Ideological orientation of peasants- an empirical study of impact of maoism on peasants in srikakulam district (Andhra Pradesh)

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►EOLOGICAL ORIENTATION OF PEASANTS-AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF IMPACT OF MAOISM ON PEASANTS IN

SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT (ANDHRA PRADESH)

By

P. RANGA RAO

A Thesis Submitted

In Fulfilment of The Requirements of the Degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI

1985

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CERTIFIC474

I an satisfied that the thesis presented by ter. P. Range Rao is worthy of consideration

for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and is a record of the original bonafide research work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision and that the results contained in it have not been submitted in part or full to any other University or Institute for award of any degree/diploma. I certify that he has pursued the prescribed course of

research.

k,,

L. is

Nadir) Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences,

Isla, Delhi

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. X.L. Nadir for his constant encouragement and

excellent stimulating guidance throughout the course Of this research work. But for his ability, enthusiasm and keen interest in the work, the completion of this thesis would have been an impossible task. My thanks

are also due to Prof. (Mrs.) PurnimaMathur, Head, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi,. for her generous help during my stay in this department. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. S.N. Jha (now Assistant Professor in Centre for Political Studies, SchoOl of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi) with whom I was associated at the initial stage of my research work. I am grateful to Dr. M.P. Jain, Assistant Professor in English language, for his

invaluable suggestions and advice regarding the language of my thesis.

My thanks are due to the respondents in the field area for spending time with me till late nights to enable me to interview them. My thanks are due to those Maoist leaders who have provided me access to the

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rare documents of the party and who have helped in building rapport with the respondents. My thanks are also due to all the officers Who helped me in my data collection.

owe much to my parents and to my elder

brother Shri Pa. Rena Rao, whose unconditional love and support allowed me the freedom to be a researcher.

My thanks are due to my friends and relatives who have always supported me morally and financially

in times of distress and difficulties.

Hy thanks are due to Mr. J.S. Etedi for his painstaking typing of the manuscript neatly.

Lastly, my sincere gratitude to my beloved wife &mammals far her co.operation and inspiration for completing this research work.

iL • i(-°("/)=---

(P. Ranga Rao)

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences,

Delhi*

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SPIVERA

INTRODUCTICV 1.1 The Problem 1.2 The OVectives 1.3 Scope of the Study

1.4 Limitations of the Study 1.5 Chapter Plan

PAGE

1-10 1- 6 6- 7 7 7-8 8-10

MIAPTER It

ME CONCEPT 0' IDEOLOGYI ISSUES

RELATED VIM ITS EMPIRIC& STUDY ^11-34 2.1 Rd yo as Distortion of 11-13

Reality

2.2 The Concept of Ideology and ^13-19 Ideological Mentality

2.3 Ideological liantalitY*ConeePtual

issue* ^19-29

2.4 Ideological nentality 2

Methodological lames ^30-34

2.3 Conclusion ³⁴

CHAPTER YIZ

DErma PEAS/LITS 35-72 3,1 'Peasantry' as a Valid Concept 35-38

3.2 Flerizts Marx* Daze's, Lenin and _38-44

Flat)

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PAGE

3.3

Western Liberal Scholars on

Peasants' Wolf, 1:oore, and

Shanin

3,4 Peasant Classes in India

3.5

Peasant Classes, Caste and Feudal Values

3.6 Present Scheme of Classifi- cation of Peasantry

CHAPTER IV

IDEOLOGY, PEASANT SOOTY AND CULTURE

4.1 Tho Dominant Ideology 4,2 Social Strain

4.3 Centers of Ideaocical Production 4.4 Peasant Society and Culture

4.5 Ideological Trustees 4.6 Conclusion

45-46 46-64 65-69 69-72

73-95 74-79 79-82 82-85 85-92 92-95 95

CRAPTIII V

MAOISM IN INDIA • VARIOUS SiADES

5.1 The Communist Party of India 5.2 The Communist Party of India

(Marxist)

5.3 The

(N Communist Party of India arxisteloninisti

3.4 Maoist Groups

40

Splits

96-129 96-100 100.d. 103 103-109 109-114

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PAGE

114.-116 116...128 128.-429

**5*5 Maoist Groups • Differences 5.6 Operative IdeOlow**

_{of Maas)}

5.7 Causes for D4iPtcrences mom

Maoists

MAKER VI

LARCH ' ,Rom=

=LOCALE

OF THE STUDY

6.1 Locale of tho Study 6.2 Selection of the Sample 6.3 Selection ofilethod

6.4 Background

Data .0

SrikakUlam District

6,5 Respondents

azi taeir Locale

6,6 Conclusion

130...159 130.-132 132..134 134 135-148 148...159

159

MAKER VII

PEASANT I Y coM= ADD

STRUCTIRE 160-172

7.1 Salient Issues and Basic

Orientations*

^160...162 7.2 On the Prosmt

162...166

System

'&3 Govornmental Inatitutions ^166...169

7.4 Conclusion

^169-172

aitPTM VIII

ON IDEOLOGICAL MUST=

8.1

Social Strain.

8.2 Shared EXpariences and

new Bases of Trust

173-211 173-183 183-.187

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Pi=

187-19 2 19 2- 200 200- 208 208- 210 Breakdown of Traditional

Borri CZ'S

8.4 Peasant notaicntion emd Party Hui'tow)

80 Intensification of Party totivitias

8.6 Setbaelt to eto Party Activities

8,7 Collo'mien 210-211

CHAPTER IX

conzunos

^212-216

REFERENCES 217-239

APPENDICEZ

Appendix A 240- 255

Apperrax D 256-289