fJe ;XkoB nkdwh
;zs'y f;zx Xho
P\;hns s/ ouBk
;zs'y f;zx Xho dk iBw 2 d;zpo, 1920 ƒ ;ojzd B/V/, nkgD/ BkBe/ xo, p;h gmkDK fty/ j'fJnk.
T[BQK dk gkbD^g';D BkBfenK s'A E'VQh d{o, nkgD/
dkde/ fgzv vvj/Vh fty/ j'fJnk.
;zs'y f;zx Xho gzikph d/ f;ow"o b/ye ;B.
eftsk, Bktb, b/y, ;|oBkwk s/ ;t?^ihtBh brGr jo ftXk ftZu T[BQK B/ nkgDh ebw ubkJh j?.
;zs'y f;zx Xho ƒ ;kfjs nekdwh fJBkw, ;'thns d/P Bfjo{ fJBkw, e?B/vk ns/ gzikph ;kfjs nekdwh, :{He/H (bzvB) fij/ uofus fJBkwK Bkb
;BwkBs ehsk frnk. nkg 1994 s'A gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk d/ nkihtB
|?b' oj/.
fJe ;XkoB nkdwh
gzikj toQ/ dh T[wo ftu ihT{D/ B/ e[Zs/ d/ th ;'Nh BjhA ;h wkoh ed/, go nZi nukBe T[; d/ jZE'A nkdwh esb j' frnk. j[D T[j v"o^G"o
;h. xkpfonk s/ v?Apfonk.
ft;ky dk wjhBk ;h. eDeK tZYhnK rJhnK ;B. ewkdK ƒ s/ rzfYnK ƒ gkDh d/D d/ fdB ;B. sVe/ d' iK fszB ti/ ihT{D/ B/ pbd y'bQ/ s/ jh;K tkb/ y{j T[s/ ewkd f;zMD nk frnk. nZi T[BQK dh tkoh ;h. Bkb T[; dk S'Nk GkJh puB f;zx th nkfJnk ;h. BZe/ SZvD tk;s/.
y{j fBnkJhA ftu ;h. fgzv dh fcoBh Bkb jh. y{j s'A E'VQh d{o jh,
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE v"o^G"o LxpokfJnk,
p/u?B v?Apfonk Le[M th
;wM Bk nkT[Dk ewkdK LrzB/ d/ y/s f;zMD LgkDh d/Dk BZe/ SZvD LgkDh w'VBk
e'Jh ;" e[ rI d/ |oe Bkb, nekbhnK dk xo ;h s/ ;Zdk f;zx nekbh i' y{j dk fjZ;/dko ;h s/ wzfBnk j'fJnk nVp th, nkgD/ xo d/ ftjV/ ftu vzroK bkr/ fgnk ;h. T[; dk efjDk fJj ;h fe nZi T[BQK dh tkoh j?. ihT{D/
j'ohA y{j Bk i'VB. i/ T[j c/o th i'VBr/ sK T[j nk e/ o'e/rk.
ihT{Dk y{j i'VB bZrk. puB f;zx ejh Bkb ykb ;[nkoB bZr fgnk.
E'VQk^E'VQk d'jK ƒ jh ;Zdk f;zx dk PZe ;h fe T[j o'eD nkt/rk. go T[j d't/A u[Zg ;B.
fNeh, ;[zBh oks ;h. ;Zdk f;zx dk ezB th ;wM' y{j tZb bZrk j'fJnk
;h. jh;K tkb/ y{j T[s/ id y{j i[VB dh ftVe j'Jh sK ;Zdk f;zx ikr fgnk s/ wzi/ T[s'A T[m e/ T[j y{j tZb ƒ s[o fgnk. T[; dk fgzvk Bzrk ;h. f;o s/ g?o th Bzr/ ;B. f;o| fuZNh eZS jh T[; B/ s/V gfjBh j'Jh ;h.
uzB^ukBDh oks ;h. g{oBwkPh bzfxnK ni/ fszB fe uko fdB j'J/ ;B.
ihT{D/ j'oK B/ d/fynk fe ;Zdk f;zx nk fojk j?. PZe sK ;h jh T[BQK ƒ.
T[j ;ktXkB fij/ j' rJ/ s/ Bkb/ e[M^e[M ezpD bZr/. T[BQK ƒ gfjbK jh gsk
;h fe nZi T[j S/V S/V/rk.
ihT{D/ j'ohA Bow ;B. ;Zdk f;zx nZyV. ;oho dk th ;Zdk f;zx Bo'nk ns/ seVk ;h. bzwk eZd, y[ZbQk ftZY, gfjbtkBK tork i[Z;k. ed/, fe;/ IwkB/
ftu, T[j gfjbtkB th fojk ;h. Gkt/A j[D T[j pZ[Yk ;h—;ZmK pkjmK tfoQnK dk—go Sksh j[D th u"Vh s/ v"b/ wZShnK tkb/ ;B. gZNK T[s/ SZbhnK s/
fgziDhnK wIp{s ;B. fujok Gydk bkb ;h. tZv/^tZv/ jZE s/ g?o.
d/yD ftZu ;Zdk f;zx Poh| BIo nkT[Adk ;h. e"V iK bVkek BjhA.
o/p eZS gkT[Adk s/ f;o T[s/ S'Nh fijh ghbh gZr pzBQdk jz[dk. fit/A rzqEh j[zdk j?. r[Nek th T[j gVQdk ofjzdk. fJ; eoe/ b'e T[; ƒ “GkJh ih” th efjzd/
;B. go ikDB tkb/ efjzd/ ;B fe T[; ftu pj[s r[Z;k ;h s/ fBoh nZr dh Bkb ;h. jwhA th ;h T[jd/ ftu. T[; ƒ nkgDh skes dk s/ d/j dk pj[s wkD ;h. fiE/ th nV iKdk ;h, nkgDh fjzv g[rkT[Adk ;h. Gkt/A nkgDh }bsh j[zdh.
j[D sK c/o th xZN ;h, i[nkBh gfjo/ pj[s ;h. id'A ukj/, fi; dk woIh, y{j S[vtk fdzdk ;h. i[V/ pbd y[bQtk fdzdk. fe;/ dh skes BjhA ;h fe T[;
d/ ;kjwD/ j[s eo ikt/. ;ko/ T[; s'A vod/ ;B.
fezBh tkoh ihT{D/ dk jh T[; B/ y{j S[vtkfJnk ;h s/ i[V/ pbd y[bQkJ/
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
nVp LfIZdh
i'VB LubkT[D
ykb Ly/s ’u
pDkJh gkDh dh Bkbh
ftVe LnktkI
fgzvk L;oho
S/V S/V/rk LPokos eo/rk
nZyV LwB woIh
eoB tkbk
Bo'nk Lskesto
ftZY L;oho dk
c?bkn
pkjmK L62 dk
nKeVk e"V Le"V/ (nVp)
;[Gkt tkbk
o/p LGhVh
nZr dh Bkb Lpj[s s/I
d/j L;oho
fjzv LfIZd
gfjo/ L;w/A
j[s Lp'b ikt/
;B. ihT{Dk vo e/ u[Zg eo iKdk. e'Jh th p'bdk BjhA ;h. ;Zdk f;zx dk fJe soQK Bkb SZgk p?fmnk j'fJnk ;h.
;Zdk f;zx ƒ nkT[Adk d/y puB f;zx th ykb SZv e/ y{j T[s/ nk frnk ;h. ejh T[; d/ e'b ;h. d't/A th T[j ;Zdk f;zx d/ ;kjwD/ ;wM' j/u ;B.
;Zdk f;zx s[odk^s[odk y{j d/ B/V/ nk frnk s/ nkT[Adk jh T[j nkyD bZrk L
“y{j Bk ubkfJU pJh `” T[; dk p'b vKNtK s/ sVQh Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk ;h.
“feT[A Bk ubkJhJ/ y{j HHH<” ihT{D/ j'ohA nkyD bZr/. vo ns/ xpokjN Bkb T[j XZe^XZe eo oj/ ;B.
“p;, w?A E'ƒ efj ’sk. y{j Bk ubkfJU nZi. nZi ;kvh tkoh n?.”
“E'vh pkoh feE/ j? ` nZi ;kvh pkoh n? `”
“p;, w?A E'ƒ efj ’sk. y{j Bk ubkfJU.”
“nk frnk fJj BkY{ yK HHH” ihT{D/ j'ohA p[Vp[VkJ/.
pbd i[V/ yVQ/ ;B. sd/ pbd jZeD bJh ihT{D/ B/ fNuekoh wkoh.
;Zdk f;zx T[;/ ;w/A pbdK nZr/ nk frnk s/ Sksh skD yb' frnk L “ubkU fet/A ubkT[B/ UA `” T[; B/ okj o'e fbnk.
;Zdk f;zx, nkokw Bkb, YkeK T[s/ jZE oZyhA, pbdK nZr/ yVQk ;h. T[;
dk g/N tfXnk s/ r'v/ sD/ j'J/ ;B i' o/p eZS dhnK w{johnK EZb/ T[; ƒ u[Zeh yVQ/ ;B. f;o E'VQk rzik ;h i' uzB^ukBDh oks ftu uweK wko fojk
;h. g?oK EZb/ SK ;h, go fJj SK ;Zdk f;zx ƒ BIo BjhA nk ojh ;h, feT[Afe Sksh sDh s/ X"D T[~Goh j'Jh ;h. ekbh^fuZNh oks ftu T[j fJT[A BIo nk fojk ;h fit/A d?As yb'sk j't/.
ihT{D/ j'ohA nkyD bZr/ L
“GkJh ih, sz{ ufbnk ik, y{j Bk ;kvk vZe sz{, n;hA bVkJh BQhA eoBk ukjz[d/.” vo ns/ ewI'oh Bkb T[j T[~uh p'b oj/ ;B.
“p"bd y'bQ' p"bd nkgD/. w?A BQhA ikDdk pj[shnK rZbK.”
“fejVk ybQkT{ p"bd ;kv/ HHH.”
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
SZgk LdfjPs
j/u Ls[S
sVQh Lo'jp
E'vh Ls[jkvh
BkY{ Lu"Xoh
jZeD Ls'oB
fNuekoh Lpbd s'oB bJh ntkI eZYDh Sksh skD L;hBk skD
YkeK Lewo
w{johnK Lgj[zu/
vZe Lo'e
p"bd Lpbd
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
fGVk LNeokn
dpekJ/ LvokJ/
nV yb'D LfNe ;eD
s[odk Lubdk
ybQko Lo'e
j?AeV Lx[wzv
;kT{ LPoh|
nZr pr{bk Lr[Z;/ ’u nkT[Dk uzvkb Lr[Z;/ ftZu
y|k j'Dk x[w/NDh LuZeo cKe^cKe LN[eV/^N[eV/
J/eD LfJ; soQK
bZE^gZE Lbj{ Bkb fbpV ikDk sshohnK LXkoK, fBPkB SkJhA^wkJhA LrkfJp X"b LXZe/
XZc/ LXZe/
j/o^c/o Lu[;s^
ubkehnK tkjDk LubkT[Dk r'vh Lozp/ iK
y[ogh nkfd Bkb |;b ftu'A eZy nkfd eZYD/
MZyV^MKik Lw[;hpsK
“w?A ybQkT{A w?A—ihjB/ nZr/ ybQkJ/ B/.”
;Zdk f;zx ;'Nh se th b? e/ BjhA nkfJnk ;h. Bk jh T[; ƒ b'V ;h.
ihT{D/ j'oK d'jK ƒ T[j ;wMdk jh eh ;h < ykXh ghsh o'Nh. i/ T[j ukj[zdk, d'jK ƒ jh f;o fGVk e/ wko fdzdk. nZr/ T[jB/ fezBh tkoh T[j dpekJ/ j'J/
;B. T[BQK dh skes eh ;h fe T[; d/ ;kjwD/ nV yb'D < T[; ƒ nkgDh skes T[s/ g{ok^g{ok Go';k ;h.
ihT{D/ j'ohA ;Zdk f;zx d/ d[yh ehs/ gJ/ ;B. o'I szr eodk s/ s[odk ezw ybQko fdzdk. oZp jh pfDnk j'fJnk ;h. ;Zdk f;zx B/ j?AeV Bkb p'b jh wz{j'A eZfYnk ;h fe bZy ;kT{nK dk ;kT{ ihT{Dk nZr pr{bk j' frnk s/
vo dh nzBQh Pesh Bkb ekbk efjo pD frnk. T[; B/ ejh u[Zeh s/ fpibh torh skes Bkb ;Zdk f;zx d/ f;o ftu wkoh. “y{j S[vkT{ ;kvk fJj ` p"bd y'bQ' p"bd `” T[j dzd eohu fojk ;h s/ bZyK^eo'VK ;ZgK fizBh Ifjo Bkb Go frnk ;h. j[D T[j fJe uzvkb ;h. T[; dhnK nZyK bN^bNk e/ ekbh nZr pD rJhnK ;B.
ejh tZiD ;ko jh ;Zdk f;zx xw/NDh yk e/ Xosh T[s/ fvr fgnk. gkDh th T[; wzfrnk BjhA. T[; dk f;o \op{I/ tKrz{ cKe^cKe j' frnk ;h. ejh J/eD tZih ;h fit/A fe T[j f;o ftu BjhA, fwZNh d/ GKv/ ftu tZih j't/ ` fuZeV tKrz{ T[; dk fujok bZE^gZE j' frnk ;h. bj{ dhnK sshohnK T[;
dh fuZNh eZS se gj[zu rJhnK.
fJe gb bJh ihT{D/ ƒ nzsK dh s;Zbh j'Jh. T[; dk wB y[P ;h. go nrb/ gb jh fJj s;Zbh SkJhA^wkJhA j'D bZrh. T[; ƒ nk; jh BjhA ;h fe T[; s'A fJj j' ikt/rk. T[; B/ ejh ;Zdk f;zx ƒ wkoB bJh BjhA wkoh
;h, ;fji^;[Gk jh wkoh ;h. X"b tKr iK XZ|/ tKr. go T[j J/eD tZih fe
;Zdk f;zx wo frnk s/ Xosh T[s/ fvr fgnk. j[D T[j wfonk fgnk ;h.
T[; d/ jZE'A esb j'fJnk `
ihT{Dk fJe f;ZXk^;kdk ns/ ;kXkoB iZN ;h. j/o^c/o iK br^brkU T[;
ƒ BjhA nkT[Ad/ ;B. whAj dh ;[Zuh eDh tKr, fijVh ni/ nzpo d/ ftueko jh yVQh j[zdh j?, T[; dk fdb gftZso ;h. T[; ƒ fJj' gsk ;h fe nzB g?dk eoB bJh jb fet/A tkjDk iK r'vh fet/A eoBh j?. |;b T[~rh d/y e/ T[j
\[P j'D tkbk s/ MZyV^MKik d/y e/ T[j d[yh j'D tkbk ;h. i/ e'Jh d[y iK
;[y j[zdk sK tkfjr[o{ ƒ :kd eodk.
MrV/ ns/ bVkJh^|;kd T[; ƒ p[o/ bZrd/ ;B. fiE'A se j[zdk, T[j fJBQK rZbK s'A d{o ofjzdk. feT[Afe T[; ƒ gsk ;h fe MrVk p[ok j[zdk j?. bVkJh dk wz{j ekbk j?. fiE/ bVkJh jz[dh j?, xV/ gkDh BjhA ofjzdk.
fiE/ ihT{Dk bVkJh s'A iK j'o rZbK s'A vodk ;h, T[E/ T[; ƒ g[fb; s'A th pj[s vo bZrdk ;h. T[; B/ ;[fDnk j'fJnk ;h fe g[fb; p[oh j[zdh j?. ;Zu/ ns/ M{m/ ƒ th g[fb; BjhA d/ydh. g[fb; bJh ;Zuk ns/ M{mk fJe^
pokpo j?.
c/o, T[; ƒ gsk ;h, g[fb; id'A e[ZNdh j? sK wZeh tKrz{ e[ZNdh j?. wko^
wko e/ nkdwh d/ jZv GzBQ/ iKd/ s/ c{; T[vkJ/ iKd/ jB. wzi/ j/mK jZE d/ e/
T[s/ pzd/ p?md/ s/ T[; ƒ d[Zy fdzd/ jB. ed/ wzik bkT[Ad/ s/ ed/ T[; d/
e/; pzBQ e/ SZs Bkb Nzr fdzd/ jB. g?oK dhnK sbhnK ftu p?As wko/ iKd/
s/ Bj[znK ftu ;{JhnK iK fgzB u'G/ iKd/ jB. pZeok th e;kJh e'b J/Bk d[yh BjhA j[zdk, fizBk pzdk g[fb; e'b.
y{j s'A E'VQh d{o jh fJe eDe dk ybtkVk ;h. ihT{Dk T[E'A d"fVnk s/
eDe d/ ybtkV/ ftu GkoK T[jb/ b[e frnk. fJE/ T[j wfj|{i ;h. e'Jh BjhA
;h d/ydk `
go, ihT{Dk nrb/ gb jh EZb^gEZb j' frnk. T[; ƒ u?B BjhA ;h. T[;
ƒ nkgD/ uko^u[c/o/ g[fb; jh g[fb; fdZ;D bZrh. g[fb; id'A nkT[Adh j? sK gZsk^gZsk SkDdh s/ yz{ik^yz{ik N'Ajdh j?. pzdk Gkt/A fes/ j't/, g[fb; Gkb b?Adh j?. ihT{Dk T[E'A T[fmnk s/ c/o pkjo nk frnk. ybtkV/ ftu b[fenk T[j ;G ƒ BIo nkT[Adk ;h.
T[E'A E'VQh d{o jh PjhdK tkbk y{j ;h. ihT{Dk T[E'A s[fonk s/ tZYK ftu'A d"Vdk PjhdK tkb/ nk frnk.
PjhdK tkb/ y{j T[s/ fJe u[Zxh pDh j'Jh ;h. u[Zxh ekch vz{xh
;h. nkw eoe/ u[Zxh ftu gkDh iwQK ofjzdk ;h. go nZi T[j
\kbh ;h. E'VQk^pj[s fuZeV iK fJZNK tZN/ j'Dr/. ihT{Dk J/Bk xkpfonk s/ J/Bk vfonk j'fJnk
;h fe nkgDk nkg b[ekT[D
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE xV/ gkDh
BjhA ofjzdk Le[M BjhA pudk c{; T[vkJ/ Lxkj
fyzfvnk
e/; Lf;o d/ tkb
u'G/ Lu[GkJ/
ybtkVk LT[j EK fiE/ dkD/
fJeZm/ ehs/
iKd/ jB wfjc{i L;[oZfyns,
mhe^mke gZsk^gZsk
SkDdh Ljo EK
bZGDk yz{ik^yz{ik Ljo EK tZYK LeZNh j'Jh
|;b tkb/
y/s
u[Zxh Lj"dh, u[pZuk
bJh T[j u[Zxh ftu jh pfj frnk s/ u[Zxh ftu jh g{oh soQK wfj|{I ;wMD bZr fgnk. jkbKfe fJj }bs ;h. u[Zxh ftu p?mk pzdk ;kc BIo nkT[Adk
;h. nkdwh d/ BjkT[D bJh jh u[Zxh pDh j'Jh ;h. pj[sh vz{xh BjhA ;h.
go, ihT{Dk u[Zxh ftu th EZb^gEZb j'D bZrk. fJj th mhe BjhA ;h.
fJE/ th T[j b[fenk j'fJnk iK wfjc{I BjhA ;h, ;G ƒ BIo nkT[Adk ;h.
y{j d/ fpoS^p{N/ T[; ƒ ofj^ofj e/ x{o oj/ ;B s/ T[; ƒ fxoDk eod/
;B. y{j th, Gkt/A u[Zg ;h, go ;koh rZb s'A tkfe| ;h. fNzvK th s/ gkVSk th ;koh rZb s'A ikDz{ ;B. u[Zg^u[ghsh fNeh oks th ;koh rZb dh G/sD ;h.
nzpo T[s/ sko/ th, i' NZ;^NZ; eo oj/ ;B, ;kok e[M jh ikDd/ s/ ;r'A w[;eokT[Ad/ ;B. uzB ƒ ;kok gsk ;h.
nk\o ihT{Dk u[Zxh ftu th PKs j' e/ pfj Bk ;fenk. MZN jh pkjo nk frnk. j[D ihT{Dk feE/ ikt/ < T[; ƒ gsk BjhA ;h.
fizBk fuo oks ;h, ihT{Dk ;wM fojk ;h, jo e'Jh T[; ƒ d/ydk s/ T[;
dk fgZSk eodk j?. id'A ;t/o j'Jh s/ gZpK Gko T[~uk j' e/ ;{oi T[; tZb d/yD bZrk, ihT{Dk ;'uD bZrk fe j[D T[j b[fenk j'fJnk j?. d[Bhnk ftu e'Jh th j[D T[; ƒ BjhA d/ydk. ihT{Dk xo nkfJnk s/ nk e/ J/eD pfj frnk fit/A |;b f;zi e/ iK r'vh eoe/ nkfJnk j't/. j[D T[j fpbe[b mhe
;h. T[; d/ nzdo g{oh^g{oh u?B BIo nk ojh ;h.
go fJj u?B, n;b ftu, p/u?BhnK dh f;\o ;h. T[; d/ wB dhnK sfjnK ftu s{|kB nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. f;o| ;sfj u[Zg ;h. T[; B/ gZr T[skoh s/ ezxk eoBk P[o{ ehsk. c/o gZr T[skoh s/ c/o e/; tkj[D bZrk.
tko^tko ihT{Dk gZr T[skodk s/ e/; tkj[zdk. T[; d/ wB ftu nZuth iK nrBh bZrh j'Jh ;h. bkNK GVe ojhnK ;B. fezBh tko ihT{D/ B/ w[V^w[V nkgD/ e/; tkj/. T[; ƒ N/e BjhA ;h. gko/ tKrz{ T[; dk wB nPKs iK ftnke[b ;h.
ihT{Dk o'Nh ykD bZrk. g?oK Gko p?mk T[j J/eD o'Nh yKdk ;h fit/A j[D T[j fJE/ BjhA, j'o jh d[Bhnk ftu ;h. pNo^pNo sZedk T[j nkgD/ wz{j ftu nZb^gNZb p[oehnK gk fojk ;h. T[; dhnK nZyK nKfvnK tKrz{ rbh tZb fbPe ojhnK ;B.
ihT{D/ nzdo ;Zu s/ M{m x'o :[ZX eo oj/ ;B. ;Zu T[; ƒ nkgD/ tZb s/ M{m nkgD/ tZb fyZudk. ihT{Dk d[fpXk ftu ;h. ;r'A T[; B/ ;Zu s'A nkgDk n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
EZb^gEZb Lpd^jtk;
fxoDk LB|os
tkfe| LikD{
fNzvK Ly{j ’u'A gkDh eZYD tkb/ vZp/, posB
gkVSk Lfi; ftu
fNzvK dk gkDh fvrdk j?
G/sD LikD{
NZ;^NZ; Luwe oj/
gZpK Gko
T[~uk LfJE/ fdB uVQB dk Gkt f;zi e/ LgkDh d/ e/
u?B LPKsh
sfjnK LX[o nzdo
;sfj LT[go'A nZuth Lp/u?Bh
N/e Lnkokw, u?B
ftnke[b Lp/u?B nZb^gNZb Lp/soshp x'o :[ZX LfGnkBe bVkJh d[fpXk Ld[fuZsh
wz{j G[nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. ;Zu p/PZe uzrk s/ UVe fiZsD tkbk ;h, go T[;
ƒ M{m uzrk s/ bkj/tzdk fd;dk ;h. fezB/ b'ehA M{m p'b e/ ;k| poh j' iKd/
jB. ;Zu/ wko/ iKd/ s/ M{m/ SZv/ iKd/ jB. T[; ƒ ;k| gsk ;h fe T[; B/
esb ehsk j?l T[; dk fdb efjzdk ;h fe T[; B/ esb ehsk j?l go T[j fJ; ;ZukJh e'b'A d{o BZ;Dk ukjz[dk s/ M{mk j[zdk j'fJnk th T[j ;Zuk j'Dk ukjz[dk
;h. T[; ƒ M{m uzrk s/ ;Zu p[ok bZrdk ;h. ;Zu T[; tZb wz{j nZv e/ MZcD ƒ nk fojk ;h. M{m PoB fdzdk ;h. ihT{Dk nkgDh fet/A Bk fet/A ikB pukT[Dh ukj[zdk ;h.
go, d[yKs fJj ;h fe ihT{Dk uzrk pzdk ;h. M{m Bkb T[j pj[sk fuo r[Ikok BjhA eo ;edk ;h. ;{bh T[s/ Nzfrnk th T[j J/Bk d[Zy wfj;{; Bk eodk, fizBk T[; ƒ j[D ;h. T[; dk fdb c'V/ tKrz{ NZ;^NZ; eo fojk ;h.
nk\o c'Vk c[ZfNnk s/ T[; ƒ e[M nkokw nkfJnk. Nh;h T[s/ gj[zu e/ id ghVK f;yoK S[jD bZrhnK, ihT{D/ dk wz{j Gzftnk s/ ;Zu d/ gk;/ j' frnk. ihT{Dk p[Vp[VkT[D bZfrnk L “w?A wkfon?, w?A wkfon?, w[Zeodk BjhA, w?A wkfon? `” tko^tko T[j nkg^w[jkok fJj' nkydk iKdk ;h. T[; d/ fdb ƒ jbeh^jbeh mzY wfj;{; j' ojh ;h.
nkf\o g[fb; nkJh s/ T[; ƒ cV e/ b? rJh. jZEeVhnK ftu pZMk id g[fb; nZr/ s[odk ihT{Dk EkD/ tZb ik fojk ;h, sd th fJj efj fojk ;h L
“w?A wkfon?, w??A wkfon?, w[Zeodk BQhA, w?A wkfon? `”
T[; dhnK nZyK j"bh^j"bh uwedko j' ojhnK ;B.
fN~gDh
fJ; ejkDh ftZu ihT{Dk fJZe ;kXkoB nkdwh ;h. T[; dh T[wo gzikj
;kb ;h. gzikj ;kb dh T[wo se T[; B/ ed/ e[Zs/ d/ th ;'Nh BjhA ;h wkoh.
go nukBe T[; d/ jZE'A nkdwh dk esb j' frnk. ft;ky dk wjhBk ;h.
eDeK dh eNkJh j' u[Zeh ;h. ewkdK s/ rzfYnK ƒ gkDh d/D d/ fdB ;B.
ihT{D/ ns/ nekbh ;Zdk f;zx dk y{j ;KMk ;h. ihT{Dk ns/ T[; dk Gok puB f;zx y{j i'VB bZrk sK y{j dk fjZ;/dko ;Zdk f;zx T[BQK ƒ o'eD bJh nk frnk. ukBDh oks ;h. ;Zdk f;zx Bzr/ fgzv/ jh wzi/ s'A T[~m e/ y{j tZb nk frnk ;h. ;Zdk f;zx dk gfjbtkBK tork ;oho ;h. ihT{D/ d/ pbd i[V/ yVQ/
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE G[nkfJnk Lc/fonk
UVe Lnkfyoeko
bkj/tzdk LckfJd/tkbk poh LS[ZN ikDk MZcD Le[M efjD,
ykD ƒ g?Dk c'V/ tKrz{ Lu[ZGthA ghV
tKr Gzftnk Lx[zfwnk,
w[fVnk nkg^w[jkok LnkgD/ nkg w[Zeodk LfJBeko
pZMk LiefVnk
j'fJnk
;B. ;Zdk f;zx pbdK nZr/ yVQk j' frnk ;h. ihT{Dk efj fojk ;h fe y{j ubkT[D dh nZi w/oh tkoh j?. go ;Zdk f;zx efj fojk ;h fe nZi T[; dh tkoh j?. d'jK fXoK ftZu MrVk tXdk ik fojk ;h. T[j fJe d{i/ ƒ XZe/ wkoB/
P[o{ j' rJ/ ;B. ;Zdk f;zx gfjbK th eJh tko ihT{D/ j'oK ƒ szr eo u[Zek
;h. r[Z;k uzvkb jz[dk j?. ihT{D/ e'b ejh ;h fi; Bkb T[; B/ ;Zdk f;zx s/
tko eo fdZsk. ejh f;o ftZu tZih s/ ;Zdk f;zx bj{ Bkb bZE^gZE j' e/ Xosh
’s/ fvZr fgnk s/ wo frnk. ihT{D/ d/ jZE'A esb j' frnk ;h. ihT{Dk gfjbK fJZe ;kXkoB nkdwh ;h i' bVkJh ns/ g[fb; s'A pj[s vodk ;h. j[D T[;
ƒ M{m uzrk s/ ;Zu p[ok bZrdk ;h. ihT{Dk fJZe uzrk pzdk ;h. ihT{D/ s'A ;Zu S[gkfJnk Bk frnk s/ ;Zu d/ gk;/ j' frnk, “w?A wkfon?, w?A wkfon?, w[Zeodk BjhA, w?A wkfon? `” fJ; ejkDh ftZu fJZe ;kXkoB ftnesh e'b'A esb j' ikD T[gozs ;Zu s/ M{m ftueko ePweP dh wkBf;esk ƒ fusfonk frnk j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) ihT{Dk gfjbK fej' fijk nkdwh ;h <
(ii) fBnkJhA tkb/ y{j d/ fjZ;/dko e"D e"D ;B <
(iii) ihT{D/ d/ Gok dk eh BK ;h <
(iv) ;Zdk f;zx dh w"s fe; y/sh d/ ;zd Bkb j'Jh <
(v) ihT{D/ ƒ g[fb; feT[A cV e/ b? rJh ;h <
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i) gb Go dk r[Z;k fIzdrh ƒ popkd eo ;edk j?. fJ; s'A puD bJh eh e[M ehsk ik ;edk j? < ftuko g/P eo'.
(ii) eh s[jkƒ ed/ r[Z;k nkfJnk j? < T[; r[Z;/ ekoB s[jkvk iK fe;/
j'o dk e'Jh B[e;kB th j'fJnk j? < nfijh jkbs ƒ nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.
(iii) y/sK ftZu j[D y{j BjhA oj/. fJBQK dh EK f;zikJh d/ j'o ;kXB gqXkB j' rJ/ jB. fJZe ukoN okjhA f;zikJh d/ ;kXBK dh ftek;
:ksok do;kT[.
(iv) fe;kB d/ ihtB pko/ s[;hA eh ikDd/ j' < T[; tZb'A ehs/ ikD tkb/
ezwK ns/ ;zdK d/ fuZsoK Bkb t/otk g/P eod/ j'J/ fJZe gq'i?eN fsnko eo'.
(v) eh s[;hA ed/ M{m p'fbnk j? < fJ; Bkb Pofwzdrh dk ;kjwDk eoBk fgnk j't/rk. gSskt/ Gfonk fJZe b/y fby'.
nH j/m fby/ PpdK ƒ P[~X eoe/ fby' L (i) e/jVk HHH
(ii) eBe HHH (iii) n'jbk HHH (iv) g?bQtkB HHH (v) ;ktdkB HHH (vi) ;?ji HHH (vii) ftnkeb HHH (viii) Mrvk HHH (ix) eZvDk HHH (x) wzxDk HHH
JH j/m fbfynK ft~u'A ftP/PD u[D' L
(i) ihT{Dk fJZe ;kXkoB ftnesh ;h.
(ii) ;Zdk f;zx nZyV ;[Gkn dk wkbe ;h.
(iii) T[; dhnK nZyK bN bNke/ ekbh nZr pD rJhnK ;B.
(iv) esb eoB wro'A ihT{Dk pj[s fInkdk fuzsk eoB bZr fgnk.
(v) T[E'A E'VQh d{o jh PjhdK tkbk y{j ;h.
;H j/m fby/ tkeK ft~u tos/ rJ/ gVBktK dhnK fe;wK d~;' L (i) fe;/ IwkB/ ftZu T[j gfjbtkB fojk ;h.
(ii) w?A d/yz{rk fe w/o/ pbd e"D y[bQkT[rk <
(iii) ejh bZrD ;ko jh T[j xw/NDh yk e/ IwhB T[~s/ fvZr fgnk.
(iv) ;Zdk f;zx B/ fejk p; s[jkƒ efjsk nZi y{j Bk ubkfJU.
(v) nk\o c'Vk c[ZfNnk s/ T[; ƒ e[M nkokw nkfJnk.
jH beho/ PpdK d/ ekoeK dh gSkD eo' L (i) ihT{Dk y{j ubkT[Adk j?.
(ii) ihT{D/ B/ ;Zdk f;zx ƒ ejh Bkb wkfonk.
(iii) ihT{Dk g[fb; s'A puD bJh b[e frnk.
(iv) ;Zdk f;zx B/ fejk nZi w/oh tkoh j?.
(v) ihT{Dk b[eD bJh u[Zxh ftu p?m frnk.
eH j/m fby/ w[jktfonK d/ noE d~; e/ tke pDkT[ L
nZr dh Bkb, bZE gZE j'Dk, nZr pr{bk j'Dk, gZsk^gZsk SkBDk
gqd/; Bk sz{ s'ohA pkpbk
pzs f;zx u~mk
P\;hns s/ ouBk
pzs f;zx uZmk dk iBw 4 wJh, 1947 ƒ fgzv G[Zu'A ebK, fIbQk pfmzvk, gzikp fty/ fgsk dbhg f;zx d/ xo wksk r[od/t e"o dh eZ[y'A j'fJnk. T[j fJZe gqf;ZX rbgeko jB. T[BQK d/ ejkDh^;zrqfj jB—
‘r[bkp d/ c[Zb’, ‘sz{ M{m p'fbnk ;h’, ‘Pfjo Bk ikj’, ‘d[gfjo/ Yfbnk ;{[oi’ ns/ ‘rzXb/ gkDh’.
T[BQK B/ Bktb th fby/ jB, fit/A—‘Bdh tfjzdh
ojh’, ‘jB/oh oks d/ sko/’ s/ ‘fszB e[VhnK’. ‘;[ji ;t/ok’ T[BQK dh ;t?^ihtBh j?. uZmk B/ b/yK dh f;oiBk th ehsh j?. ‘XhnK fpBK BjhA shnK’ T[BQK dh tkose g[;se j?. fJ; ouBk^gqfefonk dh pd"bs T[BQK ƒ pj[s ;ko/
wkD^;BwkB fwb u[Ze/ jB.
gqd/; Bk sz{ s'ohA pkpbk
w?A th T[BQK wkfgnK torh ;'u dk XkoBh ;h i' nkgD/ w[zv/^e[VhnK ƒ gqd/; s'o e/ nkgD/ gfotko ƒ nkofEe s"o s/ y[Pjkb t/yDk ukj[zd/ jB.
w/oh Xh okDh B/ n?~wHJ/H eoe/ phHn?~vH th eo bJh ;h. nkgD/ d/P ftZu XhnK dh p/o[Irkoh ƒ t/y e/ w/oh gsBh B/ w?ƒ ;bkj fdZsh fe^“nkgK th okDh bJh e'Jh ftd/P frnk w[zvk bZG e/ fJ; ƒ ijkI ;Zs^;w[zdo'A gko jh uVQk d/JhJ/. nkj nkgK o'I jh \poK gVQd/ ;[Dd/ jK fe Y/o ;koh iwksK gVQhnK e[VhnK nkgDh jh o'Nh^o'Ih bJh p/o[Irko j'JhnK fcodhn?. id'A T[j ;w/A dhnK ;oekoK s'A B"eohnK wzrdhnK sK T[BQK ƒ g[fb; tZb'A vKrK
Bkb e[ZfNnk iKd?. u"eK ftZu XoB/^w[IQko/ eodhnK dhnK r[ZsK gZNhnK iKdhn?A.
bZsK^pkjK s'A cVQe/ xVhf;nk iKd?. eJh tkoh p/o[Irko e[VhnK dk ’eZm gkDh tkbhnK N?AehnK s/ uVQ e/ nksw^jZfsnktK eoB bJh wIp{o j' iKd?. nkgD/
nkg ƒ nZrK ftZu th ;kV b?Adhn?A. w?A sK E'ƒ n?; vo'A efjzBh fe n?Bh gVQk fbyk e/ fes/ e[Vh s'A jZE Bk X' bJhJ/.”
fJZSk sK Gkt/A w/oh gfjbK th ;h. j[D nkj gsBh dh vokT[Dh fijh rZb
;[D e/ w/ok th gZek wB pD frnk ;h. w?A ;'funk fe n?Bh ;'jDh s/ gVQh, fbyh w/oh Xh ƒ ftd/P b? e/ ikD s'A Gbk e'Jh fet/A BKj eo{. w/oh Xh s/
dkI ƒ t/y e/ nrb/ feT[A SZvDr/ fJj foPsk.
;' fJ; ftuko ƒ b? e/ w?A ns/ gsBh B/ gZek fJokdk pDk fbnk ;h fe e[Vh gqd/; G/i e/ jh ;kvh fJ; ;wki ftu PkB^P"es pD/rh. j[D id'A th e'Jh w[zvk eB/vk, nwohek iK fe;/ j'o d/; s'A nkT[Adk sK n;hA g?o i[Zsh Bk gkT[Ad/. nzrbh^;zrbh T[BQK Bkb eZY e/ nrb/ d/ nZr/^fgZS/ fcod/. j[D ;kvh fJZSk bkbu ftu th pdb rJh ;h fe nkgDh bVeh dk ftnkj gqd/; rJ/
bVe/ Bkb eo d/Dk. sK e[Vh d/ ftnkj fgZS'A n;hA ;kok NZpo jh ftd/PK ftu ;?~N j' iktKr/. w?A ns/ w/o/ w[zv/ T[E/ pkjo ikD dh y[Ph ftu ;ko/ NZpo dh oksK dh BhAd T[~v rJh ;h. j[D ;kƒ ;kvh okDh Xh e'oz{ dk \IkBk bZr ojh ;h. j[D sK T[E/ ik e/ p;^gzvK pzBD dh ekjb jh sK ;h.
j[D w?A T[BQK b'eK dh Gkb eoe/ fwZso pBkT[D dh e'fPP eodk fiBQK d/
g[Zs iK foPs/ ftZu'A gqd/; rJ/ j'J/ ;B. T[BQK dh ukgb{;h eodk. Iwho wko e/ th w?A T[BQK d/ bJh ‘nDukj/’ ezw eodk. w?ƒ c/o Pow th ekdh ;h id'A w/oh ;zr jh bfj rJh ;h. w?A j[D T[BQK b'eK iK nKY^r[nKY dh skfpnkdkoh th eodk fiBQK dh w?A ed/ fgZm sK eh wz{j th BjhA t/fynk ;h.
;kv/ gfotko ftZu fBZs dhnK fenk;^okJhnK eoe/ fdwkr ftZu fJjh
‘ehVk’ y'v gk fojk ;h. ed'A ;kvh okDh ijkI uVQ/. fco n;hA th fdBK s/ wjhfBnK ftZu ekrs^gZuo pDk e/ T[Xo ekoK ’s/ M{N/ b?Ad/ n?; ‘;[yh’ ihtB s'A S[Nekok gk btKr/. go okDh Xh Bkb n;hA ed/ e'Jh rZb ;KMh Bk eod/. gsk BjhA ;kƒ T[; s'A feT[A e'Jh ‘G?n’ fijk brdk.
fJe fdB nDh^gNZe/ eB/vk ftZu'A ftnkj eotkT[D bJh w[zvk gzikp nkfJnk. GZi^BZm eoe/ f;|koPK Bkb n;hA T[BQK sZe gj[zu ehsh. w?A fe;/
fwZso ƒ b? e/ T[BQK d/ doQK ’s/ gj[zfunk sK T[; ekek ih ƒ t/ye/ w/ok wB n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
xVhf;nk Lx;hfNnk
E'ƒ Ls[jkƒ
g?o iZ[sh Bk gkT[Ad/ LS/sh eod/
nzrbh^;zrbh LfoPs/dkoh,
;ke^;ehoh e'o{z dk \IkBk Lpj[s tZvk
\IkBk gzvK pzBQD LtX/o XB
ewkT[D ekdh Lfe; rZb dh
;zr LPow
skfpnkdkoh LnXhBrh, efjDk wzBDk nKY^r[nKY dhL nk;^gk;
iK w[jZb/ d/
b'eK dh fenk;^okJhnKL nzdkIk
bkT[Dk
fBZs Lo[IkBk
ehVk Lbkbu
y'v Lw'oh eoBk
ekrs^gZuo Lg/go, d;skt/I
;[yh Ld[yh
G?n Lvo
nDh^gNZe/ LnukBe GZi^BZm LfwjBs doQK LdotkI/,
dfbjhI
eZuk fijk j' frnk. p; T[;
php/ bVe/ dh T[wo ukbh e[
tfoQnK dh ni/ w;K jh j'Jh j'Dh n?. w?A sK t/y e/ u[Zg jh fojk. w/ok fwZso T[BQK d/ xo tkfbnK Bkb w/o/ xo dh ns/
e[Vh dh tfvnkJh eodk ‘;"dk’
sfj eoe/ rZb w[ekT[D dh th ekjbh eo fojk ;h.
w?A T[;ƒ gk;/ fbik e/ e[Vh ns/ w[zv/ dh T[wo dk fdB^oks dk |oe dZf;nk. T[;B/ w?ƒ ;wMkfJnk fe, “t/y :ko sz{ sK iwK Jh ewb?. nZi^eZbQ gzskbh ;kbK dh th e'Jh tZvh T[wo j[zdh n?. gqd/;h rJ/ w[zfvnK dhnK T[woK sK n? Jh bzx iKdhn?.”
T[;dh nkj ukbh s'A gzskbh ;kb dh rZb ;[D w/ok fujok ghbk g? frnk
;h. w?A T[;ƒ BKj eo fdZsh ;h. fwZso w/o/ f;o nfj;kB eodk j[D efj fojk ;h, “:ko ` sz{ feZdB dk w?ƒ sgk fojk ;h. i/ w?A j[D J/BQK Bkb gZeh rZb eoh ikBK sK sz{ nkj T[wo dk ckBK vQksk. n?A sK ;G rZbK w/b BhA yKdhnK j[zdhnK. j[D sz{ BzBk Bk gk. w?A sK J/BQK Bkb ;koh rZb sfj eoe/
gZeh jK jh eosh n?.”
T[;dh dpkn tkbh rZb j/m w?A dp e/ ofj frnk ;h. w?A w{zj'A e[S Bk p'fbnk.
T[; fwZso B/ T[BQK wz[v/ tkfbnK ƒ w/o/ xo nkT[D dk ;Zdk d/ fdZsk. Pkw ƒ xo nk e/ w?A nkgDh gsBh Bkb rZb ehsh fe w[zv/ dh T[wo gzskbh^gzikj
;kbK ƒ Y[Zeh j'Jh n?. nkgK rZb n?E/ jh mZg d/JhJ/. pE/o/ w[zv/ j'o fwb ikDr/. w?A rZb tXk e/ dZ;h.
gsBh B/ w/oh rZb ƒ Bk r"bd/ j'J/ fejk^“pkjo rJ/ w[zfvnK dhnK T[woK sK s[od/ fcofdnK dh bzx jh iKdhnK. nkj nkgDh okDh dh T[wo th sK j[D gZuh dh j'i{ n?; dhtkbh ƒ.”
w?A r[Z;/ Bkb fejk, “feZE/ gZuh s/ feZE/ gzikj. s?ƒ J/; T[wo dk coe Jh BhA brdk fes/ < nkgK feT[A Xh ƒ y{j ’u XZek fdzB/ nK. e[Vh B/
T[jd/ Bkb uko fdB BhA eZND/ T[E/ ik e/. c/o nkgK Jh nZyK ’u x;z[B d/
e/ o'tKr/ fgZS'A.”
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE ekek ih LbVe/ bJh
ftnzrkswe Ppd
w;K LpVh w[Pfeb
Bkb
eZuk Lwk:{;,
fBokP
;"dk Lyohd' co'\s, foPsk eokT[D bJh fxoDkiBe Ppd fdB^oks Lpj[s
fInkdk iwK Jh Lfpbe[b ewb? Lp/te{|, Bk;wM
nkj LfJj
feZdB LfezB/ fdBK s'A ckBK vQksk LnVuD$
o[ektN gk fdZsh
BzBk LBKj eoBh
sgk Lszr, gq/PkB w/b yKdhnK LfwbdhnK mZg d/JhJ/ L\sw eo
d/JhJ/
nZyK u
x;[zB d/ d/ Lpj[s fInkdk
nkgDh wK ƒ Bkb b? e/ gqd/;h ekek ;kv/ xo nkfJnk. w/ok fwZso T[BQK dh jo rZb dk jK ftZu jh T[~so d/ fojk ;h. n;hA th d't/A gsh^gsBh T[BQK e'b ik p?m/. ni/ rZbKpksK j' jh ojhnK ;B. ;kv/ e'b okDh dhnK ;j/bhnK e[Zeh s/ Pwh nkJhnK. e[Zeh B/ w?ƒ fejk, “nzeb ` Iok nzdo nkfJU Bk.”
w?A T[BQK wfjwkBK ftZu'A T[~m e/ nzdo e[VhnK e'b frnk. okDh B/ o'Adh fijh nktkI ’u fejk, “v?vh ` w?A Bh ikDk pkjo^p{jo. nkj nZi dh n\pko gVQ'.”
e'b yVQhnK e[VhnK B/ jkwh Goh, “jK nzeb ` n\pko ftZu nZi pVh G?Vh \po n? fe fe;/ w[zv/ B/ eB/vk b? e/ ikD dk pjkBk bk e/ gzi bZy o[gJ/
dkI ’u b? e/ n?Xo e[Vh Bkb ftnkj eotk fbnk. uko ;kb j'r/ ftnkj j'J/ ƒ. T[j w[V e/ BjhA gofsnk. e[Vh s/ T[;d/ wkg/ T[vhe oj/ n? fe T[j ed'A nkT{.”
w?A \po ;[D e/ xpok sK frnk ;h. go T[BQK dk wB fNekT[D bJh e[VhnK ƒ fejk, “\po sK Gkw/A mhe n?. go jo/e w[zvk fJT[A BhA eodk fcodk.”
okDh B/ gZeh fId jh eo bJh fe w?A pkjob/ d/; BhA ikDk. v?vh s[;hA fJzBQK ƒ itkp d/ fdT[. wB'A sK w?A Xh dh rZb Bkb ;fjws j' frnk ;h fe i/ okDh dk ftnkj j' frnk sK p[Vk eh J/BQ/ c{eD?. go T[sb/ wB'A w?A dZf;nk,
“fJj pzd/ pj[s uzr/ n?. sz{ p/Nh jZm Bk eo. n;hA s/o/ fIzw/tko wkg/ jK.
UXo ik e/ sz{ w"iK eo/Arh.”
e[Vh B/ w/o/ tZb bkb nZyK eZYdh B/ fejk, “s[;hA w?ƒ ‘N{b’ pDk e/ nkg sK ;kok NZpo ftd/P ikD d/ wko/ w?ƒ p[ZY/ d/ bV bk oj/ j'. w?A e'Jh y{j^N'Gk, rzdk eodz{.”
e[Vh dh f;o/ tkbh rZb ;[D e/ w?A fit/A gZEo jh pD e/ ofj frnk j'tK.
MZN w/o/ fJe wk;No nkVh dh e[Vh :kd nkJh. fi; B/ eB/vk ofjzdh B/
;j[fonK s'A szr j' e/ ;[wzdo ftZu Skb wko e/ y[de[Ph eo bJh ;h.
w?A nkgDh okDh Xh ƒ p[Zeb ftu fbnk s/ fejk, “p/Nh s?ƒ w?A j[D ed/
th pkjo ikD bJh szr BjhA eoKrk. sz{ p/fceo j' ik.”
w?A T[E'A pkjo nk e/ xo p?m/ pzfdnK Bkb o;whA fijhnK rZbK ehshnK.
id'A T[BQK B/ bVeh t/yD bJh rZb s'oh sK w?A gsBh s/ w/o/ fwZso ƒ b? e/
pkjo nkfJnk. n;hA fszB/ ewo/ ftZu p?m rJ/. w?A fwZso ƒ d[ZX tork fuZNk itkp d/ fdZsk fe, “t/y GkJh ` s?ƒ i/VQh sebhc n;hA fdZsh n?. s?E'A wk|h n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
jKwh LjK
Gkw/A LGkt/A fJT[A LfJ; soQK
itkp LfJBeko
wB'A LwB s'A
p[Vk LpI[or
jZm LfIZd
UXo Lgqd/;
rzdk LwoB dk
Gkt
gZEo L\kw'P
MZN LfJedw
nkVh LfwZso, d';s
N{b L;kXB,
iohnk, t;hbk d[ZX tork
fuZNk itkp Le'oh BKj,
;gPN fJBeko
i/VQh LfijVh
wzrd/ nK. go ;kvh Xh efjzdh n? fe i/ w/ok J/; p[VQ/ Bkb f;o^BoV eo'r/
sK w?A gfjbK jh y[de[Ph eobz{.”
n;hA J/E/ foPsk BhA eoBk.
w/oh gsBh d/ th e'Jh uzrh ;'u wB ’u nk rJh ;h. T[; B/ w/oh jK
’u jK fwbk fdZsh ;h.
“s[;hA ;ko/ pkjo ikD d/ wko/ w?ƒ N{b pDk e/ tos oj/ j'. w?ƒ s[;hA pVQ/ d/ rb bk oj/ j'.” Xh d/ wko/ ‘w/jD/’ w/o/ ;hB/ ;Zb eo rJ/ ;B. w?A j[D gZek c?;bk eo fbnk ;h fe w?A nkgDh Xh dk ftnkj fJZXo jh eoKrk.
;'funk ;h ub' fe w?A sK J/E/ fIzdrh wkVh^uzrh eZN bJh n?. nkj e[Vh d/ pjkB/ d'tK w[zfvnK ƒ th ftd/P G/i fdnKrk. fJ; d/; ftZu'A yg^yg woB Bkb'A sK T[~Xo ezw eod/ pzd/ dh ikB ;"yh sK ofjzdh n?. efjzd/ n?^T[Xo pzd/ d/ ehs/ ezw dh fwjBs ƒ cb brd?.
n;hA sK T[BQK b'eK dh oh; eo oj/ ;K fiBQK b'eK e'b n?Xo ;"^;" feb/
IwhB n?. uzr/ ezw^Xd/ j'o th ubd/ n?. T[j th nkgDhnK XhnK ƒ ftd/PK ftu ftnkj fdzd/ n?. T[j th b'e i/VQ/ n?Xo w"iK wkDd/ n?. T[Xo ik e/ ‘;?~N’ j'D dhnK ;ehwK pDkT[Ad/ n?.
nkj n\pkoK ftZu nkw jh nkgK mZrh^m'oh dhnK \poK gVQd/ jK fe n?E'A rJ/ w[zv/ nkg ;?~N j'D d/ wko/ w/wK Bkb coIh ftnkj eotk b?Ad/ n?. pZu/
th j' iKd/ n?. fco n?Xo d/; ftZu nk e/ uzrhnK gVQhnK^fbyhnK e[VhnK Bkb ftnkj eotk e/ dki pN'o e/ bZyK o[gJ/ b? iKd/ n?. e[Vh ftukoh ;kbK pZXh T[jdh T[vhe eodh fe;/ gk;/ i'rh Bh ofjzdh. i/ nfij/ bkbuh ftnkj eotk e/ e[Vh ƒ Bkb b? th iKd/ n? sK T[Xo fbik e/ SZv fdzd/ jB.
jK ` w/oh Xh B/ gqd/; Bk ikD dh nVh eoe/ w/o/ egkN y'bQ fdZs/. w?A nkgDh okDh Xh ƒ gqd/; BjhA G/iKrk. edh BjhA ` jofrI BjhA.
fN~gDh
T[go'es ejkDh fJ; ;wZf;nk ƒ T[Gkodh j? fe eJh b'e nkgD/ w[zv/
e[VhnK ƒ gqd/; s'o e/ nkgD/ gfotko ƒ nkofEe s"o s/ y[Pjkb d/yDk ukj[zd/
jB. b/ye ns/ T[; dh gsBh B/ gZek fJokdk pDk fbnk ;h fe nkgDh e[Vh gqd/; G/ie/ jh ;kvh ;wki ftZZu PkB^P"es pD/rh. jkbKfe T[BQK dh Xh okDh n?~wHJ/H eoe/ phHn?~vH eo u[Zeh ;h. go fco th T[j nkgDh bVeh ƒ
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE f;o^BoV Lftnkj w/jD/ Ld'P, skjB/,
u[ZGthA rZb
;Zb Ldod
fJXo Ld/;$Gkos
ftu mZrh^m'oh Lj/ok^c/oh
pN'o Lb?Dk
oh; LBeb
;kbK pZXh LeJh ;kbK se T[vhe LfJzsIko
nVh LfIZd
egkN Lfdwkr
jofrI Lfe;/ th ehws s/
eB/vk, nwohek iK fe;/ j'o d/; G/iDk ukjz[d/ ;h. T[j ;'ud/ ;B fe i/ e[Vh dk ftnkj gqd/; rJ/ w[zv/ Bkb j' ikt/ sK ftnkj fgZS'A ;kok NZpo ftd/; ftZu
;?~N j' ikt/rk. fJZe w[zvk nukBe eB/vk s'A ftnkj eotkT[D bJh nkfJnk.
w[zv/ Bkb ftnkj dh rZb, fe;/ okjhA j'Jh. go T[; dh T[wo ukbh^gzskbh
;kb ;h. T[Xo Xh B/ pkjo Bk ikD dh gZeh fIZd eo bJh feT[Afe T[; B/
\poK gVQhnK s/ ;[DhnK j'JhnK jB fe fe; soQK pkjo tkb/ T[~E/ ftnkj eok e/ X'y/ Bkb fJZXo'A th e[nkohnK e[VhnK ƒ ftnkj e/ b? iKd/ jB. wkfgnK e'b'A bZyK o[fgnk e?P dki d/ o{g ftZu jVZg eo iKd/ jB. bVeh T[Xo p[bkT[D d/ bko/ eoe/ jw/Pk T[vhedh ofj iKdh j?. ejkDheko B/ fJ; ejkDh okjhA gotk;h w[zfvnK d/ fybtkV dk godk |kP ehsk j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) okDh fezBh gVQh fbyh e[Vh ;h <
(ii) eh ejkDh dh gkso okDh gqd/; ikDk ukj[zdh ;h <
(iii) fijVk w[zvk okDh d/ ftnkj bJh t/fynk, T[; dh T[wo
fezBh ;h <
(iv) eh b'e nkgD/ pZfunK ƒ ftd/P G/i e/ ;zs[PN jB <
(v) ftd/PK ftZu ofj oj/ gzikphnK pko/ ejkDh d/ nXko ’s/ nkgD/
ftuko gqrN eo'.
(vi) ftd/PK ftZu ofj oj/ w[zfvnK ƒ o'Ih^o'Nh ewkT[D bJh feBQK^feBQK w[PebK dk ;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j? < gq'i?eN fsnko eo'.
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i) eh s[;hA fe;/ nfij/ ftnesh ƒ ikDd/ j' fi; B/ ftd/P ik e/ fJXo dh e[Vh Bkb ftnkj eotk e/ T[; ƒ X'yk fdZsk j? < nfijh xNBk ƒ nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.
(ii) eh s[;hA nkg ftd/P ikD ’u o[uh oyd/ j' < i/eo s[jkv/ ;kjwD/
ftnkj Bkb ;zpzXs e'Jh u[D"sh nk ikt/ sK s[;hA T[; Bkb fet/A BfiZm'r/ < ftuko g/P eo'.
(iii) s[jkv/ uku/ dk w[zvk ftd/P ik e/ T[E/ ftnkj eotk u[Zek j?. go T[j Gkos ftZu nk e/ dki bJh fJZe j'o e[Vh Bkb ftnkj eotkT[Dk ukj[zdk j?. s[;hA T[; ƒ fJzi eoB s'A o'eD tk;s/ fJZe fuZmh fby'.
nH fbzr pdb' L (i) gsBh HHH (ii) w[zvk HHH (iii) Xh
(iv) fwZso HHH JH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L
(i) ;'jDh HHH (ii) nZrk HHH (iii) ekjbh HHH (iv) e[nkoh HHH
;H j/m fby/ PpdK ƒ P[~X eoe/ fby' L (i) e[fVnK HHH
(ii) wkghnK HHH (iii) n'vhe HHH (iv) ;Q/bhnK HHH
jH j/m fby/ tkeK ftu'A ekoe u[D e/ T[BQK dk BK fby' L (i) fgsk Xh bJh foPsk t/yD ik fojk j? HHH
(ii) wkfgnk B/ e[Vh bJh fdB oks fJZe eo fdZsk HHH (iii) nkgK feT[A e[Vh ƒ y{j ftZu XZek fdzB/ nK HHH (iv) b/ye B/ fwZso okjhA foPsk bZfGnk HHH
eH j/m fby/ tkeK ftu'A ftP/PD u[D e/ T[BQK dhnK fe;wK d~;' L (i) okDh Y/o ;kohnK iwksK gVQh j'Jh ;h HHH
(ii) w[zvk ;Zs ;w[zdo'A gko s'A nk fojk ;h HHH (iii) s[jkv/ w[zv/ dh T[wo pj[s fInkdk j? HHH (iv) fJj bVek pj[s bkbuh j? HHH
;shnK ;/Jh
vkH dbhg e"o fNtkDk
P\;hns s/ ouBk
gzikph ;kfjs dh f;ow"o ejkDhekok vkH dbhg e"o fNtkDk dk iBw 4 wJh, 1935 JhH ƒ fgzv oZp'A, fIbQk b[fXnkDk, gzikp fty/ fgsk ekek f;zx d/ xo wksk uzd e"o dh e[Zy'A j'fJnk. T[j gfNnkb/ Pfjo ftZu T[~u ftZfdnk jk;b eoe/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh gfNnbk ftu'A gq'|?;o ;/tk^w[es j'J/. T[BQK B/ gzdoK Bktb, nZm ejkDh^;zrqfj s/ nkb'uBk dhnK g[;seK s'A fJbktk ;t?^ihtBh s/ eJh j'o g[;seK gzikph wK^p'bh dh M'bh gkJhnK jB. T[BQK ƒ eJh wkD^;BwkB fwb u[Ze/ jB.
T[BQK e'b ejkDh efjD dh ebk j?. T[j ejkDh ftZu Y[Zet/A PpdK dh u'D eoe/ nkgDh BjhA pbfe fJZe n"os wB dh pks gkT[Ad/ jB. T[BQK dhnK ejkDhnK gzikp d/ wkbtk \/so dh Mkeh g/P eodhnK jB. T[BQK d/ gkso wbtJh GkPk p'bd/ fdykJh fdzd/ jB.
;shnK ;/Jh
“id'A tho Grs f;zx dZs ƒ, fdZsk cK;h dk j[ew ;[Dk.
T[jdh j'tD tkbh Bko ƒ, fe;/ fgzv ftu dZf;nk ik HHH.”
rZvh ftu nzBQk wzrsk rk fojk ;h HHH fco HHH w?A wzrs/ d/ wz{j tZb sZfenk go ;N/PB nk ikD eoe/ T[j T[; vZp/ ftu'A T[so e/ d{i/ ftu ik ufVQnk.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE j'tD tkbh Lj'D tkbh
Bko LgsBh
nzBQk LB/sojhD,
;{odk;
wzrsk LfGykoh
go w?ƒ w[V^w[V f\nkb nkD bZrk fe id'A fe;/ B/ fgzv ftu ik e/ dZf;nk j'Dk J/A, eh r[Ioh j'T{ Grs f;zx dh wzr/so d/ fdb s/ HHH < w?A vZp/ dh pkoh ftu'A pkjo sZeD bZrh. fJT[A brdk ;h fit/A ;kjwD/ y/s, y/sK ftu T[~rhnK |;bK s/ doZ\sK dhnK eskoK BZmhnK ik ojhnK j'D. T[~Bh jh s/Ih Bkb f\nkb w/o/ fdwk} ftu BZmD bZr/. w/oh ebgBk d{o HHH fd;jZd/
s'A th d{o fgzv d/ fJe eZu/ e'm/ ftu p?mh uo\k eZsdh fJe ;[BZyh fJ;sqh ƒ bZGD bZrh. u[Zg^ukg w?A T[jd/ w{zj tZb sZeD bZrh.
“eh nkjBh J/A HHH <” T[j p'bh.
“sz{ fet/A T[wo r[Ikoh <” w?A g[fSnk.
“w?ƒ T[jdh fJZIs dk gk; ;h. b'eK efjDk ;h, fJj Grs f;zx dh wzr/so J/—w?A fet/A ;kj; SZvdh < fwjBs wI{oh ehsh, b'eK dhnK egkjK u[ZrhnK, eZsDk eZfsnk, ghjD/ ghm/, e'm/ fbZg/, xkj y's/ HHH s/ vzr NgkfJnk.”
“feT[a, s/o/ wkfgnK ƒ s/ok f\nkb BjhA ;h <” w?A g[ZfSnk.
“fejVk ;kb Sh wjhB/ dh rZb ;h fe w?A T[BQK ’s/ p'M pDh ofjzdh <
fJj sK T[woK d/ wkwb/ ;B. Bkb/ T[jBK T[jƒ jh e';Dk ;h fijVk nkgD/
|oIK ƒ ftu/ jh SZv frnk ;h.”
“sz{ ;oeko e'b'A wdd wzr b?Dh ;h.” w?A T[dk; j' e/ nkfynk.
“w?A T[jdh wzr/so j' e/ fe;/ nZr/ jZE nZvdh—fJj w?E'A j' BjhA ;fenk.”
T[jdk f;de, T[jdk ;kj;, T[jdk f;oV d/y, w/ok fdb eo/ fJ; wjkB n"os d/ g?o S{j btK. T[woK d/ fSZbV bkj T[j Go^itkB e[Vh pD w/oh :kd ftu T[xV yb'sh.
“;[fDnk J/A T[jd/ fgzv T[jdh :kd wBk oj/ B/. sz{ ikJ/Arh <” w?A g[ZfSnk.
“w?A HHH w?A T[jd/ fgzv Gbk fet/A ik ;edh jK < T[; tid/ tkfinK Bkb f;jo/ pzBQ e/ w?ƒ b?D nkT[Dk ;h. T[j nkfJnk BjhA. fco w?A fet/A ik
;edh jK <”
“fJj s/ pVh g[okDh rZb j' rJh J/.” w?A nkfynk.
“s?ƒ g[okDh brdh j'T{. w?ƒ sK fJT[A brdh J/ fit/A jkb/ eZbQ dh rZb j't/—id'A fJe fdB dht/ fwbfdnK Bkb T[j ;kv/ fgzv nkfJnk ;h. pkjo y{j ’s/ yb', fJe fBnkD/ jZE w?ƒ ;[B/jk G/i fdZsk. w?A fMiedh fMiedh ;G s'A u'oh T[E/ nk rJh. p'fbnk, ‘sz{ f|eo Bk eohA. ni/ w?ƒ Io{oh ezw B/. id'A ftnkj ehsk w?A s/o/ Bkb jh eoKrk—w?A S/sh jh nktKrk HHH.’
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
pkoh LfyVeh
w[V^w[V Ltko^tko wzr/so Lfi; Bkb
ftnkj j'Dk gZek j'fJnk j't/
sZeD Lt/yD
BZmhnK LGZihnK, d"VhnK
;[BZyh L;'jDh fd;jZdk LfiE'A sZe
BIo nkT[Adk j?
nkjBh Lefjzdh wI{oh LwId{oh y's/ Lg[N/, y[ou/
ghjD/ ghm/ LjZEK Bkb uZeh ubkJh e'm/ fbg/ LeZu/ wekBK
ƒ fwZNh dh fbgkJh ehsh vzr NgkfJnk Lr[Ikok ehsk
f\nkb LfXnkB
Sh LS/
e';Dk Lp[ok Gbk efjDk jZE nZvdh LjZE c?bkT[Adh,
Ghy wzrdh f;de L;po, ftPtk;,
Go';k
;kj; Lfjzws, j"A;bk f;oV LjZm, fJokdk,
fdqVQsk fSZbV bkj Lgos, o{g
pdb e/
T[xV LgqrN
dht/ fwbfdnKLPkw t/b/
fBnkD/ LpZu/, i[nke
;[B/jk L;zd/P fMiedh L;ze'udh
T[j ufbnk frnk s/ w[V ni/ sZe BjhA nkfJnk HHH.”
T[; t/b/ w?ƒ fJe o{;h rhs :kd nkfJnk fe ‘;kvk xo ;iBhJ/ J/vh d{o sK BjhA ;h fe T[wo Go c/ok Bk gkfJnk.’ fJBQK b|IK dh sVg T[jd/
wz{j s'A bZGdh ;h fijVh fIzdrh Go T[jƒ T[vhedh ojh, fijB/ w[V ed/
c/ok Bk gkfJnk.
“sz{ fJBQK ghVK dh ;ko eh ikD/ <” T[j nZyK Go e/ p'bh. d' jzM{
tfj s[o/. w?ƒ bZfrnk fit/A T[j efj ojh j't/, “fJj fejh t/ Xos ezfvnkbh, fJj fej/ t/ ihtB d/ po/s/—w/o/ ;kj ;[ed/ ik oj/ B/.”
“oZp s?ƒ bzwh T[wo pyP/ `” T[jd/ e[wbkJ/ wz{j tZb sZe e/ w?A nkfynk.
T[j fJT[A sqGeh fit/A w?A T[jd/ ug/V eZY wkoh j't/. fco eo[Dk^Goh nktkI ftu efjD bZrh, “w/ohJ/ jwdodD/, bzwh T[wo bJh w/oh ukj BjhA.
T[wo d/ sK fJj fdB th BjhA w[ed/ gJ/.”
T[jdh T[dk;h w/o/ e'b'A d/yh Bk rJh. rZb pdbD bJh w?A nkfynk,
“sz{ w/o/ Bkb Pfjo uZb. w/oh G?D dk ftnkj J/, d' uko fdB ;[jD/
bzx ikDr/.”
“BjhA, w?A ftnkj BjhA ik ;edh.” T[j p'bh.
“feT[a HHH <” w?A g[fSnk.
“\[PhnK d/ w"e/ w/o/ e'b'A MZb/ BjhA iKd/. nfij/ w"fenK s/ w?A pVh EZe iKdh jK. w/o/ e'b'A nkgD/ }w j[D xVh gb bJh th d{o BjhA ehs/ iKd/.
w?ƒ fJBQK d/ Bkb ofjD dh nkds g? rJh j?. fJe rZb d;/Arh <” T[jB/ nk;
Bkb w/o/ tZb sfenk.
“jK g[ZS”, w?A nkfynk.
“eh ;Zuh^w[Zuh e'Jh nrbk iBw th jz[dk J/ <”
“ftukoh HHH” w/o/ fdb B/ nkfynk.
“jK Io{o j[zdk J/.” w?A efj fdZsk. fJj ;[D T[jdhnK nZyK ftu fJe uwe nkJh s/ T[j w[;eqk gJh.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE o{;h Lo{; d/P dk
J/vh LfJzBh
c/ok LnkT[Dk
T[vehdh LfJzsIko
ghVK Ld[y^dod
;ko Lgsk j'Dk
ezfvnkbh LezfvnK tkbh po/s/ Lo/s dh
fe;w e[wbkJ/ Lw[oMkJ/ j'J/
sqGeh Lj?okB j'Jh, vo Bkb ezph
eo[Dk LdodBke
ukj LfJZSk
w[ed/ L\sw
;[jD/ Luzr/
MZb/ L;fjD,
podkPs xVh gb LE'VQh d/o
uwe Lnk; dh
feoB
“eh ni/ she th T[j s?ƒ :kd J/ <” w?A g[fSnk.
“jK HHH jo xVh, jo gb T[j w?ƒ :kd ofjzdk J/. ed/ ed/ sK pVk wB eodk J/ fe e'Jh nk e/ nky/, ‘BjhA T[j wfonk BjhA, T[jƒ cK;h BjhA fdZsh rJh, T[j fiT{Adk J/.’ edh edh ;'udh jK i/ feXo'A T[j ;Zuh w[uh w[V nkt/. w?A T[jƒ nkyK—‘ej[ t/ J/BQK sedhoK ƒ, fJT[A Bk d{o yb'D—w?A th fe;/ dh Xh t/ w?A th fe;/ dh G?D’—go j[D fJBQK sedhoK e'b w/o/ i'rk j?
eh J/”—T[j T[dk; j' e/ p'bh.
“j[D sK Grs f;zx d/ ;[gB/ g{o/ j' oj/ B/. d/y, d/P fet/A soZeh tZb ik fojk J/, sz{ th e'Jh fjZ;k gk. d/y, BtK toQk nkfJnk J/, e'Jh BtK edw u[e.” w?A nkfynk.
T[jdk wz{j fjZ; frnk s/ T[j u[g^ukg w/o/ tZb sZeD bZrh, fit/A efjzdh j't/ L
“fgSbk toQk o' e/ N[o ufbnk, nrbk th yVQk T[dk;.
fejV/ t/ w[Bh ;okfgnk, sz{ w[V Bk g[ZSh tks.”
“sz{ eh ;'u ojh J/A”, w?A g[ZfSnk. T[; B/ fJe j"ek Gfonk fit/A efjzdh j't/, ‘oks dh okDh w?ƒ g[Sdh, feE/ sK rJhnK Bh s/ohnK BhAdoK, fdjz[ th T[bKG/ fdzdk, feE/ sK y'JhnK s/ohnK ;{osK—w?A w[V w[V s?E'A g[Sdh, e"D Go{
t/ w/oh ejkDh dk jz[rkok, e"D pDz{ t/ w/o/ d[yK dk ;hoh—<’
w?A T[jd/ wz{j tZb sZfenk, ‘BkBe ;shnK ikDhnfB fi fpoj/ u'N wozfB HHH’ fJ; eEB nr/ w?A f;o M[ek fdZsk—T[jdh N[ZNh j'Jh i[Zsh ’s/
w/oh BIo g? rJh. w?A fXnkB Bkb d/fynk, T[jdh ewhI ƒ th NkehnK brhnK j'JhnK ;B. w?ƒ XZek bZrk.
“sz{ T[jƒ t/fynk ;h <” T[j ni/ th T[jd/ pko/ jh ;'u ojh ;h.
“BjhA”, w?A nkfynk.
“T[j pVk ;'jDk ;h—;kv/ fgzv dhnK ;kohnK e[VhnK d/ gokj[fDnK Bkb'A
;'jDk” s/ HHH nZr'A T[jdk rbk Go nkfJnk s/ fco fit/A nkgD/ nkg rZbK eoB bZrh L
“nkT[Ad/ iKd/ okjhnK d/ w??A wz{j tb sedh e'Jh eo/ t/ s/oh rZb.
w?A ezfBnk e[nkoh yVQh T[vhedh t/ ed/ sK ;[B/jk xZb.”
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE w[V nkt/ Ltkg; nk
ikt/
sedhoK Lfe;wsK, b/y
yb'D Lyb's/ ofjD dk Gkt i'rk Ltk;s/, bJh
toQk L;kb
fjZ; L;z[rVBk
N[o LfBeb
w[Bh LfoPh w[zBh
;okfgnk Lfi; ƒ pd^
d[nk bZrh j't/
tks Lpks,
jkb^ukb BhAdoK LBhAdK
fdjz[ LfdB
T[bKG/ LfPekfJsK y'JhnK Lr[nku rJhnK jz[rkok Ljkwh GoBh, fe;/ dh rZb tZb fXnkB d/Dk s?E'A Ls/o/ e'b'A
;hoh LGkJhtkb,
;KMhtkb fpoj/ LftS'Vk,
ft:'r, i[dkJh
u'N L;ZN
NkehnK LcZN/ egV/ ƒ j'o egV/ dh ekso brk e/ f;T[Dk gokj[fDnK LgshnK okjhnk Lo;s/ ftu
ikD tkb/
b'eK
xZb LG/i
“eh ;'u ojh J/A ;'jDhJ/A <” w?A g[ZfSnk. T[j nkgD/ jZEK dhnK behoK tZb fXnkB Bkb sZeD bZrh fit/A efj ojh j't/, ‘wK nkgDh ƒ w?A g[ZSdh Xh d/ fej/ b/y fbykJ/.’
w?A T[jd/ tZb sZedh ojh. fJe bkN pbdh ;h T[jdhnK BIoK ftu, fJe efjo ;h, T[jdh sZeDh ftu. w?ƒ bfrnk fit/A, T[j fJe BkrD pD e/ c[zeko ojh j't/. Grs f;zx d/ eksbK ƒ fit/A j[D/ vZ; b?Dk b'udh j't/. fit/A ;G e[M GzB s'V w;b d/Dk ukj[zdh j't/. fco T[jB/ gbeK M[ek bJhnK fit/A efjzdh j't/ ‘w?A Gbk eh eo ;edh jK—’
“sz{ fBok; Bk j'. Grs f;zx f;o| s/ok jh BjhA ;h. T[j ;kvk ;kfonK dk ;h. T[jdh w"s dk d[Zy s?ƒ jh BjhA—;ko/ d/P ƒ j?—n;hA T[jƒ G[Zb/ BjhA,
;kƒ sz{ Gh :kd J/A.”
fJj ;[D T[jdhnK nZyK Go nkJhnK s/ jzM{ e/o, T[j w/oh ebgBk ftu'A w[V uZbh. w?ƒ bZfrnk, ‘Xos nzpo th ;'ud/ eh d/D s;Zbh.’
fJzB/ ƒ fJe M{N/ Bkb rZvh ;N/PB T[s/ nkD yVh j'Jh. T[j wzrsk c/o vZp/ nZr'A dh rkT[Adk ik fojk ;h L
“id'A tho Grs f;zx dZs ƒ, fdZsk cK;h dk j[ew ;[Dk.
T[jdh j'tD tkbh Bko ƒ, fe;/ fgzv ftu dZf;nk ik.”
fN~gDh
vkH dbhg e"o fNtkDk B/ fJ; ejkDh okjhA fJZe nfij/ fJfsjk;e gkso ƒ u[fDnk j? i' Pjhd Grs f;zx dh wzr/so j?. ejkDh dk xNBk eqw fJZe
;N/PB T[~s/ nzBQ/ wzrs/ d/ p'bK s'A P[o{ j[zdk j?. ‘w?A^gkso’ rZvh ftZu ;|o eo ojh j?. T[E/ fJe wzrsk Grs f;zx pko/ rhs rk e/ T[; ƒ ;'uD bJh wip{o eo fdzdk j?. T[j egbBk ftZu jh T[; n"os d/ fgzv gj[zu iKdh j?.
T[~E/ T[; B/ ;koh T[wo b'eK d/ xoK ftZu fwjBs^wId{oh ehsh. go ftnkj BjhA eotkfJnk. ;koh T[wo Grs f;zx dh wzrs/o ejkT[Dk |\o tkbh rZb ;wMh.
Grs f;zx B/ T[; ƒ e[M Io{oh ezw eoe/, S/sh nk e/ T[; Bkb ftnkj eokT[D dk tuB fdZsk ;h. T[j fJBQK tuBK dh bki oZydh j?. fJZe' fJZe n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
b/y Lfe;ws
bkN LnZr dh b'n
efjo Lr[Z;k, eo'gh, eq'X c[zeko L;Zg dh P{eD
dh ntkI
vZ; Lvzr wkoBk
b'udh Lukjz[dh jzM{ LnZEo{, nK;{
Xos nzpo LXosh s/
nekP
:kd d/ ;jko/ f;de fdbh Bkb fIzdrh fiT{D bJh ;sh j'D dh fw;kb j?.
nfijh wjkB n"os dh ejkDh gVQ e/ gkme dk f;o Bw;eko bJh M[e iKdk j?. ejkDh fpBK fe;/ tkX{ ft;sko d/ r[opkDh d/ “BkBe ;shnK ikDhnB fi fpoj/ u'N wozfB” tkb/ f;XKs s'A th ikD{ eokT[Adh gkme wB ƒ Mzi'V e/ oZy fdzdh j?. fJj fJ; ejkDh dh \{p;{osh ejh ik ;edh j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) ‘;shnk ;/Jh’ ejkDh ftZu nzBQk wzrsk fe; pko/ rhs rk fojk j?<
(ii) b/fyek ebgBk okjhA fe; d/ fgzv gj[zu iKdh j? <
(iii) Grs f;zx B/ nkgDh wzrs/o Bkb fejVk tkndk ehsk ;h <
(iv) r[opkDh nB[;ko ;shnk fJ;sohnK e"D j[zdhnK jB <
(v) eh ;w/A dhnK ;oekoK B/ T[; wjkB n"os pko/ ;'funk <
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) Grs f;zx ns/ T[BQK d/ ;kEh Gkos ƒ nIkd eok e/ fej' fij/
d/P dk fBowkD eoBk ukj[zd/ ;B < nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.
(ii) eh s[;hA fe;/ nfijh n"os ƒ ikDd/ j' fi; B/ gsh s'A fpBQK ;koh fIzdrh nkgD/ nkg fpskJh j't/ < T[; dhnK jK^gZyh rZbK ƒ T[Gkod/ j'J/ fJZe b/y fby'.
(iii) n"os f;de fdbh Bkb gsh fpBK fIzdrh fiT[A b?Adh j?. eh s[;hA fe;/ nfij/ nkdwh ƒ ikDd/ j' i' nkgD/ f;de T[go ekfJw ofj e/ nkgDk ihtB fBopkj eo fojk j't/ < T[; dhnK gq/oDkdkfJe rZbK dk fIeo eod/ j'J/ nkgD/ fwZso ƒ fJZe fuZmh fby'.
(iv) Gkos ftZu ;sh gqEk pko/ s[;hA eh ikDd/ j' < fJ; ƒ \sw eoB bJh j'J/ isBK dh uouk eo'.
(v) n"os d/ ;[yh ;z;ko pko/ ebgBk eod/ j'J/ ft;sko ftZu fJZe GkPB fsnko eo'.
nH tuB pdb' L (i) rZvh HHH (ii) pkoh HHH (iii) |;b HHH (iv) b|I HHH (v) f;jok HHH (vi) esko HHH (vii) doZys HHH (viii) ;N/PB HHH (ix) nzpo HHH (x) vZpk HHH
JH j/m fby/ tkeK ftu'A fefonk u[D e/ T[BQK dhnK fe;wK fby' L (i) Grs f;zx dh wzrs/o B/ egkjK u[rD dk ezw ehsk. HHH (ii) ;N/PB T[go nzBQk, Grs f;zx dk rhs rkT[Adk j?. HHH (iii) ejkDheko B/ wzrs/o pko/ ebgBk ehsh. HHH
(iv) wzr/so ƒ brdk j? fe Grs f;zx nk ;edk j?. HHH (v) w?A T[jd/ tZb sZedh ojh.
;H j/m fby/ tkeK ft~u beho/ PpdK dhnK fefonk ftP/PD dhnK fe;wK d~;'L (i) Grs f;zx Io{o nkt/rk. HHH
(ii) Grs f;zx dh :kd wzr/so ƒ tko^tko ;skT[Adh j?. HHH
(iii) wzr/so ƒ fwjBs eoBh gJh feT[Afe T[; dk gsh BjhA nkfJnk. HHH (iv) nzBQk j"bh^j"bh rkT[Adk j?. HHH
(v) T[j fMiedh fMiedh ;G s'A u'oh T[E/ nk rJh.
jH j/m fby/ tkeK ft~u ekb dhnK fe;wK gSkD e/ fby' L (i) T[j pVk ;'jDk ;h.
(ii) wzr/so B/ e'mk fbZg fbnk ;h. HHH (iii) Grs f;zx nk fojk j?. HHH
(iv) b/fyek ebgBk eo ojh j?. HHH
(v) n;hA T[; ƒ G[Zb/ BjhA ns/ sz{ th ;kƒ :kd J/A.
eH j/m fby/ nykDK d/ noE d~; e/ tke pDkT[ L (i) nkg eki, wjK eki HHH
(ii) T[~ybh ftZu f;o fdZsk sK w'jfbnK dk eh vo HHH (iii) Jh;pr'b s/ e[M Bk c'b HHH
(iv) ;" ;[fBnko dh fJZe b[jko dh HHH (v) jzekfonk ;' wkfonk HHH
yH j/mK fby/ pj[^noEe PpdK d/ tke pDkT[ L (i) wzr HHH
(ii) MZb/ HHH (iii) bktK HHH (iv) tko HH (v) vzr HHH
d[~X s/ g[~s
pfuzs e"o
P\;hns s/ ouBk
pfuzs e"o dk iBw 8 cotoh, 1940 JhH ƒ fgzv GV', BkGk gzikp ftZu j'fJnk. fIzdrh ftZu id'^ ifjd eofdnK n?~wHfcbH sZe T[~u ftZfdnk jk;b ehsh.
pfuzs e"o B/ gzikph ;kfjs irs d/ ejkDh^y/
so ftZu wjZstg{oB :'rdkB gkfJnk j?. T[BQK B/
doiB s'A tX ejkDhnK dhnK g[;seK wK^p'bh gzikph dh M'bh gkJhnK jB. fit/A L ‘wzIb’, ‘;{jk ozr f;nkj ozr’, ‘G[Zpb dh nZr’. ‘fenkoh b"ArK dh’ g[;se ƒ 1982^83 dk gzikph nekdwh, fdZbh tb'A ;ot'sw g[;se^;BwkB fwfbnk. T[BQK B/
ejkDh s'A fJbktk Bktb, ;t?^ihtBh, ;|oBkwk s/ pkb^g[;seK th fbyhnK jB. pfuzs e"o dhnK ejkDhnK dh P?bh ;ob s/ ;zy/g j?. T[BQK dhnK ejkDhnK nzro/Ih, fjzdh s/ j'o GkPktK ftZu nB[tkd j' u[ZehnK jB. T[BQK dhnK ejkDhnK nfij/ ftP/ ƒ g/P eodhnK jB i' gkme wB ƒ N[zpdk j?.
d[~X s/ g[~s
wJh dh gzi sohe j' u[eh ;h. go pkp/ pko{ ƒ Bk e'Jh pkjob/ xo'A b?D nkfJnk, s/ Bk jh T[j nkg ikD bJh fsnko ;h. ftfdnk j[D T[; Bkb
\k;h n"yh j' e/ p'bdh ;h. pZu/ th nZi ebQ pkp/ dh fe;/ rZb s/ ezB BjhA
;B Xod/. go c/o th pkp/ pko{ B/ fjzws eo e/ nkgD/ g[Zso eosko f;zx ƒ efj jh fdsk, “g[so skfonk w?A pkjob/ xohA BjhA ikDk. w?ƒ nkgD/ e'b jh ofjD d/. w/ok pkjob/ xohA G'ok th ihn BjhA bZrdk.”
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
\k;h Lpj[s
Xod/ L;[Dd/
G'ok Lfpbe[b th
ihn Lfus, wB
“ihn dk Gbk eh wsbp J/ pkg{, id wK d/ ‘tkoQ/’ tkb/ fdB gzi GkJhnK ftu fJj c?;bk j'fJnk j?, fe n;hA gzi GkJh s[jkƒ fszB^fszB wjhB/ o'Nh d/tKr/. tkoh d/ w[skpe gfjbh sohe s'A s[jkv/ fszB wjhB/ J/E/ g{o/ j' u[e/
jB. j[D s[jkƒ gqhs{ d/ xo ub/ ikDk ukjhdk j?.” pkpk nZr'A e[M th T[~so Bk d/ ;fenk.
nk\o pkp/ pko{ ƒ pkjob/ xo gqhs{ e'b nkT[Dk jh fgnk. Gkt/A nzdo'A T[; dh tZYh o{j BjhA ;h eodh J/E/ nkT[D ƒ, go wodk eh Bk eodk.
eosko/ B/ fszB wjhB/ fgS'A ;k| efj i' fdsk ;h, “pkg{ j[D sz{ gqhs{ d/ xo ubk ik.”
gqhs{ dh tj[Nh pzs pkp/ pko{ dh ;/tk ftu e'Jh e;o Bk oydh. j|s/
ftu d' tkoh T[; d/ egV/ X' d/Adh, ukj^gkDh ;w/A f;o pkp/ ƒ fsnko eoe/
d/ fdzdh. nkgD/ pZfunK ƒ th T[; B/ ;wMk ofynk ;h fe “s[;hA fizBh pkp/
dh ;/tk eo'r/, s[jkƒ T[~Bk jh nZSk |b fwb/rk. tZfvnK dh nkswk \[P oZyD
’s/ oZp th \[P ofjzdk j?.”
go n?Bk e[M eoB ’s/ th pzs dh nkgDh nkswk ƒ ed/ PKsh BjhA ;h fwbdh. T[; dk gsh Pokph ;h. id'A th nkED ƒ T[j xo nkT[Adk sK nkT[AfdnK jh ntk^stk p'bDk P[o{ eo fdzdk. fe;/ Bk fe;/ pjkB/ pzs Bkb MrVk eodk. pZfunK ƒ T[uh^T[uh rkbQK eZYD bZr g?Adk. i' e'Jh th T[;
dh rZb ƒ Bk T[bNkT[Adk, T[j ik e/ pkp/ pko{ d/ d[nkb/ j' iKdk. s/ T[; dh wzih ƒ m/vk wko e/ efjzdk, “pkg{ ni/ fezBk fuo j'o fJj wzih g{iDh j?
w?A.” fJj rZb ;[D e/ p[ZY/ pkp/ dk ;kok ;oho ezpD brdk s/, nzdo'A nzdoh T[j o' T[mdk. T[; ƒ ;koh d[Bhnk jB/oh ikgD bZr g?Adh. T[; d/ nZ;h ;kb g[okD/ jZv fit/A T[; ƒ fwZNh
pD/ BIo nkT[Ad/.
T[; dk Pokph g[Zso T[;
d/ ;fseko dh EK T[; ƒ th ntk^stk p'bD'A BjhA ;h fMiedk. fezBh p/gsh eodk
;h gqhs{, pkp/ pko{ dh. Pokph g[Zs dhnK rZbK ;[D e/ T[j p[s dk p[s pD e/ ofj ikdk.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE tkoQ/ LtZvk eoBk,
pI[or dh nzsw fefonk t/b/ dh o;w tZYh o{j BjhA
;h eodh Lfpbe[b wB BjhA
;h eodk
e;o LxkN
nkED LPkw t/bk
ntk^stk LT{b^ib{b, p/wsbp wzih g{iDh Lftnzr Bkb
;/tk eoBh s'A Gkt p/gsh Lp/fJIsh p[s dk p[s L;[zB, \kw'P
c/o ;'uK jh ;'uK ftu T[j nkgD/ gziK g[ZsK d/ xoK s/ UjBK d/ pZfunK ƒ goydk. nk\o T[; dk wB efj T[mdk, wBk eosko/ e'b i/ fNfenk ofj
;e/ sK jh uzrh rZb j?. go T[j th sK oZy/ <
j[D pkp/ dh tkoh sb'e/ d/ xo ikD dh ;h. sb'ek ;Zuh^w[ZuhA nkgD/ fgU d/ p[Ykg/ ƒ fJ; soQK o[bdk BjhA ;h d/y ;edk. id'A pkpk sb'e/ d/ xo j[zdk sK sb'e/ dh tj[Nh ;G s'A gfjbK pkp/ ƒ o'Nh go';dh. ;G s'A gfjbK pkp/
ƒ ukj fdzdh. J/; xo pkp/ d/ egV/ X' e/ o'I pdb/ iKd/ ;B. sb'ek T[;
dh y[Ph dk g{ok^g{ok fXnkB oydk, go fco th pkp/ ƒ fJT[A brdk fit/A e'Jh r[r/ dh g{ik j' ojh j?. r[r/ Bkb Gbk fe;/ ƒ eh fgnko j' ;edk j? < T[; dh g{ik vzr d/ vo s'A jh ehsh iKdh j?.
rZb th fJj ;'bK nkB/ mhe ;h. sb'ek pkp/ dh ;/tk ftu nkgDh tj[Nh
’s/ ;\s BIo oZydk ;h. fi; eoe/ T[; dh tj[Nh t/b/ f;o pkp/ d/ ;ko/
ezw eo fdzdh, o'I egV/ X'Adh, ukj gkDh ;w/A f;o d/ fdzdh, T[; dk wzik fp;sok ;k| oydh. go nkT[Adh iKdh T[j pkp/ ƒ e'Jh Bk e'Jh u[ZGthA rZb Io{o ;[Dk iKdh. “pkg{ sz{ Gbk ;koh T[wo ftu eh ehsk j? nkgD/ g[soK bJh.
fgzv ftu ;G s'A E'VQh IwhB j? ;kv/ e'b. s/oh e'Jh ;/tk eo/ sK Gbk fet/A eo/.” pkpk ƒjK dhnK u[GthnK rZbK ;[D e/ nzdo' nzdoh o' T[mdk.
ihn eodk gziK ƒ SZv^Svk e/ feXo/ d{o ubk ikt/. go fJ; ftu sb'e/
dk eh e;{o, Bk T[j sb'e/ ƒ e[M d;dk, Bk ƒj ƒ e'Jh itkp fdzdk. pkpk BjhA ;h ukjz[dk fe xo ftu T[; d/ fgS/ bVkJh j't/.
c/o nkg jh ;'u e/ wB ƒ s;Zbh d/ b?Adk, mhe jh sK efjzdh j? sb'e/ dh pj{. sb'e/ dh sBykj th sK v{Y ;" o[g? jh j?. T[; B/ pZu/ th gkbD/ jB.
J/;/ soQK pkpk pko{ ;kok fdB ;'uK dh T[X/Vp[D ftu T[bfMnk ofjzdk. ed/ ;'udk nZXh IwhB sb'e/ d/ BkT[A btk d/tK. pkeh sK nkgD/^nkgD/ xo ;ko/ uzrk yKd/^ghAd/ jB. fJ;/ dk r[Ikok w[Pfeb j?. go fJj rZb T[; d/ d{i/ g[Zso fet/A ;jko ;ed/ jB. T[j sK g{o/ fjZ;/ bJh woB^wkoB ƒ fsnko j' ikDr/.
Bkb/ fdnkbk i' j[D ;koh IwhB ƒ tkj[zdk phidk j? T[j ed'A wzBD bZfrnk, J/; rZb ƒ. T[; d/ xo oZp dk fdsk d[ZX^g[Zs ;G' e[M j?. go c/o th T[; dh Bhns fcZNh gJh j?. nzdo'^nzdoh T[j gNtkoh Bkb fwb e/
nZr/ dh ;koh IwhB jfEnkT[D ƒ fcodk j?. skjhUA sK T[j pkp/ pko{ ƒ fgzv ftu p[bk e/ y[P BjhA.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE fNfenk L;fEo o[bdk LyZib^\okp
j[zdk go';dh Lfdzdh r[r/ dh g{ik L;Zg dh g{ik
vzr LvZ;Dk
;'bK nkB/ mhe Lfpbe[b mhe t/b/ f;o L;w/A f;o u[ZGthA rZb LskjBk^
fwjDk v{Y ;" o[gJ/ L150 o[gJ/
T[X/Vp[D Lp/ f;ZNk rZb, f\nkbh ;'u btk d/tK LBK btk d/Dk, BK eo d/Dk
;jko LpodkPs
eoBk, ;fjDk Bhns fcZNh
gJh j? Lp/JhwkB j' ikDk jfEnkT[D LepI/ ftu
eoB o'Djkek Lo'D torh
jkbs
;'u^;'u pkpk o'Djkek j' iKdk. n?vk tZvk gfotko ;h T[; dk fe b'e fgzv ftu T[; ƒ tv/ gfotko tkbk efj e/ p[bkT[Ad/ ;B. id'A ed/ T[j
;ko/ g's/^g'shnK ftu p?mk j[zdk ;h sK T[; ƒ eJh tko fJj th G[Zb iKdk fe fejVk g[so fdnkb/ dk s/ fejVk gqhs{ dk j?. go e'Jh T[; dh pks BjhA g[Sdk.
id'A T[; dh gsBh fiT{Adh ;h sK T[j fgzv jh ofjzdk ;h. s/ fdnkb/
B/ T[; dh wzih Bho/ nkb/ nzdo vkj oyh ;h. go id T[j wo rJh sK T[;
dh wzih dk e'Jh th fNekDk BjhA ;h fojk.
gfjbk d{i/ tZb, d{ik shi/ tZb, shik u"E/ tZb XZeD ƒ fsnko ofjzdk
;h. fizBk tvk T[; dk gfotko ;h, T[~BhnK jh szdK ftu T[j T[bfMnk fgnk
;h. eJh tkoh pj[sk d[yh j' e/ T[j nkgDh ;tortk;h gsBh ƒ efj T[mdk,
“d/y GkrtzshJ/, sz{ efjzdh j[zdh ;h fizB/ g[Zs pj[s/ j'Dr/ T[~Bk jh pj[sk ;[y fwb/rk p[Ykg/ ftu. ed/ Gbk fe;/ ƒ d[ZX s/ g[Zs th pj[s/ bZr/ jB < nZi w/oh jkbs d/y Iok nk e/. w?A fezBk d[yh jK. w/oh o[yh^;[yh th ;G ƒ Gkoh bZrdh j?.”
c/o fJe tko T[; B/ gziK g[ZsoK s/ BIo d"VkJh. go gzitK sK ni/
ftnkfjnk th BjhA. Bkb/ T[j sK pkjo B"eoh eodk j?. w/o/ e'b'A gzi ;" whb d{o, T[; Bkb Gbk w/ok eh frbk.
j[D ;kb dk nzs nk frnk ;h. j[D c/o pkp/ dh tkoh eosko/ d/ xo ikD dh nk rJh. pkpk pko{ nzdo'^nzdoh y[P j' fojk ;h. feT[Afe eosko/
d/ xo d/ Bkb jh T[; dk S'Nk Gok nkgD/ fJeb"s/ gZ[so e'b ofjzdk ;h, fi;
ƒ fe;/ pNtko/ dh b'V BjhA ;h ;skT[Adh. s/ pkpk pko{ fezBk fuo nkgD/
S'N/ Gok e'b p?mk nkgDk d[y^;[y c'bdk ofjzdk ;h.
fN~gDh
‘d[ZX s/ g[Zs’ ejkDh ftZu b/fyek B/ pI[or gkso pkp/ pko{ dh d[Zy Goh dk;skB fpnkB ehsh j?. T[; d/ gzi g[Zso—eoskok, gqhs{, sb'ek, fdnkbk s/ pkjob/ d/; ofjD tkbk g[Zs ;B. T[BQK B/ nkgDh wK d/ woB s'A pknd G'r s'A pknd sfj ehsk fe pkg{ ƒ T[j fszB^fszB wjhB/ nkgD/^nkgD/ xo oZyDr/. pkg{ dk wB nkgD/ iZdh xo fJe' g[so eosko/ e'b ofjD ƒ eodk j?. T[; dhnK ƒjK f;o| fJZe ƒ SZv e/ rZb^rZb ’s/ pkg{ ƒ skjB/^fwjD/
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE Bho/ nkb/
nzdo Ls{Vh nkfd gP{nK d/
uko/ tkb/
ewo/ ftZu
vkj LftSk
XZeD LG/iD
szdK LMw/fbnK, T[bMDK o[yh^;[yh L;kdh o'Nh
Gkoh Lp'M
frbk LfPetk,
BokIrh fJeb"s/ LfJeZb/,
fJe' fJe pNtko/ Ltzv, fjZf;nK
ftZu tzvDk c'bdk L;KMk eodk
fdzdhnK jB fe T[; B/ Bk sK e'Jh uzrh IwhB ikfJdkd pDkJh j?, ns/ Bk jh ;'B/ d/ rfjD/ T[BQK ƒ ftok;s ftZu fdZs/ jB. d{i/ gk;/ pkp/ pko{ d/ Gok dk fJZe'^fJZe g[Zso j? i' nkgD/ wkfgnK dk nkfrnkeko g[Zso j?. pkpk pko{
nkgDh 80 ;kb dh T[wo tZb d/ye/ e';dk j? fe ;wK fezBK pdb frnk j?.
xotkbh d/ woB s'A pknd T[; dh fezBh p/edoh j' ojh j?. i' nkgD/ g[ZsoK
’s/ pj[s wkD eodh ;h.
ejkDhekok pfuzs e"o fJ; ejkDh okjhA fJZe ;zd/P d/ ojh j? fe tZv/
gfotko d/ wK^pkg nkgD/ pZfunK ƒ ed/ p'M BjhA ;wMd/ ;B. go pZu/ nkgD/
fgsk ƒ o'Nh d/D bJh EK^EK G/i d/D bJh wIp{o eod/ jB. fJ; bJh pkg{
pko{ ;'udk j? fe ‘d[ZX s/ g[Zs’ fcND bZfrnK ed/ d/o BjhA bkT[Ad/. b/fyek nfij/ ;wki ’s/ fsZyk ftnzr eodh j?. fJZE/ g?;k Gko{ j'D eoe/ B?fse edoK^
ehwsK ƒ Ykn bZr ojh j?. wkfgnK dh p/edoh ejkDh dk w[Zy ftPk j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) ‘dZ[X s/ g[Zs’ ejkDh ftZu pkp/ pko{ d/ fezB/ g[Zso jB.
(ii) fJ; ejkDh ftZu pkg{ nkgD/ wB dh rZb fe; ƒ d;dk j?.
(iii) wK d/ woB s'A pknd g[ZsoK B/ eh |?;bk ehsk.
(iv) pkp/ pko{ gqsh T[; d/ gqhs{ g[Zso dk fej' fijk ftjko j?.
(v) fJ; ejkDh d/ f;ob/y s'A eh Gkt j?.
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/ L
(i) s[;hA nkgD/ wkfgnK bJh eh eoBk ukjz[d/ j'. y[ZbQ e/ fpnkB eo'.
(ii) nZi eZbQ wkfgnK s/ pZfunK ftZu tX ojh d{oh d/ ekoB dZ;'.
(iii) j[D gsh^gsBh s/ pZfunK dk fJeZm/ ofjD dk fotkI P[o{ j' frnk j?. fJ; wkj"b ftZu pI[orK dh j' ojh p/edoh T[go o"PBh gkT[Adk fJZe b/y fby'.
(iv) BthA s/ nkgDh ghVQh ftZu B/Vsk fbnkT[D bJh ;[Mkn fdT[.
(v) fvgNh efwPBo ƒ fJZe gZso fby e/ pI[orK dh ;[oZfynk tXkT[D dh p/Bsh eo'.
nH tuB pdb' L
(i) eZgVk HHH (ii) pZuk HHH
(iii) skok HHH (iv) rZb HHH
(v) wzih HHH (vi) sBykj HHH
(vii) fp;sok HH (viii) szd HHH
(ix) IwhB HHH (x) u'DthA HHH JH j/m fby/ pj[^noEe PpdK d/ tke pDkT[ L
(i) T[~so HHH (ii) do HHH (iii) cb HHH (iv) tZYh HHH (v) tzv HHH
;H j/m fby/ tkeK ft~u'A beho/ fefonk ftP/PDK dhnK fe;wK d~;' L (i) T[; dh fJj rZb ;'bK nkB/ mhe ;h.
(ii) sb'ek nzdo jh p?mk ;h.
(iii) fgzv ftZu ;kv/ e'b E'Vh IwhB j?.
(iv) T[; dk gzitK g[Zso B"eoh bJh d{o frnk j'fJnk ;h.HHH (v) rZbK eodk eodk T[j nuBu/s o' fgnk.HHH
jH j/m fby/ tkeK ftu'A fefonk dh u'D eo' L (i) ƒj B/ pkp/ ƒ skjB/^fwjD/ fdZs/. HHH (ii) g[Zso B/ fgsk ƒ gkDh fgnkfJnk. HHH
(iii) pkpk sz{ ;koh T[wo ;kv/ bJh e[M BjhA pDkfJnk. HHH (iv) gsBh d/ woB wro'A pkp/ dh d/y^Gkb j'Dh ukjhdh ;h. HHH (v) pkp/ B/ g[Zso ƒ nPhotkd fdZsk. HHH
eH j/m fby/ tkeK ƒ toswkB ekb ft~u pdb e/ fby' L (i) ftfdnk j[D T[; Bkb \k;h n"yh j' e/ p'bdh ;h.
(ii) eosko/ B/ pkg{ ƒ gqhs{ d/ xo ikD bJh efj fdZsk ;h.
(iii) pkp/ dh rZb ;'bK nkB/ mhe ;h.
(iv) sb'ek pkg{ d/ p[Ykg/ ƒ o[bdk BjhA d/y ;edk ;h.
(v) fdnkb/ d/ xo oZp dk fdZsk ;G e[M ;h.
feos dk ;fseko
vkH jouoB f;zx
P\;hns s/ ouBk
vkH jouoB f;zx gzikph ;kfjs^irs d/ gqf;ZX BkNeeko jB. T[BQK B/ tZvh frDsh ftZu fJeKrh fby/ jB. T[BQK d/ gqf;ZX fJeKrh ;zrqfj jB—‘;gs foPh’, ‘gzi rhNVk’, ‘w[Ve/ dh y[Pp'’ s/ ‘gzu gqXkB’. T[BQK B/ pj[s ;ko/ BkNe th fby/ jB. T[BQK B/ gfjbh tkoh nkgDh Xow gsBh Xow e"o s'A nfGB? eotkfJnk. fJ; Bkb gzikph BkNeK ftZu fJ;soh^gkso dh ;wZf;nk dk jZb th j' frnk. T[BQK d/ BkNeK d/ ftP/ nkw s"o ’s/ wB[Zyh edoK^ehwsK Bkb ;zpzXs j[zd/ jB.
feos dk ;fseko
;wK L ;zB 1955
;EkB L fdZbh dh fJZe p;sh t/bk L ;t/o/ 10 ti/
MKeh L fdZbh dk fJZe pZ; nZvk. fszB pzd/ ns/ fJZe fJ;soh pZ;
dh T[vhe ftZu yVQ/ jB. T[BQK ftZu''A fJZe w'Nk Gkok ;/m j?, fi; B/ d[ZX^fuZNh N'gh ns/ P[ZX yZdo d/ eZgV/ gkJ/ j'J/
jB. T[j e[M ekjb s/ xpokjN ftZu ikgdk j?. T[; d/
Bkb T[; dk w[BPh j?. shik e/;o BK dk fJZe pzdk j?, i' rZbK s'A y[bQ/ ;[Gkn dk gqshs jz[dk j?. fJj T[BQK E'VQ/ pzfdnK ftZu''A j?, i' fIzdrh dk jo gb jZ; s[; e/ r[Ikod/
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE ekjb Ls/ih ftZu w[BPh Lfj;kp oZyD
tkbk, nekT{AN?AN jZ; s[; Lw[PebK
Bkb
jB. nkX[fBe ozr^Yzr dh fJ;soh th jk;/ wy"b ƒ p[ok BjhA ;wMdh.
;tkoh L (;kj' ;kj) nkj pZ; fejV/ Bzpo dh ;h <
e/;o L s[jkƒ fejVh ukjhdh ;h <
;tkoh L s/oK Bzpo dh.
e/;o L pZ; Ujh ;h, n?Xo nk ikU esko ftZu, ;kj eZY bU.
;tkoh L t/y' ih, fezBk Io{oh ezw ;h.
;/m L iBkp, n;hA sK s[jkv/ Bkb'A th ekjb/ nK. ;kvk jIkoK dk B[e;kB j' fojk J/.
e/;o L ;/m ;kjp sK G[zi/ bZE/ j'J/ B/. t/ydk BjhA ftuko/ fezB/ p/u?B B/. fJBQK dh X'sh g?o ftZu nV rJh BjhA sK fJBQK B/ ezveNo T[~s/ jh uVQ ikDk ;h.
;/m L s[jkƒ rZbK ;[ZMdhnK B/. ezw e'Jh BjhA Bk j'Dk.
e/;o L ;/m ih, pZ; B/ nkgD/ NkJhw ’s/ nkT[Dk, xpokT[D Bkb S/sh BjhA nk ikDk.
;/m L iBkp, n;hA sK s[jkv/ Bkb'A th ekjb/ nK. ;kvk jIkoK dk B[e;kB j' fojk J/.
;tkoh L nrbh pZ; ed'A e[ nkt/rh <
e/;o L e'Jh fBPfus ;wK BjhA.
fJ;soh L ;qhwkB ih, xpokU Bk, pkp{ b'e ;G nkg'^nkgD/ d|soK ftZu ub/ rJ/ B/, j[D ;kvh Jh tkoh J/.
e/;o L phph ih, s[jkv/ j[zfdnK xpokjN feZdK j' ;edh J/. fiE/
iBkBh j't/ fJT[A brdk, fit/A gotko ftZu p?m/ j[zd/ nK. w?A sK efjzdk Gkt/A Pkw sZe Bk nkt/.
;/m L eh fejk, Pkw sZe BjhA nkT[Dh <
e/;o L ;/m ih, i/ s[jkƒ pj[s ekjbh J/, sK N?e;h feT[A BjhA eo b?Ad/.
;/m L GkJh ;kjp, i/ n;hA o'I N?e;hnK ’s/ uVQhJ/ sK c/o yNhnK fet/A yNhJ/.
e/;o L ;/m ;kjp sK fJ; n;{b d/ ekfJb B/—uwVh ikJ/ go dwVh Bk ikJ/.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE wy"b LwIke
esko Lgzesh
(bkJhB) ekjb/ Libdh ftZu G[zi/ bZE/ Lgo/PkB j'Dk
nV LnNe ikDk
yNhnK LewkJhnK yNhJ/ LewkJhJ/
ekfJb LwzBD tkb/
dwVh Lg?;k
;/m L GkJh ;kjp, ikB wko e/ g?;k ewkJhdk J/.
e/;o L d{i/ dh ikB wko e/ fe nkgDh <
(;ko/ jZ; g?Ad/ jB)
;/m L e'Jh BjhA ikB wkodk nZi^ebQ fe;/ ykso. b'e pV/ f;nkD/
j' rJ/ B/.
w[zvk L p{N gkbP eotk bt', pkp{ ih p{N gkbP.
e/;o L b? gJh sz{ uzrk t/b/ f;o pj[fVnk J/A.
fJ;soh L fJj pV/ j[fPnko j[zd/ B/, fiE/ b'eh T[vhe ftZu j'D T[E/ Io{o g[Zid/ B/.
e/;o L uzrk ;r'A ftjb/ pzfdnK ƒ nkjo/ bkJh oZyd/ B/. T[vhe wfj;{; BjhA j'D fdzd/.
w[zvk L phph ih, ;?Avb gkbP eotk bU, fbP^fbP eoB bZr g?Dr/.
fJ;soh L fezB/ g?;/ bt/Ark <
w[zvk L i' woIh d/ d/Dk.
fJ;soh L gfjb'A dZ;, s[;hA b'e fgZS'A MrVk eod/ U.
w[zvk L ;ko/ fJZe' fij/ BjhA j[zd/ phph ih.
e/;o L fJBQK dh ;?Avb nZXh ;tkoh J/. uwV/ tZb sK d/y Iok e[
nZvh e'b J/ iK c/o E'VQk fijk r{m/ gk;.
;/m L ;kok g?o Bzrk ofjzdk J/. (u'o nZy Bkb fJ;soh tZb t/ydk j?.)
e/;o L G?D ih, fJBQK g?;/ X/b/ ƒ jtk BjhA bZrD d/Dh.
;/m L Gfbnk b'ek g?;k e'b oZyhdk jh BjhA ;G fpiB?; ’s/ bk Svhdk J/.
e/;o L nzdo'A nzdoh d{D ;tkfJnk j[zdk ofjzdk J/.
;/m L nk\o g?;/ B/ jh g?;/ ƒ ewkT[Dk J/A.
fJ;soh L (g?o nZr/ eodh j'Jh) pj[s uzrk gkbP eodk J/A.
d/y' wz{j ftu'A fd;D bZr fgnk J/.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE ikB wkoe/ LfwjBs
eoe/
pj[fVnk LnkfJnk T[vhe LfJzsIko nkjo/ Lezw^Xzd/
fbP^fbP LuweD r{m/ Lnzr{m/
d{D ;tkfJnk Ld[rDk, tXDk
e/;o L PhPk sK fwb Jh frnk J/. s[;hA j[D w/eng P[o{ eo fdU.
(;ko/ jZ; g?Ad/ jB. fJ;soh th e/;o tZb t/y e/
w[;eokT[Adh j?)
fJ;soh L pj[s fwjBsh w[zvk J/. fezB/ e[ g?;/ ewk b?Adk J/A <
wz[vk L fJj' ih o[fgnk^X/bh.
fJ;soh L p;.
wz[vk L w?A pj[sk bkbu BjhA eodk ih, p; ch; ’s/ feskpK i'r/ ewk b?Adk jK. o'Nh i'r/ wK eZgV/ f;T[A e/ ewk b?Adh J/.
fJ;soh L (jwdodh Bkb) s/ok fgT[ e'Jh BjhA <
w[zvk L BjhA ih gkfe;skB ;w/A esb j' frnk ;h.
e/;o L pj[s ;wMdko bVek J/.
fJ;soh L fejVh iwks ftZu gVQdk J/A.
w[zvk L B"thA iwks ftZu ih.
fJ;soh L fejV/ ;e{b ftZu.
w[zvk L (jZE Bkb fJPkok eoe/) n"j J/ ih ;kjwD/ ;e{b.
fJ;soh L sz{ |h; wk| eotk b?Dh ;h.
w[zvk L noIh fdZsh j'Jh J/ gfjbK sK wk| ;h.
e/;o L pVk T[dwh bVek J/.
w[zvk L pkjob/ w[beK ftZu ftfdnkoEh nkg ewk e/ gVQd/ B/. phph ih, ;kv/ d/; ftZu ni/ ezw dk ;fseko BjhA.
fJ;soh L s/o/ tor/ j'Djko pZu/ Io{o eo d/Dr/ fJE/ th, PkpkP.
w[zvk L bU d/y bU phph ih.
fJ;soh L (go; ftZu'A g?;/ eZY e/) nkj b? d[nkBh.
w[zvk L fwjopkBh ih.
fJ;soh L fwjopkBh fejVh rZb dh, sz{ ezw eoe/ g?;/ ewkJ/ B/.
;/m L j?A ` d[nkBh ` phph ih s[;hA sK Gkn ftrkV fdZsk J/. w?A nkg p{N gkbP eotkD/ ;B.
fJ;soh L ;/m ih, fdb tZvk oZyDk ukjhdk J/.
e/;o L fdb j? Jh feZE/, uoph ftZu ;kok b[fenk fgnk J/.
w[zvk L ;/m ih, g?o nZr/ eo', i' woIh d/ d/Dk. (;/m d/ p{NK ƒ jZE bkT[Adk j?)
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
X/bh LnmZBh
(gzikj g?;/) i'r/ Lr[Iko/
bkfJe f;T[A Lf;bkJh noIh LfpB/^gZso T[dwh Lfjzwsh
w[beK Ld/;K
d[nkBh Ld' nkB/
(o[gJ/ dk nZmtK fjZ;k, fJZe nkB/
ftZu S/ g?;/
j[zd/ jB) Gkn Lehws, w[Zb
uoph Lwk;
