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z g§§nmXH$ _§S>b 1

z g§nmXH$s` 2

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H$s Ad{Y H$m h¡, O~ gyú_ Am¡a bKw CÚmoJm| H$mo _mÝ`Vm Xr J`r, amîQ´>r` bKw CÚmoJ {ZJ_ H$s ñWmnZm (1955) H$s J`r VWm amÁ`

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(5)

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na ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm Ho$ Bg _hËdnyU© joÌ Zo {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ŠbñQ>a _m°S>b H$mo AnZm`m, {OgH$m {dñV¥V n[aM` n{ÌH$m H$s H$m`©H$mar g§nmXH$ lr_Vr gm{dÌr qgh Zo AnZo boI "E_EgE_B© Ho$ {dH$mg _| ŠbñQ>a _m°S>b H$m `moJXmZ' _| H$am`m h¡ & {H$gr ^r CÚ_ Ho$ {dH$mg _| à{ejU Am¡a H$m¡eb H$s CëboIZr` ^y{_H$m ahVr h¡ Am¡a Bg _hËdnyU© nhby na àH$me S>mbm h¡ - lr {dO`

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E_EgE_B© joÌ H$m ã`m¡aodma g_mdoe H$aZo Ho$ gmW-gmW Xoe-Xþ{Z`m H$s ZdrZV_ Am{W©H$-{dËVr` J{V{d{Y`m| H$mo ^r ZμOa§XmO Zht {H$`m J`m h¡ Am¡a BÝh| g§jon _| COmJa {H$`m h¡ - n{ÌH$m H$s g§nmXH$s` g{_{V Ho$ gXñ`-g{Md lr Ho$. gr. _mbnmZr Zo AnZo boI "Ky_Vm AmB©Zm' _|, {Oggo A~ VH$ Bg n{ÌH$m Ho$ nmR>H$ ^br-^m§{V n[a{MV hmo MwHo$ h¢ &

n{ÌH$m Ho$ nmR>H$m| H$mo ha gmb EH$ {deofm§H$ H$m B§VμOma ahVm h¡ & _wPo {dídmg h¡ {H$ Bg {deofm§H$ Ho$ O[aE {díd Ho$ Vrgao g~go

~‹S>o OZ g_wXm` H$s ^mfm qhXr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go gyú_, bKw Am¡a _Pm¡bo CÚmoJm| Ho$ {bE kmZ ~m§Q>Zo H$m Omo ^JraW à`mg {H$`m J`m h¡, dh Bg n{ÌH$m Ho$ nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE _mJ©Xeu H$m H$m`© H$aoJm &

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gwPmd ramakantgupta@rbi.org.in AWdm savitrisingh@rbi.org.in Zm_H$ B©-_ob nVm| na AWdm S>mH$ go Adí` ào{fV H$a|, Vm{H$ h_ Bg n{ÌH$m H$mo CZH$s μOê$aVm| Ho$ A{YH$ AZwHy$b ~Zm gH|$ &

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HŸs EHŸ ~¡RHŸ ~wbmB©& BZ à_wI bmoJmo§ _o§ Mo[Å`ma, Aæ`a, Aæ`§Jma, JwOamVs, _wpñb_ Am[X g_mO HoŸ [d[^ÝÝm dJmoª HoŸ ì`[º Wo& ls ds. H¥ŸîUñdm_s Aæ`a HoŸ g\Ÿb à`ËZmo§

HoŸ \Ÿbñdê$n 05 _mM© 1907 HŸmo _oas ñWmnZm hwB©& Cg g_` _oam Zm_ ""B§[S`Z ~¡§HŸ [b[_QoS'' Wm& _mÌ 20 bmI énE HŸs àm[YH¥ŸV ny±Os go _¡§Zo AnZm HŸmamo~ma 15 AJñV

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_¡§Zo MoÝZ¡ _o§ n¡ar EÊS HŸånZr HoŸ ^dZ HoŸ EHŸ [hñgo go AnZm HŸm_ ewê [HŸ`m& VËníÀmmV² OwbmB© 1910 _o§ _oam àYmZ HŸm`m©b` ZmW© ~sM amoS (A~ amOmOr gmb¡), _Ðmg pñWV ~¡§qQHŸ ^dZ _o§ Mbm J`m& BgHoŸ ~mX _B© 1970 _o§

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(13)

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g_J« Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌ Ho$ _wH$m~bo E_EgE_B© H$s g§d¥{Õ Xa ha g_` ~ohVa ahr h¡ &

{nN>bo Xg df© H$s Ad{Y _| E_EgE_B© Ûmam {H$E JE {Z`m©Vm| _| ^mar d¥{Õ hþB© h¡ & hmbm§{H$, BZH$s {Z`m©V dñVwAm| _| H$moB©

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_| {d{dYVm H$s H$m\$s J§wOmBe h¡ &

E_EgE_B© - {deofVmE§

h_Zo D$na `h XoIm h¡ {H$ E_EgE_B© g_mZVm Am¡a g_mdoeZ Ho$ gmW g§d¥{Õ Ho$ amîQ´>r` CÔoí` Ho$ {bE ~hþV _hËdnyU©

h¢ & BZH$s Hw$N> _w»` {deofVmE§ g§jon _| {ZåZmZwgma h¢ …-

1. BZ_| H$_ {Zdoe H$s Oê$aV hmoVr h¡ &

2. BZ_| n[aMmbZJV bMrbmnZ _m¡OyX h¡ &

3. `o {Z`m©Vm| go H$m\$s Am` A{O©V H$aVo h¢ &

4. BÝh| AnZo CËnmXZ/godmAm| Ho$ {bE Am`m{VV _mb H$s `m Vmo {~ëHw$b ^r Oê$aV Zht hmoVr `m {\$a ~hþV H$_ Oê$aV hmoVr h¡ &

5. BZ_| Cn`wŠV ñdXoer àm¡Úmo{JH$s H$m {dH$mg H$aZo H$s j_Vm _m¡OyX h¡ &

6. `o ajm g§~§Yr Oê$aVm| Ho$ {bE Amny{V© H$aZo _| gj_ h¢ &

7. `o àm¡Úmo{JH$r CÝ_wI CÚ_ h¢ &

8. BZ_| Kaoby Am¡a {dXoer ~mOma _| à{VñnYm©Ë_H$ ~Zo ahZo H$s j_Vm _m¡OyX h¡ &

E_EgE_B© na J{R>V Zm`a g{_{V H$s OZdar 2010 _|

àñVwV [anmoQ>© Ho$ AZwgma E_EgE_B© 6000 go ^r A{YH$ CËnmXm|

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{~H«$s) g§Xrn OwZoOm Ho$ AZwgma ^maV Ho$ gyú_, bKw Am¡a _Ü`_

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Ano{jV {dÎm CnbãY Zht hmo nmVm &

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{d{Z`m_H$ T>m§Mm, G$U _yë`m§H$Z, Omo{I_ à~§YZ VWm {ZJamZr

(14)

H$s gwñWm{nV àUm{b`m| H$m A^md VWm E_EgE_B© Ho$ g§~§Y _|

{dœgZr` G$U gyMZmAm| H$m A^md em{_b h¡ & O~ VH$ {H$

bKw CÚ_m| Ho$ ~mao _| C{MV Am¡a {dñV¥V OmZH$mar CnbãY Zht hmoVr, ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ {H$ ~¢H$ CÝh| {dÎm àXmZ H$aHo$ Omo{I_ boZo go ~M|Jo, dmñVd _|, do ^maVr` [aμOd© ~¢H$ Ho$ {ZXoem| H$m nmbZ {XImZo Ho$ {bE AnojmH¥$V ~‹S>o CÚ_m|/_Pm¡bo CÚ_m| H$mo {dÎm àXmZ H$a ImZmny{V© H$a XoVo h¢& Bg àH$ma, E_EgE_B© H$s {dÎmr`

pñW{V _| nmaX{e©Vm H$o A^md Ho$ H$maU CÝh| ~¢H$m| Ûmam {dÎm àXmZ H$aZo _| H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡ & dmñVd _|, ~¢H$ {ZåZ{b{IV H$maUm| go E_EgE_B© H$mo G$U XoZo _| AmZmH$mZr H$aVo h¢ …-

1. BZ CÚ_m| H$mo G$U àXmZ H$aZo _| bJZo dmbr Cƒ àemg{ZH$

bmJV|

2. BZ CÚ_m| Ho$ ~mao _| ghr Am¡a {dœgZr` gyMZmAm| H$m A^md

3. BÝh| G$U XoZo _| {Z{hV Cƒ Omo{I_

4. O_mZV/g§nm{œ©H$ H$m A^md

Cn`©wŠV H${R>ZmB`m| H$mo XoIVo hþE, dm{UpÁ`H$ Am¡a AÝ`

{dÎmr` g§ñWmAm| Zo E_EgE_B© Ho$ {bE G$U Jma§Q>r `moOZm ewê$

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~r_m H$s Jma§Q>r Xr OmVr h¡ & gmW hr, E_EgE_B© CÚ_m| Ho$ H$B©

g§Km| Zo ZE CÚ{_`m| H$s g§nm{œ©H$ O_mZV hoVw ~¢H$m| Am¡a AÝ`

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{H$`m h¡ & CŠV G$Êm Jma§Q>r {Z{Y Ý`mg {gS>~r H$s {ZJamZr _|

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Ho$ H$moB© ^r CÚ_, Mmho dh N>moQ>m hmo `m ~‹S>m, Zht nZn gH$Vm &

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_| hmoVo h¢, AV… CÝh| CZ AmYma^yV gw{dYmAm| Ho$ A^md go OyPZm hmoVm h¡ Omo CZHo$ {dH$mg Am¡a CËnmXm| Ho$ ZdmoÝ_of VWm {dnUZ Ho$ {bE Oê$ar hmoVo h¢ & gmW hr, ehar, AY©ehar Am¡a J«m_rU BbmH$m| _| Eogr gw{dYmAm| H$s An`m©áVm Am¡a AZwnbãYVm

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H$m\$s H${R>ZmB© _hgyg H$aVo h¢ &

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gm_mÝ` AmYma^yV gw{dYmAm| Ho$ Abmdm, CÚmoJ {deof Ho$

{bE Oê$ar AmYma^yV gw{dYmE§ O¡go gw{dH${gV Am¡Úmo{JH$ g§nXm/

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A^md H$mo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE gaH$mar Am¡a J¡a-gaH$mar ñVa na Am¡a ^r JhZ à`mg {H$E OmZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡ &

CËnmX-AmajU - E_EgE_B© CÚ_m| H$mo g§ajU XoZo H$s ÑpîQ> go gaH$ma Zo Hw$N> dñVwAm| Am¡a godmAm| H$m CËnmXZ Ho$db bKw joÌ Ûmam {H$E OmZo Ho$ {bE hr Ama{jV {H$`m hþAm Wm & Bg gyMr _|

800 go ^r Á`mXm CËnmX em{_b Wo, {OZ_| A{YH$m§eV… amOZr{VH$

H$maUm| go Am¡a {~Zm H$moB© R>mog dOhm| go ~ma-~ma n[adV©Z {H$`m OmVm ahm h¡ & {d{^Þ AÜ``Zm| Zo Bg Amoa ñnîQ> ê$n go B§{JV {H$`m h¡ {H$ Bg CËnmX AmajU H$m gH$mamË_H$ Aga hmoZo Ho$

~Om` Bggo bKw CÚ_m| H$s CËnmXH$Vm na Imgm {dnarV Aga n‹S>m h¡ & dmñVd _|, Bg AmajU H$m CÔoí` g§ajUdmXr Zr{V Ho$

A§VJ©V ñWmZr` ê$n go CnbãY g§gmYZm| H$m Cn`moJ H$aVo hþE ñWmZr` bmoJm| H$mo amoOJma _wh¡`m H$amZm Wm & na, g§Xogam (1993),

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~mbmgw~«_Ê`m (1995) VWm _m¡[ag (2001) O¡go {dÛmZm| Ûmam {H$E JE AÜ``Zm| Zo `h {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm h¡ {H$ Bg AË`{YH$

{ddmXmñnX Zr{V Ho$ H$maU AZma{jV CËnmXm| H$s VwbZm _| Ama{jV gyMr _| em{_b CËnmXm| H$s VH$ZrH$s AXjVm H$m _wÔm H$m\$s Ah_ h¡ & BZ AÜ``Zm| _| Bg AmajU Zr{V H$s ì`mdhm[aH$Vm Am¡a Ag§JVVm na ^r àH$me S>mbm J`m h¡ & {OZ _w»` _wÔm| H$mo gm_Zo bm`m J`m, do h¢ -

Ama{jV gyMr _| A{YH$m§eV… amOZ¡{VH$ Am¡a {d{hV {hVm|

H$s dOh go ~ma-~ma n[adV©Z {H$`m OmVm ahm h¡ &

Ama{jV _Xm| Ho$ {Z_m©U H$m`© _| bJr gyú_ Am¡a bKw BH$mB`m|

H$mo Bggo g§~§{YV Zr{V Ho$ ~mao _| H$moB© OmZH$mar Zht hmoVr

`m {\$a ~hþV H$_ OmZH$mar hmoVr h¡ &

Ama{jV gyMr _| em{_b hmoZo go nyd© {OZ _Xm| H$m _Ü`_

Am¡a ~‹S>o CÚ_m| Ûmam CËnmXZ {H$`m OmVm Wm, CZH$m CËnmXZ do CZ _Xm| Ho$ AmajU gyMr _| em{_b hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r Omar aIVo h¢&

Ama{jV gyMr _| em{_b CËnmXm| H$s JwUdÎmm AŠga g§VmofOZH$ Zht nmB© OmVr (Xmg, 2006 : 116 - 117)&

E_EgE_B© H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo AÝ` H$maH$

E_EgE_B© Ho$ _mJ© _| ~mYH$ Cn`©wŠV à_wI VËdm| Ho$ Abmdm CZHo$ H$m`©{ZînmXZ H$mo {dnarV ê$n go à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo Hw$N>

AÝ` H$maH$ h¢ -

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noeodamZm éI H$m A^md

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AZw^d

{dœ ì`mnma g§JR>Z àUmbr Ho$ à^md H$m gm_Zm H$aZo _|

gj_ Z hmoZm

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g_ñ`m

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5. AmYma^yV gw{dYm, àm¡Úmo{JH$s Am¡a XjVm-{dH$mg g§~§Yr

6. H$amYmZ g§~§Yr &

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(16)

Eogo Cnm` {OZ na VËH$mb H$ma©dmB© H$s Oê$aV h¡

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(17)

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(18)

VWm ZE N>moQ>o Am¡Oma H$j Am¡a {dnUZ ghm`Vm H$jm|

H$s ñWmnZm &

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_| J{R>V Cƒ ñVar` {ZJamZr g{_{V go `h Amem H$s Om gH$Vr h¡

{H$ E_EgE_B© Ho$ {dH$mg Am¡a g§d¥{Õ Ho$ {bE Omo H$X_ CR>mE JE h¢/CR>mE Om aho h¢ CZH$m nyam H$m`m©Ýd`Z gw{Z{üV hmo gHo$Jm &

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