CMFRI
bulletin 44
Part Three
FEBRUARY 1991
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N A T I O N A L SYMPOSIUM O N
RESEARCH A N D D E V E L O P M E N T IN MARINE FISHERIES
M A N D A P A M C A M P 16-18 September 1987
Papers Presented Sessions V. VI & VII
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C E N T R A L M A R I N E FISHERIES R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E ( I n d i a n C o u n c i l o f A g r i c u l t u r a l R e s e a r c h )
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CMFRI
bulletin 44
Part Three
FEBRUARY 1991
YEADS
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N A T I O N A L SYMPOSIUM O N
RESEARCH A N D DEVELOPMENT IN MARINE FISHERIES
MANDAPAM CAMP 16-18 September 1987
Papers Presented Sessions V, VI & VII
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'<3S|«i^^CENTRAL MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE {Indian CpunQll of Agricultural Raaaaroh)
F. B. No. 2 7 0 4 , E. R. Q. Road, Cochln-682 0 3 1 , India
Bulletins are issued periodically by Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute to interpret current Icnowledge in the various fields of research on marine fisheries and allied subjects in India.
Copyright Reserved
®
Published by Dr. P. S. B. R. JAMES
Director
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute E. R. G. Road
Cochin-682 031, India
Editorial Commlttaa Dr K ALAGARSWAMI
Dr K ALAGARAJA Shri M S MUTHU Dr K J MATHEW
Dr N GOPINATHA MENON
Limited Circulstlon
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN FISHERIES
Paper 66
Y. Sreekrishna and R. S. Biradar Central Institute of Fisheries Education,
Versova, Bombay -61.
ABSTRACT
Human resources development Is an important part of fisheries development. Keeping Hifs in view, the Government of India eslat>iished the Central Institute of Rshedes Education (CIFE) at Bombay In 1961. The Institute during Its eventful 25 years of service h M provided the requisite trained manpower at different levels for fisheries development, industry, research, education, training and extension. In adtntlon to regular courses, a large number of short term training programmes on selected topics have also been conducted at national and Inlemallonal levels to meet specific demands. The Institute is today recognised as the centre of excellence in higher education in fisheries.
INTRODUCTION
India ranks seventh among the leading fish producing countries of the world with the present total fish production of 2.8 million tons. The Government of India has fixed a target of 4 mil- lion tons of fish production by the end of Vllth Five Year Plan. International conference on Fish- eries Development 2000 A.D., held at New Delhi
in 1985 has envisaged a target of 6 million tons with 3 million tons expected to come from marine fisheries. Trained manpower at different levels is of paramount importance to achieve this tar- get. These manpower requirements can only t>e met through suitably structured multi-disciplinary educational programmes. The paper briefly dis- cusses the present facilities availatrie for Fish- 488 i
eries Education, Training and Extension at CIFE alongwith the suggestions to re-orient it to meet the national needs.
HISTORICAL REVIEW
Fisheries education and training in India commenced with the starting of two All-India fisheries training courses of one year duration, one each for inland and marine fisheries. The former course was started at the Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore in 1948 and the latter at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Madras (later Mandapam) in 1950. The centre for marine fisheries training was closed later due to lack of trainees. Almost during the same period. State Governments of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu started diploma level course in their respective polytech- nics. Except the one in Tamil Nadu, the courses in other states were discontinued later.
Introduction of mechanised fishing fleet dur- ing the fifties, led to the establishment of chain of fisherman training centres in different mar- itime states starting with Satpati (Maharashtra) training centre in 1954. These centres imparl training to fishermen on various aspects of oper- ation, maintainance of small mechanised fishing boats, modern fishing methods, navigation and seamanship.
Consequent to the introduction of various fisheries developmental programmes during the first and second five year plans, the need for trained manpower was strongly felt. The Gov- ernment of India, constituted a Committee on Fisheries Education in 1959 to suggest suitable measures to meet the manpower requirement.
The Committee in its report pointed out that inone of the existing Universities and colleges of the country could provide the required spe- cialised education and training in fisheries, and recommended establishment of a post-graduate framing centre to impart training to district level officers deputed by various State Governments.
This led to the establishment of central Insti- tute of Fishereis Education (CIFE), at Bombay in
1961. The Committee also recommended cre- ation of another centre to meet the trained man- power for ocean-going fishing vessels and the fishing industry. The Central Institute of Fisheries Operatives (CIFO) now called Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and Engineering Training (CIFNET) was established in 1963, at Cochin for this purpose.
Two centres for imparting training to inland fisheries operatives were established in 1967 one each at Agra (Uttar Pradesh) and Hyder- abad (Andhra Pradesh) under the administrative control of CIFE, Bombay. During the same year, the Inland Fisheries Training Centre at Barrack- pore established in 1948 also came into the fold of CIFE, Bombay. The operative training centre at Hyderabad was later converted into Central Fish- eries Extension training centre in 1973. The CIFE came under the administrative control of ICAR in 1979. During 1986, the Operative Training Centre at Agra and Fisheries Extension Train- ing Centre at Hyderabad were shifted to Chinhat (Uttar Pradesh) and Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh) respectively.
Some of the Universities of Agricultural Sci- ences established fisheries colleges to impart graduate/post-graduate courses in fisheries dur- ing late sixties and seventies. Few traditional universities and Indian Institutes of technology also introduced specialised course in fisheries and allied aspects.
PRESENT FACILITIES AND ACHIEVE- MENTS - CIFE, BOMBAY.
The CIFE with its Head Quarters at Bom- bay has 3 training centres one each at Barrack- pore (West Bengal), Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh) and Chinhet (Uttar Pradesh). It has 2 fresh water fish farms one each at Balabhadrapu- ram (Andhra Pradesh) and Powarkheda (Madhya Pradesh) and a brackish water fish farm at Kak- inada (Andhra Pradesh), which form main field facilities for imparting practical training on fresh and brackishwater aquaculture. For imparting ship board training, the Institute has acquired sophisticated training cum research vessel 'M.V.
Saraswati'. The major objectives of the Institute are -
(a) To conduct under-graduate, post- graduate and doctoral degree pro- grammes in fisheries science.
(b) To conduct research in basic disciplines viz., genetics, nutrition, ichthyopathol- ogy, reproduction, physiology etc.
(c) To conduct short-term and long-term training courses in different specialised disciplines of fisheries science.
(d) To demonstrate on a limited scale the proven technologies developed by the I.C.A.R. fisheries institutes.
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1. Regular courses
At its headquarter's Bombay the Institute of- fers a multidisciplinary two year post-graduate diploma course in fishery science, with an in- take capacity of 40 condidates per year. The course is comprehensive one, covering all es- sential aspects of fishery science and prepares the candidates to be development officers to work efficiently both in the inland and marine fisheries. They have also been found to fit well in research, teaching and industrial sectors. A very high component of field work and practical training is the main feature of this course. The students have 1 month of ship board training, 2 months of field work in farms and 2 1/2 months of educational tour to various places of fisheries importance. They prepare a comprehensive field report and also work for dissertation on a specific topic in fisheries. These dissertations now form a store house of knowledge on various aspects of fisheries science.
The Institute also conducts a 2 years M.Sc.
course in Fisheries Management with affiliation to the University of Bombay. Many Universities have recognised the Institute as a study centre for Masters and Doctoral degrees by research in Applied Zoology and Bio-chemistry.
The Institute runs a one year post-graduate certificate course in Inland Fisheries Develop- ment and Administration at its Barrackpore Cen- tre. The course is primarily designed to train in- service candidates of the state fisheries depart- ments and organisations with intake capacity of 40. The course content includes fishery biology, resources.their conservation, inland aquaculture, fishery engineering, technology, fisheries eco- nomics and management.
At its extension training centre in Kakinada, the Institute offers 10 months post-graduate cer- tificate course on fisheries extension methods and techniques for the benefit of in-service per- sonnel deputed by the state fisheries depart- ments and organisations. The intake capacity of the course is 25. The course content includes fish breeding, fish culture, extension techniques and transfer of technology.
The training centre of the Institute at Chinhet conducts 9 months post-matric course in inland fisheries operatives to the inservice personnel
deputed by the various state fisheries depart- ments and organisations. The annual admission capacity of the course is 40. The course content includes aspects of inland fisheries of India, fish
seed production and culture techniques, rever- ine and reservoir fisheries.
The Institute at its headquarters and centres has so far trained 2746 candidates under differ- ent courses, including 77 candidates sponsored from neighbouring countries of Africa and Asia.
During its 25 years of service the Institute has provided trained manpower at different levels re- quired for planning and development of fisheries.
The Institute can be proud in that, many of its trainees continue to occupy pivotal postition in fisheries organisations, in India and neighbouring countries like Nigeria, Fiji, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Sudan.
2. Short-term courses
The CIFE, Bombay conducts 2 regular short term courses every year, one on the manage- ment of 'Fresh Water Fish Farms' and the other on management of 'Brackish Water Fish Farms' at its fresh water and brackishwater fish farms in Balabhadrapuram and Kakinada respectively for the benefit of fish farmers, entrepreneurs and
educated unemployed youths.
In these programmes the major emphasis is laid on practical training starting from handling of the brooder till the fry is reared for sale. As a result of these short term programmes, large number of fish seed farms have come up in the private sector. Besides these two regular short term programmes, the Institute has been running courses of short duration varying from 5 days to 6 months on different aspects of fisheries at its headquarters, sub-centres and field centres for different target groups. So far 1022 persons have been trained in these short term programnies.
The Institute played a key role in bringing vo- cationalisation in fisheries. In collaboration with the NCERT, New Delhi, the Institute conducted a short term programme in 'Fisheries for voca- tioal teachers' for the first time in the country. It was followed up by preparing instructional man- ual/syllabus in fisheries at 10 + 2 level to be adopted at the national level. To upgrade the knowledge and practical skills of fisheries teach- ers in the management of fish seed farms, a prac- tical short term training was conducted at the Institute's Fresh Water Fish Farm, Balabhadra- puram. The Institute has also been actively in- volved in the development of vocational courses in fisheries at the state level for the Government of Maharashtra.
Recognising the Institute's role in human re- sources development in fisheries, the Interna- 490
tional organisations like FAO/UNDP, Common- wealth secretatiat have been sponsoring training programmes at the Institute for the participants from various developing countries in different as- pects of fisheries development. The duration of the training varied from a few days to 3 months.
3. Research accomplishments
The research carried out at the Institute has led to the development of many systems for de- velopment and utilisation of fisheries resources.
These include:
(a) Development of carp and prawn hatchery systems, including live and formulated feed for fish and prawn larvae.
(b) Fish stock assessment in north-west In- dian EEZ.
(c) Development of fish products based on low value fish.
(d) Fish seed production in semi-arid areas and culture of marine prawns and fish in Inland saline soils of Haryana.
4. Transfer of technology
Demonstrations of proven technologies de- veloped by the Institute have led to extension and transfer of the same for the benefit of users.
A few are mentioned below:
(a) Installation of a number of CIFE D-81 hatcheries in many states of India with significantly good results.
(b) The technology guidance and extension support of the Institute, have led to the adoption of fish-based mixed farming by a large number of farmers in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh totalling over 160.
RE-ORIENTATION OF THE EXISTING PROGRAMMES
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research proposed to develop CIFE into a deemed to be University, and re-organise the existing pro- grammes. The presently conducted two year diploma course in fisheries science at the head- quarters will be converted into a Masters degree course. In additon, the Institute will also start an under graduate course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Fisheries Science.
The existing one year certificate course in inland fisheries administration and development at Barrackpore would be upgraded into a two year M.Sc. in inland fisheries and aquaculture. The centre will also run a course leading to Bachelor
of Fisheries Science with special emphasis on inland fisheries.
The certificate course on fisheries exten- sion techniques and methods at Kakinada will be strengthened by including aspects of marine fisheries extension and integrated rural develop- ment.
The existing nine months operatives training course at Chinhet will be phased out gradually and replaced by short term programmes of 4 to 5 months duration in certain specialised areas for the benefit of state deputees.
Doctoral programmes will also be initiated at the headquarters in different disciplines. The post-graduate programmes will be conducted in close collaboration with other ICAR Institutes by making use of their infra-structural facilities and expertise.
CENTRAL FISHERIES UNIVERSITY The CIFE, Bombay is the pioneer fisheries educational institute in the country. It has been imparting post-graduate education in fisheries since its inception and has developed elaborate and diversified infrastructure facilities required for effective insturction in all aspects of fisheries.
Since 1969, some of the Agricultural Univer- sities have also started imparting undergradu- ate/post-graduate courses in fisheries in their colleges of fisheries. At present there are six fisheries colleges in the country and some more are in the offing. Some of the traditional univer- sities and Indian Institutes of Technology also offer courses in fisheries and allied sciences.
Fisheries is multi-disciplinary applied sci- ence. For imparting effective instruction in fish- eries, shopisticated equipments, laboratory facil- ities, ocean going vessels etc., are needed be- sides experts in diverse disciplines. Institutions without essential infra-structure facilities and re- sources are bound to turn out graduates/post- graduates with different levels of educational at- tainments. To avoid such a situation, it is sug- gested that Central Fisheries University should be set up to maintain uniform standards in respect of course content, duration etc., throughout the country for similar courses run by different organ- isations. The University could also be entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring adequacy and skill of teaching staff and adequacy of infrastruc- ture facilities. Creation of such a University will go a long way in ensuring standard and quality of fisheries education in the country.
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