INDIAN SHIPPING IN OVERSEAS TRADE ITS GROWTH, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
By
JAGDISH SHETTIGAR
DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
SUBMITTED
IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
oat'.'
TO THE
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI
JULY, 1987
CERT I F-I C A T-E
Certified that Mir. Jagdish Shettigar, who was
permitted for his Ph.D. Degree in Economics of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi on the problem entitled
"INDIAN- SHIPPING IN OVERSEAS TRADE : ITS GROWTH, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS°t has faithfully carried out his study under
my guidance and supervision and that the accompanying thesis, which he is submitting, is his genuine work.
Mr. Jagdish Shettigar has completed necessary
course work and the recuired attendance in the Department.
(Dr. A.L. Agzal)
Associate Professor' in Economics Deptt. of Humanities & Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
1/July, 1987 INDIA
ACKNOWLEDGEJIENT
I Crave been able to complete this study in time due to the cooperation of many people. I am highly
indebted to my supervisor, prof. A.L. Agarwal, Associate Professor in Economics, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT, Delhi. It was his continual guidance and encouragement that made me complete my study in time. I am specially grateful to the members of his family for bearing me smilingly as I used to visit Dr. Agarwal for consultation mostly at odd hours such as evenings and week ends which normally should have been the privilege of his family.
I have been benefited by discussion with people
familiar with the shipping industry. I am specially thankful to Prof. H.B. Desal of the Thdian Institute of Foreign Trade, Mr. S.G. Sundariyal, Secretary (International Relations), Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry,
Mr. H.N. Fotedar, Managing Director, Indian Ports Association and Senior Officials of the Madras Port Trust.
I would not have been able to carry out my research but for access to many libraries which provided me invaluable information. I am thankful to the staff members of all
these libraries, specially those of the Planning Commission, Ministry of Surface Transport, National Council of Applied Economic Research, Indian Council of Social Science Research,
Indian Shippers Council and Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCFL7M) .
i would be failing in my duty if I did not remember the assistance given to .me by many of my friends and
well-wishers in verifying data, proof reading and other secretarial work. I would like to remember, with a sense of gratitude, the assistance given by Mme:. Anand Makkar,
Senior Research Assistant in Economics, IIT, Mr. C. Venugopal, Mr. J.L. Sharma, Mr. Premarajan, Mr. Jagannathan and
Mr. Sampath Kurnar of ASSOCHAM and Mr. J. Rarnakrishnan.
Finally, I am indebted to my parents, who desired strongly that their son attain academic excellence aspired me in completing my work. Willing sacrifice of family enjoyments on the part of my wife and my little daughter helped me a lot in my work; I am grateful to them.
11 July, 1987 (Jagdish Sheetttigar)
CONTENTS
Page
Certificate Acknowledgement
List of Statistical Tables in the Te.
List of Charts
I, Introduction 1-31
1. Shipping and International Trade 1 2. International Shipping Scene 8 3. Shipping Scene in Selected Countries 15 4. Indian Shipping Scene 27 II. Objectives and Methodology 32-47
1. Objectives of the Study 32 2. Data Sources and Methodology 34
3. Period of the Study 38
4. Limitations of the Study 40
5. Survey of Literature 41
I
.
Growth of Indian Shipping 48-64 1. Growth during Five Year Plans 48 2. Indian Fleet and Overseas Cargo 60 IV. India's Foreign Trade and Sea--Borne Trade 65-861. India's Foreign Trade : Analysis 65 2. Estimation of Coefficients of variables
affecting sea-borne Trade 79 V. Projections of Sea-borne Trade and Overseas
Tonnage for 2000 AD 87-102
1. Sea-borne Trade in 2000 AD 89 2. Overseas Cargo expected to be carried by
Indian Vessels in 2000 AD 93 3. Projection of Overseas Tonnage in 2000 AD 99
-:
ii :-VI. Maior Issues before Indian Shipping 103-122 1. Competition from Foreign Lines 103 2. Containerisation in India 107
3. Port Infrastructure 114
VII. Government's Shipping Polio 123-147 1. Financial Assistance to Shipping Companies 123 2. Cargo Reservation Policy 133
VIII. Conclusion 144-170
1. Growth of Indian Shipping during Five Year Plans 148 2. India's Foreign Trade : An Analysis 150 3. Projection of Sea-borne Trade and Overseas GRT 153 4. Competition from Foreign Lines 157
5. Containerisation 159
6. Port Infrastructure 160
7. Financial Assistance from Government 162
8. Cargo Reservation Policy 164
9. Issues for Future Research 167
ANNEXTJRES A.1-A.24
SHIPPING TER14INOLDGY B.1-B.6
BIBLIOGRAPHY C.1-C.12
