Study of Power Consumption Monitoring Systems

(1)

Designing a Smarter and Greener Electric Grid:

A S D t D i A h

A Sensor-Data Driven Approach

Study of Power Consumption Monitoring Systems

Monitoring Systems

CDAC Thiruvananthapuram

(2)

Organisation of the Presentation g

9About CDAC 9About CDAC

9 CDAC’s component in the project-Designing a Smarter and Greener Electric Grid: A Sensor-Data Driven

w.cdactvm.in

Approach

9 Sensor configuration and digital processing platform required for home automation

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required for home automation

9 Scheme and description of the digital processing platform

9Configuration of the communication network 9Configuration of the communication network

CDAC Thiruvananthapuram

(3)

Centre for Development of Advanced Centre for Development of Advanced

Computing(CDAC)

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C‐

DAC) is the premier R&D organization of the

Department of Elecrinics and

Information Technology (DeitY), Ministry of Communications & Information Technology (MCIT)

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Communications & Information Technology (MCIT), Government of India for carrying out R&D in IT, Electronics and associated areas.

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¾ ¾ Multi‐locational, Multi‐activity R&D organization with HQ at Pune Multi locational Multi activity R&D organization with HQ at Pune

¾ Spread out at 10 locations with14 laboratories

¾ 2000 employees, involved in the design, development and deployment

¾ of electronics and advanced Information Technology

¾ Multi‐locational, Multi‐activity R&D organization with HQ at Pune

¾ Spread out at 10 locations with14 laboratories

¾ 2000 employees, involved in the design, development and deployment

¾ of electronics and advanced Information Technology

(4)

C-DAC-Thiruvananthapuram

Scientific Society of the Department of Information Technology Scientific Society of the Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communication & Information Technology(DeitY), Government of India

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Government of India Development Groups

¾ Broadcast & Communications Group (BCG)

¾ P El i G

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¾ Power Electronics Group

¾ Control and Instrumentation Group

¾ Strategic Electronics Group

¾ Hardware Design Group

(5)

Activities in Power Electronics Group

M lti l l PQ

Simulation Real time Multi-level

Inverters

PQ solutions

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Distributed

Generation Current EV/HEV

Activities

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Energy storage

UPS Drives SMPS

(6)

Scope of the Project p j

CDAC’s objective in this project is to provide sufficient inputs to the main project which will be piloted by IITB and UMASS

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UMASS.

As a development partner, CDAC proposes a study which

i l d id tifi ti f it bl t h l f

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involves survey and identification of suitable technology for monitoring the energy consumption at the point of electrical power outlets in walls of residential buildings.

(7)

Study Points y

The study will cover

St d d f d t h h i H A

• Standards for data exchange schemes in Home Area Networks and Industrial environment and the hardware requirement for the same

St d d l t f f t d

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• Study on deployment of sensors for measurement and monitoring the power consumption pattern of various loads

• Design of an embedded platform which can be integrated

www

with the wall mounted distribution board in in a smart home

• Deployment scheme for current and voltage sensors at different points in the network

• Algorithms to identify the type of load based on active/reactive/harmonic pattern

(8)

Physical Outcome of the Project y j

CDAC ill d t d t il d d t d th

CDAC will conduct a detailed survey and study on the technology for power consumption measurement and various standards associated with such systems. After the

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y

studies, CDAC will generate a technical report containing

Hardware scheme with plan for sensor deployment

www

Details on communication scheme

Requirement specification for the embedded hardware in the sensor unit

hardware in the sensor unit

(9)

Hardware Architecture Hardware Architecture

The intelligence will be integrated with the distribution board as given in the block diagram. The hardware consists of the following building blocks

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• Voltage and current sensors

• Data acquisition hardware

D t i l tf

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• Data processing platform

• Intelligent switches for connection/disconnection of loads for demand response

for demand response

• Communication interface

• Data logging

(10)

Architecture of Smart Distribution Board Architecture of Smart Distribution Board

^{LOAD 1}

Intelligent Switch

Power outlet Smart Distribution Board

LOAD 2

LOAD 3

Utility Grid Current Sensor

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LOAD 4

LOAD 5

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LOAD N

A/D Conversion

Optional f/b

Voltage Sensor

Current Sensor for critical/selected loads

Processing, Monitoring and Control Platform

Communication Interface

HMI

(11)

Architecture of the Processing Platform Architecture of the Processing Platform

Communication Interface Mass memory

Storage

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PROCESSING CORE

Switch/Relay Logic Memory

Interface

Relay Control Signals

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Switch/Relay Logic

A/D Converters DSP FPGA

Current f/b Voltage f/b

I/O Ports, HMI(Optional)

(12)

Functions of the Processing Platform

Management and Control of Domestic Smart grid technology

• Sensing of voltage, current signals

• Estimation of active and reactive power

• Estimation of harmonic profile

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• Identification of loads and load changes

• Automatic controllability for the input switches

• Management of data communication

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• Identification of faults

• Algorithm for various demand side load management schemes

• Data storage – Time tagging – event recording etc..

(13)

Detailed Scheme

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(14)

Features of the Processing Platform g

• Multi core processor (OMAP L137)

• FPGA for accelerating the speed of data processing (Cyclone II-EP2C5 from Altera)

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II EP2C5 from Altera)

• Ethernet, wireless, USB interfaces

• HMI for status indication and operator level controls

I/O t f ON/OFF t l

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• I/O ports for ON/OFF controls

• A/D channels for current and voltage feedback

• Optional feed back for various environmental parameters

• Data logging on local memory and SD card

• Time stamping of events with RTC

(15)

Circuit Fabrication

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OMAP FPGA

Analog region Clock circuit

• PCB form factor : 220 x 150 mm

• No of Layers : 10 Layers

D i i i 16 bi 8 h l ADC(2 )

• Data acquisition : 16 bit, 8 channel ADC(2 nos)

• Code and data storage : SPI flash, NAND flash

• Communication interfaces : UART, SPI, Ethernet,USB etc

(16)

Algorithms to be ported and tested on the g p Experimental platform platform

• Estimation of active and reactive power

(IEEE Standard 1459: Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Non sinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions)

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• Estimation of harmonic current profiles

(Real time / off line – FFT)

• Identifying the type of loads based on power signature of

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individual loads

• Demand response based on operating conditions

(Electricity price, comfort level, Peak reduction etc..)

• Identification of faults on load side and protection

(Deviation from normal signature)

(17)

Load signature

Reactive Power

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Active Power

THD

(18)

Incandescent lamp – steady state Incandescent lamp steady state

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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current

(19)

Incandescent lamp – Transient Incandescent lamp Transient

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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current

(20)

CFL – Steady state y

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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current

(21)

CFL – Transient

C a s e t

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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current

(22)

Motor – Steady state oto Steady state

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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current

(23)

Communication Network

Exchanges Exchanges

9 Voltage & current (power), temperature, humidity and other physical parameters between nodes and controller

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9 Command signals to controllable equipments 9 System status

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(24)

Why ZigBee ?

• Reliable

• Supports large number of nodes

• Range suitable for home networks(~100m)

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• Easy to deploy

• Very long battery life

• Secure

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Secure

• Low cost

• Can be used globally

(25)

Sample Scheme p

Current RF

Control

Measurement

Grid

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ZigBee Coordinator

& Data Collector

Control Unit

(Load Disaggregator &

D M )

Visuals

& Data Collector

Data Management)

(26)

Intelligent Plug Power

Outlet

Current Measurement

Sensor / End Device CC2530

ADC Peripheral

2.4 GHz RF Transceiver 8051 MCU

Core

Sensor / End Device – CC2530 Relay

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Central Controller

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OMAP

_Peripheral^SPI 2.4 GHz RF

Transceiver 8051 MCU

Core

Central Controller

Collector / Collector – CC2530

Peripheral Core Transceiver

26 CDAC Thiruvananthapuram

FPGA

Ethernet

(27)

Standards

IEEE Std 802.15.4e - 2012

IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—

Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR- WPANs)

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)

IEEE Std 1459 – 2010

IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal Nonsinusoidal

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Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions

IEC 614000-4-30 Edition 2.0 - 2008-10

Electromagnetic Compatibilty(EMC) part 4 30: Testing and Electromagnetic Compatibilty(EMC) part 4-30: Testing and measurement techniques - power quality measurement methods

(28)

Network Topologies

• Mesh

• Star

• Ring

• Bus

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Bus

• Tree

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(29)

OSI Model

Application pp Presentation Application issues

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Session Transport

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Network Data transfer issues

Data link Physical

(30)

ZigBee Protocol

Application & Profiles Application & Profiles

Application Framework

Network & Security layers ZigBee Specification

MAC layer

IEEE 802.15.4

PHY Layer

(31)

ZigBee Protocol

Application layer

controls the application(s) running on the ZigBee device, e.g current sensing

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Zigbee Stack layer

the protocols that look after routing the data to the correct destination and security

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destination and security

IEEE 802.15.4 standard

MAC sub-layer - responsible for addressing (where outgoing data is going to, and where incoming data has come from)

PHY b l ibl f th di t i i

PHY sub-layer - responsible for the radio transmission

itself

(32)

Application Framework

AO / EP

240 AO / EP

ZigBee Device Object

(ZDO)

O Public erface

ZigBee

240 1

(ZDO)

APSDE‐

SAP

APSDE‐

SAP

ZDO Int

APSDE‐

SAP

t

ZigBee Application

Application Support Sublayer (APS)

NLDE‐SAP NLME‐SAP

ty Ser vice anag emen t

AIB

Network Layer

^NIB

Securi t ZDO M ZigBee Alliance

Media Access Control (MAC)

MLDE‐SAP MLME‐SAP

MIB

Physical Layer PD‐SAP

PIB

PLME‐SAP

IEEE 802.15.4

2.4 GHz 868 and 915 MHz

PIB

(33)

ZigBee Evaluation Module(EVM) &

IAR EW8051 IDE

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(34)

CC2530ZDK (From Texas Instruments)

CC2530ZDK includes:

• 2 SmartRF05 Evaluation Boards

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2 SmartRF05 Evaluation Boards

• 5 SmartRF05 Battery Boards

• 7 CC2530 Evaluation Modules

• 1 CC1531 USB Dongle

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• 1 CC1531 USB Dongle

• Antennas and batteries

• IAR EW8051 C-compiler with C-SPY debugger

(35)

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(36)

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(37)

CC2530EM RF module

CC2531 USB Dongle

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g

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SmartRF05BB SmartRF05BB

(38)

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IAR EW 8051

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(39)

Thank You

(40)

Variable Speed Wind Electric Generator

Machine side Inverter

Grid side Inverter

WEG GRID

Inverter Inverter

Digital Controller

40

(41)

Grid Interactive Solar PV Power Plant Grid Interactive Solar PV Power Plant

Solar Photovoltaic Array Utility Grid

Y

Power Electronic Interface Module

Transformer

Digital Controller

¾ MPPT Tracking

¾

¾ UPF Operation

¾ Current THD

¾ Anti‐islanding protection

protection

*

This was a joint project with IIT-Kanpur with field trial support from WBREDA, Kolkata ₄₁

(42)

BIM 1

Digital

BIO-MASS PLANT (20 kW)

BIM - Basic Interface Module (10 kVA)

Y BIM 2

BIM 3

Controller 1

WIND ELECTRIC

Y BIM 3 Y

BIM 4

_Central

WIND ELECTRIC GENERATOR

(5 kW) Panel 1

Y

BIM 5

Central Control

unit Digital

Controller 2

SOLAR PANEL (55 kWp)

Y Y

BIM 7 BIM 6

Panel 2

Y BIM 7 Y

BIM 8

Digital

Controller 3 Dump

Y

Load

BIM 9 Y

Panel 3

42

Y

(43)

Synchronised Phasor Measurement Unit y

Local Display (HMI)

GPS Antenna

Synchrophasor

GPS Receiver ADC & Signal

Processor COM Processor

GPS Receiver g

Conditioning Circuits

Communication

Port

From CT & PT

Phasor Messages

Flexible Open

43

p

SCADA

(44)

Prototype Developed by CDAC Prototype Developed by CDAC

PMU Module

Sensor Module GPS Antenna

(45)

Power Quality Solutions Power Quality Solutions

3 Phase, 3 wire and 4 wire active filters

Si l h i fil

Single phase active filters Dynamic Voltage Restorer Shunt Hybrid Active Filters

Sour ce

Series Voltage Load injection

SERIES INVERTER

SHUNT CONVERTER

+ _

Study of Power Consumption Monitoring Systems

Designing a Smarter and Greener Electric Grid:

A S D t D i A h

A Sensor-Data Driven Approach

Study of Power Consumption Monitoring Systems

Monitoring Systems

CDAC Thiruvananthapuram

CDAC Thiruvananthapuram

Organisation of the Presentation g

9About CDAC 9About CDAC

9 CDAC’s component in the project-Designing a Smarter and Greener Electric Grid: A Sensor-Data Driven

Approach

9 Sensor configuration and digital processing platform required for home automation

required for home automation

9 Scheme and description of the digital processing platform

9Configuration of the communication network 9Configuration of the communication network

Centre for Development of Advanced Centre for Development of Advanced

Computing(CDAC)

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C‐

DAC) is the premier R&D organization of the

Department of Elecrinics and

Information Technology (DeitY), Ministry of Communications & Information Technology (MCIT)

Communications & Information Technology (MCIT), Government of India for carrying out R&D in IT, Electronics and associated areas.

¾ ¾ Multi‐locational, Multi‐activity R&D organization with HQ at Pune Multi locational Multi activity R&D organization with HQ at Pune

¾ Spread out at 10 locations with14 laboratories

¾ 2000 employees, involved in the design, development and deployment

¾ of electronics and advanced Information Technology

¾ Multi‐locational, Multi‐activity R&D organization with HQ at Pune

¾ Spread out at 10 locations with14 laboratories

¾ 2000 employees, involved in the design, development and deployment

¾ of electronics and advanced Information Technology

¾ of electronics and advanced Information Technology

C-DAC-Thiruvananthapuram

Scientific Society of the Department of Information Technology Scientific Society of the Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communication & Information Technology(DeitY), Government of India

Government of India Development Groups

¾ Broadcast & Communications Group (BCG)

¾ P El i G

¾ Power Electronics Group

¾ Control and Instrumentation Group

¾ Strategic Electronics Group

¾ Hardware Design Group

¾ Hardware Design Group

Activities in Power Electronics Group

M lti l l PQ

Simulation Real time Multi-level

Inverters

PQ solutions

Distributed

Generation Current EV/HEV

Activities

Energy storage

UPS Drives SMPS

Scope of the Project p j

CDAC’s objective in this project is to provide sufficient inputs to the main project which will be piloted by IITB and UMASS

UMASS.

As a development partner, CDAC proposes a study which

i l d id tifi ti f it bl t h l f

involves survey and identification of suitable technology for monitoring the energy consumption at the point of electrical power outlets in walls of residential buildings.

Study Points y

The study will cover

St d d f d t h h i H A

• Standards for data exchange schemes in Home Area Networks and Industrial environment and the hardware requirement for the same

St d d l t f f t d

• Study on deployment of sensors for measurement and monitoring the power consumption pattern of various loads

• Design of an embedded platform which can be integrated

with the wall mounted distribution board in in a smart home

• Deployment scheme for current and voltage sensors at different points in the network

• Algorithms to identify the type of load based on active/reactive/harmonic pattern

Physical Outcome of the Project y j

CDAC ill d t d t il d d t d th

CDAC will conduct a detailed survey and study on the technology for power consumption measurement and various standards associated with such systems. After the

y

studies, CDAC will generate a technical report containing

 Hardware scheme with plan for sensor deployment



 Details on communication scheme

 Requirement specification for the embedded hardware in the sensor unit

hardware in the sensor unit

Hardware Architecture Hardware Architecture

The intelligence will be integrated with the distribution board as given in the block diagram. The hardware consists of the following building blocks

Hardware scheme with plan for sensor deployment

Details on communication scheme

Requirement specification for the embedded hardware in the sensor unit