Status of seaweed culture in India

REPORT ON THE

CO-OPERATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE SEAWEED RESOURCES ALONG THE TAMIL NADU COAST

PHASE - 1

J o in tly conducted by

T H E D E P A R T M E N T O F F IS H E R IE S , G O V T . O F T A M I L N A D U T H E C E N T R A L M A R I N E F IS H E R IE S R ES E AR CH IN S T IT U T E T H E C E N T R A L S A L T A N D M A R IN E C H E M IC A L S RESEARCH IN S T IT U T E

PREPARED BY

C e n t r a l M a r i n e F i s h e r i e s ’ R e s e a r c h i n s t i t u t e

( I N D I A N C O U N C IL OF A G R IC U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H )

REPORT OF THE FIRST PHASE OP THB SUMMARY OP TEE SEAWEED RESOURCES ALONG THE T A M I L ' M D U COAST

Kilakkarai to Athankarai (Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay), Rameswaram and The Gulf of loannar Islands.

Jointly conducted by

1. The Uepartraent o f f i s h e r i e s , Govt, of Tamil Nadu 2. The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute.

3. The Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute,

(Prepared by)

CENTRAL I4ARINE PISflERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE,

(INDIAN COUNCIL OP AGRICUT^TURAL RESE.ARCH)

Report on the First Phage of the Survey of the Resouroes Along the Tamil Fadu Coast

As a seiuel to the recommendation made "by Group 9 - Fisheries, of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research for fostering inter-organisational co-operation in resear'^h, a programme was initiated between the Department of

Fisheries, Tarail Ivadu, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute and Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute to conduct a survey of seaweed resources of Tamil Nadu,

The Survey was started on 20th April, 1971. ^he following persons participated in the survey,

CMFRI

1, Dr. M. Umamaheswararao, Asst. Fisheries Scientist 2. Shri ^.S. Kuriyakose, Research Assistant

3.

44.

5.

6, 7.

I I

Tl Tl

Kallaperumal, S, Kalimuthu,

Narayanaswamy, " 5 Three persons

rhanaraj, ,laboratory-cum-field Asst. 5 on field work J , S , A .

I f

Md.Mohideen, Fieldman State Fisheries

t. Shri S.T, Chari/Shri S.Krishnamurthy, Dy.Pirector

2. " M.Paramasivam, Research Asst.

3. " Ehanavelu, Bearer 4. " l o s s I'lan, L r i v e r 5 . " Chusan, "

6. ” Anthony Pitohai "

7. " Susimanikam, ” S, " Anthony, Boat crew

5 at each trip

i ) Pour perons 5 excluding the i ) crew on field 5 work at

5 each trip

9 . ^Slii'i. Shanniugam, Boat crew

10. ” Karim '* '

11, " ahangavelu "

CSMGRI

1. 'Dr, Yi K r i s h n a m r t h y , Asst, Ilrector 5 2. ” K. Subbaramaiah, Scientist ’C 5 Six

3 . Shri M.R.P, Hair, l i persons

4. " M, S'akthivel, P.O. ! 1 on field 5. ” • S.M.IT. Jainulabdeen, Lab, bearer 0 work at 6. " M.Anthony Rayappan, " 5 each trip 7. " A.M. Abdul Majeed ”

S, " .M. Nandagopal "

The Statistical analysis -wus carried out by Shri A.K.

Kesavan Nair of Central .Marine Fisheries Research Institiite, Area coyered ;

Each Section was divided into 3 km zones serially numbered in Map 1 and stations were fixed in each zone.

At each station 3 transects a t ‘intervals of 100 metres were Established and seaweed samples were collected along each transect at different depths - intertidal, 0,0, 0,5»

A

1.0, 1,5> 2.0 and 4.0 metres..

Me tho d s _o‘ f Survey

Each section was divided into 3 km zones(serially numbered in Map I) and stations were fixed in each zone.

At each station 3 transects at intervals of 100 metres were established and seaweed samples v/ere collected along each transect at different depths - intertidal, 0,0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and.4;.0 metres. The distance between

the sampling points on the transects and the "base line near,

the s h o r e were calculated by taking bearings with the

help of a sextant, Ihe bearings taken and the total

length of the coastline measured were used in estimating

and mapping tlie area siirveyed.lach. 3 icni zone was Scimpled 2 tines following th'e above method at 1 km«

distance. Seaweed samples were collected from 1 square metre Eirea by diving and for this purpose a metal quadrat

of one sTuare metre was used. Data on the nature of the substratum and area covered by seav;eeds and seagrasses within the quadrat were recorded. Samples collected from the quadrat were sorted, identified and fresh

weight of individual species were notec. Names of alaae found in trace amounts'xvere also noted. 3 seto of her­

baria were prepared for all the seaweeds and acagrasses

occurring different/depths of the central transect and / at 'also for the new species in other transects which had not

come across in the central transect.’ Unidentified algae 'were fixed-in 5% formalin for later identification in the

laboratory,

Hydrobiological data were collected usually .

'at 4.0 metres depth.in the central transect of the sampling stations or at the maximum depth available at the particular station, Water samples from surface and bottom were

collected by using Nansen water sampler. Data on temperature, pH and time of collection were recorded while oollocting

water samples. Plankton samples and bottom sediments were collected and bottom fauna were separated from the

sediment. ' In the laboratory water samples were analysed for dissolved oxygen, salinity and nutrients. Mud samples , were analysed for dissolved minerals and trace elem.ents.

The bottom fauna were identified to the generic level,

■picin'kton samples were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively,

^ A total of 83 species of Algae belonging to 50

^ra from Gulf 6f Ifennar shoreline and 131 species belonging

"2^:.genera frorn.’Gulf of Mannar .Islands and 92 species

belonging to 54 genera from the Palk Bay s h o r e l i n e were

identified.

Magnitude of available resoar.ces

In the present survey an areu of 1944 hectares in the Gulf of i^Iannar shoreline, SS33 hectares in the ^ulf of Mannar Islands and 2S60 hectares in the Palk Bay shore line were

covered. I'he estimated species-wise production of seaweeds for both surveys are given in Tables 1*6. 5he depthwise areas

surveyed are given in Table 7. *he standing crop of Agaropliytes, Alginophytes, edible seaweeds and other algae observed in both surveys are presented in Table B, ^he cen'fiil'ty of distribution of the total algae was on the average ca 1 tonne per beactare v.ith slight variations as shown below:

Production per hectare In Kg

Region First Survey Second Sv.rvey

Gulf of Mannar shoreline 843 738

Gulf of Mannar Islands ■:1r‘ )25 666

Palk Bay shore line 736 S81

Of this the Agarophytes formed about ^C^ of the total in the <^xilf of Mannar shore line, about Sfo in the Gulf of Mannar islands and about 4/^ in the Palk Bay region. 'Ihe Alginopliytes fo;:7ned the dominant component constituting about in ^ulf of Mannar shore line, almost 51^ in the Gulf of Mannar islands and about 34'^ in the Palk Bay shoreline (mean values of the two surveys).

■" The most productive depth zones were between 0 to 1.25 raetres(v,'ith a produclion per hectare-of approximately 231 kg) for the agarophytes and between 0 to 3 metres (with an approximate production per hectare of 556 kg) for alginophytes.

The area with i metre depth affords the maximuin

standing crop for exploitation, ^he total yield from the areas surveyed comprising 14,687 hectares will be about 5,727

tonnes of Alginophytes'and about 1 , 0 3 4 tonnes of

Agarophytes.

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