Overview
Overview – – ICT4SED ICT4SED
UdayUday DesaiDesai
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~ubdesai www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~ubdesai
ubdesai@ee.iitb.ac.in ubdesai@ee.iitb.ac.in
ICT as a Socio-Political-Techno System
ICT for
Development
Technology
Industry /
Local Entrep.
Govt. / Policy
Community Organization Financial
Institutions
Use of ICT for Bridging Digital
Use of ICT for Bridging Digital - - X X
Education DivideEducation Divide
Health DivideHealth Divide
Income DivideIncome Divide
Opportunity DivideOpportunity Divide
Improve quality of lifeImprove quality of life
Many in the upper strata of the society have Many in the upper strata of the society have benefited from ICT
benefited from ICT
The question today is: How can we take this benefit The question today is: How can we take this benefit to a much larger section of the society; rural areas to a much larger section of the society; rural areas and small towns
and small towns
PURA: Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas PURA: Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas ((www.presidentofindia.nic.inwww.presidentofindia.nic.in))
Some Illustrative Examples
Some Illustrative Examples
• Village in Madurai
• Lady’s finger was turning yellow
• Web-cam image was sent to Madurai Agriculture college
• They diagnosed it as “yellow mosaic disease” and suggested a remedy
• The farmer was able to save nearly one lakkh
Before
After
ICT support for Agriculture (TeNeT -IITM)
• Goat had a wound near its mouth
• Could not eat
• A web-cam picture sent to the vet college in Madurai
• The suggestions from the vet cured the goat in
two days
ICT for Veterinary Support (TeNeT-IITM)
Rural ATM Rural ATM
• Urban ATMs cost Rs.8 lakhs
• Develop a rural ATM for Rs. 40k
• Will generate cash flow in rural areas at market defined interest rates
aAQUA Q&A forum (IIT-Bombay)
Farmers can access Agri- extension services.
They can ask questions in their own language and get information more relevant to the local context.
web-based archived searchable multilingual
Bhav Puchiye – What is the Price? (IITB)
Keylekh: Devanagiri Key Board (IITB)
Devices for enabling easy input in Indian languages.
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Proposed Models for
Proposed Models for on the field on the field assessment assessment of of microcredit microcredit risk risk
Model 1:
• Field Operator uses SMS enabled GSM phone
• Risk assessment is carried out on a central server
• SMS are used as a communication medium
Model 2:
• Field Operator uses GPRS/3G enabled Smart Phone
• Risk assessment is carried out on the phone itself
• SMS are used as a communication medium
Visual Acuity Test (HP-IITM R & D Labs)
Voice Based Interfaces
Voice Based Interfaces
Partial List of Some ICT4D projects in India Partial List of Some ICT4D projects in India
eSeva, Integrated Citizen eSeva, Integrated Citizen Services, Andhra Pradesh Services, Andhra Pradesh
LokLok MitraMitra and Jan Mitraand Jan Mitra Projects from Rajasthan Projects from Rajasthan
e-e- BillPostBillPost and eand e-- Post Services Post Services of the Department of Posts
of the Department of Posts
RASI (Rural Access to Services RASI (Rural Access to Services through the Internet) earlier through the Internet) earlier
called SARI and n
called SARI and n-- Logue Logue Communications
Communications
GyandootGyandoot
Community Information Community Information Centres
Centres (CIC) Project (Dept. (CIC) Project (Dept.
of Info Tech.,
of Info Tech., Govt.ofGovt.of India)India)
BhoomiBhoomi
DrishteeDrishtee dot. com Ltd. dot. com Ltd.
ITC ITC eChoupaleChoupal
KuppamKuppam i-i- community, Andhra community, Andhra Pradesh
Pradesh
AkshayaAkshaya-- KeralaKerala Govt'sGovt's
Hundred Percent ICT Literacy Hundred Percent ICT Literacy
Project Project
Information Village Research Information Village Research Project
Project-- IVRP by MSSRF IVRP by MSSRF
SwayamSwayam KrishiKrishi SangamSangam (SKS) (SKS)
TARAhaatTARAhaat
GRAMDOOTGRAMDOOT
M. S. SwaminathanM. S. Swaminathan FoundationFoundation
Partial List of Some ICT4D projects in India Partial List of Some ICT4D projects in India ……
ICT for Women’ICT for Women’s s Empowerment Empowerment
Community Radio-Community Radio- DeccanDeccan Development Society
Development Society
Community Radio-Community Radio- KutchKutch Mahila
Mahila VikasVikas SangathanSangathan (KMVS):
(KMVS):
SisuSisu SamrakshakSamrakshak ICTICT--
enabled Child health care enabled Child health care by UNICEF
by UNICEF
Change Initiatives-Change Initiatives- Nabanna
Nabanna-- Empowering Empowering women 94
women 94
SEWASEWA
Research Areas in ICT4D Research Areas in ICT4D
with focus on Small Town and Rural India
with focus on Small Town and Rural India
Networking and Networking and
Information Management Information Management
What is the best, network architecture for What is the best, network architecture for delivering voice, video and data
delivering voice, video and data
Wireless, fiber or copper or combination?Wireless, fiber or copper or combination?
Intermittent or always on connectivity?Intermittent or always on connectivity?
Mobile or stationary?Mobile or stationary?
Mesh Networks?Mesh Networks?
Information management systemsInformation management systems
What kind of informationWhat kind of information
Fast access to information at low cost and over low Fast access to information at low cost and over low bandwidth connectivity
bandwidth connectivity
User Interfaces User Interfaces
Universal User Interface for multiple Universal User Interface for multiple languages and low literacy levels
languages and low literacy levels
SpeechSpeech
Iconic user interfacesIconic user interfaces
TaskTask--specific interfacesspecific interfaces
Universality possible?Universality possible?
Affordable Devices Affordable Devices
Affordability of device and network Affordability of device and network connectivity extremely critical for ICT connectivity extremely critical for ICT penetration
penetration
Are PCs, Hand-Are PCs, Hand-heldshelds the only kind of the only kind of affordable devices?
affordable devices?
OLPC (One Laptop per Child)?OLPC (One Laptop per Child)?
Health Care and Education Health Care and Education
Health Care Health Care
ICT for affordable health care in rural areas ICT for affordable health care in rural areas and small towns
and small towns
Education Education
Training (CADTraining (CAD--CAM etc.)CAM etc.)
LearningLearning
Host of projects at Host of projects at KReSIT KReSIT in e in e - - education education
Power Power
Affordable and Reliable Power Affordable and Reliable Power
Solar PowerSolar Power
Locally generated power with local distribution Locally generated power with local distribution as opposed to centralized distribution system as opposed to centralized distribution system
Low power electronicsLow power electronics
Microfinance and e
Microfinance and e - - Commerce Commerce
Microfinance Microfinance
Micro CreditMicro Credit
Micro TransactionsMicro Transactions
Micro PaymentMicro Payment
What kind of models will be applicableWhat kind of models will be applicable
e e - - Commerce Commerce
How to exploit the ubiquitous cellular How to exploit the ubiquitous cellular technology for microfinance?
technology for microfinance?
e e - - Governance Governance
e.g. e.g. BhoomiBhoomi Project Project –– digitization of land digitization of land records
records
e e - - Banking Banking
Already available for urbanites with Already available for urbanites with reasonable incomes
reasonable incomes
How can this be extended to low income How can this be extended to low income groups and rural areas
groups and rural areas –– rural ATM is step rural ATM is step towards this
towards this
Business Models Business Models
New Business Models New Business Models
for sustainable use of ICT in rural and small for sustainable use of ICT in rural and small town India, as well as urban India
town India, as well as urban India
e.g. we have the lowest cell phone tariff in e.g. we have the lowest cell phone tariff in the world
the world –– 2 cents per minute, based not on 2 cents per minute, based not on technology but clever business models which technology but clever business models which has very low OPEX
has very low OPEX
GrameenGrameen Phone in BangladeshPhone in Bangladesh
nn--LogueLogue
ee--choupalchoupal (ITC)(ITC)
Outsourcing to Rural Areas from Urban Areas
Services Services
Services Services
Which are the services that will be of interest Which are the services that will be of interest to rural population
to rural population
Price of crops?Price of crops?
Price of produce?Price of produce?
??????
Boils down to developing right Boils down to developing right content. content.
Entertainment Entertainment
Affordable Entertainment thru ICT Affordable Entertainment thru ICT
e.g. showing e.g. showing VCDsVCDs is very common in rural kiosksis very common in rural kiosks
Financially lucrativeFinancially lucrative
Issues of providing quality entertainment on Issues of providing quality entertainment on low bandwidth network
low bandwidth network
Questions Questions
Comments Comments
Thoughts Thoughts