m Jm±Yr ûm¥§Ibm Ho$ ZmoQ>

Omar {H$E Om aho h¢& `hr Zht, X¥{ï>hrZ ì`{º `m| Ho$ {bE nMmg, EH$ gm¡, nm±M gm¡ Am¡a EH$ hOma énò _yë`dJ© Ho$ ZmoQ>m§o na {deof àH$ma Ho$ {Mh²Z ~ZmE JE h¢& ò {Mh²Z Câr hþB© AmH¥${V _| hmoVo h¢

{Oggo X¥{ï>hrZ ì`{º AnZo ñne© _mÌ go ZmoQ>m| Ho$ _yë`dJ© H$mo nhMmZ gH$Vo h¢&

ZmoQ>m| H$s _m±J H$m AmH$bZ

ha gmb {H$VZo H$a|gr ZmoQ> N>mnZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡, BgH$m

\¡$gbm gaH$ma Am¡a ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ {_bH$a H$aVo h¢& Xoe _|

_wÐmñ\$s{V H$s Xa Am¡a VoOr go hmo aho {dH$mg H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Xoe _| H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| H$s _m±J H$m AmH$bZ H$aVm h¡& `h AmH$bZ nyao gmb H$s _m±J H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a {H$`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cgr _m±J Ho$ AZwgma H$a|gr ZmoQ> N>mnZo H$m AmS>©a àog H$mo ào{fV {H$`m OmVm h¡&

H$a|gr ZmoQ> N>mnZo Ho$ àog

Xoe _| n`m©á _mÌm _| ZmoQ>m| H$s N>nmB© Ho$ {bE Mma àog ñWm{nV {H$E JE h¢& BZ_| go Xmo àog ^maV gaH$ma Ûmam VWm Xmo àog ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ ZmoQ> _wÐU àmBdoQ> {b{_Q>oS> Ho$ Zm_ go

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ûmam ñWm{nV {H$E JE h¢& `o Mma àog {ZåZ{b{IV eham| _| pñWV h¢Ÿ…

^maV gaH$ma Ûmam ñWm{nV àog-

Zm{gH$, _hmamï´>

Xodmg, _Ü` àXoe>

^maV [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ûmam ñWm{nV àog-

_¡gya, H$Zm©Q>H$

gmb~moZr, n{ü_ ~§Jmb

(10)

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ go àmá AmS>©a Ho$ AZwgma àog _| ZmoQ>

N>mno OmVo h¢ Am¡a N>mnZo Ho$ ~mX CÝh| ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ho$

H$m`m©b`m| _§o ^oO {X`m OmVm h¡&

ZmoQ>m| H$m {dVaU

àog Ûmam H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| H$s Amny{V© {H$E OmZo Ho$ Cnam§V ^maVr`

[aμOd© ~¢H$ nyao Xoe _| H$a|gr ZmoQ>m§o H$s Amny{V© gw{Z{üV H$aVm h¡&

àog _| N>nZo Ho$ ~mX ZmoQ>m| H$mo ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| _|

bm`m OmVm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE Zm{gH$ pñWV àog _| N>mno JE ZmoQ> ZB© {Xëbr pñWV ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ho$ H$m`m©b` _| bm`o OmVo h¢ Am¡a dhm± go ZmoQ>m| H$mo {d{^Þ H$a|gr MoñQ>m| _| ^oOm OmVm h¡&

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ AnZo ₁₈{ZJ©_ H$m`m©b`m| `Wm- Ah_Xm~mX, ~§Jbwé$, ~obmnwa (_w§~B©), ^monmb, ^wdZoœa, M§S>rJ‹T>, MoÞ¡, JwdmhmQ>r, h¡Xam~mX, Oå_y, O`nwa, H$mZnwa, H$mobH$mVm, _w§~B©, ZmJnwa, ZB© {Xëbr, nQ>Zm VWm {VédZ§Vnwa_

Am¡a bIZD$ pñWV Cn-H$m`m©b`m| VWm H$mopÀM pñWV H$a|gr MoñQ> Ho$ _mÜ`_ go nyao Xoe _| ZmoQ>m| H$s Amny{V© gw{Z{üV H$aVm h¡&

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo nyao Xoe _o§ ^maVr` ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ Am¡a CgHo$ gh`moJr ~¢H$m|, amï´>r`H¥$V ~¢H$m| Ed§ {ZOr ~¢H$m| H$s emImAm|

_| H$a|gr MoñQ> ñWm{nV {H$E h¢& BZHo$ _mÜ`_ go H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| H$s Amny{V© H$s ì`dñWm H$s JB© h¡& ~¢H$ AnZr emImAm| Am¡a EQ>rE_

Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Xoe Ho$ H$moZo-H$moZo _| Am_ OZVm H$mo ZmoQ>m| Ho$

{dVaU H$m H$m`© H$aVo h¢&

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo _2012-13H$s dm{f©H$ _m¡{ÐH$ Zr{V _| H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| Ho$ {dVaU H$s dV©_mZ ì`dñWm _| ~Xbmd H$aZo H$s KmofUm H$s h¡& dmñVd _| dV©_mZ ì`dñWm _| ZmoQ>m| Ho$

{dVaU _| H$m\$s g_` Zï> hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE ^maVr` [aμOd©

~¢H$ Zo ZmoQ>m| H$mo àog go grYo H$a|gr MoñQ> _| ^oOZo H$m {ZU©`

{H$`m h¡& BgHo$ {bE ~¢H$m| H$mo àog go grYo ZmoQ> àmá H$a CÝh|

aIZo H$s ì`dñWm H$aZo VWm CZH$m C{MV àH$ma go {dVaU H$aZo Ho$ g§~§Y _| `moOZm ~ZmB© Om ahr h¡& `h ZB© ì`dñWm OëXr hr bmJy H$aZo H$s `moOZm h¡&

MbZ _| ~¢H$ ZmoQ> - ₃₁_mM© ₂₀₁₂H$s pñW{V _yë`dJ© ZmoQ>m| H$s g§»`m ({_{b`Z ZJ)

2 Am¡a ₅én`o _11,540

10 én`o _23,002

20 én`o _3,510

50 én`o _3,488

100 én`o _14,119

500 én`o _10,256

1000 én`o _3,469

Hw$b _69,382

H$a|gr MoñQ>

^ m a V r ` [ a μ O d © ~ ¢ H $ H o ₁₈H $ m ` m © b ` m | V W m E H $ Cn-H$m`m©b` _| H$a|gr ZmoQ> Omar H$aZo dmbm {ZJ©_ {d^mJ H$m`©aV h¡& Bg{bE ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Xoe ^a _| ZmoQ>m| Ho$ {dVaU H$m H$m`© {d{^Þ ~¢H$m| _| ñWm{nV {H$E JE H$a|gr MoñQ>m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go H$aVm h¡& {Xg§~a ₂₀₁₁H$s pñW{V Ho$ AZwgma Xoe ^a _| ~¢H$m| _|

Hw$b _4,221H$a|gr MoñQ> h¢& BZ_| go ₅₂à{VeV H$a|gr MoñQ> AHo$bo

^maVr` ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ Ho$ nmg VWm ₁₈à{VeV CgHo$ gh`moJr ~¢H$m| Ho$

nmg h¢ O~{H$ amï´>r`H¥$V ~¢H$m| _| ₂₇à{VeV H$a|gr MoñQ> h¢&

~¢H$ d Q´>oOar _| H$a|gr MoñQ>m| H$s g§»`m

~¢H$ d Q´>oOar H$a|gr MoñQ>m| H$s g§»`m

^maVr` ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ _2,192

^maVr` ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ Ho$ gh`moJr ~¢H$ ₇₇₈

amï´>r`H¥$V ~¢H$ _1,124

{ZOr joÌ Ho$ ~¢H$ ₁₀₇

ghH$mar ~¢H$ ₁

joÌr` J«m_rU ~¢H$ ₃

{dXoer ~¢H$ ₅

Q´>oOar ₁₁

Hw$b g§»`m _4,221

(11)

ñdÀN> ZmoQ> Zr{V

Xoe _| H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| H$s pñW{V ~ohVa ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE ^maVr`

[aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo ₁₉₉₅_| ZB© ""ñdÀN> ZmoQ> Zr{V'' Ama§^ H$s& Bg Zr{V Ho$ Ûmam ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ _| ZmoQ>m| H$s N>±Q>mB© Am¡a CZH$mo Zï> H$aZo H$m H$m`© nyar Vah go _erZm| Ûmam {H$`m OmZo bJm h¡&

g^r ~¢H$m| H$mo {ZXo©e {X`m J`m h¡ {H$ do ZmoQ>m| Ho$ n¡Ho$Q> H$mo ñQ>onb Z H$a|& gmW hr `h {ZX}e ^r {X`m J`m h¡ {H$ do AnZo ~¢H$ _|

ZmoQ> gm{Q>ªJ _erZ (Note Sorting Machine) bJmE§ Am¡a ZmoQ>

nwZ… Omar H$aZo go nyd© ZmoQ>m| H$s _erZ go N>±Q>mB© H$s OmE& Bg àH$ma N>±Q>mB© Ho$ ~mX hr nwZ… Omar {H$E OmZo `mo½` ZmoQ> Am_

OZVm H$mo Omar {H$E OmE§& ₃₁{Xg§~a ₂₀₁₁ VH$ ~¢H$m| Zo _10,394 Eogr _erZ| bJdmB© Wt {OZHo$ Ûmam ZmoQ>m| H$s N>±Q>mB© Ho$

gmW-gmW Ombr ZmoQ> nH$‹S>Zo H$s ^r ì`dñWm h¡&

H$Q>o-\$Q>o d j{VJ«ñV ZmoQ> ~XbZm

{H$gr ^r ì`{º H$mo AnZo H$Q>o-\$Q>o, j{VJ«ñV AWdm ImoE hþE ZmoQ> Ho$ ~Xbo ZmoQ> H$m _yë` _m±JZo H$m A{YH$ma Zht h¡&

bo{H$Z Bg g§~§Y _| ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo OZVm H$s$ gw{dYm Ho$

{bE Hw$N> {Z`_ ~ZmE h¢& BZ {Z`_m| H$mo ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$

(ZmoQ> dmngr) {Z`_mdbr, ₂₀₀₉Ho$ Zm_ go OmZm OmVm h¡& `o {Z`_ ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ûmam ~ZmE JE h¢ Am¡a g§gX Ûmam nm[aV {H$E JE h¢& BZHo$ AZwgma H$moB© ^r ì`{º AnZo H$Q>o-\$Q>o

AWdm j{VJ«ñV ZmoQ> Ho$ ~Xbo aH$_ hm{gb H$aZo H$m AZwamoY H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a {Z`_mZwgma H$Q>o-\$Q>o AWdm j{VJ«ñV ZmoQ> Ho$

~Xbo AmYm AWdm nyam _yë` {_b gH$Vm h¡&

ZmoQ> ~XbZo Ho$ {Z`_ g§jon _| Bg àH$ma h¢-

~rg én`o VH$ Ho$ ZmoQ>m| Ho$ {bE

ZmoQ> Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o EH$ A{d^m{OV Q>wH$‹S>o H$m joÌ Hw$b joÌ Ho$ ₅₀à{VeV go A{YH$ hmo Vmo ZmoQ> H$m nyam _yë`

Xo` hmoJm Am¡a

`{X joÌ ₅₀à{VeV go H$_ `m ~am~a hmo Vmo Xmdm AñdrH¥$V H$a {X`m OmEJm&

nMmg go EH$ hOma én`o Ho$ ZmoQ>m| Ho$ {bE

ZmoQ> Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o EH$ A{d^m{OV Q>wH$‹S>o H$m joÌ Hw$b joÌ Ho$ ₆₅à{VeV go A{YH$ hmo Vmo ZmoQ> H$m nyam _yë`

Xo` hmoJm,

joÌ ₄₀à{VeV go A{YH$ VWm ₆₅à{VeV go H$_ hmo Vmo AmYm _yë` Xo` hmoJm Am¡a

`{X joÌ ₄₀à{VeV go H$_ `m ~am~a hmo Vmo Xmdm AñdrH¥$V H$a {X`m OmEJm&

A{YH$ H$Q>o-\$Q>o AWdm j{VJ«ñV ZmoQ> ~XbZo H$m H$m`©

nhbo {g\©$ ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ _| hr {H$`m OmVm Wm& A~ ^maVr`

[aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo ~¢H$m| H$s MoñQ> emImAm| H$mo ^r `h H$m`© H$aZo hoVw A{YH¥$V H$a {X`m h¡& gmYmaU ê$n go J§Xo ZmoQ>m| Ed§ Ho$db Xmo Qw>H$‹S>m| _| {d^m{OV ZmoQ>m| H$mo g^r ~¢H$ emImAm| _| ~Xbdm`m Om gH$Vm h¡&

Ombr ZmoQ>

h_mao Xoe _| Ombr ZmoQ>m| H$m àMbZ EH$ J§^ra g_ñ`m h¡&

Ombr ZmoQ> N>mnZm `m {H$gr ^r àH$ma go MbZ _| bmZm ^maVr`

X§S> g§{hVm H$s Ymam ₄₈₉E Am¡a ₄₈₉B© Ho$ VhV AnamY h¡& Bg g_ñ`m go {ZnQ>Zo Ho$ {bE ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo AZoH$ H$X_

CR>mE h¢& ~¢H$m| H$mo {ZX}e {XE JE h¢ {H$ nwZ… Omar H$aZo go nyd©

ZmoQ>m| H$s _erZ go Om±M H$s OmE& ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Bg g§~§Y _|

^maV gaH$ma Ho$ àog ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ho$ àog H$a|gr ZmoQ> àog

(12)

{d{^Þ à{ejU Am¡a OmJê$H$Vm H$m`©H«$_ ^r MbmVm h¡ {Og_|

~¢H$ H$_©Mm[a`m| Am¡a Am_ OZVm H$mo H$a|gr ZmoQ> Ho$ gwajm \$sMg©

VWm Agbr-ZH$br ZmoQ> H$s nhMmZ H$aZo Ho$ VarHo$ ^r g_PmE OmVo h¢& ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo AnZr do~gmBQ> na ^r ZmoQ>m| H$s nhMmZ H$aZo Ho$ VarHo$ g_PmE h¢& ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo AnZr do~gmBQ> na ""nhMmZmo n¡go H$s ~mobr, Š`mo§{H$ n¡gm ~mobVm h¡'' Zm_ go Agbr H$a|gr ZmoQ> Ho$ ~mao _| OmZH$mar CnbãY H$amB© h¡&

Bg àH$ma H$s OmZH$mar _obo, n«Xe©Zr, {dkmnZm| Am{X Ho$ _mÜ`_

go ^r Am_ OZVm H$mo Xr Om ahr h¡& ZrMo Xr JB© gmaUr go ñnï> h¡

{H$ ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ûmam CR>mE JE H$X_m| Ho$ n[aUm_ gH$mamË_H$

aho h¢ Am¡a ~¢H$m| _| Ombr ZmoQ> nH$‹S>Zo H$s g§»`m gmb-Xa-gmb

~‹T> ahr h¡&

{nN>bo> VrZ dfmoª Ho$ Xm¡amZ nH$‹S>o JE Ombr ZmoQ>

df© Ama~rAmB© Ûmam AÝ` ~¢H$m| Ûmam Hw$b Ombr ZmoQ>

nH$‹S>o JE nH$‹S>o JE Ombr ZmoQ> Ombr ZmoQ>

2009-10 52,620 3,48,856 4,01,476 2010-11 45,235 3,90,372 4,35,607 2011-12 37,690 4,83,865 5,21,155

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$s nyd© Cn JdZ©a lr_Vr Cfm WmoamV H$s AÜ`jVm _| ~Zr g{_{V H$s {g\$m[ae Ho$ ~mX Ombr ZmoQ>

nH$‹S>o OmZo na AnZmB© OmZo dmbr à{H«$`m H$mo ^r gab ~Zm`m J`m h¡& A~ EH$b boZ-XoZ _| nm±M go H$_ Ombr ZmoQ> nH$‹S>o OmZo na nw{bg _| E\$AmB©Ama XO© H$amZm Amdí`H$ Zht h¡& EH$b boZXoZ _| àmá ₅AWdm Cggo A{YH$ ZmoQ> Ho$ _m_bo _| hr AbJ E\$AmB©Ama XO© {H$`m OmEJm&

ZmoQ>m| H$mo Zï> H$aZm

H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| H$mo Zï> H$aZo H$m EH$m{YH$ma ^r ^maVr` [aμOd©

~¢H$ Ho$ nmg hr h¡& nyao Xoe _| {d{^Þ ~¢H$m| H$s emImAm| _| H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| H$s N>±Q>mB© H$aHo$ J§Xo ZmoQ>m| H$mo H$a|gr MoñQ> _| EH$Ì {H$`m

OmVm h¡ Am¡a CÝh| Zï> H$aZo hoVw gw{dYmZwgma ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$

Ho$ nmg ^oO {X`m OmVm h¡& ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ _| CZ ZmoQ>m| H$s {JZVr Am¡a Om±M Ho$ gmW-gmW nwZ… Omar H$aZo `mo½` VWm nwZ…

Omar Z H$aZo `mo½` ZmoQ>m| Ho$ ê$n _| N>±Q>mB© ^r H$s OmVr h¡& nwZ…

Omar H$aZo `mo½` ZmoQ>m| H$mo Xmo~mam MbZ _| ^oO {X`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Omar Z H$aZo `mo½` ZmoQ>m| H$mo Zï> H$a {X`m OmVm h¡& bJ^J EH$

XeH$ nyd© VH$ ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ _|§ ZmoQ>m| H$s N>±Q>mB© H$m H$m`©

H$_©Mm[a`m| Ûmam _¡ZwAbr {H$`m OmVm Wm Am¡a N±Q>mB© Ho$ ~mX Omar Z H$aZo `mo½` ZmoQ>m| H$mo ^Q²>Q>r _| Obm {X`m OmVm Wm&

""ñdÀN> ZmoQ> Zr{V'' bmJy hmoZo Ho$ ~mX go ZmoQ>m| H$s N>±Q>mB©

Ho$ {bE ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ _| ₅₉H$a|gr doar{\$Ho$eZ E§S> àmogoqgJ { g ñ Q > _ (Currency Verification and Processing System-CVPS) _erZ| bJmB© JB© h¢ {OZ_| à{V K§Q>m _60,000 go _90,000H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| H$s {JZVr Ho$ gmW-gmW ZmoQ>m| H$s N>±Q>mB©

^r H$s OmVr h¡& N>±Q>mB© Ho$ ~mX ZmoQ>m| H$mo loqS>J E§S> ~«oHo$qQ>J {gñQ>_ (Shredding and Bracketing System-SBS) _erZ Ho$ Ûmam Zï> H$a {X`m OmVm h¡& A~ ZmoQ>m| H$mo Obm`m Zht OmVm h¡

~pëH$ ZB© _erZm| Ho$ Ûmam ZmoQ>m| Ho$ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o Q>wH$‹S>o {H$E OmVo h¢&

CZ Qw>H$‹S>m| go BªQ> `m J|X Ho$ AmH$ma H$s dñVw ~Zm Xr OmVr h¡ Am¡a CgH$mo ~mOma _| ^oO {X`m OmVm h¡ Vm{H$ H$mJO Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>m| H$m nwZ… Cn`moJ {H$`m Om gHo$& df© _2011-12Ho$ Xm¡amZ ^maVr`

[aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo _13.8{~{b`Z H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| H$mo Zï> {H$`m&

Bg àH$ma ZE H$a|gr ZmoQ> N>mnZo Am¡a J§Xo H$a|gr ZmoQ> Zï>

H$aZo H$m `h {gb{gbm bJmVma Omar ahVm h¡ Vm{H$ MbZ _|

H$a|gr ZmoQ>m| H$s pñW{V AÀN>r ~Zr aho& ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$

h_oem Bg ~mV Ho$ {bE à`mgaV ahVm h¡ {H$ Am_ OZVm H$mo ZE Am¡a M_H$Xma ZmoQ> AmgmZr go àmá hmoVo ah| Am¡a `{X OZVm H$mo Bg g§~§Y _| H$moB© {eH$m`V hmo Vmo CgH$m VËnaVm go g_mYmZ {H$`m OmE&

g_ñV Am±H$‹S>m| H$m òmoV-

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$s do~gmBQ> Am¡a dm{f©H$ [anmoQ>© _2011-12

(13)

~¢

qH$J joÌ _| J«mhH$ {hV g§ajU Ho$ {bE ^maV gaH$ma,

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Am¡a ^maVr`

~¢H$ g§K à`ËZerb aho h¢&

\$adar ₂₀₀₆_| Ama~rAmB© Ûmam AÕ© {Z`m_H$ g§JR>Z Ho$ ê$n _|

^maVr` ~¢qH$J g§{hVm Am¡a _mZH$ ~moS>© H$m JR>Z {H$`m J`m&

~moS>© Ûmam J«mhH$m| Ho$ à{V ~¢H$ H$s à{V~ÕVm H$moS> Zm_H$ EH$

ñd¡pÀN>H$ g§{hVm V¡`ma H$s JB© Omo {H$ OwbmB© ₂₀₀₆go bmJy hmo JB© h¡& Bg H$moS> _| Hw$N> Ý`yZV_ _mZH$ {X`o J`o {OZH$m AZwnmbZ ì`{º JV J«mhH$m| Ho$ gmW ~¢qH$J ì`dhma H$aVo g_` ~¢H$m§o Ho$

{bE H$aZm Amdí`H$ h¡& H$moS> {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡ {H$ _(i) JbVr hmoZo na ghmZw^y{Vnyd©H$ H$ma©dmB© H$aVo hþE Cgo Vwa§V gwYmaZm VWm Ìw{Q>de bJmE JE ~¢H$ à^mam| H$mo {ZañV H$aZm,_(ii)VH$ZrH$s J‹S>~‹S>r Ho$ H$maU CËnÞ g_ñ`mAm| H$mo Xya H$aZo Ho$ {bE C{MV d¡H$pënH$ Cnm` CnbãY H$amZm, _(iii) BgHo$ ~mX ^r H$moB© J«mhH$

g§Vwï> Zht hmoVm h¡ Vmo Cgo ~VmZm {H$ AnZr {eH$m`V H$hm± Am¡a {H$go H$a|& ~rgrEg~rAmB© Ûmam bmJy {Z`_m| Ho$ AZwnmbZ hoVw {d{^Þ ~¢H$m| Zo gXñ`Vm J«hU H$aZm àmaå^ H$a {X`m h¡& A^r VH$ ₆₉AZwgy{MV dm{UpÁ`H$ ~¢H$, ₁₁ehar ghH$mar ~¢H$ Am¡a

54 joÌr` J«m_rU ~¢H$ BgHo$ gXñ` ~Z MwHo$ h¢ Am¡a CÝhm|Zo g§{hVm Ho$ AZwnmbZ H$s H$ma©dmB© ^r àma§^ H$a Xr h¡& AZwnmbZ Ho$ H«$_ _| gd©àW_ g^r _m¡OyXm Ed§ Z`o J«mhH$m| H$mo g§{hVm H$s à{V`m§ CnbãY H$amZo hoVw ~¢H$m§o Ûmam BÝh| emImAm| _| A§J«oOr, qhXr Ed§ joÌr` ^mfmAm| _| CnbãY H$am`m J`m h¡ VWm ~¢H$m| H$s do~gmBQ> na ^r `h CnbãY h¡&

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ûmam "~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb `moOZm' ₁₉₉₅ _| àmaå^ H$s JB© Am¡a ₂₀₀₂_| Bg_| g§emoYZ {H$`m J`m& ~mX _|, ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb `moOZm ₂₀₀₆_| ApñVËd _| AmB©& bmoH$nmb H$m`m©b` _| {eH$m`V Q´>¡qH$J gm°âQ>do`a H$m à`moJ {gVå~a ₂₀₀₅ go {H$`m Om ahm h¡ {Og_| `moOZm ₂₀₀₆AmZo na VXZwê$n n[adV©Z g§nm{XV H$am {bE JE& àË`oH$ {eH$m`V H$mo ñdMm{bV ar{V go EH$ Z§~a {X`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a `h ~rAmo H$m`m©b` Ho$ [aH$mS>© _| XO©

~¢qH$J _| J«mhH$ {hV ajm - ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb {ZUuV _m_bm| Ho$ AmbmoH$ _|

S>m°. gw~moY Hw$_ma

¹

Ed§ amOnmb qgh amdV

²

hmo OmVr h¡& J«mhH$ geŠVrH$aU H$s {Xem _| ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb

`moOZm H$mo gmW©H$ à`mg _mZm Om ahm h¡ {Oggo J«mhH$ godm JwUdÎmm _| gwYma Am¡a ~¢qH$J Ho$ J«mhH$moÝ_wI ~ZZo H$s Amem H$s OmVr h¡&

df© _2011-12Ho$ Xm¡amZ _72,889_m_bo bmoH$nmb Ho$ nmg Am`o& BZ_| ₅₁à{VeV {eH$m`V| Bg `moOZm Ho$ A§VJ©V ñdrH$ma {H$`o OmZo `mo½` nmB© J`t& {dJV df© _| ^r Hw$b {eH$m`Vm| Am¡a ñdrH$m`© {eH$m`Vm| H$m à{VeV bJ^J `hr ahm h¡& n[admX erf©H$m| H$mo XoIZo go g§Ho$V {_bVm h¡ {H$ gdm©{YH$ àH$aU H$mS>©

~¢qH$J (EQ>rE_, S>o{~Q> H$mS>©, H«o${S>Q> H$mS>©) go g§~§{YV h¢& {nN>bo VrZ gmbm| _| Hw$b {eH$m`Vm| H$m bJ^J ₂₃ à{VeV ^mJ Ho$db H$mS>© gå~ÝYr godm H$mo boH$a h¡& AV… Bg Amoa ~¢H$ H$mo {deof Ü`mZ XoZo H$s Oê$aV h¡ Vm{H$ godm JwUdÎmm ~ZmB© aIr Om gHo$&

df© _2011-12 _| YZ àofU gå~ÝYr àH$aU ₅ à{VeV aho& Bgr àH$ma, nyd© gyMZm {X`o {~Zm ewëH$ H$mQ> booZo Ho$ _m_bo ₅à{VeV aho& noÝeZ ^wJVmZ _| n[admX àH$aU df© _2011-12 _| Hw$b n[admXm| H$m ₈à{VeV Wo O~{H$ Bggo nyd© Ho$ Xmo df© _| `o H«$_e…

8 à{VeV Am¡a ₆à{VeV Wo&

^maVr` ~¢qH$J g§aMZm _| à_wI ~¢H$ g_yh h¢- amï´>r`H¥$V

~¢H$, ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ g_yh, {ZOr ~¢H$, {dXoer ~¢H$, joÌr` J«m_rU

~¢H$& df© _2011-12_| bmoH$nmb H$mo {_br {eH$m`Vm| _| {d{dY

~¢H$ g_yhm| _| {dVaU Bg àH$ma Wm - amï´>r`H¥$V ~¢H$ ₃₁à{VeV, ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ g_yh ₃₅à{VeV, {ZOr ~¢H$ ₂₁à{VeV, {dXoer ~¢H$

7 à{VeV, joÌr` J«m_rU ~¢H$ ₂à{VeV& n[admX àH$aUm| H$s g§»`m H$mo Cg ~¢H$ g_yh _| ImVoXmam| H$s g§»`m Ho$ gmW XoIm

1 Egmo{gEQ> àmo\o$ga, dm{UÁ` {d^mJ ho.Z.~.J. Ho$ÝÐr` {díd{dÚmb`, ~mXemhrWm¡b, {Q>har J‹T>dmb, (CÎmamIÊS>)

2 emoY N>mÌ, ho.Z.~.J. Ho$ÝÐr` {díd{dÚmb`, ~mXemhrWm¡b {Q>har J‹T>dmb, (CÎmamIÊS>)

(14)

OmE Vmo `h nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ Hw$b ImVoXmam| H$m gdm©{YH$ ^mJ amï´>r`H¥$V ~¢H$m| Am¡a ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$ g_yh go AmVm h¡, O~{H$ àmá hmoZo dmbr {eH$m`Vm| H$m gdm©{YH$ ^mJ {ZOr Am¡a {dXoer ~¢H$m| go g§~§{YV ahVm h¡& ImVm| H$s g§»`m Ho$ gmnoj BZ g_yhm§o _| n[admX g§»`m H$m à{VeV ~hþV A{YH$ h¡&

~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb H$mo {_br {eH$m`Vm| _| gdm©{YH$ _m_bo _oQ´>mo eham| go hmoVo h¢ {OZH$m A§e ₃₉à{VeV h¡& {H$ÝVw, J«m_rU joÌ go ^r n[admX BZHo$ nmg AmVo h¢ {OZH$m ^mJ ₁₁à{VeV h¡&

eof, ₅₀à{VeV _| ₁₆à{VeV AY©ehar Am¡a ₃₄à{VeV ehar joÌ H$m à{V{Z{YËd h¡& `h pñW{V df© _2011-12_| h¡ VWm {dJV VrZ dfm] _| `hr AZwnmV pñWa gm ahm h¡& {eH$m`VH$Vm©Am| Ho$

loUr dJuH$aU _| ì`{º JV n[admXm| H$s g§»`m àYmZ h¡ Š`m|{H$

91 à{VeV _m_bo ì`{º JV ImVoXmam| go AmE h¢& eof

9 à{VeV _| g§JR>Z Ho$ {d{dY ñdê$n, `Wm - gmPoXmar \$_©, H$ån{Z`m§, Q´>ñQ> Am¡a gaH$mar _hH$_o Am¡a gmd©O{ZH$ joÌ Ho$

CnH«$_ gpå_{bV h¢& {dJV VrZ dfm] _| BZ g§»`mAm| _| EH$ê$nVm ahr h¡&

{eH$m`VH$Vm© Ho$ nmg {dH$ën h¡ {H$ dh ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$

H$s do~gmBQ> (www.rbi.org.in) na AnZr {eH$m`V XO© H$a gH$Vm h¡ {OgHo$ {bE dhm± CnbãY {ZYm©[aV \$m°_© H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡& gmW hr, joÌr` bmoH$nmb Ho$ B©-_ob nVo àMm[aV {H$`o OmVo h¢ {OZ na ImVoXma AnZr {eH$m`V ^oO gH$Vm h¡& BgHo$ ~mX, Vrgam _mÜ`_ nÌ AWdm \¡$Šg h¡ {OgHo$

Ûmam {eH$m`V XO© H$am`r Om gH$Vr h¡& df© _2011-12_| àmá Hw$b _m_bm| _| ₁₃à{VeV àH$aU B©-_ob Ûmam {_bo, ₁₄à{VeV _m_bo Am°Z bmBZ àmá hþE VWm ₇₃à{VeV {eH$m`V| naånamJV àUmbr O¡go, nÌ AWdm \¡$Šg Am{X Ho$ Ûmam {_bt& Bg gÝX^©

_|, B§Q>aZoQ> Ho$ Cn`moJ H$s ì`mdhm[aH$Vm ñWm{nV hmoVr h¡&

^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo ~¢H$ Ho$ J«mhH$m| Ho$ {bE erK« Am¡a H$_

IMubm _§M àXmZ H$aZo hoVw dm{UpÁ`H$ ~¢H$, joÌr` J«m_rU ~¢H$

Am¡a AZwgy{MV àmW{_H$ ghH$mar ~¢H$m| Ûmam Xr OmZo dmbr godmAm|

_| H$_r Ho$ g§~§Y _| CZH$s$ {eH$m`Vm| H$m {ZdmaU H$aZo hoVw ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb `moOZm bmJy H$s& {dJV dfm] _| bmoH$nmb Ho$ {ZUuV _m_bm| H$m gd}jU {H$`m J`m, BZ_| ~¢H$ J«mhH$m| go gå~Õ _m_bm| Ho$ {df` Bg àH$ma Wo …

Ad¡Y EQ>rE_ boZXoZ Ho$ {bE Zm_o

Amdmg G$U H$s ã`mO Xa

~¢H$ Ûmam bJm`o J`o A{V[aº ã`mO H$s dmngr

E\$S>rAma ImVm ImobZo Ho$ {bE ~¢H$ A{YH$mar Ûmam JbV ~`mZr

EQ>rE_ H$mS>© Ho$ _mÜ`_ go _25,000én`o H$m AmhaU

AmœmgZ ^§J

Amdmg G$U ~r_m _| MyH$

Imo`o hþE EQ>rE_ H$mo ãbm°H$ Z H$aZm

_m¡{IH$ {ZdoXZ na EQ>rE_ Omar

AZ{YH¥$V ì`{º H$mo MoH$ ^wJVmZ Ad¡Y EQ>rE_ boZ-XoZ Ho$ {bE Zm_o

{eH$m`VH$Vm© H$m E~rgr ~¢H$ _| ~MV ImVm Wm& ₃{Xgå~a

2005 H$mo CgZo AnZo EQ>rE_ H$mS>© go AnZo ImVo Ho$ n[aMmbZ go

10,000 én`o Ho$ ZH$X AmhaU Ho$ {bE EŠgdmB©OoS> ~¢H$ Ho$

EQ>rE_ H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m Am¡a BgH$m {dVaU _erZ Ûmam Zht {H$`m J`m& VWm{n, E~rgr ~¢H$ Ho$ CZHo$ ImVo go _10,020énò Zm_o H$a {Xò Jò Wo& My±{H$ {eH$m`VH$Vm© H$mo ^wJVmZ Zht hþAm Wm, CgZo E~rgr ~¢H$ H$mo à{Và{d{ï> Ho$ {bE AZwamoY {H$`m&

~¢H$ Zo à{Và{d{ï> Zht H$s& _m_bo H$mo ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Ho$ gm_Zo bm`m J`m& ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Zo `h nm`m {H$ {XZm§H$ _28.02.2007 H$mo E~rgr ~¢H$ H$mo EŠgdmB©OoS> ~¢H$ Ho$ nÌ _| `h ñnï> {H$`m J`m Wm {H$ _10,000én`o H$m boZXoZ AZwH«$_ g§»`m ₈₄₂₃Ad¡Y boZ-XoZ Wm Am¡a VXZwgma boIm gË`mnZ _| àVrV Zht hmo ahm Wm&> {eH$m`VH$Vm© Zo `h ^r {eH$m`V H$s {H$ _erZ Ûmam ZH$X {dVaU Zht {H$`m J`m& EŠgdmB©OoS> ~¢H$ go nÌ àmá hmoZo na ^r E~rgr ~¢H$ Zo {eH$m`VH$Vm© Ho$ ImVo go _10,020én`o H$s à{Và{d{ï> Zht H$s Am¡a Z hr ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Ûmam H$s JB©

nyN>VmN> H$m Odm~ {X`m, Bg_| CZH$s j_Vm VWm J«mhH$m| H$s {eH$m`Vm| _| {XbMñnr H$m A^md {XImB© XoVm h¡& ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Zo ₀₃{Xgå~a ₂₀₀₅H$s _10,020én`o H$s Zm_o à{d{ï> H$s

(15)

à{Và{d{ï> H$aZo VWm ₃{Xgå~a ₂₀₀₅ go à{Và{d{ï> H$s VmarI VH$ à^m{dV am{e na _r`mXr O_m Xa go ã`mO H$m ^wJVmZ H$aZo Ho$ {ZX}e {X`o& A{Y{ZU©` H$m nmbZ {H$`m J`m&

{d_e©

J«mhH$ godm _| H$_r H$m `h J§^ra _m_bm h¡ {H$ J«mhH$ H$s {b{IV {eH$m`V {_bZo Am¡a gå~pÝYV Xygao ~¢H$ H$s Amoa go n`m©á `Wmo{MV CÎma {_bZo na ^r à{VdmXr ~¢H$ Zo Xg _hrZo VH$ n[admX H$m {ZamH$aU Zht {H$`m& ~hþV gmYmaU Ìw{Q> Ho$

gwYma _| BVZm bå~m g_` bJZm {MÝVm H$m {df` h¡& `h CëboIZr` h¡ {H$ ~¢H$ Zo bmoH$nmb Ûmam CR>mE JE àíZm| H$m ^r Odm~ Zht {X`m& ~mX _|, bmoH$nmb Ho$ A{Y{ZU©` H$m AZwnmbZ hmo J`m& bmoH$nmb Ho$ nÌ Ho$ AZwÎm[aV ah OmZo H$mo ~¢qH$J {d{Z`_Z H$s Ñ{ï> go Zmo{Q>g {b`m OmZm Mm{hE, AÝ`Wm ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb `moOZm H$s àmg§{JH$Vm na ~‹S>m àý{Mh²Z bJ OmEJm&

H$s ñnï> ì`dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE& ì`dhma _| XoIZo _| Am`m h¡ {H$

Bg àH$ma Ho$ Ad¡Y Zm_o AJbo {XZ ñdV… gwYma {XE OmVo h¢&

JbV S>o{~Q> H$s {eH$m`V {_bZo Ho$ ~mX nÝÐh _hrZo VH$

à{Và{d{ï> Z H$aZm ~¢H$ H$s bmnadmhr H$m ~‹S>m CXmhaU h¡&

àH$aU Ho$ VÏ`m| na Ü`mZ XoZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ J«mhH$ Zo {b{IV {eH$m`V XO© H$aZo _| MwñVr Zht ~aVr& KQ>Zm Ho$ VwaÝV ~mX CÝhm|Zo _m¡{IH$ {eH$m`V Adí` H$s hmoJr, bo{H$Z CÝh| `WmerK«

{b{IV {eH$m`V ^r Xo XoZr Mm{hE Wr& `h Xm{`Ëd J«mhH$ na

^r h¡ {H$ AnZr {hV ajm Ho$ {bE do ñd`§ gmdYmZ ah|, AÝ`Wm g_yMm {eH$m`V V§Ì CZHo$ {bE ~hþV Cn`moJr Zht hmo gH$Vm&

`Wmg§^d AnZo ~¢H$ Ho$ EQ>rE_ H$m Cn`moJ H$a|, {Oggo n[admX H$s Xem _| AnojmH¥$V erK« {ZamH$aU H$s g§^mdZm ahVr h¡&

Amdmg G$U H$s ã`mO Xa

{eH$m`VH$Vm©, {OgZo AnZo ~oQ>o H$m à{V{Z{YËd {H$`m, Ûmam `h ~Vm`m J`m {H$ CgHo$ ~oQ>o Zo _7.5%H$s pñWa ã`mO Xa go Amdmg G$U Ho$ {bE AmdoXZ {H$`m Wm, naÝVw ~¢H$ Zo _8%H$s

pñWa ã`mO Xa go G$U _§Oya {H$`m& BgHo$ VwaÝV ~mX ~¢§H$ Zo à{Vnj H$mo {H$gr àH$ma gyMZm {X`o {~Zm ã`mO Xa _| {d{^Þ ñVa na _8% go _11% H$s d¥{Õ H$s& O~{H$, à{Vnj Zo ~¢H$ go pñWa Xa Ho$ AmYma na G$U Ho$ {bE AmdoXZ {H$`m Wm, CgZo _m_bo H$mo ~¢H$ Ho$ gmW CR>m`m& ~¢H$ Zo H$moB© Odm~ Zht {X`m VWm {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m ñnï>rH$aU Zht {X`m& ~¢H$ Ho$ ad¡`o go Ag§Vwï>

hmoH$a à{Vnj {eH$m`V {ZdmaU hoVw ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Ho$ nmg nhþ§Mm& ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Zo Amdmg G$U H$s H$ama à{V H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZo na `h nm`m {H$ G$U _8% H$s pñWa Xa go _§Oya {H$`m J`m Wm Omo ₅ df© H$s Ý`yZV_ Ad{Y VH$ MbZo dmbm Wm& H$ama _|

Cpëb{IV eVm] Ho$ {déÕ ~¢H$ Zo _8% go _11% Ho$ ~rM ApñWa Xa go AbJ-AbJ ã`mO Xa bJm`r Wr& ~¢H$ H$s Bg H¥${V go H$ama H$s eVm] H$m Cëb§KZ hþAm Am¡a {eH$m`VH$Vm© go A{V[aº ã`mO {b`m J`m& ~¢H$ H$mo {ZX}e {X`o J`o {H$ gh_V eVm] Ho$

AZwgma hr ã`mO bJm`m Omò VWm {bò Jò A{V[aº ã`mO H$mo dmng {H$`m Omò& BgH$m AZwnmbZ ~¢H$ Ûmam _54,886énò dmng bm¡Q>mH$a hþAm&

{d_e©

ì`mnm[aH$ g{Þ`_ Ho$ gÝX^© _| g§{dXm H$s eV©/eVm] H$m Cëb§KZ _hËdnyU© h¡ Am¡a nr{‹S>V njH$ma H$mo à{VdmXr Ho$ {déÕ CnMma hm{gb hmo OmVm h¡& àH$aU _| `hr hþAm {H$ ~¢H$ H$s Amoa go AZw~ÝY H$s eV© H$m Iwbm Cëb§KZ hþAm, {OgHo$ {bE ~mX _|

AÝVJ©V {~ÝXw _7.1_| {Z{hV h¡ {H$ {eH$m`V H$s Xem _| J«mhH$ H$mo A{Zdm`© ê$n go CÎma {X`m OmEJm Am¡a ApÝV_ {ZñVmaU Z hmo nmZo H$s pñW{V _| gH$maU AÝV[a_ Odm~ XoVo hþE gy{MV {H$`m OmVm ahoJm& ~¢H$ Ûmam Odm~ Z XoZm, g§{dXm H$m Cëb§KZ H$aZm, Amn{Îm H$aZo na ^r ^yb gwYma Z H$aZm, godm JwUdÎmm H$s Ñ{ï> go g^r J§^ra AnamY h¢& J«mhH$ H$s Amoa go {df` H$mo ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb _| bo OmZm ~‹T>Vr hþB© Cn^moº m OmJê$H$Vm H$m à_mU h¡& `hm±, J«mhH$ dJ© Ho$ {bE gwPmd h¡ {H$ G$U boZo O¡go _m_bm| _| gånm{XV

(16)

g§{dXm H$s \$moQ>mo H$m°nr ~¢H$ go Adí` boH$a aI|, Vm{H$ {ddmX H$s Xem _| AnZo A{YH$ma H$s ajm Ñ‹T>Vm go H$s Om gHo$& ~¢qH$J à{V~ÕVm H$moS> Ho$ erf©H$ "G$U CËnmX', {~ÝXw _8.11.1 (K) _|

{ZYm©[aV h¡, "_m§J {H$`o OmZo na h_ AmnHo$ Ûmam àñVwV g^r G$U XñVmdoOm| H$s A{Yà_m{UV à{V`m§ Am¡a CZHo$ gmW hr G$U XñVmdoO _| CÕ¥V g^r AZwb½ZH$m| H$s EH$ à{V AnZo IM© na CnbãY H$amE§Jo'&

~¢H$ Ûmam bJm`o J`o A{V[aº ã`mO H$s dmngr

n[a`moOZm H$mo {dÎmnmofU {H$`m J`m Wm& _4,34,021én`o ~¢H$

G$U _| Ho$drAmB©~r ñdrH¥$V _2,22,175én`o H$s _m{O©Z am{e em{_b H$s J`r& {eH$m`VH$Vm© Zo ~Vm`m {H$ _m{O©Z am{e ã`mO_wº hmoZr Mm{hE Wr Am¡a ~¢H$ H$mo _2,11,846én`o H$s am{e na hr ã`mO bJmZm Mm{hE Wm& VWm{n, Hw$b _r`mXr G$U H$s am{e na ã`mO bJm`m J`m Am¡a {eH$m`VH$Vm© Ho$ G$U ImVo _| {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$s MyH$ Z hmoVo hþE ^r XÊS>ñdê$n ã`mO bJm`m J`m&

AZoH$ AZwñ_maH$ VWm {b{IV nÌmMma Ho$ ~mX ^r CÝhm|Zo _r`mXr G$U H$s g_J« am{e na ã`mO bJmZm Omar aIm& _r`mXr G$U na bJmE JE A{YH$ ã`mO H$s dmngr Ho$ {bE {eH$m`VH$Vm© Zo

~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb H$mo {bIm&

_m_bo H$mo ~¢H$ Ho$ ñVa na CR>m`m J`m Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb H$mo gy{MV {H$`m {H$ _75,296én`o H$s am{e {eH$m`VH$Vm©

{d_e©

ì`dhma _| AZoH$ _m_bo XoIZo _| AmVo h¢ {H$ _m_bm Cn^moº m AXmbV AWdm bmoH$nmb Ho$ nmg nhþ§MZo na godmàXmVm g{H«$`Vm {XImVo h¢ Am¡a g_mYmZ Ty>§‹T>> {b`m OmVm h¡& J«mhH$ gå~ÝYm| H$s Ñ{ï> go `h pñW{V AÀN>r Zht h¡ {H$ Ý`m{`H$ g§ñWm Ho$ X~md Ho$

~mX n[admX {ZamH$aU {H$`m OmE& {H$gr ^r n[admX Ho$ {_bVo hr Cg_| `Wmo{MV VËnaVm ~aVr OmZr Mm{hE& J«mhH$ H$m AnZr {eH$m`V H$mo boH$a {H$gr ~mhar g§ñWm Ho$ nmg OmZm hr EH$

àH$ma go godmàXmVm H$s ~‹S>r {d\$bVm h¡& AZoH$ AZwñ_maH$m| Ho$

à{V`moJr ~mOma _| Eogo ì`dgm`r H$s hma {Z{üV h¡& ì`dgm` _|

n[admX H$m CX` H$moB© g§H$Q> Zht, A{nVw n[aîH$ma H$m EH$ Adga h¡& {eH$m`V Xya H$aZo go gå~ÝY X¥‹T>Va hmoVo h¢ Am¡a AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ J«mhH$ {ZîR>m A{O©V hmoVr h¡& gd}jU _| ^r g_mZ àH¥${V H$m EH$ _m_bm àH$me _| Am`m {Og_| "dra MÝÐqgh J‹T>dmbr

Zo g_J« am{e na ã`mO bJm {X`m {Og_| AZwXmZ H$s am{e ^r em{_b Wr& BgH$m AW© `h h¡ {H$ Bg àH$ma Ho$ _m_bm§o H$s g§»`m H$m\$s A{YH$ hmo gH$Vr h¡& `h ~mV _hËdnyU© h¡ {H$

J«mhH$ Ho$ Ûmam Amn{Îm XO© H$aZo na ^r ~¢H$ AmgmZr go ^yb gwYma H$aZo H$mo amOr Zht hmoVo& `h ~hþV g§^d h¡ {H$ Omo J«mhH$

Ü`mZ Z XoVo hm| AWdm Ü`mZ Z Xo gH$Vo hm|, CZHo$ ImVo _| ~¢H$

A{YH$ ã`mO dgybr H$a boVo hm|& Bg Ame` go J«mhH$m| _| {dÎmr`

gmjaVm Ho$ {bE à`mg {H$`o OmZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡&

E\$S>rAma ImVm ImobZo Ho$ {bE ~¢H$ A{YH$mar Ûmam JbV

~`mZr

_r`mXr ImVo _| O_m H$aZo hoVw ~¢H$ nhþ§Mm& ~¢H$ A{YH$mar Zo Cgo

~MV \§$S> ImVm ImobZo H$s gbmh Xr& CgZo n¡go O_m {H$E Am¡a

55,000 én`o Am¡a _5,000én`o H$s agrX àmá H$s& ₄₆ {XZm| Ho$

{bE ~¢H$ emIm _| nhþ§Mm& ~¢H$ Ho$ A{YH$mar Zo Cgo ~Vm`m {H$

am{e {Zdoe \§$S> _| O_m H$s J`r Wr {Og_| E\$S>rAma go A{YH$

à{V\$b h¡, naÝVw BgH$m AmhaU N>h _hrZo Ho$ ~mX hr {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡& {eH$m`VH$Vm© Zo ~¢H$ Ho$ nmg {eH$m`V XO© H$s, naÝVw CZgo H$moB© Odm~ àmá Zht hþAm& {eH$m`VH$Vm© H$mo {dÚmb` H$s

\$sg ^aZo Ho$ {bE én`m| H$s AË`§V Amdí`H$Vm Wr& ~¢H$ Ûmam {eH$m`V H$m Odm~ Z {_bZo Ho$ H$maU CgZo ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Ho$

{Q>ßnUr àñVwV H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm J`m Wm, `h {Z{üV Wm {H$

(17)

{d_e©

~¢H$ Eí`moa|g {deofk AmJmh H$a MwHo$ h¢ {H$ ~r_m CËnmXm|

H$m ~¢H$m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {dnUZ hmoZo na ~‹S>r g§»`m _| {eH$m`V|

àË`m{eV h¢& CZHo$ VH©$ Ho$ nrN>o _w»` AmYma h¡ {H$ ~r_m CËnmX O{Q>b hmoVo h¢& àH$aU _| ~¢H$ A{YH$mar H$m AmMaU ì`mdgm{`H$

EH$ ~¢H$ A{YH$mar {ZdoeH$ H$s {~Zm gh_{V {bE E\$S>rAma Ho$

~Om` ~r_m ßbmZ ~oM XoJm& {Zdoe Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| _|, àYmZ {gÕmÝV h¡Ÿ- "VabVm'& ~r_m J«mhH$m| Ho$ g_j `h H${R>ZmB© AŠga CnpñWV hmoVr h¡ {H$ ES>dmBOa CZH$s Amdí`H$VmAm| Ho$ AZwê$n VabVm KQ>H$ H$s Cnojm H$a XoVo h¢& {Zdoe Ho$ {gb{gbo _| ~¢H$

ì`mdgm{`H$ ì`dhma Am¡a _mZXÊS> ñnï> ê$n go ~¢H$ H$s nam_e©XmVm H$s ^y{_H$m ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Xm{`Ëd {ZYm©[aV H$aVo h¢& n¢Vmbrg {XZ H$s E\$S>rAma Ho$ ~Om` J«mhH$ H$mo Nh _hrZo "bm°H$-BZ nr[a`S>' H$m ~r_m ßbmZ {X`m OmZm ~¢H$ H$s Amoa go {H$`m J`m EH$ Am{W©H$ AnamY h¡& ~¢H$am| Ho$ _Ü` Bg àH$aU Ho$ ì`mnH$ àMma H$s Oê$aV h¡, Vm{H$ {dÎmr` godmAm| Ho$

joÌ _| Bg àH$ma Ho$ _m_bm| H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Z hmoZo nmE& dñVwV…

bmoH$nmb VH$ _m_bm nhþ§MZo go `h pñW{V Hw$N> AÀN>r hmoVr, bmoH$nmb Zo {Og àH$ma H$m g_mYmZ {X`m Eogm hr H$moB© {dH$ën Ty>§‹T>m `m MwZm Om gH$Vm Wm&

joÌ _| Am MwH$s h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE `yZmBQ>oS> qH$JS>_ H$s

Ho$ gmW ì`dhma H$a ahm h¡, dhm± J«mhH$ H$mo Ý`m`mo{MV ì`dhma A{Zdm`© ê$n go {X`m OmVm h¡, ₍₂₎ IwXam ~mOma _| {dnUZ {H$E Om aho CËnmX Am¡a godmE§ dJuH¥$V J«mhH$ dJ© H$s Oê$aVm| Ho$

AZwê$n {S>OmBZ H$s JB© h¢, ₍₃₎ J«mhH$m| H$mo C{MV nam_e© {X`m OmVm hmo Omo {H$ CZH$s n[apñW{V`m| Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo, ₍₄₎ J«mhH$ H$mo ñnï> OmZH$mar CnbãY H$amB© OmVr h¡ Am¡a Cgo gVV AdJV H$am`m OmVm h¡- {dH«$` Ho$ g_`, {dH«$` go nyd© Am¡a {dH«$` Ho$

~mX ^r, ₍₅₎ J«mhH$ H$mo Omo CËnmX {X`o J`o h¢, do Eogo h¢ O¡gm {H$

\$_© H$s Amoa go CÝh| ~Vm`m J`m Am¡a godm JwUdÎmm ñdrH$m`© ñVa H$s h¡, {OgH$m CÝh| AmœmgZ {X`m J`m Am¡a {OgH$s \$_© go Anojm h¡, ₍₆₎ Xmdm H$aZo, {eH$m`V XO© H$aZo, CËnmX ~XbZo Am¡a godmXmVm ~XbZo Ho$ _mJ© _| AZmdí`H$ éH$mdQ>| Z I‹S>r H$s JB© hm|& àH$aU _| ~¢H$ A{YH$mar H$m AmMaU Q>rgrE\$ _mÝ`VmAm|

Ho$ EH$X_ {dnarV h¡& `h godm _| Ý`yZVm H$m J§^ra _m_bm h¡&

Cn^moº m H$mZyZ J«mhH$ Ho$ {bE ^r Hw$N> Ý`yZV_ Xm{`Ëd {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡, àË`oH$ IarX Ho$ {bE agrX Adí` b|& `hm§ `h ^r AZwe§gm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ agrX H$s Wmo‹S>r Om§M H$a b|& àH$aU _| J«mhH$ AnZo Bg Xm{`Ëd H$m {Zd©hZ Z H$a gH$m& AZw~ÝY A{Y{Z`_ _| Xr JB© ì`dñWm Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì`mnm[aH$ g§{dXmAm| _|

"H«o$Vm gmdYmZ {Z`_' {H«$`merb hmoVm h¡& J«mhH$ H$mo àmá à_mUH$

Ho$ AmYma na `h gw{Z{üV H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ CgH$m {Zdoe {H$g

`moOZm _| {H$`m J`m h¡& J«mhH$ go Ano{jV Ý`yZV_ gmdYmZr Ho$

{~Zm Cn^moº m g§ajU H$s g§H$ënZm gmH$ma Zht hmo gH$Vr&

2006 H$mo CZHo$ ImVo go _25,000én`o Zm_o {H$E JE& ~¢H$ Ûmam nyN>VmN> {H$`o OmZo na nVm Mbm {H$ nhMmZ ã`m¡am| H$s Om§M {H$E {~Zm H$mS>© CZHo$ H$m`m©b` ^dZ Ho$ gwajm H$_©Mmar H$mo gwnwX©

{H$`m J`m Wm& {nZ ^r CZHo$ H$m`m©b` Ho$ {H$gr AÝ` H$_©Mmar H$mo gwnwX© {H$`m J`m Wm& {eH$m`VH$Vm© Zo Bg H$maU go ~¢H$ go am{e bm¡Q>mZo H$m AZwamoY {H$`m& ~¢H$ Zo gwnwX©Jr Ho$ g~yV (nrAmoS>r)

(18)

àñVwV {H$E, {Oggo `h gm{~V hmoVm h¡ {H$ JmoëS> H$mS>© VWm {nZ H$ånZr Ho$ S>mH$ nVo na àmá H$s JB© h¡ {Og na a~‹S> H$s _wha h¡&

EH$ gwlr gw{_Vm Zo {nZ àmá {H$`m VWm lr ZaoÝÐ Zo H$mS>© àmá {H$`m {Oggo JmoëS> H$mS>© VWm {nZ H$s gwnwX©Jr gm{~V hþB©& ~¢H$ Zo Bg ~mV H$mo ^r Xmoham`m {H$ EQ>rE_ _| H$mS>© H$m Cn`moJ `h Xem©Vm h¡ {H$ JmoëS> H$mS>© VWm {nZ Ho$ Cn`moJ go AmhaU àm{YH¥$V ì`{º Ûmam {H$`m J`m h¡ VWm Cº boZ-XoZ d¡Y h¡& Eogo _| Bg _m_bo _| ~¢H$ {Oå_oXma Zht h¡& ₅{Xgå~a ₂₀₀₇H$mo Am`mo{OV g_Pm¡Vm ~¡R>H$ _| ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Zo `h nm`m {H$ ~¢H$ AnZr {Oå_oXmar go `h H$hH$a Ny>Q> Zht gH$Vm {H$ H$mS>© VWm {nZ H$s gwnwX©Jr {eH$m`VH$Vm© Ho$ S>mH$ nVo na AZ{YH¥$V ì`{º `m| H$mo H$s JB© Wr {Oggo CZHo$ Ûmam Xwwén`moJ H$m Omo{I_ ~‹T>Vm h¡& H$mS>©

VWm {nZ H$s gwnwX©Jr {eH$m`VH$Vm© H$mo ì`{º JV ê$n go hr H$s OmZr Mm{hE Wr `m CZHo$ `Wm`mo½` n[aM` Ho$ àm{YH¥$V à{V{Z{Y H$mo& Bg àH$ma go ~¢H$ H$mo `h {ZX}e {X`m J`m {H$ AZ{YH¥$V ì`{º Ûmam H$mS>© Ho$ Cn`moJ go am{e H$m AmhaU H$aZo Ho$ H$maU {eH$m`VH$Vm© H$mo _25,000én`o H$s à{Vny{V© H$ao& ~¢H$ H$mo `h ^r gy{MV {H$`m J`m {H$ do {eH$m`VH$Vm© H$mo ~MV ~¢H$ Xa go ã`mO AXm H$ao VWm {eH$m`V Ho$ gå~ÝY _| AZwdVu ì`` Ho$ {bE

1000 én`o H$m A{V[aº ^wJVmZ H$ao& Cn`©wº AZ{YH¥$V AmhaU H$s dgybr H$s {Oå_oXmar V` H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~¢H$ C{MV àm{YH$mar Ho$ nmg nhþ§M gH$Vm Wm& A{Y{ZU©` H$m AZwnmbZ {H$`m J`m&

{d_e©

VarHo$ MbZ _| h¢& {ZOr ~¢H$ EH$ gámh Ho$ AÝVamb na EQ>rE_

Am¡a {nZ n¥WH$-n¥WH$ grYo J«mhH$ H$mo S>mH$ nVo na ^oOVo h¢&

`hm± ~hþV _hËdnyU© ~mV h¡ {H$ EMS>rE\$gr ~¢H$ àË`oH$ {S>ñn¡M Ho$ ~mX J«mhH$ H$mo EgE_Eg H$aVm h¡ {H$ EH$ gámh Ho$ ^rVa àmá hmoZo `m Z hmoZo H$s gyMZm ~¢H$ H$mo Xr OmE& Ho$db EH$ `hr Cnm`

Eg~rAmB© _| EQ>rE_ S>mH$ Ûmam J«mhH$ H$mo {_bVm h¡, BgHo$ gmW g§b¾ nÌ _o§ {bIm hmoVm h¡ {H$ AnZm {nZ Zå~a ~¢H$ H$s emIm go àmá H$a b|& àH$aU _| hþB© YmoImY‹S>r H$mo Bg ar{V go ^r amoH$m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ EQ>rE_ S>mH$ go ào{fV H$aZo Ho$ ~mX {nZ ì`{º JV

ê$n go emIm _| AmdoXH$ H$mo gm¢nm Om`o& nrEZ~r _| EQ>rE_ Am¡a {nZ XmoZm| ì`{º JV ê$n go J«mhH$ H$mo emIm _| hr {XE OmVo h¢&

A{YH$mar J«mhH$ Ho$ hñVmja boZo Ho$ ~mX {nZ H$mo grëS> {b\$m\$m|

gd}jU _| gpå_{bV J«mhH$m| Ho$ AZw^d go g§Ho$V {_bm {H$

Xygam {dH$ën hmo gH$Vm Wm {H$ Amamo{n`m| H$s nhMmZ hmo OmZo na

~¢H$ A{YH$mar _Ü`ñWVm H$aHo$ am{e H$s dgybr H$m à`mg H$aVo&

bo{H$Z, Eogr n[apñW{V`m| _| àm`… ~¢H$ gwajmË_H$ ad¡`m AnZmVm h¡ Am¡a g_mYmZ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE gmW©H$ H$X_ Zht CR>mE OmVo& \$bV… {ddmX O{Q>bVa hmoVm OmVm h¡ Am¡a Ý`m{`H$ à{H«$`m Am{X H$m gm_Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡&

AmœmgZ ^§J

{eH$m`VH$Vm© H$m EH$ {ZOr joÌ Ho$ ~¢H$ _| ImVm Wm& `h ImVm EH$ bmI én`o Am¡gVZ {V_mhr eof Ho$ AmYma na Imobm J`m Wm Am¡a J«mhH$ H$mo AZoH$ godmAm| H$m dMZ {X`m J`m Wm {OÝh| nyam Z H$aZo H$m Amamon h¡& BZ godmAm| _| Ka go MoH$ H$m g§J«hU, emIm _| godH$ Ûmam nm{Hª$J H$s ì`dñWm, ì`{º JV

godm, g§{d^mJ godm Am¡a boZ-XoZ Ho$ gå~ÝY _| nyN>VmN> Ho$ {bE VwaÝV Odm~ em{_b Wm& `h XoIm J`m {H$ CZH$s emImE§ g^r J«mhH$m| H$mo {XE JE dMZm| H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE nyar Vah go gwgpÁOV h¢ `m Zht, `h gw{Z{üV {H$`o {~Zm hr ~¢H$ Zo ~¢qH$J godm CËnmXm| H$s ewéAmV H$s h¡& dmXm H$s JB© godmAm| go Ow‹S>r {d{^Þ eVm] Ho$ gå~ÝY _| J«mhH$ go gånH©$ H$aZo _| ^r ~¢H$ _|

H$_r nmB© JB©Ÿ& dmXm H$s JB© godmAm| H$mo nyam {H$ò {~Zm EH$ bmI énò {V_mhr Am¡gV eof O_m ~Zmò aIZo H$mo C{MV Zht R>ham`m J`m& Bg àH$ma J«mhH$ Zo _5,000énò {V_mhr Am¡gV na gm_mÝ`

(19)

~MV ~¢H$ ImVm ~ZmE aIm, Cgo _95,000én`o A{YH$ ã`mO Xa na _r`mXr ImVo _| {Zdoe Ho$ ê$n _| aIZo H$m _m¡H$m {_bZm Mm{hE& ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Zo ~¢H$ Ho$ {déÕ ImVm ImobVo dº bmJy _r`mXr O_m Xa go A{YH$ (_2%{V_mhr MH«$d¥{Õ go) ImVm ImobZo H$s VmarI go ã`mO H$m ^wJVmZ H$aZo H$m A{Y{ZU©`

nm[aV {H$`m&

{d_e©

~¢qH$J godmAm| _| CËnmX ûm¥§Ibm {dñV¥V hmoVr Om ahr h¡&

~r_m godmAm| Ho$ g§{db`Z Ho$ Abmdm Q>oŠZm°bm°Or AmYm[aV ZE CËnmX {dH${gV hmo aho h¢& gmW hr nwamZr nmaån[aH$ godmAm| Ho$

Z`o-Z`o d¡[aE§Q> ~mOma _| XoIo Om gH$Vo h¢& ~MV ImVo _| Hw$N>

A{Y_mZ loUr Ho$ ~MV ImVo _| ~¢H$ J«mhH$m| H$mo Hw$N> A{V[aº gw{dYmE§ XoVo h¢ Am¡a Ý`yZV_ eof Am{X Ho$ {bE Hw$N> A{V[aº gr_m V` H$aVo h¢& ~¢H$ _| ImVm ImobZm g§{dXm A{Y{Z`_ em{gV EH$ AZw~ÝY h¡& EH$ {deof ImVo _| àñVm{dV gw{dYmE§ Am¡a {ZYm©[aV A{V[aº Ý`yZV_ eof am{e AZw~ÝY H$s eV] h¢& g§{dXm H$s eVm] H$m nmbZ H$aZm XmoZm| njm| Ho$ {bE A{Zdm`© h¡, AÝ`Wm nr{‹S>V njH$ma H$mo {d{Ygå_V CnMma hm{gb hmo OmVo h¢& àH$aU _| {Z{hV VÏ`m| na Ü`mZ XoZo go {ZîH$f© {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ ~¢H$ H$mo {d{eï> loUr ImVm H$Xm{n Zht ImobZm Mm{hE Wm, O~ VH$ {H$

CZHo$ nmg àñVm{dV godmAm| H$s CnbãYVm Z hmoVr& J«mhH$ H$s Amoa go _m§J {H$E OmZo na ^r ~¢H$ H$s Amoa go ñnï> ê$n go Ag_W©Vm ì`º H$s OmZr Mm{hE Wr {H$ {dkm{nV ImVo H$s godm CZH$s emIm _| CnbãY Zht h¡& `hm§ ~¢H$ H$s nam_e©XmVm ^y{_H$m

~¢H$ H$s àoaUm go "{àdboÁS> EH$mC§Q>' Imobm, ~mX _| Bgo AZwn`wº nmZo na gmYmaU ImVo _| VãXrb H$am`m& `o G${fHo$e ZJa Ho$

CnbãY Zht h¡, O¡go- n¡Q´>mob nån, V{ZîH$ Ho$ emoê$_, gyMr~Õ

»`m{VbãY H$ån{Z`m| Ho$ EŠgŠby{gd AmCQ>boQ> na EQ>rE_ H$s ñdrH$m`©Vm& Eogr pñW{V _| ~¢H$ H$mo {deof ImVm ImobVo g_` `h Ü`mZ XoZm Mm{hE {H$ dh ImVm J«mhH$ Ho$ {bE CnmXo` ^r hmoJm `m

Zht& {dÎmr` godmAm| Ho$ joÌ _| àmg§{JH$ "Q´>rQ> H$ñQ>_a \o$Aabr' AdYmaUm {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¡ {H$ J«mhH$ Ho$ {bE CËnmX H$s Cn`wº Vm {df`H$ nam_e© {dH«o$Vm H$s Amoa go gmdYmZrnyd©H$ Am¡a H$ÝgÝS>©>

hmoH$a {X`m OmE& àg§JJV àH$aU J«mhH$ OmJê$H$Vm ñVa H$s Amoa

N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r gw{dYmE§ Z {_bZo na {df` H$mo bmoH$nmb AWdm H$moQ>© VH$ bo Om gH$Vm h¡& Cn^moº m g§ajU Ho$ g§X^© _| `h CëboIZr` ew^ g§Ho$V h¡&

Amdmg G$U ~r_m _| MyH$

~¢H$ Zo ~§YH$ _moMZ ~r_m `moOZm H$s ewéAmV H$s Am¡a `moOZm Ho$

Amdmg G$U ImVo go _15,746én`o Zm_o S>mbo JE Am¡a VXZwgma g_mZ _m{gH$ {H$ñV g_m`mo{OV H$s& ₂₀₀₈_| CZHo$ n{V Ho$

{ZYZ hmoZo Ho$ nümV, dh ~¢H$ Ho$ nmg Bg AZwamoY Ho$ gmW nhþ§Mr {H$ {bE JE ~r_m gwajm Ho$ AÝVJ©V G$U H$mo g_m`mo{OV H$a ImVm ~§X H$a|& ~¢H$ Zo Odm~ {X`m {H$ CZHo$ ImVo go Zm_o H$s JB©

_{hbm& My±{H$, _m_bo na g_mYmZ Zht hþAm, g_Pm¡Vm ~¡R>H$

Am`mo{OV H$s JB©& ~¢H$ Zo Xbrb Xr {H$ `moOZm H$mo ₂₀₀₅_| bmJy {H$`m Am¡a {eH$m`VH$Vm© Ho$ AZwgma dh A{Zdm`© Zht Wr, naÝVw d¡H$pënH$ Wr& ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Zo ~¢H$ go nyN>VmN> H$s {H$ Š`m Bg VÏ` H$s OmZH$mar J«mhH$ H$mo Xr JB© Wr, {Og na ~¢H$ Zo Odm~ {X`m {H$ Bg gå~ÝY _| ~¢H$ Ho$ nmg H$moB© [aH$m°S>© CnbãY Zht h¡& ~¢qH$J bmoH$nmb Bg ~mV na A{S>J ~Zo aho {H$ `moOZm H$m ã`m¡am g^r nmÌ KQ>H$m| H$s OmZH$mar _| bmZm Mm{hE Wm Am¡a