mRizsjd izØe ls fufeZr vij{kd dkcZu oL=k
vksesUnz feJ] Bkdqj lqns'k dqekj jkSuhtk] efjvEek eSF;w ,oa 'kjn pUnz 'kekZ
inkFkZ vkSj ;kaf=kdh ,afVVh] foØe lkjkHkkbZ varfj{k dsanz] Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqla/kku laxBu] fr#ouUriqje ¼dsjy½
Lkkjka'k % dkcZu oL=k jkWdsV ds uksty esa iz;ksx gksus okys vij{kd vLrj dk ,d eq[; ?kVd gSA bldks rsy vkSj mRizsjd nks fof/k;ksa ls rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA rsy izØe esa dkcZu oL=k] js;ku oL=k dks HkV~Vh rsy esa Mqcksdj cuk;k tkrk gSA blesa rsy rkiu ek/;e dk dk;Z djrk gSA mRizsjd izØe esa rsy ds LFkku ij mRizsjd dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA rsy izØe dkcZu oL=k cukus dh ,d ljy fof/k gS ijUrq blds lkFk dbZ leL;k,a Hkh tqM+h gSa tSls fd bldh mRikndrk de gksrh gS] blesa ÖkqfjZ;k¡ iM+ tkrh gSa] izØe ds nkSjku flyoVs iM+ tkrh gSaA blds vfrfjä bl izØe esa fuEu rkiu nj dh leL;k ds dkj.k dkcZu oL=k cukus esa vf/kd le; yxrk gSA vkxs] tgk¡ rsy ok"i dk;Z LFky dks nwf"kr djrk gS vkSj vkx yxus dh laEHkkouk cuh jgrh gS ogha mRizsjd fof/k] rsy fof/k dh rqyuk esa vf/kd ykHknk;d gksrh gSA blds }kjk mRikndrk Hkh c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA vkSj ;g fof/k rsy fof/k dh dfe;ksa tSls fd ÖkqfjZ;k¡ vkSj flyoVs iM+ tkuk vkfn dks nwj dj nsrh gSA blds lkFk gh bl fof/k ls dkcZu oL=k dks de ls de le; esa cuk;k tk ldrk gSA ;g 'kks/
k i=k mRizsjd fof/k ls dkcZu oL=k cukus ds ckjs esa foLr`r tkudkjh nsrk gSA
Carbon fabric manufactured through catalytic route
Omendra Mishra, Thakur Sudesh Kumar Raunija, Mariamma Mathew & Sharad Chandra Sharma
Materials and Mechanical Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala)
Abstract
Carbon fabric is the key constituent of ablative liner used in rocket nozzle. It can be manufacture by oil and catalytic route. In oil process, the carbon fabric is manufactured by dipping rayon fabric in furnace oil. In this, the oil acts as the mediator of heating medium. In catalytic route, catalyst is used in place of oil. Oil process is simple technique of manufacturing carbon fabric. But several issues like low yield, wrinkle formation, shrinkage etc., are associated with it. In addition to this, due to slow heating, it takes more time for producing carbon fabric. Further, in oil process, the oil vapors pollute the working area and create the possibility of fire whereas catalytic process is advantageous over these issues. The yield can be enhanced through this process. Further, this route sorts out the issues of wrinkle and shrinkage formation, which are associated in oil process. Further, the carbon fabric can be manufactured in short duration through this route. In this research papers, the catalytic route of carbon fabric manufacture is described in detail.
izLrkouk
dkcZu oL=k tks fd fQuksfyd jsflu ds lkFk vij{kd vLrj ds :i esa jkWdsV ds uksty esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] vius vij{kd xq.k ds dkj.k ;g jkWdsV ukst+y dks vR;f/kd xeZ xSlksa ds rki ls fi?kyus ls cpkrk gSA dkcZu oL=k dks cukus ds fy, eq[; :i ls nks fof/k;k¡
izpfyr gSaA mRizsjd izØe js;ku oL=k ls dkcZu oL=k cukus dh mu nks fof/k;ksa esa ls ,d egRoiw.kZ fof/k gSA
lkekU;r% js;ku oL=k ls dkcZu oL=k nks pj.kksa esa curk gSA ;s Øe'k% rki vi?kVu vkSj dkcZuhdj.k gSaA rki vi?kVu pj.k esa Bksl pkj] mPp DoFkukad ok"i ¼Vkj½ vkSj xSl curh gSaA rki
vi?kVu ls ;s mRikn nks izfrLi/kkZRed jkLrksa esa curs gSaA mRizsjd vEyh; okrkoj.k iznku djrk gS tks ,YdksgkWfyd LoHkko ds lsY;wyksl ls vfHkfØ;k dj ,LVj cuk nsrk gS ftlds dkj.k futZyhdj.k vfHkfØ;k esa o`f) gksrh gSA bl rjg futZyhdj.k vuko';d O;qRiuksa tSls fd Vkj] ,fYMgkbM] fQukWy vkfn dks cuus ls jksd nsrh gSA blds dkj.k vo'ks"k pkj ds Hkkj esa vf/kd deh ugha vkrh gS tks mRikndrk esa o`f) dj nsrh gSA
lkekU;r% Vkj izkFkfed gkbMªkWfDly xzqi (-CH2OH) ls curk gSA bl fof/k esa XykbdksflfMd ca/k ds rki fo?kVu ls iwoZ izkFkfed gkbMªkWfDly xzqi dks ikuh esa cny dj Vkj ds cuus dks jksd fn;k tkrk gSA
mRizsjd fof/k ls dkcZu oó cukus ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls ppkZ vkxs ds [k.Mksa esa dh x;h gSA
dkcZu oL=k
dkcZu oL=k dkcZu /kkxksa ls cquk ,d oL=k gksrk gSA blesa dkcZu vo;o dh ek=kk de ls de 94» gksrh gSA bldh Å"ek pkydrk de ls de gksuh pkfg,A blds fy, vPNk gksxk fd blesa /kkfRod vo;oksa dh ek=kk de ls de gksA
dkcZu oó dks nks izdkj ls rS;kj dj ldrs gSaA izFke js;ku ds /kkxksa dks dkcZu ds /kkxksa esa ifjofrZr dj mu /kkxksa ls dkcZu oL=k dks cqudj vkSj nwljk js;ku /kkxksa ls igys js;ku oL=k dks cqudj vkSj fQj mls dkcZuhd`r djds dkcZu oL=k cuk;k tkrk gSA ysfdu dkcZu ds /kkxksa ls vxj dkcZu oL=k dks cquk tk, rks dkcZu /kkxksa dks vf/kd {kfr gksrh gSA blfy, js;ku oL=k dks cukdj mldks dkcZuhd`r djds dkcZu oL=k cuk;k tkrk gSA
dkcZu oL=k ds mi;ksx
varfj{k m|ksx esa dkcZu oL=k fQuksfyd jsflu ds lkFk 'kfä'kkyh vij{kd inkFkZ iznku djrk gSA blds vf}rh; rkih;] jklk;fud vkSj HkkSfrd xq.kksa ds dkj.k mixzg izekspu;kuksa ds uksnd esa vLrj ds :i esa js;ku vk/kkfjr dkcZu oL=k dk vR;f/kd mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
dkcZu oL=k ds fy, dPps inkFkZ dk p;u
dkcZu oL=k dks twV] ikyh fouk;y ,Ydksgy (PVA)] fip]
ikWyh,ØsyksukbVªkby (PAN)] js;ku vkfn ds fu;af=kr rki vi?kVu ls rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA dkcZu oL=k dks cukus ds fy, iz;ksx gksus okyk dPpk inkFkZ xeZ djus ij fi?kyuk ugha pkfg,A blds lkFk gh ;g de dher ij vklkuh ls miyC/k gksuk pkfg,A bl dPps inkFkZ ls fufeZr dkcZu oL=k dh Å"ek pkydrk vkSj ?kuRo de gksuk pkfg, rFkk blesa mPp foLrkj ij VwVus dk xq.k gksuk pkfg,A
twV vkSj PVA ls cus oL=k dks dkcZu oL=k esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy, vR;f/kd fuEu rki nj ls rki vi?kfVr djuk gksrk gSA ftlls dkcZu oL=k fuekZ.k esa vf/kd le; yxrk gSA blls cus dkcZu oL=k dh mRikndrk Hkh de gksrh gS1A
fip ls dkcZu oL=k cukus ds fy, igys fip dks dkcZu js'kksa esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSA fQj blds ckn bu js'kksa dks cqudj dkcZu oL=k cuk;k tkrk gSA fip ls dkcZu oL=k cukuk ,d tfVy izfØ;k gSA blds vfrfjä fip ls cus dkcZu oL=k dh rkih; pkydrk Hkh
vf/kd gksrh gSA
PAN ls dkcZu oL=k cukuk fip dh rqyuk esa vklku gksrk gS ysfdu ;g ,d egaxk dPpk inkFkZ gS vkSj blls fufeZr oó dh Å"ek pkydrk Hkh dkQh T;knk gksrh gSA
vc rd of.kZr dPps inkFkks± ds lkFk dbZ leL;k,a tqM+h gqbZ gSaA ogh js;ku] dkcZu oL=k cukus ds fy, vfr fof'k"V dPpk inkFkZ gSA js;ku dks lsY;qyksl ls cuk;k tkrk gSA js;ku lsY;qyksl dk vfr 'kq) :i gS blfy, js;ku dks iqufuZfeZr lsY;qyksl Hkh dgrs gSaA js;ku ls dkcZu oL=k cukuk cM+k vklku gksrk gSA blds vfrfjä js;ku dPps inkFkZ ds fy, vko';d lHkh t:jrksa dks iwjk djrk gSA lsY;qyksl ls js;ku cukus dh fof/k;ksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ vxys [kaM esa dh xbZ gSA
js;ku cukus dh fof/k;k¡
js;ku dks lsY;qyksl ls fuEu fof/k;ksa }kjk rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS % ukbVªkslsY;qyksl fof/k % bl fof/k esa] lsY;qyksl lY¶;wfjd ,flM dh mifLFkfr esa ukbfVªd ,flM ls vfHkfØ;k djds lsY;qyksl ukbVªsV curk gSA blds vfrfjä ty lg&mRikn ds :i esa curk gSA bl fof/k ls cuk;s x, js;ku dks dbZ ukeksa tSls fd xu dkWVu]
ukbVªkslsY;qyksl] yS'k isij] yS'k dkWVu] vkfn ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl fof/k ls cuk;s x, js;ku dk mi;ksx foLQksVd cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
,flVsV fof/k % lsY;qyksl ,flVsV] lsY;qyksl dk ,LVj gSA lsY;qyksl ,flVsV dks lLrs foyk;dksa esa ?kksydj lsY;qyksl ,flVsV dh pknjsa vkSj js'ks rS;kj fd, tkrs gSaA ;g ,flfVd ,flM vkSj ,flM ,ugkbMªkbM ds 50 % 50 feJ.k ls lY¶;wfjd ,flM mRizsjd dh mifLFkfr esa vfHkfØ;k djus ls curk gSA bl fof/k ls cuk;s x, js;ku dk mi;ksx oL=k m|ksx esa gksrk gSA
D;wizkeksfu;e fof/k % bl fof/k esa lsY;qyksl dks D;wizkeksfu;e foy;u [Cu(NH3)4] (OH)2 esa ?kksy dj ,d rarq dkrus ds ;U=k ls xqtkjrs gSaA rarq LiujsV ls fudy dj H2SO4 ds laidZ esa vkrs gSaA blls rarqvksa ds lkFk mifLFkr Cu, NH3 vyx fd;k tkrk gSA bl fof/k ls cus js'kksa dk mi;ksx xzh"e _rq ds ifj/kkuksa dks cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
foLdl js;ku fof/k
lsY;qyksl ls cuk, x, js;ku dks foLdl js;ku Hkh dgrs gSaA bl izdkj ds js;ku dks foLdl ;k ftUFksV ¼xanthate½ izØe ls rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA bldk jklk;fud lw=k (C6H10O5)n gSA ;g 'kq) lsY;qyksl gSA bls ydM+h dh yqxnh ls fudkyus ds fy, bls jklk;fud fof/k ls ?kqyu'khy ;kSfxdksa esa ifjofrZr djrs gSa vkSj
blls 'kq) ,oa jklk;fud rjhds ls Bksl rarqvkas dks izkIr djus ds fy, LiujsV ls xqtkjrs gSaA foLdl js;ku cukus dh fof/k ds ckjs esa fooj.k vkxs fn;k x;k gSA
foLdl js;ku cukus dh laf{kIr fof/k
blds fy, ydM+h dh yqxnh ;k dikl ds Qwy ds js'ks (cotton
linters) dks 18» NaOH ds tyh; foy;u esa 2&4 ?kaVs ds fy, j[krs gSaA fQj nzo pkfyr jSe (hydraulic ram) dh lgk;rk ls
NaOH dh vfrfjä ek=kk dks fudky nsrs gSaA vc ydM+h dh yqxnh dks NksVk&NksVk djds 20&25°C ds rkieku ij 2 ls 3 fnu ds fy, j[krs gSaA fQj blesa CS2 dks fefJr dj 3 ?kaVs ds fy, j[krs gSaA blds ckn ukjaxh jax ds bl lsY;qyksl ftUFksV dks
solubilizer esa ysdj ruq NaOH foy;u dks feykrs gSaA ;gk¡ vc foy;u esa lsY;qyksl 7&8» vkSj NaOH 6.5-7% jgrk gSA bl foy;u dks 4&5 fnu ds fy, dejs ds rki ij j[krs gSaA blds ckn foy;u dks Nku dj H2SO4 esa j[ks IySfVue ;k xksYM ls cus LiujsV ls xqtkjrs gSa D;ksafd rarq fudyrs gh ,flM ds lEidZ esa vkrs gSaA ftlls ;s vkil esa ugha fpidrs vkSj uk gh VwVrs gSaA blds lkFk gh mifLFkr NaOH Hkh mnklhu gks tkrk gSA bu rarqvksa dks IykfLVd jhyksa esa yisV ysrs gSaA blds ckn bu rarqvksa dks /kqykbZ]
xa/kd gVkus] fojatu vkSj vuqdwyu izØeksa ls xqtkjrs gSa2A bl fof/k ls cuk, x, js;ku /kkxksa dk mi;ksx oL=k m|ksx esa gksrk gSA
lsY;qyksl ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls ppkZ vxys [kaM esa dh xbZ gSA lsY;qyksl
lsY;qyksl ,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd gS vkSj β ¼1&4½ Xywdksl dk cgqyd gS- bldk jklk;fud lw=k C6H10O5n gSA bls ikS/ks izdk'k la'ys"k.k izfØ;k ls cukrs gSaA blds fy, ikS/ks] i.kZgfjr vkSj lw;Z ds izdk'k dh mifLFkfr esa H2O vkSj CO2 dh vfHkfØ;k ls cukrs gSa vkSj vkWDlhtu dks lg&mRikn ds :i esa nsrs gSaA lsY;qyksl [kkst dh Ýkal ds jlk;uK Anselme Payen us 1938 esa ikS/kksa ls izkIr inkFkZ ls vyx djds dh vkSj bldk jklk;fud lw=k fu/kkZfjr fd;kA lsY;qyksl ds eq[; xq.k/keks± dks vkxs of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA lsY;qyksl ds xq.k
lsY;qyksl ds dqN eq[; xq.k bl izdkj gSa %
1- ;g jaxghu] Lokn ghu vkSj tSo vi?kfVr gksus okyk inkFkZ gSA 2- ;g ty] ruq vEy vkSj {kkj foy;uksa esa ugha ?kqyrk gSA 3- ;g Cu(NH4)3(OH)2 vkSj NaOH+CS2 foy;uksa esa ?kqyu'khy gSA
js;ku oL=k ls dkcZu oó cukus dh fof/k;k¡
js;ku oL=k ls dkcZu oL=k cukus ds fy, nks fof/k;k¡ izpfyr gSaA ,d fof/k esa js;ku oL=k dks dkcZu oL=k esa HkV~Vh rsy :ih ek/;e esa xeZ fd;k tkrk gS rks nwljh fof/k esa bldks js;ku oL=k vkSj js;ku rarq ls mRizsjd dh mifLFkfr esa xeZ djds cuk;k tkrk gSA mRizsjd fof/k ls dkcZu oL=k cukus ds izØe dh foLr`r ppkZ ;gk¡ dh xbZ gSA
mRizsjd fof/k % bl fof/k }kjk js;ku oL=k ls dkcZu oL=k cukus ds fy, js;ku dk rki vi?kVu mi;qä mRizsjd@mRizsjdksa dh mifLFkfr esa fd;k tkrk gSA mRizsjd fof/k ls dkcZu oL=k cukus dk Øen'khZ vkjs[k fp=k 1 esa fn;k x;k gSA mRizsjd fof/k ds eq[; pj.kksa ds ckjs esa vkxs ppkZ dh x;h gSA
/kqykbZ % js;ku oL=k dks cqurs le; js;ku ds rarqvksa dk vkil esa fpids jguk vko';d gSA blds fy, ty esa ?kqyu'khy lkbftax ,tsaV dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS3A dkcZu oL=k cukus ls igys bu lkbftax ,tsaV dks vyx djuk vko';d gksrk gS vU;Fkk ;s inkFkZ vafre mRikn ds xq.kksa dks izHkkfor djsaxs blfy, lkbftax ,tsaV dks vyx djus ds fy, js;ku oL=k dh /kqykbZ dh tkrh gSA js;ku oL=k dh /kqykbZ rc rd dh tkrh gS tc rd /kqykbZ ds ckn dk ikuh xUnk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tc /kqykbZ ds ckn dk ikuh xUnk ugha fn[kkbZ nsrk rks eku fy;k tkrk gSa fd oL=k dh /kqykbZ iw.kZ gks xbZ gSA /kqykbZ ds dkj.k oL=k dh foekvksa esa vk;s ifjorZu dks Kkr djus ds fy, /kqykbZ ls iwoZ vkSj i'Pkkr~ js;ku oL=k dh foekvksa dks eki ysrs gSaA /kqykbZ ds izeq[k pj.kksa esa gSa % • lk/kkj.k ty ls /kqykbZ ¼55&60°C½(
• 2- lk/kkj.k ty ls /kqykbZ ¼lk/kkj.k rki½( • 3- vklqr ty ls /kqykbZ ¼lk/kkj.k rki½
lq[kkuk % /kqykbZ ds ckn oL=k dks lq[kk;k tkrk gSA blds fy, ty ls /kqys oL=k dks dejs ds rki ij 10 ?kaVs rd lq[kkrs gSa rRi'Pkkr~
100°C ij 5 ?kaVs rd vksou esa lq[kkrs gSaA
HCl ls mipkj % lq[kk;s x, oL=k dks 0.1M HCl foy;u esa 30 feuV ds fy, j[krs gSa fQj HCl dks vyx djus ds fy, bls vklqr ty ls /kqyrs gSaA HCl ,flM ds iw.kZ :i ls vyx gksus dh tkudkjh PHisij ;k PH ehVj ls Kkr djrs gSaA
mRizsjdksa dk pquko % bl fof/k esa js;ku oL=k ls dkcZu oL=k fuekZ.k ds fy, js;ku dk rki vi?kVu mfpr mRizsjd@mRizsjdksa dh mifLFkfr esa fd;k tkrk gSA mRizsjd lfØ; ÅtkZ dks de dj nsrs gSa blfy, rki vi?kVu fuEu rki ij rFkk rki dh vf/kd foLr`r ijkl ij gksus yxrk gSA mfpr mRizsjdksa dh mifLFkr esa H2O, CO2,
vkSj CO dk mRiknu c<+rk gS vkSj Vkj] ,fYMgkbM vkSj fQukWy O;qRiUu dk cuuk de gks tkrk gSA fofHkUu mRizsjdksa vkSj muds
fefJr mRizsjdksa dh mifLFkfr esa cuus okys dkcZu oL=kksa esa dkcZu dh ek=kk] mRikndrk vkSj ;kaf=kd xq.k vyx&vyx izkIr gksrs gSaA bl mís'; ds fy, iz;qä mRizsjd ty esa ?kqyu'khy] ty vo'kks"kd]
futZyh;dkjd vkSj rki vi?kVu ij ,flfMd okrkoj.k miyC/k djus okys gksus pkfg,A blds fy, ,d mRizsjd ;k vusd mRizsjdksa ds feJ.k dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkekU;r% mi;ksx esa yk;s tkus okys mRizsjdksa esa gaS % • CaCl2; • NH4Cl ; • (NH4)2SO4;
• ZnCl2 ; • AlCl3• NH4H2PO4A
mRizsjdksa dk js;ku oL=k esa varlsZpu % blds fy, ftl mRizsjd@mRizsjdksa dh mifLFkfr esa rki vi?kVu djuk gS ml mRizsjd@mRizsjdksa dk vklqr ty esa vko';d eksyjrk dk foy;u cukrs gSa vkSj iwoZ fu/kkZfjr foekvksa ds js;ku oL=k ds VqdM+ksa dks bl foy;u esa fu/kkZfjr le; ds fy, j[krs gSaA ;g foy;u js;ku ds VqdM+ksa }kjk lks[k fy;k tkrk gSA vc bu VqdM+ksa dks dejs ds rki ij 10 ?kaVs lq[kkrs gSaA rRi'Pkkr~ bu VqdM+ksa dks 100°C ij 5 ?kaVs fo|qr ok;q vksou esa lq[kkrs gSaA blds ckn foekvksa esa vk, ifjorZu dks uksV dj ysrs gSaA
rki vi?kVu % rki vi?kVu vkWDlhtu dh vuqifLFkfr esa rki ds c<+us ds lkFk jklk;fud vi?kVu dh izfØ;k gSA ;g fofHkUUk ek=kk esa Bksl] nzo vkSj xSlh; inkFkZ iznku djrh gSA lsY;qyksl ds rki vi?kVu ds le; vusd jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡ gksus ds dkj.k bldh xfr vkSj izfØ;k dk iw.kZ Kku ugha gksrk gSA fQj Hkh dqN oSKkfudksa us lsY;qyksl ds rki vi?kVu esa gksus okyh fofHkUUk xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, vusd ekWMYfn, gSaA buesa nks izeq[k xfrt ekWMy gSaA budks vkxs laf{kIr :i esa crk;k x;k gSA
,e ,e Vax ,.M jksxj cSdkWu ekWMy : ,e ,e Vax ,.M jksxj cSdkWu ekWMy us lsY;qyksl dks 500°C ij vojä rduhd dk mi;ksx dj dkcZuhd`r fd;k vkSj lY;qyksl ds vi?kVu ds pj.kksa dks leÖkk;kA mUgksaus ik;k fd lsY;qyksl vi?kfVr gksus ij pkj] Vkj vkSj xSlh;
mRikn nsrk gSA blds vfrfjä vi?kVu ds eq[; pj.kksa dks bl izdkj of.kZr fd;k %
pj.k&1 % HkkSfrd :i ls vf/k'kksf"kr ty dk fudyuk ¼25&150°C½ pj.k&2 % lsY;qyksl dh lajpuk ls ty dk vyx gksuk ¼150&240°C½ pj.k&3 % rkih; fo?kVu vkSj eqä ewyd vfHkfØ;k }kjk C-O vkSj
C-C cU/k dk VwVuk ¼240&400°C½
pj.k&4 % xzsQkbV tSlh lajpuk dk cuuk ¼400°C&vkSj vf/kd½4A czkWbM ,.M 'kkQhtknsg ekWMy
bl ekWMy ds vk/kkj ij] js;ku oL=k dk rki vi?kVu nks izdkj ls fd;k tk ldrk gS ¼1½ mi;qä mRizsjd dh mifLFkfr esa ¼2½ mRizsjd dh vuqifLFkfr esa] vkWDlhdj.k dks jksdus ds fy, js;ku oL=k dk rki vi?kVu vfr'kq) vkxZu xSl ¼99-99»½ ls <d dj fd;k tkrk gSA rki vi?kVu ds fy, 350°C mÙke rkieku gSA js;ku ds rki vi?kVu ls Bksl pkj] mPp DoFkukad ok"i Vkj] vkSj xSlh; mRikn curs gSaA ,d mi;qä mRizsjd H dks H2O ds :i esa vkSj CO, CO2 dks dkcksZfuy xzqi ls vyx djrk gSA tc js;ku oL=k dk rki vi?kVu mRizsjd dh vuqifLFkr esa djrs gSa rks XywdksikbjSuksl ;wfuV ds XykbdksflfMd ca/kksa ds rki vi?kVu ls vusd vkWDlhtu tfur ;kSfxd cuus ls Bksl vo'ks"k ds Hkkj esa vf/kd deh vkrh gSA Vkj izkFkfed gkbMªkWfDly xzqi ¼-CH2OH½ ls curk gSA ;fn ge XykbdksflfMd ca/k ds rki vi?kVu ls iwoZ izkFkfed gkbMªkWfDly xzqi dks H2O cukdj gVk nsa rks Vkj dk cuuk jksdk tk ldrk gSA lsY;qyksl oy; VwVus ls CO, CO2vkSj pkj dkcZu v.kqvksa dh iztkfr izkIr gksrh gSA var esa] ;g pkj v.kqvksa dh iztkfr mRikndrk dks fu/kkZfjr djrh gS5A
lkekU;r% Vkj izkFkfed gkbMªkWfDly xzqi ¼-CH2OH½ ls curk gSA bl fof/k esa XykbdksflfMd ca/k ds rki fo?kVu ls iwoZ izkFkfed gkbMªkWfDly xzqi dks ikuh esa cny dj Vkj ds cuus dks jksd fn;k tkrk gSA
fp=k 1 — mRizsjd fof/k ls dkcZu oL=k cukus dk
Øen'khZ vkjs[k
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
→
/kqykbZ ← js;ku oL=k
lq[kkuk
HCl mipkj lq[kkuk varlsZpu
lq[kkuk rki vi?kVu 350°C
i'p mipkj dkcZuhdj.k 1000°C
i'p mipkj
lq[kkuk dkcZu oL=k
rki vi?kVu ds ckn mipkj
rki vi?kfVr dkcZu oL=k dks dkcZuhd`r djus ds igys ml ij tek gqvk Vkj ¼tks fd rki vi?kVu izØe ds nkSjku oL=k dh lrg ij ,df=kr gks x;k Fkk½ vkSj mRizsjd ds lg&mRikn dks gVkuk vko';d gksrk gS D;ksafd bu inkFkks± dh mifLFkfr vafre mRikn dh xq.koÙkk dks izHkkfor djrh gSA blds mipkj ds fy, rki vi?kfVr dkcZu oL=k dks vkil esa Li'kZ djus okys] LoPN lrg ds jcj jksyj ds chp ls xqtkjrs gSa vkSj mRizsjd ds lg&mRiknksa dks 0-1 M ruq
HCl dh lgk;rk ls vyx djrs gSaA dkcZuhdj.k
bl izfØ;k esa vdkcZfud vo;oksa dks fudkydj mRikn esa dkcZu dh ek=kk dks c<+krs gSaA bl izfØ;k esa Åaps rkieku ij igq¡pus ij vdkcZu v.kq fudyrs gSa vkSj dkcZu v.kq ,d foU;kl dks izkIr djrs gq, fØLVyh; lajpuk izkIr djrs gSa- tgk¡ dkcZu v.kq vkil esa n`<+rk ls ca/ks jgrs gSa6A
dkcZuhdj.k ds ckn mipkj
lkekU;r% rS;kj gq, dkcZu esa lksfM;e dh lkU/kzrk 1000 ppm
ls vf/kd jgrh gSA ysfdu oL=k dh rki pkydrk de jgs blds fy, lksfM;e dh lkU/kzrk 500 ppm ls de jguh pkfg,A blds fy, dkcZu oL=k dks HCl ls mipkfjr djrs gSa7A
lHkh pj.kksa ds ckn rS;kj dkcZu oL=k dk uewuk fp=k 2 esa fn;k x;k gSA
rsy fof/k dh rqyuk esa mRizsjd fof/k ls dkcZu oL=k cukus ds ykHk tgk¡ rsy fof/k vf/kd dfBu] fuEu rki o`f) nj okyh] vfXu Hk;kog gS ogha mRizsjd fof/k esa rsy ds LFkku ij mRizsjd dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA blds vfrfjä ÖkqfjZ;k¡] flyoVsa vkSj njkj iM+us dh leL;k ds dkj.k vLohdkj djus ;ksX; oL=k Hkh vf/kd mRiUUk gksrk gSA mRizsjd fof/k ,d ubZ] de dfBu] lLrh] rhoz] vfXu Hk;kogrk ls jfgr fof/k gSA bl fof/k ls ÖkqfjZ;k¡] flyoVsa vkSj njkj iM+us dh leL;k dks dkQh de fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g rsy izØe dh rqyuk esa vf/kd mRikndrk nsrh gSA
fu"d"kZ
Åij fn, x, o.kZu ls Li"V gS fd dkcZu oL=k dks rsy vkSj mRizsjd nks fof/k;ksa ls rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA mRizsjd izØe] rsy izØe dh rqyuk esa vf/kd ykHknk;d gS tgk¡ rsy ok"i dk;Z LFky dks nwf"kr djrk gS vkSj blds lkFk gh vkx yxus dh laEHkkouk cuh jgrh gSA blds lkFk gh lkFk de mRikndrk] ÖkqfjZ;k¡ iM+uk] flyoVs iM+uk vkSj fuEu riu nj tSlh leL;k,¡ Hkh cuh jgrha gSaA ogha mRizsjd izØe esa bu leL;kvksa dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu fudV Hkfo"; esa] u, mRizsjdksa dks fodflr djuk vkSj bu mRizsjdksa ls mRiUUk dkcZu oL=k ds fofHkUUk xq.kksa ij buds izHkko dks tkuus vkSj djus dh pqukSrh vuqla/kkudrkZvksa dks ysdj pyuh gksxh rkfd vkSj vf/kd izHkko'kkyh vkSj T;knk mRikndrk okys mRizsjd vkSj izØe fodflr fd, tk ldsaA
vkHkkj
ys[kd Jh oh ds fouhr] Jh gsUVªh] Jh eqds'k HkkbZ vkSj Jherh fcUnq ,aVuh dks bl fjiksVZ dks rS;kj djus esa fd;s x, egRoiw.kZ lg;ksx ds fy, vkHkkj O;ä djrs gSaA
lanHkZ
1. Shindo A., Nakanishi Y and Soma I., Carbon fibers from Cellulose fibers. Preston J ed., High temperature resistant fibers from organic polymers. Interscience, New York, 271, (1969).
2. Rao M G & Sitting M, Dryden's outline of chemical technology, (2000) 631-32.
3. Carlos L Gutzeit, Method of carbonizing fibrous cellulosic materials, U S. Patent No- 3479151, (1969).
4. M. M. Tang, Roger Bacon, Carbonization of cellulose fibers&I low. temperature pyrolysis, J- Carbon, 2, (1964) 211-220.
5. Hui Li, Yonggang Yang, Yuefang Wen, Lang Liu, A mechanism study on preparation of rayon based carbon fibers with (NH4)2SO4/NH4Cl@organosilicon composite catalyst system, J- Composites science and technology, 67, (2007) 2675-2682.
6. Ruland W., X-ray studies on preferred orientation in carbon fibers, J. Appl. Phys., 38 (1967) 35-85.
7. David W., Gibson, Salem. W. Va., Method of decreasing the metallic impurities of fibrous carbon products, U.S. Patent No.
3413094. (1968).
fp=k 2 — dkcZu oL=k
