• No results found

P\;hns s/ ouBk

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "P\;hns s/ ouBk"

Copied!
54
0
0
Show more ( Page)

Full text

(1)

ep~vh

fgqzH ;otD f;zx

P\;hns s/ ouBk

fgqzH ;otD f;zx gqf;ZX y/v^b/ye jB. T[BQK dk iBw fIbQk b[fXnkDk d/ fgzv ueo fty/ 8 i[bkJh, 1940 ƒ fgsk pkp{ f;zx ;zX{ d/ xo wksk eosko e"o dh e[Zy'A j'fJnk. ‘gzikp d/ T[~x/ fyvkoh’, ‘y/v^;z;ko’,

‘gzikph fyvkoh’, ‘y/v^irs ftZu Gkos’, ‘Ubzfge y/vK’, ‘fgzv dh ;ZE ’u'A’, ‘pksK tsB dhnK’, ‘y/v w?dkB ’u'A’, ‘y/v irs dhnK pksK’, ‘y/v gfoeowk’,

‘y/v doPB’, ‘y/v w/b/ t/yfdnK’, ‘c/oh tsBK dh’, ‘nZyhA t/y Bk oZihnK’,

‘gzikp dhnK d/;h y/vK’, ‘y/vK dh d[Bhnk’, ‘w/b/ epZvh d/’, ‘nwodhg ekbi d/ dkBtho’, ‘gzikp d/ u'Dt/A fyvkoh’, ‘nZyhA fvZmk epZvh tobv eZg’,

‘J/EBI s'A bzvB’, ‘y/v s/ ;/js tkosk’, ‘feZ;k epZvh dk’, ‘r'bvB r'b’

‘T[bzfge y/vK dh ;dh’, ‘y/v s/ f;js tkosk’, pbpho f;zx dh ihtBh T[BQK dhnK g[;seK jB. ‘j;zfdnK y/bzfdnK’ ;t?^ihtBh j?. ‘;g'oN; w?B nk|

gzikp’ T[BQK dh nzro/Ih GkPk ftZu fJZe j'o g[;se j?.

ep~vh

eZpvh gzikphnK dh wK^y/v wzBh rJh j?. PkfJd jh e'Jh gzikph j't/ fi;

dk fyvkoh iK doPe d/ o{g ftZu epZvh Bkb brkT[ Bk fojk j't/. ni'e/

g/Av{ gzikp ftu epZvh ;G s'A wep{b y/v j?. fJ; y/v tZb nkw gzikphnK dh J/Bh fyZu j? fe fJZe pzB/ Ubzfge y/vK j' ojhnK j'D s/ d{i/ pzB/ T[~u gkJ/

dh epZvh sK T[j epZvh t/yD ƒ soihj d/Dr/. i/ ed/ J/Xob/ s/ UXob/ gzikp

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE brkT[ Lfgnko wep{b LwzBh j'Jh,

gquZbs soihj Lgfjb d/Dk J/Xob/ LGkosh UXob/ Lgkfe;skBh

(2)

dk n;bh epZvh w?u j't/ sK tZv/ s'A tZvk ;N/vhnw th BZe'^BZe Go ikt/.

fJj y/v g/Av{nK ’u J/Bh jowB fgnoh j? fe fgzvK d/ ;kXkoB w?uK T[~s/ th jIkoK doPe i[V iKd/ jB. 1974 ftZu id'A gzikp dh epZvh Nhw fJzrb?Av d/ gzikphnK dh Nhw fto[ZX w?u y/vD bJh bzvB rJh sK T[~E/ ;kT{Ekb dk fJZe gkoe doPeK Bkb nkco frnk ;h. r'o/ j?okB ;B fe fJj fejVh y/v j? fi; ƒ Uto NkJhw bkT[D tkb/ gzikph fdjkVhnK GzB e/ th d/y oj/ jB.

epZvh dh y/v gzikph ;ZfGnkuko dk nfBZyV nzr j?. gzikph fiZE/ th rJ/ jB fJ; y/v ƒ nkgD/ Bkb jh b? rJ/ jB. fJj y/v gzikp d/ G{r'b s/ fJfsjk; ’u'A ;[Gkfte s"o ’s/ T[gih j?. gzikp dh Xosh ;dhnK pZXh jZfbnK s/ T[BQK dhnK mZbQK dk w?dkB pDh ojh j?. epZvh dh y/v okjhA gzikp dk fJfsjk; o{gwkB jz[dk j?. fw;kb ti'A fJZe fyvkoh epZvh gkT[D iKdk Xkth d/ o{g ftZu jZbk p'bdk j?. nZr'A e'Jh fyvkoh T[; Bkb wZEk bkT[D bJh fBsodk j? fit/A jwb/ ƒ mZbQ gk fojk j't/. Xkth seVk j't/ sK T[j mZbQ gkT[D tkb/

ƒ GzB wo'V e/ s/ T[jd/ T[~s/ csfj jk;b eoe/ ;[yh ;Kdh nkgD/ xo gos nkT[Adk j?. i/eo wkVk j't/ s/ nZr'A seV/ j'D sK T[j \[d wkfonk iKdk j?.

fJj' gzikp dk fJfsjk; j?. fijVk jwbkto gzikp T[~s/ ufVQnk i/ T[j seVk

;h sK T[; B/ gzikphnK ƒ wkfonk s/ bZ[fNnk ns/ i/ wkVk ;h gzikphnK jZE'A y'fjnk s/ wkfonk frnk.

eZpvh Ppd ‘epZv’ s'A pfDnk j?, fi; dk noE j?, eZpk. Xkth epZvh epZvh efjzdk Xktk eodk j? fit/A nky fojk j't/, “w?A eZpk jK, w?E'A pu'.”

nZr'A eZp/ ƒ eZpk jh Neodk j? s/ fiZs seV/ dh j[zdh j?. fJ; y/v okjhA nkw gzikphnK d/ eZp/ ;[Gkn dh th Mbe fd;dh j?. i/eo epZvh dh y/v dk ftfrnkBe nfXn?B eohJ/ sK fJj fJZe ;zg{oB s/ nwho y/v f;ZX j[zdh j?.

fJ; y/v ftZu eJh y/vK d/ ob/ fwb/ r[D fwbd/ jB. fJ; d/ ftZu dw, d"V s/ skes dh goy j' iKdh j?. u[;sh, ukbkeh s/ ukb Ykb dk fJwfsjkB j' iKdk j?. geV s/ g?AsV/ dk th gsk bZrdk j?. fJ; d/ ftZu ;{M, f;oV s/ f;ZXhnK g[ZmhnK wkoB d/ th fBsko/ j' iKd/ jB. epZvh dh y/v ftZu n?Eb?fNe; th j? s/ fiwBk;fNe; th. e[Psh th j? s/ ebk th. fJZe' ;kj epZvh epZvh dk nbkg c/cfVnK dh rzdh jtk fBu'V e/ T[BQK ƒ skIh Bo'Jh jtk dh nktkikJh dk do y'bQdk j?. jo/e ;kj fJZe fwzBh e[Psh x[bfdnK

;oho dh jzYD;koh tZXdh j?. ;kj Bk N[ZND d/D dk f;oV pzd/ ƒ n"yhnK n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

nkco frnk LGo frnk GzB e/ Lezw SZv e/

nfBZyV LtZy Bk j'D tkbk, nN[ZN jZfbnK LjwfbnK mZbQK Lo'eK fw;kb LT[dkjoD Xkth Ljwbkto$ e"vh

gkT[D tkbk x[bkVh LrzBk ghV

tkbh wPhB

cfsj LfiZs

ufVQnk Ljwbk ehsk g?AsV/ Ltko$sohe/

f;oV LfdqVQsk fBsko/ Lc?;b/, Bshi/

do LdotkIk

(3)

xVhnK ftZu th fiT{D dk tZb f;ykT[Adk j?. j[D th f;nkbK dh o[Zs/ gzikp d/ ;?AeV/ fgzvK ftZu epZvh d/ N{oBkw?AN j[zd/ jB. fiBQK ’u jIkoK fyvkoh Gkr b?Ad/ s/ bZyK doPeK dk f;jswzd wB'oziB eod/ jB.

epZvh dh y/v d/ gzikp d/ tZy^tZy fJbkfenK ftZu nB/eK o{g gqufbs oj/ jB. fJ; dh fJZe ftP/P o{g

;"Auh gZeh j[zdh ;h. n;b ftZu ;"Auh s'A jh epZvh dhnK j'o fe;wK ftef;s j'JhnK jB. fJZe fe;w dh r[zrh e"vh iK u[Zg e"vh ;h, fi; ƒ nzpo;oh e"vh th fejk iKdk ;h.

fJ; e"vh ftZu wko e[NkJh ekch j[zdh

;h. nzpkbth e"vh ftu dkfJok pj[s szr j[zdk ;h s/ Xkth ƒ fJZe ikch d/

jZE'A S[ZN ikD pknd d{;ok ikch, c/o shik, u"Ek, ikch tkoh tkoh iZc/ bk

;ed/ ;B. bkj"oh e"vh ftZu dkfJok BjhA ;h j[zdk. f;o| S/ Y/ohnK j[zdhnK

;B. ikch s/ Xkth d' Y/ohnK T[~s/ yVQ iKd/ s/ fto'Xh fXo dh Y/oh ƒ jZE bk e/ iK T[~go dh r/Vk eZY e/ xo gosDk j[zdk ;h. bkfJbg[oh e"vh ftZu y/v d"okB gkDh dh x[ZN th BjhA ;h ghD fdZsh iKdh. fco'Ig[oh e"vh ftZu fyvkoh jzfXnK s'A ekch d{o Y/ohnK T[~s/ yV'Ad/ ;B. fJzi jh fJZe S/ jzXh epZvh ;h s/ fJZe PwfbnK tkbh e"vh. gho e"vh XB g'm'jko d/ fJbke/ ftZu y/vh iKdh ;h. fJ; e"vh dh ftP/Psk fJj ;h fe Xkth ƒ nZfrT[A d' pzd/

x/od/ ;B. p?mthA e"vh, x'V epZvh, uhothA e"vh, bzwh epZvh, d'X/ s/ p[oihnK tkbh e"vh nkfd epZvh dhnK j'o ;EkBe tzBrhnK ;B. go j[D ;kohnK epZvhnK B/ ni'eh dkfJo/ tkbh epZvh dk fwnkoh o{g XkoB eo fbnk j?.

epZvh e"wh ;NkJhb fJ; s'A tZyoh j?.

gzikp ;NkJhb epZvh fi; ƒ dkfJo/ tkbh epZvh th fejk iKdk j? j[D 22 whNo d/ dkfJo/ ftZu y/vh iKdh j?. gfjbK fJ; ƒ gzdoK gzMZso c[ZN dk dkfJok fejk iKdk ;h. j[D 22 whNo bzpkJh sZe chsk y'bQ e/ e/Ado s'A nkb/

d[nkb/ dkfJok beho fbnk iKdk j?. ftueko f;ZXh beho dk gkVk fyZu fdZsk iKdk j?. T[; gkV/ d/ ftueko 6 whNo dh ftZE ’s/ d' Y/ohnK bk bJhnK iKdhnK jB, fiBQK ƒ jzX/ fejk iKdk j?. fJBQK ftZu dh fyvkoh B/ e"vh gkT[D ikDk s/ tkg; gosDk j[zdk j?. fyvkohnK dhnK NhwK 14^14 fyvkohnK ’s/

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE f;nkbK L;odhnK

;"Auh LepZvh dk w[ZYbk o{g nzpo;oh Lnzfwqs;o, gzikp ftu fJe fJbkek nzpkbth Lnzpkb/ tkbh bkfJbg[oh Lgkfe;skB

ftu fJe Pfjo dk BK PwfbnK LgrVh T[go

fBefbnk s[obk g'm'jko Lgkfe;skB d/

y/so dk BK jzfXnK LgkV/ dhnK

Y/ohnK ni'eh LnZi eZbQ dh gkV/ Lftuekobh

bkJhB g?ANQ Lnze nt/;b/ Lbkgotkj nDr"fbnk LBIo nzdkI,

fXnkB Bk d/Dk w{jfoT[A L;kjwD/ s'A

cVkJh LcVBk

e?Auh LbZsK Bkb cVB dk dkn tb?sh Lftd/P

wkfJe LnkoEe

fYZv'A ikJh LnkgDh wK^y/v cozrhnK Lnzro/IK

(4)

fBoGo j[zdhnK jB, fiBQK ftu 4^4 fyvkoh okyt/A j[zd/ jB. fJZe Nhw gkV/

d/ fJZe gk;/ s/ d{ih d{i/ gk;/ yVQdh j?. y/v g[Pke f;o| eZSk jh j[zdh j?

go j[D fes/ fes/ fyvkoh p[B?D th gkT[D bZr/ jB. y/v d/ w?u dk ;wK thj gzi thj fwzN j[zdk j?. f;Zek T[Skb e/ Nk; dk |?;bk ehsk iKdk j?. Nk;

fiZsD tkbh Nhw dh T[Sb j[zdh j? fe wBGkT[Adk gk;k wZb/ iK e"vh gkT[D dh gfjb b? bt/. tX/o/ nze jk;b eoB tkbh Nhw i/s{ frDh iKdh j?. pokpo nzeK dh ;fEsh ftZu gfjbK nze jk;b eoB tkbh Nhw ƒ i/s{ eoko fdZsk iKdk j?. d' fyvkt/ j[zd/ jB s/ fJZe ;wKgkb s/ d' bkJhBw?B. epZvh y/vfdnK mZph, ug/V iK T[vthA e?Auh wkoBh wBQK j[zdh j?. e'Jh nzr wo'VBk iK ikD e/ ;ZN wkoBh th |kT{b y/v frDh iKdh j?.

gzikp ftZu epZvh jowB fgnkoh j'D d/ pkti{d y/v ndkfonk tZb'A epZvh n|;'; dh rZb fJj j? fe gzikp d/ y/v ndkfonK tZb'A epZvh dh y/v ƒ UBk wjZst BjhA fdZsk iKdk i' gZSw tZb'A nkJhnK y/vK ƒ fdZsk iKdk j?. dbhb fJj fdZsh iKdh j? fe epZvh dk x/ok e/tb gzikp iK nKY^r[nKY d/ e[M fJbkfenK sZe jh ;hws j? idfe jkeh, c[ZNpkb s/ feqeN nkfd nzso^okPNoh y/vK jB. e[M y/v nfXekoh sK fJj th efjzd/ ;[D/ jB fe epZvh dk uzr/

s'A uzrk fyvkoh eh yZN bt/rk < don;b n;hA gzikph nkgD/ ;ZfGnkuko tZb'A nt/;b/ j' e/ pj[sh tko j'oBhA gk;hA bZr s[od/ jK. gzikp dk e'Jh rZGo{ nzro/

IK dh y/v feqeN d/ uko NZb/ tXhnk bk d/t/ sK T[jdk iZ; eoB'A BjhA EZed/

s/ fJBkwK^;BwkBK d/ Y/o bk fdzd/ jK go epZvh d/ XBzso fyvkoh ƒ nDr"fbnk eo fdzd/ jK.

fco th epZvh d/ eJh nfij/ fyvkoh jB fiBQK B/ nkgDh y/v ;edk gzikphnK d/ fdbK ftZu BkfJeK torh EK pDkJh j'Jh j?. thjthA ;dh d/ nkozG ftZu ;or'X/ dk pkp{ ceho w[jzwd j'fJnk j? fijVk fNtkfDnK dh gqf;ZX epZvh Nhw dk egskB jz[dk ;h. T[jd/ pko/ ejkts uZbh ‘e"vh ceho dh gk;/ ikt/

uhodh’. ;[bskB Pkj nkd/ tkbk th XZeV Xkth ;h. fi; ƒ fNtkfDnK B/

fJBkw tZi'A d' w[oZp/ IwhB fdZsh. T[jƒ e'Jh wkJh dk bkb vZe BjhA ;fenk.

f;o| PkjI'o fyvkoh skok f;zx rZNh tkbk jh fJZe w?u ftZu T[; dh pokpoh eo ;fenk.

gzikphnK ftZu feogkb f;zx ;kX epZvh dk nkcs ikch ;h. T[jd/ pko/

wPj{o ;h fe e'Jh gzSh T[~v i/ sK T[~v i/ go T[jd/ w{jfoT[A BZm e/ e'Jh pzdk BjhA ;h fBeb ;edk. efjzd/ jB r[ZN dh cVkJh ;kX T[~s/ \sw ;h.

(5)

T[j bZr/ jZE fszB^fszB e?AuhnK bk iKdk s/ ;kjh ƒ n;b'A o'b fdzdk. 1954 ftZu gkfe;skBh gzikp dh epZvh Nhw J/Xo w?u y/vD nkJh sK feogkb f;zx B/ UXob/ XkthnK ƒ pzBQ bk fdZs/. w?u fgZS'A jZE fwbk e/ w?dkB ’u'A pkjo nkT[D bZr/ sK gkfe;skB d/ fJZe Xkth B/ fejk, “Gkn ih, T[Ai sK s[jkv/

jZE e{b/ fij/ jB go y/vfdnK id'A s[;hA cVd/ ;h sK ikgdk ;h fit/A ;kv/

r[ZN t/bD/ ’u nk rJ/ j'D.”

1955 ftZu ;kX, fi; ƒ epZvh dk r[o{ th fejk iKdk ;h, J/Xob/ gzikp dh Nhw dk egskB pD e/ gkfe;skB w?u y/vD frnk. T[~E/ T[; B/ nfijhnK geVK ftykJhnK fe gkfe;skBhnK

B/ T[jƒ ‘r[ZN dk gho ;odko’

efj e/ tfvnkfJnk.

fpZb{ oki/nkDhJ/A d/ jZE fe;/

Xkth dk r[ZN nk iKdk sK doPe e{e T[md/, “nk rJh x[bkVh ’u pKj. j[D feZE/ ikt/Ark <”

fBoG? owhdh tkbk iw{o tKr bZsK pkjK dh eZ; gk b?Adk

;h s/ yVQk^yVQk eJh^eJh e?AuhnK

bk iKdk. jm{o d/ SKr/ dk th fBnkDk gkT[D ’u e'Jh ;kBh BjhA ;h. pkp{

jopz; bkb fi; ƒ d';s fwZso x[Zrk efjzd/ ;B, fyvkohnK ’u ‘v/Aio’ d/

BK Bkb wPj{o ;h. bkfJbg[ohnk u"Xoh w[jzwd ;dhe th s{ckB w/b Xkth

;h. ;zs'y f;zx ‘s'yh’ J/Bk s/I soko ;h fe T[jdk BK jh ‘n?Nw pzp’ uZb fBefbnk. ;zs'y f;zx NkJhro iZc/ dk p/fw;kb PkfJo ;h. t?o'fenK dk Bzih, Y[vhfenK dk whs', r[od/t nZNk, ;'jD izg, ioB?b o[Vek, ;otD owhdh, wzƒ yK, Bio Phd', nihs wkbVh, wZd'fenK dk wZb, wfjzdo p'bk, pfmzv/ tZb d/

eoB?b s/ ;[fBnkok nkfd nB/eK nfij/ fyvkoh jB fiBQK dhnK f;|sK ;ZEK

’u j[zdhnK ojhnK.

thjthA ;dh d/ fgSb/ nZX ’u wbe w[Pske, d/th fdnkb, i'sk, gqhsk,

;Zsk, BSZso YKvh, c"ik, ihsk, skok, fo;kbk, fPtd/t, fcZvk, joihs, nzro/I fpZbk, r[bIko nbh, ;hok s/ pzs u{jVuZehnk nkfd fyvkoh pVh uVQs ftZu oj/ jB. ehjdk ehjdk BK bJhJ/ gzikp ;?AeV/ u'Nh d/ epZvh fyvkohnK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?. ed/ pbftzdo fcZv{ dh Mzvh j[zdh ;h, s/ ed/ joihs

(6)

pkikykBk dh. T[BQK B/ epZvh d/ f;o'A bZyK o[gJ/ ewkJ/. j[D T[; dk ;hIB xZN' xZN d' bZy o[gJ/ dk brdk j?. T[BQK dh e"vh dhnK Xz[wK ;Zs ;w[zdoK gko se gJhnK ojhnK. T[j fJe' ;kj fszB fszB w?u y/v iKd/ s/ brksko

;" s'A tZX e"vhnK gkT[D Bkb th BjhA ;h jcd/.

epZvh j[D e"wKsoh y/v pD rJh j?. J/Xob/ s/ UXob/ gzikp s'A fpBK fJj y/v j'o eJh w[beK ftZu th pkekfJdk y/vh iKdh j?. fJzrb?Av, e?B/vk s/ nwohek nkfd w[beK ftZu t;/ gzikphnK d/ nB/eK epZvh ebZp s/ epZvh c?vo/PBK jB i' epZvh d/ ;" s'A tZX N{oBkw?AN eokT[AdhnK jB. feqeN tKr T[~E/ epZvh dk ‘;hIB’ y/fvnk iKdk j? fi; bJh J/Xo'A epZvh fyvkoh jtkJh ijkI dhnK fNeNK G/i e/ ;Zd/ iKd/ jB. fJj y/v nwohek, e?B/vk, ehBhnk, nk;Nq/bhnk, fJzzrb?Av, wbkfJnk s/ f;zxkg[o ik t;/ gzikphnK ’u pVh wep{b j?. Gkos^gkfe sK \?o epZvh d/ xo j'J/.

epZvh don;b gzikphnK d/ bj{ ftZu ;wkJh j'Jh j?. epZvh dk ;kj nkw gzikphnK bJh ihtB^;[nk; j? ihjƒ bJ/ fpBK T[BQK dk ;odk BjhA Gkt/A T[j gzikp dh Xosh ’s/ ofjD s/ Gkt/A tb?shA ik t;D. epZvh BK ftu jh MoBkjN j? s/ y/v ftu nk\oK dh fyZu. fJ; y/v B/ gzikp d/ rZGo{nK ƒ seV/ th pDkJh ofynk j?, fjzwsh th s/ fIzdrh dhnK orVK ;fjD i'r/ th. fJ;

y/v dk gzikphnK Bkb gfjbK th bj{ s/ ;kj dk foPsk ;h s/ j[D th j?.

gZSwh d/PK dhnK p/PZe pj[s ;kohnK y/vK gzikphnK ftu gqufbs j' u[ZehnK jB go jkbK th epZvh gzikphnK dh ;G s'A tZX jowB fgnkoh y/v j?.

b'V j? gzikp ftZu fJZe epZvh e/Ado T[;kfonk ikt/ fiE'A fJZe y/v gfsqek gqekfPs j't/. e/Ado ftZu fJZe r?boh pDkJh ikt/ fiZE/ fyvkohnK s/ y/v^fdqPK d/ fuZso bkJ/ ikD ns/ wjZstg{oB y/v fBPkBhnK ;KGhnK ikD. nkJ/ rJ/

fyvkohnK dh fojkfJP dk gqpzX j't/. T[; e/Ado tZb'A ;ZN c/N dh jkbs ns/

p/;jkok fyvkohnK bJh wkfJe ;jkfJsk d/D dk gqpzX j't/. tZy^tZy ndkfonK ftZu epZvh fyvkohnK bJh B"eohnK th ;[oZfyns oZyhnK ikD. gzikp dh fJ;

rohpDh go fYZv'A ikJh y/v bJh T[go'es ;[Mkn Gkt/A e[M b'eK ƒ Gkt[e fij/

bZrD go nk\o ƒ sK fJ; y/v dh ;ko gzikphnK B/ jh b?Dh j?, cozrhnK B/ BjhA.

fN~gDh

fJ; b/y ftZu b/ye efjDk ukjz[dk j? fe epZvh dh y/v gzikphnK ftueko

;G s'A tZX y/vh ikD tkbh y/v j?. fJj y/v gzikph ;ZfGnkuko dk nfBZyVtK

(7)

nzr j?. fJ; y/v okjhA gzikp dk fJfsjk; o{gwkB j[zdk j?. epZvh gzikp dh jowB fgnkoh y/v j?. go fJ; d/ pkti{d fJ; ƒ nzsookPNoh y/vK fizBh soihj BjhA fdZsh iKdh. epZvh gzikphnK d/ bj{ ftZu ;wkJh j'Jh j?. fJj gzikphnK bJh ihtB^iku tKr j?. b/ye B/ fyvkohnK d/ jZe ftZu nktkI p[bzd ehsh j?. b/ye dk efjDk j? fe fJ; y/v ƒ gqc[Zfbs eoB bJh e/Ado tZb'A fyvkohnK dh wkfJe ;jkfJsk eoBh ukjhdh j?. fJZe epZvh e/Ado th pDkT[Dk ukjhdk j?. fJZE/ fyvkohnK Bkb ;zpzfXs fJ; y/v dhnK fBPkBhnK dh ;zGkb ehsh ikt/. e/Ado ftZu y/v r?boh pDkJh ikt/ fiZE/ fyvkohnK ns/

y/v fdqPK d/ fuZso brkJ/ ikD. fyvkohnK dh wdd eoB bJh T[BQK tk;s/

o[Irko dk gqpzX eoB dh th b/ye B/ wzr ehsh j?.

nfGnk;

1H d~;' yK Gbk L

(i) epZvh Ppd s'A eh Gkt j? <

(ii) epZvh gzikphnK dh jowB fgnkoh y/v feT[A j? <

(iii) “epZvh dh y/v okjhA gzikphnK dk fJfsjk; o{gwkB j[zdk j?.” fJ;

eEB dh ftnkfynk eo'.

(iv) gzikp ;NkJhb epZvh d/ pko/ ft;Eko Bkb uouk eo'.

(v) epZvh dh y/v ƒ nzsookPNoh y/vK fizBh soIhj feT[A BjhA fdZsh iKdh <

(vi) epZvh d/ e[M gqw[Zy fyvkohnK d/ BK dZ;'.

(vii) ‘r[ZN dk gho ;odko’ fe; ƒ fejk frnk j? s/ feT[A <

nkU e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/ L

(i) eh s[;hA nkg ed/ e'Jh y/v y/vh j? < T[; y/v dhnK gqkgshnK pko/ o"PBh gkT[.

(ii) y/v ftZu jko^fiZs pko/ s[;hA eh ;'ud/ j' < eh y/v f;o| fiZs^jko sZe jh ;hfws j[zdh j? < nkgDk soe g/P eo' <

(iii) ‘gVQ'r/ fby'r/ pD'r/ Btkp, y/v'r/ eZ[d'r/ j't'r/ \okp’ eh s[;hA fJ;

eEB Bkb ;fjws j' < i/ BjhA sK fJ; d/ fto'X ftZu nkgDhnK dbhbK g/P eo'.

(8)

(iv) gzikphnK dh wK^y/v fejVh j? < fJe ukoN dh wdd Bkb fJ;

dh ;zouBk dk fusoB eo'.

(v) fJZe fyvkoh d/ s"o ’s/ fe;/ o?|oh iK nzgkfJo pko/ s[jkv/

eh ftuko jB. fyvkoh s/ fJBQK dk ;zpzX y/v T[go eh n;o gkT[Adk j? <

nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) s/ }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L (i) epZvh dh y/v gzikph ;ZfGnkuko dk nfByVtK nzr j?.

(ii) epZvh dh y/v dk ftfrnkBe nfXn?B BjhA j' ;edk.

(iii) epZvh dh fJe fe;w ;"Auh gZeh jz[dh j?.

(iv) epZvh dk e'Jh th fyvkoh BkfJe tork BjhA pD ;fenk.

(v) epZvh t/yD bJh ;kT{Ekb dk gkoe doPeK Bkb Go frnk ;h.

JH ykbh EktK Go' L

(i) gzikph T[bzfge y/vK Bkb'A HHH t/yD ƒ soIhj fdzd/ jB.

(ii) epZvh gkT[D tkb/ ƒ HHH nkyd/ jB.

(iii) epZvh dh y/v ƒ HHH dh wK y/v wzfBnk iKdk j?.

(iv) Gkos s/ gkfe;skB epZvh d/ HHH jB.

(v) epZvh dh y/v dhnK fBPkBhnK ;zGkbD bJh HHH dh b'V j?.

;H i'V/ pDkT[ L

(i) u"Xoh w[jzwd ;dhe v/Aio (ii) feogkb f;zx ;kX n?Nw pzp (iii) pkp{ jopz; bkb s{|kB w/b Xkth (iv) ;zs'y f;zx s'yh r[ZN dk gho ;odko

xo r?boh

ep~vh

Xkth gzikphnK

(9)

jH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L (i) gosDk HHH (ii) u[;s HHH (iii) tXhnk HHH (iv) cVBk HHH

eH ;wkBkoEe Ppd fby' L (i) Xkth HHH

(ii) eko HHH (iii) f;nkb HHH (iv) brkT[ HHH

yH ep~vh dhnK j/m fbyhnK fe;wK dh ftP/Psk d~;' L (i) nzpo;oh e"vh HHH

(ii) nzpkbth e"vh HHH (iii) bkj"oh e"vh HHH (iv) fco'Ig[oh e"vh HHH (v) gho e"vh HHH

(vi) gzikp ;NkJhb epZvh HHH

(10)

wjkswk p[~X dhnK ;{\wskJhnK

r[oBkw f;zx sho

P\;hns s/ ouBk

r[oBkw f;zx sho dk iBw 30 i{B, 1930 ƒ fgzv e'N ;[yhnk, |ohde'N, gzikp fty/ fgsk Bzd f;zx pokV d/ xo wksk nk; e"o dh eZ[y'A j'fJnk. T[BQK B/ ftnzrkswe fBpzXK d/ y/so ftZu uzrk BkwDk yZfNnk j?. ;sjh jk;/ s'A gko ik e/ fdb dhnK vz{xkDK sZe I\w bkT[Adh eNk\Ph BPso T[BQK dhnK fbysK dk whoh r[D j?. T[BQK d/ ftP/ nkw s"o ’s/

;wkie, oki;h, Xkofwe iK nkofEe ;wZf;nk ƒ ftnzrkswe Yzr Bkb g/P eoe/ jk;^o; g?dk eod/ jB. T[BQK B/ nkgDhnK ouBktK ftZu ;z;ko d/

wzB/^gqwzB/ XowK d/ ;{\w jk;^ftnzr ƒ th g/P ehsk j?. T[BQK XowK d/ wjkB T[gd/P fit/A nkgD/^nkg ƒ Xowh efjD d/ pkti{d ;ko/ Xzd/ nXow d/ eoB tkb/ wB[ZyK nkfd B[efsnK ƒ S'fjnk j?.

r[oBkw f;zx sho ;gskfje ekbw ‘ukuk uzvhrVQhnk’ th fbyd/ ;B.

T[j fJZe b/ye, tehb (n?vt'e/N), gZsoeko ns/ ;hBhno nekbh B/sk th ;B. T[j 15 ngq?b, 1991 ƒ nekb ubkDk eo rJ/. T[BQK dhnK w[Zy ouBktK ‘neb ikVQ’, ‘r[VQsh’, ‘nZXh oks dhnK jkeK’, ‘ukuk uzvhrVQhnk’,

‘nkofN;N p'fbnk’, ‘w?ƒ w?E'A pukU’, ‘fwZmhnK ghVK’, ‘fdZbh dh tehb e[Vh’,

‘r[zMbK’, ‘S{j^wzso’, ‘fBoh cVQ’, ‘jZ;dk gzikp’, ‘jZ;dh d[Bhnk’, ‘tkj fgnk ikDhJ/’ nkfd jB.

(11)

wjkswk p[~X dhnK ;{\wskJhnK

wjkswk p[ZX efjej/ wkoe/ jZ;D d/ nkdh BjhA ;B. fBzwh^fBzwh s/ ;{\w w[;eokjN Bkb eJh tko fIzdrh dhnK tZvhnK^tZvhnK ;ZukJhnK fByko e/ oZy fdzd/ ;B.

wjkswk p[ZX d/ ;w/A e[M nkdwh nkgD/ nkg ƒ ePN d/D ftZu wjkBsk

;wMd/ ;B. T[BQK B/ th P[o{^P[o{ ftZu fJBQK tkbk nfGnk; ehsk, gozs{ fco SZv fdZsk. fJZe fdB wjkswk p[ZX ƒ fJZe nfijk pzdk fwfbnk, fi; B/ fe wjkswk p[ZX ƒ |\o Bkb fejk, “w?A 25 ;kbK d/ nfGnk; pknd J/Bh :'rsk gqkgs eo bJh j? fe w?A dfonk d/ gkDh T[~s/ s[o ;edk jK.”

wjkswk p[ZX w[;eokJ/ s/ efjD bZr/, “GkJh sz{ sK fco fIzdrh d/ 25 toQ/ r[nk e/ oZy fdZs/ jB. fJj ;wK s?ƒ fe;/ uzr/ b/y/ bkT[Dk ukjhdk ;h.

fePsh tkb/ ƒ fJZe Nek d/ e/ dfonk dk gkDh sK sz{ 2^4 fwzN ftZu jh NZg

;edk ;h.”

nkgD/ nkg ƒ ePN d/D tkb/ nkdwhnK pko/ wjkswk p[ZX d/ fJZe pzX{

B/ nk e/ dZf;nk fe cbkD/^cbkD/ d' pzd/ nkgD/ :sBK Bkb e[Zsk s/ eK pDB dh e'fPP eo oj/ jB. T[BQK dh fJ; fIzdrh dk fgZS'A eh pD/rk <

wjkswk ih w[;eok e/ efjD bZr/, “iK sK fJj d't/A pzd/ e[Zs/ s/ eK dh i{B ftZu gk fdZs/ ikDr/ s/ iK fco pzd/ dh i{B ƒ y/j^\okp eoB eoe/ BoeK d/ Gkrh j' ikDr/.”

wjkswk p[ZX dk fJZe u/bk g[ZNk fJZe fdB wjkswk ih dh T[;ssh eodk j'fJnk efjD bZrk, “w?A ;wMdk jK fe ;ko/ ;z;ko ftZu s[jkv/ s'A tZvk p[ZX Bk ed/ j'fJnk j?, ns/ Bk jh nZr'A bJh j't/rk.”

wjkswk ih w[;eok e/ efjD bZr/, “;qh g[ZNk, fJ; dk wsbp fJj j'fJnk fe s[jkƒ j[D sZe j' u[Ze/ p[ZXK s/ T[BQK dhnK gqkgshnK pko/ g{ok^g{ok frnkB j?.”

;qh g[ZNk efjD bZrk, “BjhA wjkoki, n?;h sK e'Jh rZb BjhA.”

fco wjkswk p[ZX efjD bZr/, “fijV/ p[ZX nZr'A g?dk j'Dr/, PkfJd s[jkƒ T[BQK pko/ th gfjbK jh frnkB j' u[Zfenk ikgdk j?.”

pzX{ BhthA gk e/ efjD bZrk, “BjhA ih, fpbe[b BjhA.”

nZr/ uZb e/ wjkswk p[ZX efjD bZr/, “j'o BjhA sK sz{ xZN'^xZN w/o/

o'w^o'w d/ jo ftuko s'A Gbh gqeko ikDz{ j?A, s/ fJ; pko/ nEkj frnkB oZydk j?A.”

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE efjej/ LT[~uh

;{yw Ljbeh

|\o LwkD

y/j \okp

eoBk LfwZNh \okp eoBk, popkd eoBk T[;ssh Lgq;z;k nEkj LftPkb,

pj[s fInkdk

(12)

“BjhA jI{o, fJj rZb BjhA j?.”

wjkswk p[ZX jZ;d/ j'J/ efjD bZr/, “nkdwh ƒ J/vh e[ gkvh jh wkoBh ukjhdh j?, fiZvh e[ T[; dh ;{M^p{M nkfrnk d/t/. sz{ sK gfjbK tkb/ p[ZXK ns/ nkT[D tkb/ p[ZXK pko/ fJ; soQK efj fojk j?A, fi; soQK fe sz{ T[BQK dh fIzdrh s'A Gbh^GKs ikDz{ j't/A s/ g{ok^g{ok frnkB oZydk j't/A. fJj p/^p[fBnkd rZbK dk nk\o eh bkG <”

wjkswk p[ZX fJZe fdB rik eoB rJ/ sK T[j fJj' fij/ fJZe xo ub/

rJ/, fijVk T[BQK ƒ fxoDk dh BIo Bkb t/ydk ;h. T[; xo tkb/ B/ rik gkT[D dh EK wjkswk p[ZX ƒ rkbQK eZY fdZshnK.

wjkswk p[ZX r[Z;k eoB dh EK jZ; e/ efjD bZr/, “d';s, i/ e'Jh fe;/

ƒ dyPDk d/t/, go nrb/ gkf;T[A dyPDk b?D tkbk BKj eo d/t/ sK fco dyPDK tkb/ wkb ’s/ fe; dk jZe j'fJnk <”

xo tkbk efjD bZrk, “dyPDk d/D tkb/ dk.”

bkov p[ZXk efjD bZr/, “uzrk fco s/o/ tZb'A fdZshnK rJhnK rkbQK w?A t;{b eoB bJh fsnko BjhA jK. fJj nkgDk ehwsh wkb sz{ nkgD/ jh gk; oZy b?. w?ƒ sK e/tb J/BK n|;'; j? fe w?A nZr/ Bkb'A j'o rohp j' frnk jK, feT[Afe w?ƒ s/o/ tork fJZe ehwsh d';s SZvDk g? fojk j?.”

bkov p[ZXk fJZe fdB eEk eod/ j'J/ nkgD/ ;kEhnK ƒ efjD bZr/, “fIzdrh p/Pow, bVke/, Pokosh ns/ ftjbV b'eK bJh r[IkoBh pj[s jh ;"yh j?.

fijV/ fJwkBdkoh, B/e^Bhns, ;Zu/ fdb ns/ ;opZs d/ Gb/ ƒ ;kjwD/ oZy e/ ;zrokw eod/ jB, T[BQK bJh fIzdrh r[IkoBh e[M n"yh j[zdh j?. go i'

;tkd nfij/ b'eK ƒ gqkgs j[zdk j?, T[j b[ZN^x;[ZN eoB tkb/ b'eK ƒ gqkgs BjhA j[zdk.”

bzw/ GkPD d/D tkfbnK pko/ wjkswk ih efjD bZr/, “nebwzdh Bkb fejk fJZe Ppd xzfNnK pZXh fdZs/ rJ/ cI{b GkPD Bkb'A fInkdk ehwsh j[zdk j?.”

fJ;/ soQK nZr/ uZb e/ efjzd/ jB, “B/e ns/ gftZso g[oP dh fIzdrh dk fJZe fdB w{oy pzd/ dh jIkoK ;kbK dh fIzdrh Bkb'A fes/ fpjso jz[dk j?. fijV/

pzd/ pj[sk p'bd/ j'D, T[BQK ƒ pj[s tZvk ftdtkB BjhA ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk. fijV/

Grt/A bhV/ gkJh fcod/ j'D, Io{oh BjhA fe T[j ;zs j'D.”

fco nZr/ uZb e/ wjkswk pZ[X ih c[owkT[Ad/ jB, “T[; pzd/ bJh oks pVh bzwh j' iKdh j?, fi; ƒ ikrDk gt/. T[; ƒ nkgDk g?Avk j'o th bzwk bZrdk j?, fijVk pzdk EZfenk^N[ZfNnk j't/ s/ ;G s'A p/noE fIzdrh T[; pzd/ dh j' n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

gkvh wkoBk LcV wkoBh, vhAr wkoBh rik LrZi e/ (T[~u/

;[o Bkb p'b e/) wzrh j'Jh fGZfynk YZfrnK tor/LgP{nK tor/

nfeqsxD Lnfj;kB

|okw'P

(13)

iKdh j?, fijVk w{oy j't/. e[dos s/ fJB;kB d/

ekƒBK s'A jo soQK Bkb nBikD j't/. fJ; bJh fe;/ w{oy Bkb ;kE fBGkT[D Bkb'A fJeZb/ ofjDk fes/ uzrk j[zdk j?. fi; w{oy ƒ nkgDh nfrnkBsk dk frnkB j' ikJ/, T[j f;nkDk frfDnk ikt/rk s/

fijVk nkgD/ nkg ƒ wZb' wZbh f;nkDk ;wMdk fco/, T[j don;b tZvk w{oy j[zdk j?. fijV/ pzd/

xZN frnkB gqkgs eod/ jB, T[j ;koh T[wo YZfrnK tor/ j[zd/ jB, T[AM Gkt/A T[j T[wo d/

fbjkI Bkb fezB/ tZv/ j[zd/ ub/ ikD.”

wjkswk ih fJZe fdB efjD bZr/, “wkV/ pzd/ dh d';sh eoBk ns/ uzr/ pzd/

Bkb d[PwDh eoBk pzd/ dh fIzdrh ftZu w[;hpsK dk tkXk eodh j?. fijV/ pzd/

nkgD/ XB dh e/tb nkgDhnK fBZih y[PhnK bJh jh tos'A eod/ jB, s/ fe;/

j'o d/ wz{j ftZu fJZe rokjh gkT[Dk gkg ;wMd/ jB, T[j XB dh Y/oh s/ p?m/

Ifjohb/ ;ZgK tor/ j[zd/ jB. i/ e'Jh w{oy iK nfeqsxD pzdk g[Zm/ f;ZX/ Yzr Bkb oki sys ’s/ ik fpoki/ sK fizBhnK w[;hpsK b'eK bJh T[j tXkT[Adk j?, UBhnK PkfJd j'o e'Jh Bk tXkT[Adk j't/. jo pzd/ d/ wz{j ftZu ihG dh EK e[jkVh oZyh j[zdh j?, id'A fJj e[jkVh wkV/ Ppd p'bdh j? sK T[j T[; dh Pkjor ƒ tZY

;[ZNdh j?. fJ; bJh wz{j ftZu oZyh e[jkVh s'A ;dk pu e/ ofjDk ukjhdk j?.”

fN~gDh

fJj b/y Bhsh puBK T[~s/ nkXkfos jk;^ftnzr j?. fJ; ftZu wjkswk p[ZX dk ;{\w jk;^ftnzr j?. T[j fBzwh^fBzwh s/ ;{\w w[;eokjN Bkb fIzdrh dhnK tZvhnK^tZvhnK ;ZukJhnK fByko e/ oZy fdzd/ ;B. nkgD/ ;oho ƒ ePN d/ e/

e[M BtK eoB tkfbnK iK cVQK wkoB tkfbnK ƒ T[BQK B/ pj[s ;fjisk Bkb

;wMkfJnk j?. b/ye B/ w{oy s/ p[ZXhwkB, frnkBh s/ nfrnkBh ns/ wkV/ s/

uzr/ ftueko |oe ƒ wjkswk p[ZX d/ puBK okjhA pVh ;obsk Bkb ;wMkfJnk j?. r[oBkw f;zx sho B/ ftnzrkswe P?bh ftZu fJ; b/y dh ouBk ehsh j?.

nfGnk;

1H d~;' yK Gbk L

(i) pj[s nfGnk; s'A pknd dfonk d/ gkDh T[~s/ s[o ;eD tkb/

ftnesh ƒ wjkswk p[ZX B/ eh fejk <

(14)

(ii) wjkswk p[ZX d/ u/b/ g[ZNk B/ T[BQK dh gq;z;k ftZu eh fejk <

(iii) wjkswk p[ZX B/ nkgD/ j'o rohp j'D dk eh ekoB dZf;nk <

(iv) feBQK b'eK bJh fIzdrh r[IkoBh n"yh j[zdh j? <

(v) ‘wz{j ftZu oZyh e[jkVh s'A ;dk pu e/ ofjDk ukjhdk j?’, tke dk Gkt ;gPN eo'.

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/ L

(i) fe;/ j'o Xkofwe P\;hns d/ B?fse T[gd/PK ƒ fJeZmk eoe/

;eo?g p[Ze ftZu fby'.

(ii) wjkswk p[ZX d/ ihtB dhnK j'o xNBktK d/ jtkb/ Bkb ft;sko ftZu f;ZfynkdkfJe soeK pko/ ikDekoh fdT[.

(iii) p[ZX Xow d/ ‘nPN wkor’ pko/ fJZe ukoN fsnko eo'.

(iv) eh s[jkƒ nkgDh pd^I[pkBh ekoB ed/ fe;/ d/ r[Z;/ dk fPeko j'Dk fgnk j? < nfijh fe;/ xNBk dk toBD eo'.

(v) eh s[;hA fe;/ nfij/ ftnesh ƒ ikDd/ j' i' nkgDh p[[ZXh s'A tZX P/yh wkodk j't/ < T[; dh fJ; nkds ƒ ft;sko ftZu fbyD dh e'fPP eo'.

nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L (i) pzX{ B/ wjkswk p[ZX ƒ d' pzfdnK d/ e[Zsk s/ eK pDB

dhnK e'fPP pko/ ikDekoh fdZsh.

(ii) wjkswk p[ZX B/ nkgD/ u/b/ g[ZNk tb'A ehsh gq;z;k wzB bJh.

(iii) wjkswk p[ZX B/ wkV/ pzd/ Bkb d';sh eoB dh jwkfJs ehsh.

(iv) bzw/ s/ |I{b GkPD ƒ p[ZX B/ Bekfonk j?.

(v) wjkswk p[ZX B/ wz{j ftZu oZyh e[jkVh ƒ ubkT[D dh iku f;ykJh.

(15)

JH ykbh EktK Go' L

(i) wjkswk p[ZX B/ dyPDK ftZu fwbhnK HHH tkg; eo fdZshnK.

(ii) HHH pzd/ dh fIzdrh p/noE j[zdh j?.

(iii) nkgDh HHH ƒ ikDB tkbk pzdk f;nkDk jz[dk j?.

(iv) i' pzdk d/o sZe ikrdk ofjzdk j? T[;

bJh HHH pVh bzwh j' iKdh j?.

(v) }bs Yzr Bkb oki s\s ’s/ gj[zfunk pzdk b'eK bJh HHH dk ekoB pDdk j?.

;H gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ n~r/ Ppd i'V e/ ;wk;h Ppd pDkT[ L (i) HHH P[o{

(ii) HHH g{ok (iii) HHH p{M (iv) HHH x;[ZN jH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L

(i) nEkj HHH (ii) :'rsk HHH (iii) frnkBh HHH (iv) fJwkBdkoh

eH ;wkBkoEe Ppd fby' L (i) p[ZXhwkB HHH (ii) p/noE HHH (iii) fxoDk HHH (iv) ePN HHH

yH j/m fby/ PpdK d/ tke pDkT[ L (i) nfeqsxD HHH HHH HHH HHH (ii) b[ZN^y;[ZN HHH HHH HHH HHH (iii) dyPDk HHH HHH HHH HHH (iv) nfrnkBh HHH HHH HHH HHH

oks w[;hps

w{oy

rkbQK nfrnkBsk

(16)

u~b w/oh rmVh Pfjo' Pfjo `

e[bpho f;zx eKr

P\;hns s/ ouBk

e[bpho f;zx eKr dk iBw 13 iBtoh, 1936 ƒ nzfwqs;o fty/ fgsk frnkBh r[ouoB f;zx d/ xo wksk irihs e"o dh e[Zy'A j'fJnk. T[j gzikph

;kfjs ftu fJZe ftbZyD b/ye jB. fJZe f;ow"o nkb'ue j'D d/ Bkb^Bkb T[j fJZe ;|b b/ye th jB. T[BQK B/ fJZe nB[tkde d/ s"o ’s/ th gqf;ZXh gqkgs ehsh. eKr gzikph irs ƒ bfbs fBpzX dhnK S/ g[;seK gqdkB eo u[Ze/ jB. fJBQK fBpzXK ftZu jo gqeko d/ ftP/

bJ/ rJ/ jB fit/A o'wKue, ;wkie, nkoEe, okiBhse s/ wB'^ftfrnkBe.

eKr d/ eJh fBpzX ekft^wJh jB. T[j eftsk BjhA fbyd/ go eftsk T[jd/

nzdo^pkjo t;h gJh j?. T[j rZbK th ekfte^nzdkI ftZu jh eod/ jB. eftsk Bkb T[BQK dk ns[ZN fgnko j?. T[BQK ftZu fJZe uzrk b/ye j'D d/ Bkb^Bkb fJZe ;|b eth d/ ;ko/ r[DK dk ;[w/b j?. T[BQK d/ :'rdkB bJh GkPk ftGkr, gzikp B/ 1984 ftZu T[BQK ƒ r[op\P f;zx gqhsbVh fJBkw Bkb ;BwkBs ehsk.

fJnkgk (e?B/vk) B/ th 1994 ’u T[BQK ƒ fJBkw d/ e/ fBtkfInk.

u~b w/oh rmVh Pfjo' Pfjo `

gfjbh tko xo'A pkjo B"eoh eoB bJh fi; Bro frnk, T[j gzikp dk fJZe fJfsjk;e e;pk ;h. nes{po wjhB/ dh mzvh s/ wB^b[GkT[Dh jtk s/

gZehnK |;bK dh wfje B/ w/ok ;tkrs ehsk ;h—g[okD/ febQ/ d/ yzvoK ftu'A w?ƒ fgnkoh fijh niBphns dk MkT[bk fgnk—w?A T[;/ fdB s'A T[E'A i'rk j' n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

rZmVh L fJE/ ;oho s'A Gkt j?

wB^b[GkT[Dh L wBw'jD tkbh yzvoK L ofjzd^yz{jd niBphnsL nihp'^rohp MkT[bk L fdf;nk

(17)

frnk, fco fJj rmVh 25

;kbK s'A eJh PfjoK, e;fpnK, fgzvK, gjkVK s/

;w[zdoK d/ uZeo bk nkJh j?—go gZek fNekDk eoBk w/oh nkds BjhA. fJe fgzv ftu w?ƒ nfijk fpoX ftnesh th fwfbnk ;h i' 65 ;kbK s'A T[E/ jh ;h s/

edh pkjo BjhA ;h frnk, w?A

;'funk nfij/ ;okg/ g[oP d/ doPB eoBk th wzd GkrK dh rZb j?.

xo p/Pe fgnkok nkbQDk j?, go pkjobk oNB ns/ BthnK EktK dh :ksok iK e[M fuo bJh w[ekw, T[; s'A th tXhnk j?. edh^edh w??A ;'udk jK fe j:{B ;Kr s/ ckjhnkB dh o{j feT[A ;"A rJh j?—xo'A T[dk;hnK ’s/

s[o g?D tkbk r[o{ BkBe feE/ j? < g?Ash^ukbh ;kb dh gZeh B"eoh eoe/ g?BPB b?D tkb/ pzd/ fJ; eftsk s/ ;zrhs ƒ BjhA ;wM ;ed/ i' G[tB/Pto s/ g[oh d/ wzdoK dh gqkuhBsk ftu'A bZGdk j?. w?ƒ fJBQK wzdoK ftu'A wqdzr dh rz{i

;[DhAdh ;h. ns/ ;w[zdo feBko/ p?m e/ oks ƒ itkjoGkN/ ftu fGiDk fezBk fgnkok nB[Gt j?. w?A s/ w/ok d';s (;toB) oks d/ fszB ti/ se fJ;

itkoGkN/ dhnK wX[o SZbK ftu p?m/ oj/. fJ; fsqgfjo/ ftu ;kƒ T[; dh xpokJh gsBh B/ irkfJnk. T[; ƒ vo ;h fe gzikp'A nkfJnk fJj owsk T[; d/ gsh d/ g?oK ftu uZeo Bk gk d/t/. n"os dh w'j^wwsk s/ wkfJnk ftu T[; dh o{jkBh y[Ph j?, ;kvh nkgDh o{j j?. w/oh wK s/ w/oh gsBh ƒ th fJjh frbk j? fe s[jkv/ Bkb d/ s/ s[jkE'A fgS'A s[o/ pzd/ feZE/ d/ feZE/

gj[zu rJ/ jB, w?A eh yZfNnk < G'bk w'j fJj BjhA ikDdk fe i' w?A bfGnk j?, T[j fJBQK yb's/ gkDhnK ƒ B;hp BjhA j' ;edk, tfjzdk dfonk jh ;kro ƒ g'Ajdk j?, ;o'toK s/ SgVK ftu id'A ihtkD{ e[opbkjN wuk d/Ad/ jB sK T[jBK dk gkDh eZY e/ BtK GoBk g?Adk j?. fJe nzro/Ih fBpzX An apology for idlers ftu w?A gfVQnk ;h fe nkpPko d/ Yfjzd/ gkDhnK ftu'A T[vdh c{jo dh mzve ƒ nkgD/ fujo/ s/ ;oho T[s/ wkDB tkbk ftnesh jh fizdrh ƒ

;wM ;edk j?.

fe;/ fJe ftnesh iK Bro d/ w'j ftu ieV/ ikDk ;kXkoD fposh

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE uZeo L r/V/

fNekDk L v/ok, fojkfJP fpoX L pI[or

;qkg/ L ;okg d/ wko/

j'J/

wzd GkrK L pdfe;wsh nkbQDk L xo,

o?D p;/ok oNB L GqwD w[ekw L mfjoBk j:{B ;Kr,

ckjhnkB L uhBh :ksoh T[dk;hnK L :ksoktK

o{j L nkswk

gqkuhBsk L g[oksBsk wqdzr L ;kI wX[o L ;[ohbhnK,

fwZmhnK o{jkBh L nfXnkswe,

nkswe yZfNnk L ewkfJnk yb's/ gkDhL fJZe EK pZM e/

ofjD tkb/ b'e g'Ajdk L nzdo ikDk, gqt/P eoBk, wfj;{; eoBk

w'j L fgnko

e[op[bkjN L uhe^g[eko, o'Dk^X'Dk c{jo L c[jko, gkDh

dhnK pz{dK fposh L ;[Gkn, ;'u

(18)

j?, fJBQK w'jK ƒ s'V e/ Bro^Bro x[zwD tkb/ ftnesh

;?AeV/ feskpK dk frnkB nkgDh ;kXkoD p'b^ukb ftu ;w'Jh p?m/ jB—okj[b ;zeosk:B B/ th fJBQK x[wZeVK ƒ Bw;eko ehsk ;h—feT[Afe T[j nkg wjK x[wZeV ;h. ;skoK ;kb o{; ftu ofj e/, gsBh s/ pZfunK ƒ T[E/ jh SZv e/ Gkos nk ikD tkb/ T[; p'Xh b/ye ftu'A j:{B ;Kr dh o{j bZGh ik

;edh j?.

nZi^eZbQ fJe pj[s gqkuhB wZX^ekbh Bro ftu B"eoh eo fojk w?A ;'u fojk jK fe j[D d/P d/ pkeh ofjzd/

fjZf;nK dh jtk Io{oh wkDBh j?, fco pd/PK dh \ke th SkDBh j?. xo Io{o nktkIK wkodk j?, go fJj rmVh r'o ftu ikD s'A gfjbK nkekP S{j b?D bJh T[sktbh j?.

w?ƒ fJzM ikgdk j? fe T{mK d/ rb gJhnK NZbhnK dh nktkI nk ojh j? s/ efj ojh j?, “nk uZbhJ/, g[zƒ dk Bro g[eko fojk j?.”

fN~gDh

fJ; b/y ftu b/ye B/ frnkB jk;b eoB bJh xz[wD^fcoB dh b'V T[go I'o fdZsk j?. b/ye nkg th fJe EK pZM e/ BjhA ofjDk ukjz[dk. T[j fBozso

;|o ftu ofjD ƒ jh soihj fdzdk j?. fJ; d/ T[bN T[j fJe' EK pZM e/

ofjD tkb/ wBZ[y ƒ e';dk th j?. T[j fJfsjk;e P\;hnsK d/ jtkb/ Bkb

;|o dh nfjwhns ƒ ;wMkT[D bJh isBPhb j?. r[o{ BkBe dhnK T[dk;hnK s/ okj[b PzeoskfJB d/ ;|o dh nkds ƒ T[j nkgDk gq/oBk ;o's pDkT[Adk j?. fJ; dk wsbp fJj th BjhA fe T[j xo ƒ fsnkr fdzdk j?. xo th T[; ƒ fgnkok brdk j?. go T[j d/P^d[BhnK dh :ksok eoB dh nkgDh fJZSk th g{oh eoBh ukjz[dk j?.

nfGnk;

1H d~;' yK Gbk L

(i) b/ye feZE/ B"eoh eoB bJh frnk ns/ T[~E/ T[; ƒ eh nfj;k;

j'fJnk <

(ii) b/ye B/ nkgD/ ihtB ftZu fejVh^fejVh EK dh :ksok ehsh <

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE x[wZeV L x[zwD fcoB

tkb/

pd/PK L ftd/PK

\ke L fJZE/ x[zwD^

fcoB s'A Gkt j?

r'o L epo, wVQh T[sktbh L T[s;[e

(19)

(iii) b/ye d/ xo ofjD tkb/ ns/ pkjo fcoB tkb/ ftnesh d/ eh ftuko jB <

(iv) gkm ftZu fpoX ftnesh dh fejVh rZb ehsh rJh j? <

(v) b/ye d/ G[tB/Pto s/ g[oh dh c/oh ;w/A d/ nB[Gt ƒ nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'<

(vi) b/ye dh wK s/ gsBh d/ b/ye pko/ eh ftuko jB <

(vii) gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ b/ye dhnK c/ohnK pko/ ikDekoh nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fdT[.

(viii)okj[b PzeoskfJB e"D ;B s/ T[j o{; ftu fezBK ƒ SZv e/ feE/ ub/

rJ/ ;B <

nkU e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/

(i) x[zwD^fcoB bJh s[jkƒ fejVhnK EktK uzrhnK brdhnK jB s/ feT[A <

(ii) i/eo s[;hA b/ye dh EK j[zd/ sK fe; soQK dk fttjko eod/ <

(iii) fe;/ ‘nkpPko’ e'b p?m e/ T[; d/ BIko/ dh ebgBk ƒ nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.

(iv) r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dhnK T[dk;hnK pko/ s[;hA eh ikDd/ j' < T[BQK dhnK :ksoktK dk fJZe ukoN fsnko eoe/ t/otk th fdT[.

(v) ‘wqdzr’ fJZe ;kI j?. i/eo s[;hA j'o fe;/ ;kI pko/ ikDd/ j' sK T[; dk fuZso pDk e/ T[; dh ftP/Psk ;wMkT[.

nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L (i) b/ye gfjbh tkoh fe;/ Bt/A Bro ftZu frnk.

(ii) rZmVh ƒ gZe/ fNekD/ dh nkds BjhA j?.

(iii) okj[b ;zeosk:B fJZe i?Bh b/ye ;h.

(iv) b/ye nkg x[zwD^fcoB d/ jZe ftZu j?.

(v) b/ye B/ fpoX ftnesh ƒ fwbD dh fJZSk gqrN ehsh ;h.

(20)

JH ykbh EktK Go' L

(i) T[j gzikp dk fJe HHH e;pk ;h.

(ii) xo fJZe fgnkok HHH j?.

(iii) HHH jh ;kro ƒ gkT[Adk j?.

(iv) w?ƒ fJBQK wzdoK ftZu'A HHH dh rz{i

;[DhAdh ;h.

(v) fe;/ fJZe ftnesh iK Bro d/ w'j ftZu ieV/ ikDk HHH fposh j?.

;H i'V/ pDkT[ L

(i) ;wfgnk g[oP T[dk;hnK

(ii) r[o{ BkBe :ksoh

(iii) okj[b PzeoskfJB fpoX ftnesh

(iv) fjT{B;Kr x[wZeV

jH fd~s/ rJ/ PpdK d/ ;wkBkoEe Ppd fby'' L (i) fpoX HHH

(ii) fNekDk HHH (iii) mzve HHH (iv) nkekP HHH

eH fto'Xh Ppd fby' L (i) x[zwDk HHH (ii) BthnK HHH (iii) fGZiDk HHH (iv) fJfsjk;e HHH yH tke pDkT[ L

(i) yzvo HHH HHH HHH HHH (ii) frnkB HHH HHH HHH HHH (iii) T[dk;hnK HHH HHH HHH HHH (iv) fJfsjk;e HHH HHH HHH HHH

dfonk ;kXkoB fJfsjk;e wqdzr nkbQDk

(21)

gzikph GkPk, nB[tkd ns/ whvhnk

vkH fgqEth oki Ekgo

P\;hns s/ ouBk

vkH fgqEth oki Ekgo dk iBw 27 wJh, 1964 ƒ gzikp d/ |ohde'N fIbQ/ ftZu fgzv e'N ;[yhnk fty/

wksk ;qhwsh ;Zfsnk d/th dh e[Zy'A fgsk wk;No ;'jD bkb d/ xo j'fJnk. T[j okiXkBh fdZbh d/ fdnkb f;zx JhtfBzr ekbi ftZu gzikph d/ nf;;N?AN g'q|?;o jB. o/vhU s/ NhHthH ;w/s whvhnk d/ y/so ftu th ;orow jB. T[BQK dhnK g[;seK ftZu ‘okw

;o{g nDyh dk Bktb ;z;ko’, ‘;kfjs^fuzsB’, ‘thBk towk dk rbgh irs’,

‘gzikph tkose^g[Bo ftuko’, ‘gzikph whvhnk’ ns/ ‘;zuko, seBhe s/

wbNhwhvhnk’ nkfd Pkfwb jB. whvhnk pko/ T[go'es feskpK tZy^tZy iwksK d/ f;b/p; ftZu gVQkJhnK ik ojhnK jB. nkg gzikph GkPk d/

gquko^gq;ko dhnK rsh^ftXhnk Bkb fBozso i[V/ ofjzd/ jB. nkg ƒ gzikph nekdwh, fdZbh tZb'A gzikph GkPk ;/tk ;BwkB Bkb ;BwkfBs eoB d/

Bkb^Bkb j'o th nB/eK ;z;EktK tZb'A wkD^;BwkB jk;b j' u[Ze/ jB.

gzikph GkPk, nB[tkd ns/ whvhnk

GkPk L

jo y/so dh nkgDh GkfPe Ppdktbh j[zdh j?. Xow, ;wki, okiBhsh, noE Pk;so, ;kfjs nkfd tKr whvhnk dh th nkgDh seBheh Ppdktbh j?. whvhnk dk gq;s[sheoB iK nB[tkd GkPk dh ikDekoh fpBk j'Dk n;zGt j?. Gkos ftu fjzdh ns/ nzrq/Ih GkPk d/ whvhnk dk p'b^pkbk j?. 20thA

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE GkfPe L GkPk dh

(22)

;dh d/ nk\oh djke/ ’u y/soh GkPktK d/ u?BbK dk d"o P[o{ j'fJnk. fJ;

nwb ftu fBZih (Private) u?BbK B/ \k; G{fwek fBGkJh. fJBQK y/soh GkPktK

’u gzikph d/ u?Bb fit/A Ih gzikph, fbPekok NhHthH (i' j[D pzd j' u[Zfenk j?) JhHNhH;hH gzikph, ghHNhH;hH gzikph, ghHNhH;hH fBT{I, gzikp N{v/ (i' j[D pzd j' u[Zfenk j?), n?~wHn?~uHtB s/ uVQdh ebk tor/ u?Bb j'Ad ftu nkJ/. d{odoPB ns/ nekPtkDh gfjbK jh gzikph gq'rokw s/ \poK g/P eod/

nk oj/ jB. fgqzN whvhnk ’u gzikph fNqfpT{B, nihs, iZrpkDh, ;g'e;w?B, d/P ;/te, gzikp ikroB, d/P gqd/P, BtK IwkBk torhnK n\pkoK gzikph GkPk s/ gzikphns dh ;/tk bJh isBPhb jB. gzikph o;kb/ th ekch wksok

’u Sg oj/ jB.

whvhnk bJh GkPk nfjw w;bk j?. ni'e/ w[ekpb/pkIh d/ d"o ftu fJ;

dh rzGhosk j'o tZX rJh j?. n"yh, r[zMbdko s/ bzw/^bzw/ tkeK dh GkfPe tos'A dk IwkBk bZd frnk j?. GkPk ƒ ;theko eoB iK oZd eoB dh Pesh gkme, ;q'sk iK doPe d/ jZE ftu j?. T[j j[D p'Mb iK nekT{ GkPk

;fjD eoB dk nkdh BjhA fojk. ftfrnkB dhnK BthnK ekYK B/ T[; ƒ pdbt/A ;kXB w[jZJhnk eok fdZs/ jB. i' gkme, ;q'sK iK doPe ed/ fJe d' n\pkoK, f;o| nekPtkDh iK d{odoPB ƒ gVQB, ;[DB iK t/yD dk nkdh

;h, T[; d/ ;kjwD/ ftPkb whvhnk w"i{d j?. fJ; bJh GkPk d/ BIohJ/ s'A j'o ;zihdk j'D dh b'V j?. n\pkoK dh GkPk jo gkme dh gj[zu ftu j'Dh ukjhdh j?. gzikph fJe nwho GkPk j?. fJ; ƒ ;ob iK w[jkto/dko sohe/

Bkb tos e/ j'o m[edko pDkfJnk ik ;edk j?. whvhnk ’u fe;/ GkPD iK gZsoeko ;zw/bB (Press Conference) ƒ ;zy/g ikDekoh fdzfdnK eJh tko noEK dk nBoE j' iKdk j?. nfijk eod/ ;w/A GkfPe Ppdktbh dk :'r fJ;s/wkb jh ;jkJh j[zdk j?. gkme, ;o's/ iK doPe, nBgVQ iK gVQ/

fby/ d't/A fe;w d/ j' ;ed/ jB. fJ; bJh ;wki d/ jo ftnesh dh wkBf;esk ƒ fXnkB ’u oZy e/ jh b/yD^ekoi f;o/ ukVQBk ukjhdk j?. tke S'N/, ;ob s/ ;gPN j'D sK gVQB$;[DB tkb/ ƒ S/sh ;wM nk iKd/ jB.

whvhnk d/ ftfdnkoEh ƒ fJj rZb fXnkB ’u oZyDh ukjhdh j? fe whvhnk dh nkgDh ftbZyD p'b^pkDh j?. fJ; dh Ppdktbh ’u n;hA fe;/

j'o Ppdktbh ƒ obrv BjhA eo ;ed/. n;hA wBwoIh dh Ppdktbh gkmeK,

;o'fsnK iK doPeK T[~go BjhA E'g ;ed/. fJ; d/ Bkb^Bkb ;fGne GkPk th b'eK ƒ tX/o/ gqGkfts s/ nkeoPs eodh j?. ;gPN PpdK dk gq:'r eoB n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

nfjw L wjZstg{oB bZd L bzx frnk p'Mb iK

nekT{ L nek d/D tkbh

;zihdk L rzGho m[edko L gqGktPkbh obrv L o b h ^ f w b h ,

fwbktN

(23)

;w/A gzikph GkPk d/ ftnkeoDe B/wK ’s/ r"o eoBk Io{oh j?. fw;kb d/ s"o

’s/ ;wk;h PpdK ’u (^) i'VBh (Hyphen) dh tos'A :'r sohe/ Bkb j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fit/A ^ d/P fBekbk, oks fdB, j[;B J/ wfbek }bs jB. fJjBK ƒ i'VBh brk e/ d/P^fBekbk, oks^fdB, j[;B^J/^wbek fbyDk P[X j't/rk.

PpdK d/ gq:'r ;w/A fgqzN whvhnk iK fpibJh whvhnk d/ tZy'^tZyo/ ndkfonK dh gozgok ƒ ngDkT[Dk Io{oh j[zdk j?. fJe' noE tkb/ PpdK ƒ tZy'^

tZyo/ ndko/ tZy^tZy PpdK ’u g/P eod/ jB. fit/A ‘nihs n\pko’

‘fgSb/ n?stko’ ƒ ‘phs/ n?stko’ fbydk j? ns/ gzikph fNqfpT{B T[; ƒ ‘bzx/

n?stko’ fbydk j?. fJjBK PpdK dk gq:'r T[go'es n\pkoK ’u fJ;/ o{g ftZu jh j't/rk.

nB[tkd L

nB[tkd B/ g{oh d[Bhnk ƒ fJe ftPth fgzv ftu spdhb eo fdZsk j?.

nB[tkd ;dek jh n;hA d{i/

;fGnkukoK Bkb ;ztkd ouk ;ed/ jK. fJj nB[tkd jh j? fi; okjhA d{ihnK GkPktK d/ frnkB ^ftfrnkB ns/ tos'A ^ftjko ƒ ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?. g{o/ Gkos dh gkobhw?AN fJe j?. fJ; ftu jo ;{p/ s'A tZy'^tZyohnK GkPktK d/ gkobhw?AN w?Apo

fjZ;k b?Ad/ jB. fjzdh nzrq/Ih Bk p'bD tkb/ Bkb nB[tkd okjhA okpsk ekfJw ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; soQK nB[tkd okPNoh J/esk bJh th fJe ;kXB ti'A ezw eodk j?. n\pkoK, o/vhU, d{odoPB nkfd ;G \poK dk nB[tkd eod/ jB.

j[D gzikp ftu e/Ado s'A jo fjzdh^nzrq/Ih tkbh uhI ƒ gzikph okjhA nB[tkd eoe/ b'eK sZe gj[zukfJnk iKdk j?. gzikph ;kfjs ftu nB[tkd wjZstg{oB EK rqfjD eo u[Zfenk j?. d{ihnK I[pkBK dk ;kfjs gzikph ftu nB[tkd j' fojk j?. J/;/ soQK gzikph ;kfjs d/ d{ihnK I[pkBK ’u nB[tkd j'D Bkb gzikph GkPk ns/ ;kfjs ƒ nwho pDkfJnk ik fojk j?. nB[tkd j[D f;o| fJe ebk BjhA pbfe g/P/ dk o{g XkoB eo u[Zfenk j?. whvhnk dk ;kok dko'^wdko jh nB[tkd T[~go fNfenk j'fJnk j?. gZsoekoh ftu fJ; dk

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

;{p/ L oki, gqKs, gqd/;

okpsk L ;zgoe g/P/ L o[Irko dko'^wdko L ezweki,

eko^ftjko T[bEkfJnk L nB[tkd

(24)

ftP/P wjZst j?. :{Bhtof;NhnK ftu fJ; dh pkekfJdk f;Zfynk fdZsh iKdh j?. J/;/ eoe/ nB[tkd j[D o[Irko dk o{g th XkoB eo frnk j?.

nB[tkd dk noE ns/ gfoGkPk L

nB[tkd Ppd td Xks{ Bkb nB[ nr/so bk e/ pfDnk j?. fJ; dk noE w[V s'A efjD iK fe;/ d/ efjD s'A wro'A efjD s'A fbnk iKdk j?. nB[tkd fbys iK p'b^pkDh d'tK dk ehsk iKdk j?. fJe GkPk d/ gkm (Text) ƒ id'A d{ih GkPk ftu T[bEkfJnk iKdk j?, T[; ƒ nB[tkd fejk iKdk j?. nB[tkd dk ezw gkm dk noE gfotosD Bk eoe/ T[; dk GkPkJh o{g pdbDk j[zdk j?. fw;kb d/ s"o ’s/ id'A n;hA nzro/Ih d/ fe;/ gkm dk gzikph GkPk ’u nB[tkd eod/ jK sK fJ; d"okB o'wB fbZgh ƒ r[ow[yh fbZgh ftu T[bEkfJnk ikt/rk. Gkt w{b ouBk d/ ftP/ iK noEK Bkb e'Jh S/V^SkV BjhA ehsh ikt/rh. fit/A j/m fbyh nzrq/Ih dh \po ƒ gzikph ’u nB[tkd eoB dh T[dkjoD t/y ;ed/ jK L

"The Uniteed States and Russia signed a landmark disarmament treaty." (nzro/Ih o{g) nwohek ns/ o{; B/ jfEnkoK dh eN"sh dh fJfsjk;e ;zXh T[~go d;s\s ehs/. (gzikph o{g) T[go'es \po dk noE d{ih GkPk ftu th poeoko fojk j?. nB[tkd Bkb e/tb GkPk dk o{g pdfbnk j?.

ftdtkB ‘tksf;nk:kB wkfPnk’ nB[;ko,

“fe;/ fJe GkPk dh gkm ;kwZroh ƒ fe;/ d{ih GkPk ’u T[;/

o{g ’u o{gKsos eoB ƒ nB[tkd fejk iKdk j?.”

gb?N' B/ nB[tkd d/ nwb ƒ ‘Beb dh d[pkok Beb’ dk BK fdZsk j?.

T[; nB[;ko fJj fe;/ j'o soQK d/ dod dk nB[Gt j?. nB[tkd dk we;d d{ih GkPk d/ ftukoK ƒ nkgDh GkPk d/ nkuko^ftjko nB[;ko Ykb e/ g/P eoBk j[zdk j?. ;kfjs ftu nB[tkd okjhA GkPktK dk nfXn?B s[bBkswe nfXn?B dk o{g XkoB eo b?Adk j?. id'A fJe GkPk ƒ d{ih GkPk ftu pdfbnk iKdk j? sK fJj GkPk ftfrnkB dh Pq/Dh ’u nk iKdk j?. ni'e/ ftPtheoB d/ :[r ’u nB[tkd dk wjZst j'o tX frnk j?.

nB[tkd dhnK ;w~f;nktK L

nB[tkd eoB dh ;wZf;nk fJe rzGho u[D"sh j?. brGr ;kohnK \poh J/iz;hnK nzrq/Ih iK fjzdh GkPk ’u \poK dk nkdkB^gqdkB eodhnK jB. fJ;

(25)

bJh J/iz;hnK s'A fwbh \po ƒ nzrq/Ih iK fjzdh GkPk s'A gzikph ftu nB[tkd eoBk j[zdk j?. fJ; tk;s/ ;G s'A gfjbh Pos sK fJj j? fe \po dk w{b o{g fiT[A dk fsT[A ofjDk ukjhdk j?. fJj th BjhA j' ;edk fe wZyh ’s/ wZyh wkoh ikt/. tke dk Gkt eZY e/ T[; dh o{j nB[;ko jh nB[tkd eoBk ukjhdk j?. GkPk dk nX{ok frnkB j'D ekoB nzro/Ih^fjzdh d/ pj[s/ Ppd fiT[A d/

fsT[A tos b?D Bkb gzikph GkPk dk w[jKdok ftrVdk j?. fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe ;kv/ wB w;se T[~go nzro/Ih s/ fjzdh GkPktK dk gqGkt tX u[Zfenk j?. eJh tko n;hA fJBQK GkPktK ftu jh ;'uD brd/ jK. Ikfjo j? fe fi;

GkPk ftu ;'uKr/ T[;/ ftu jh fbyKr/. fJ; d/ Bkb^Bkb y/soh GkPktK d/

nkg;h nkdkB^gqdkB ;w/A th fJ;/ soQK dhnK ;wZf;nktK dk ;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j?.

BK dk nB[tkd eoB dh ;w~f;nk L

nzro/Ih fjzdh iK fe;/ j'o GkPk s'A gzikph ’u nB[tkd eoB

;w/A BK ƒ fbyD dh pj[s tZvh ;wZf;nk j?. fJj nkw t/yD ftu nkT[Adk j? fe whvhnk ’u BK nkgD/ P[X o{g ftu

nB[tkd BjhA j' ;ed/. fJ; soQK T[jBK ƒ }bs sohe/ Bkb g/P eoB Bkb b'eK ftu T[j }bs o{g ’u jh gqubs j' iKd/

jB. n\pkoK d/ Bkb^Bkb fpibJh whvhnk ’u fJj ;wZf;nk j'o th rzGho j?. o/vhU ns/ NhHthH ’s/ \poK p'bd/

n?Aeo ne;o }bs BK dk T[ukoB eod/

jB. \k; eoe/ uhBh, ikgkBh iK ncoheB nkfd b'eK d/ BK nzro/Ih okjhA id'A gzikph ’u nB[tkd j' e/ gj[zud/ jB sK T[jBK dk o{g ftrV u[Zfenk j[zdk j?. fw;kb d/ s"o ’s/ uhB d/ okPNogsh dk BK nzro/Ih GkPk ’u Wen Jia Bao fbfynk iKdk j?. gzikph ftu i/eo fJ; ƒ J/;/ soQK fbyDk j't/ sK ‘t?B ihnk pkT[’ pDdk j?. go fJ; dk P[X T[ukoD ‘t?B uhnk gkU’ j?. d/PK iK EktK d/ nB[tkd ;w/A th fJ; soQK dh ;wZf;nk dk ;kjwDk eoBk g? ;edk j?. fit/A ;hohnk dh okiXkBh o'wB ’u Damascus fbyh iKdh j? go fJ;

dk ;jh T[ukoB dfwPe j?. fJ; bJh gzikph ftu fJ; dk nB[tkd dfwPe ehsk iKdk j?. Reuter ƒ gzikph ftu okJhNo fbfynk s/ p'fbnk iKdk j?.

fJj fJ; dk P[ZX o{g j?.

(26)

BK dk ;zy/g o{g L

nB[tkd eod/ ;w/A BK dk ;zy/g o{g eJh tko jk;'^jhDk brdk j?. \po fbyD ;w/A pko^pko bzwk BK fbyD s'A puD bJh T[; dk ;zy/g o{g tos fbnk iKdk j?. fw;kb ti'A ndkeko Grtzs wkB dk \po d/ P[o{ ’u g{ok BK fby e/ wro'A fJeZb/ ;qh wkB Bkb tke fby/ ik ;ed/ jB. J/;/ soQK fe;/ Bkb iks fbyD tkb/ dk ;zy/g BK iksh nXkfos th j' ;edk j?. fit/A ;qhwsh ebgBk uktbk dk ;zy/g o{g ;qhwsh uktbk pDdk j?. go fXnkB oj/ fe BK dk ;zy/g o{g eoB ;w/A fJeZb/ BK d/ N[ZeV/ BjhA ehs/ ik ;ed/. r[ioks, fpjko, dZyDh Gkos d/ BK dk ;zy/g o{g pDkT[D bZfrnK B/w dk \k; fXnkB oZyDk j[zdk j?.

;[Mkn L

GkPk d/ nB[tkd dk whvhnk ftu \k; :'rdkB j?. whvhnk okjhA GkPk p'b e/ iK fby e/ g/P ehsh iKdh j?. fJ; bJh nB[tkde dh fIzw/tkoh pDdh j? fe T[; d/ nB[tkd ftu fszB ;Zf;nK Gkt ;ziw, ;obsk s/ ;zuko dk fwPoD Io{o j't/.

nfGnk; L

Language ^ GkPk, Literature ^ ;kfjs, Play ^ BkNe, Brief ^

;zy/g, Translation ^ nB[tkd, Example ^ T[dkjoB, News ^ \po, Newspaper ^ n\pko, Magazine ^ o;kbk, Pronounce ^ T[ukoBk, Speak ^ p'bDk, Publish ^ SkgDk, Audiance ^ doPe, Source ^ ;kXB, Journalist ^ gZsoeko, Problem ^ ;wZf;nk, Headline ^ w[Zy \po, Broadcast ^ gq;koB, Live ^ f;ZXk, Bkb'^Bkb Handbill ^ gouk, All India Radio ^ nkekPtkDh, Audio Video ^ Pqt s/ fdqP, Enternaiment ^ wB'oziB, Edit ^ ;zgkdB, Medium ^ wkfXnw

fN~gDh

T[go'es gkm ftZu gzikph GkPk, nB[tkd s/ whvhnk pko/ w[ZYbh ikDekoh fdZsh rJh j?. gzikph GkPk d/ gquko^gq;ko ftZu whvhnk d/ :'rdkB ƒ uouk dk ftPk pDkfJnk frnk j?. nB[tkd dh gfoGkPk s/ ftXh ƒ ;wMkT[D dh e'fPP ehsh rJh j?. nB[tkd eoB ftZu nkT[D tkbhnK ;wZf;nktK ƒ jZb eoB d/ sohe/ th do;kJ/ rJ/ jB. nB[tkd bJh b'VhAdh Ppdktbh d/

nfGnk; bJh nzro/Ih s'A gzikph nB[tkd tkbh Ppdktbh fdZsh rJh j?.

(27)

nfGnk;

1H d~;' yK Gbk L

(i) gzikph dhnK d' gqf;ZX n\pkoK d/ BK dZ;'.

(ii) ;wk;h^Ppd eh j[zd/ jB < T[dkjoBK ;fjs ;wMkT[.

(iii) nB[tkd dh gfoGkPk fdT[.

(iv) nB[tkd dhnK ;wZf;nktK T[~go o"PBh gkT[.

(v) BK dk nB[tkd eoB dh ftXh dZ;'.

(vi) j/mK fdZs/ j'J/ nzro/Ih PpdK dk gzikph ftZu nB[tkd eo' L Language, Newspaper, Magazine, Translation, Speak

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/ L

(i) gzikph dh e'Jh n\pko gVQ e/ ;e{b dh n;?Apbh ftZu p'bD bJh w[Zy \poK fsnko eo'.

(ii) nzro/Ih, gzikph s/ fjzdh GkPk d/ NhHthH iK o/vhT[ T[~go \poK d/

p[b/fNB d/y^;[D e/ T[BQK ftZu tos/ rJ/ wjZstg[{oB PpdK dk d{i/

ftfdnkoEhnK Bkb fwb e/ nB[tkd eoB dk nfGnk; eo'.

(iii) eh s[jkƒ gzikph GkPk dh w[ZYbh ikDekoh jk;b j?. fJ; dh ftnkeoB dk fJZe ukoN fsnko eo'.

(iv) d' d';sK ftueko nzro/Ih ftZu j'Jh rZbpks ƒ gzikph ftZu fby'.

(v) ;e{b ftZu j'J/ ;kbkBk ;wko'j dh fog'oN ƒ gzikph s/ nzro/Ih ftZu fby'.

nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L (i) nB[tkd eoB dh ;wZf;nk e'Jh rzGho w;bk BjhA j?.

(ii) nB[tkd dk ezw gkm dk noE gfotosB j[zdk j?.

(iii) nzro/Ih s/ fjzdh GkPktK dk gqGkt tX u[Zfenk j?.

(iv) ‘BK’ fJe tkoh g{ok fbyD wro'A ;zy/g ftZu fbfynk ik

;edk j?.

(v) nB[tkd ;w/A n:'r Ppdktbh dh tos'A eoBh ukjhdh j?.

(28)

JH ykbh EktK Go' L

(i) fJe GkPk s'A d{ih GkPk ftu T[bEkT[D ƒ HHH nkyd/ jB.

(ii) nB[tkd B/ HHH dk o{g Xko fbnk j?.

(iii) nB[tkd dh ;wZf;nk fJe HHH u[D"sh j?.

(iv) \poK p'bD tkb/ HHH ne;o rbsh eo iKd/ jB.

(v) BK d/ nB[tkd ;w/A T[; dk HHH o{g th tos fbnk iKdk j?.

;H i'V/ pDkT[ L

(i) wZ[y \po Translation (ii) o;kbk Handbill (iii) nB[tkd Head Line

(iv) gouk Magazine

jH ‘n\pko’ fgqzN whvhnk dk fj~;k j?. fgqzN whvhnk ftu j'o eh^eh nkT[Adk j?<

HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH

eH fit/A ‘NhHthH ƒ t/fynk iKdk jK’ p'fbnk iKdk j?. j/m fbfynK ƒ eh p'bKr/ <

(i) o/vhU HHH (ii) n\pko HHH

yH nzro/Ih ftu nB[tkd eo' L

(i) nwoheh okPNogsh B/ Gkos dh jwkfJs ehsh j?.

HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH

(ii) ;fuB s/Ad[beo Gkosh feqeN dk f;oski j?.

HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH (iii) gzikp gzi dfonktK dh Xosh j?.

HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH

(iv) jo/e ftnesh ƒ nkgDh wK^p'bh ftu rZb eoBh ukjhdh j?.

HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH

(v) ftfdnkoEhnK B/ ob e/ y/v y/vh.

HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH

rzGho n?Aeo

o[Irko

nB[tkd ;zy/g

(29)

r~g pkI

fgnkok f;zx dksk

P\;hns s/ ouBk

fgnkok f;zx dksk dk iBw 15 i[bkJh, 1910 ƒ fgzv dkskGZN, fIbQk oktbfgzvh (j[D gkfe;skB ftu) fty/

fgsk okw f;zx d/ xo wksk nksw e"o dh e[Zy'A j'fJnk. T[BQK ƒ jk;^ftnzr dk pkdPkj fejk iKdk j?. fiZE/ T[BQK dk ftnzr e[s^e[skohnK eZYdk j?, fYZvhA ghvK gkT[Adk j?, T[~E/ r[ops, trko, wIp{oh ns/ ;wki dh ;Zuh s;tho fyZu e/ ;'uD bJh wIp{o

th eodk j?. T[BQK dhnK ouBktK jB—jk;^ftnzr, ihtBhnK, fJfsjk;,

;|oBkwk ;kfjs, nB[tkd ns/ pkb ;kfjs nkfd. T[BQK B/ ‘;cbsk’ ns/ ‘BtK

;kfjs’ o;kfbnK d/ ;zgkde dh G{fwek th fBGkJh. fJ; s'A fJbktk T[BQK B/

nB/eK g[;sek dh ;zgkdBk th ehsh j?.

r~g pkI

pN/o pkI, w[or pkI, ep{so pkI s/ gszr pkI tKr, rZg pkI th ;kv/

;wki ftu nkgDh ftP/P EK oydk j?.

rZg pkI jo xVh ;kv/ nZr/ fgZS/ wzvbKdk ofjzdk j?. T[j jo rbh wjZb/, fgzv^fgzv, Pfjo, w;id wzdo s/ ;Gk ;';kfJNhnK ftu w"i{d ofjzdk j?. nZi thjthA ;dh ftu sK e'Jh pPo th fJj efjD dh db/oh BjhA eo

;edk fe rZg pkI d/ T[; ƒ edh doPB BjhA j'J/.

rZg pkI brGr nkg p/eko ofjzdk j?, go rZbK T[j seV/ eko'pkohnK s/ ;/mK tkbhnK eodk j?. nkg T[; edh fpZbh th BjhA wkoh j[zdh, go T[j

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE wzvbKdk Lx[zwdk pPo Lnkdwh, pzdk db/oh Lpjkdoh

(30)

nkgD/ nkg ƒ P/oK dk fPekoh do;Kdk j?. IwhB n;wkB d/ ebkt/ fwbkD ftu T[j P/yfuZbh dk pkg j?. rZb^rZb ftu T[j pVhnK tZvhnK j;shnK d/

jtkb/ d/t/rk. nkgD/ fgzv'A, Pfjo'A iK d/P s'A edh T[j pkjo fBefbnk BjhA j[zdk, go rZbK pksK ftu T[j fIeo iowBh, o{; s/ nwohek dk eo/rk. fwfbnk edh T[j nkgD/ d/P d/ S'N/^w'N/ bhvo ƒ th BjhA j[zdk, go Ikfjo eo/rk, fe “cbkD/ ;w/A w?E'A gqXkB wzsoh B/ wPtok wzfrnk ;h.

;NkfbB ƒ fwbD ;w/A w?A T[; ƒ :'rsk Bkb je{ws ubkT[D dhnK eJh sithIK dZ;hnK jB. okPNogsh Bkb ukj ghD ;w/A w?A T[BQK ƒ T[gfBPdK pko/ nkgDh tke|h dZ;h, sK T[j M{w T[~m/.”

b/ye ƒ gfjbh tko rZg pkI d/ doPB fJe fgzv dh wfj|b ftu j'J/

;B. fgzvK ftu nkw eoe/ ykD ghD s'A ftjfbnK j' e/ b'eh p'jVK dh Skt/A nk p?md/ jB. T[~E/ jh T[j skP, u"gN, Psozi nkfd y/vd/ iK fgzv, Pfjo, ;{p/ no w[be pko/ fJe d{i/ s'A tke|h gqkgs eod/ jB. rZg pkI fJBQK wfj|bK ftu pVh PkB Bkb fpokiwkB j[zdk j?. ftuko/ nBgVQ g/Av{

fe;kB T[; dhnK rZbK pV/ fXnkB Bkb ;[Dd/ jB.

T[; wfj|b ftu T[j efj fojk ;h, “fgSb/ ;kb w?A fPwb/ d/ xD/ izrbK ftu fJe gjkVh dh u'Nh ’s/ p?mk ;K, fe fJe gkf;T[A w?ƒ fe;/ izrbh ikBto d/ r[okD dh nktkI nkJh. w?A nkgDh bkmh ;zGkb e/ u/szB j' yV' frnk.

d{o BhM bk e/ t/fynk, sK fJe izrbh P/o s/ P/oBh dk i'Vk BIo nkfJnk.

T[j nkg' ftu g?bK gkT[Ad/ BZud/^NZgd/ w/o/ tZb ub/ nk oj/ ;B. ;oho T[BQK d/ fJzB/A wIp{s s/ eZd d/ fJzB/A T[~u/ fe d{o'A T[j jkEh BIo nkT[Ad/ ;B. T[j w/o/ B/V/ nk e/ yV' rJ/ go w?A fpbe[b Bk vfonk. w?ƒ t/yfdnK ;ko T[BQK w/o/ ’s/ fJe fwbtK jZbk p'fbnk. w?A fJe tZv/ ;ko/ doZ\s d/ fgZS/ g[IhPB

;zGkb bJh. d' rI bzph vKr w/o/ jZE ftu ;h, fiT[A jh ;{s e/ wkoh fe gfjb/ tko Bkb jh P/o d{o ik fgnk. nkgD/ gqhsw dh fJj rs t/y P/oBh r[Z;k yk e/ nZr/ tXh, go T[; ƒ th w?A fJe' tko Bkb EK oZfynk. p; xVhnK gbK ftu d' bkPK fJe d{i/ ’s/ fvrhnK w/o/ ;kjwD/ sVg ojhnK ;B.”

w?A t/fynk, fe id'A rZg pkI, g/Av{nK dh wfj|b ftu nkgDh pjkdoh dhnK vhrK wko fojk ;h, sK ;[DB tkb/ nP^nP eo oj/ ;B. T[;

;w/A rZgh wjkoki dhnK nZyK uwe ojhnK ;B. T[; B/ nkgDh eEk ikoh oyh L

“P/o s/ P/oBh d'jK ƒ T[~E/ jh SZv w?A nZr/ s[o fgnk. okj ftu w?A fJe n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

P/yfuZbh LrZgK wkoB tkbk

wPtok L;bkj

p'jVK Ldo\s

u/szB L;[u/s j'Dk EK oZfynk LY/o eo fdZsk

(31)

nihp fijk izrbh ikBto t/fynk.

pJh eh dZ;K fe T[j fezBk T[~uk ;h.

T[; dk f;o n;wkB ƒ Sz{jdk ;h s/

g?o T[; d/ Xosh ’s/ ;B.”

w?A rZgh d/ fgZS/ p?mk ;K s/ T[;

dk uzrh soQK tke| ;K. T[; dh fgZm

’s/ w?A nkgDk jZE c/fonk, fi; dk Gkt ;h fe fJzBh tZvh rZg jZeDh mhe

BjhA. T[j w/ok fJPkok ;wM frnk s/ nkgD/ fpnkB ƒ do[Z;s eofdnK j'fJnK p'fbnk, “jK ;Zuh, T[; d/ g?o sK Xosh ’s/ ;B, go f;o T[; dk nZX n;wkB

’s/ ik gj[zudk ;h.”

w?A fco fJPkok ehsk, sK T[j p'fbnk, “jK pJh g?o sK T[; d/ Xosh Bkb bZrd/ ;B, go f;o T[; dk u"EkJh n;wkB she gj[zudk ;h.” w?A fco T[; dk g?o dpkfJnk, sK T[j w/o/ tZb wz{j eoe/ efjD bZrk, “owfsnk ` j[D dZ; fJ;

s'A th xZN w?A eh T[; dk e~d fpnkB eoK, sz{ sK w?ƒ yk jh bEk J/A.”

w?A T[; nZr/ f;o fBtk e/ T[~E'A s[o nkfJnk, sK gsk bZrk fe w/o/ fgZS'A p'jV w[Y p?m/ fJe nkdwh ƒ fJe ;Zg dk pZuk BIo nkfJnk. T[; B/ P'o wukfJnk sK ;ko/ eZm/ j' e/ rJ/ s/ xVhnK gbK ftu T[BQK B/ ;Zg ƒ wko e/ fpZb/ bk fdZsk.

fgZS'A b'eK t/fynk fe P/oK d/ fPekoh rZg pkI dk ;Zg dk BK ;[D e/ jh bj{ ;[Ze frnk ;h s/ T[j T[;/ t/b/ uzgs j' frnk ;h.

fJj P/qDh d{o^d{o sZe c?bh j'Jh j?. fejk iKdk j?, fe fJBQK dk tv/ok G"Ad{ wZb ;h. G"Ad{ pVk Gkoh rZgh ;h. T[; d/ d' g[Zso ;B—fBjkbk s/ r[gkbk. fJj d't/A fgT[ d/ th ezB e[sod/ ;B.

fJe tkoh Goh wfj|b ftu fJj d't/A rZgK jZe oj/ ;B. fBjkbk efj fojk ;h, “;kv/ pkg{ gk; eJh jIko wZMK ;B. T[j wZMK ƒ ;t/o s'A Pkw she fJe tZv/ ;ko/ sbkp ftu u'Adk ofjzdk ;h s/ b'ehA pkbNhnK Go^Go ;kok fdB d[ZX nkgD/ xohA fbiKd/ ofjzd/ ;B, fco th sbkp jo tes Gfonk jh ofjzdk ;h.

“;kv/ pkg{ B/ fJe tZvh ;koh y[obh pDkJh j'Jh ;h. T[j fdZbh s'A b?

e/ tkfPzrNB (nwohek) she bzph ;h. T[; nZr/ wZMK pzBQhnK ofjzdhnK ;B s/ T[j nkgDk ukok yKdhnK ofjzdhnK ;B.”

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE do[Z;s Lmhe eoBk uzgs

j' frnk Ld"V frnk u'Adk Ld[ZX eZYDk y[obh LgP{ d/ ukok

ykD tkbh EK

(32)

r[gkbk p'fbnk, “T[J/ p; eo rZghnk, s/o/ pkg{ dk ;kv/ pkg{ Bkb eh Nkeok < ;kv/ pkg{ e'b Xosh s'A nekP she bzwk B/Ik ;h. id'A edh d/P ftu pkoP dh b'V Gk;dh, b'ehA pkg{ d/ uoBhA nkD fvrd/. s/ pkg{ T[BQK ’s/

so; yk e/ nkgDk B/Ik n;wkB ’s/ pZdbK ftu yG' fdzdk. p; fco eh j[zdk, fSBK gbK ftu toyk j' iKdh s/ ;[Ze/ y/s jo/ Go/ j' iKd/.”

ftu'A fBjkbk N'edk, “p; eo UJ/ :pbk, i/ fJvk tZvk s/o/ fgT[ gk;

B/Ik ;h, sK T[j oydk feZE/ ;h <”

r[gkbk nZr'A s[ozs T[so d/Adk, “s/o/ fgT[ dh y[obh ftu.”

s/ p; ;[DB tkfbnK ƒ d'jK dhnK rZgK ’s/ fJedw ftPtk; nk iKdk.

bkb febQ/ fdZbh pko/ T[j d't/A fJT[A fpnkB d/Ad/ L

“bkb febQk gsk i/ fdZbh fet/A g[Zik < ni s'A d' ;" ;kb gfjbK fJj febQk r'b ezv/ dhnK gjkVhnK ’s/ yV'sk ;h. ;kv/ fgsk G"Ad{ s/ ukfunK—

bZS{ okw, fwoI/ s/ dhB/ B/ fJ; dhnK u"jK B[ZeoK Bkb uko jkEh eZ; e/ pzBQ fdZs/. fJ; fgZS'A T[BQK jkEhnK g[o u"jK gk;/ ;kv/ fgsk ih s/ ukfunK B/ jZbk p'b fdZsk. nZr/^nZr/ fJj jkEh febQ/ ƒ Xoheh nk oj/ ;B s/ fgZS/^fgZS/ fJj gzi/ GkJh x'fVnK ’s/ uVQ/ jZbk eo oj/ ;B. p; T[BQK jkEhnK B/ iwBk feBko/

febQk nkD fNekfJnk s/ nkg nZbQk ƒ fgnko/ j' rJ/.

“gziK GkJhnK B/ jkEhnK d/ oZ;/ y'bQ e/ T[BQK ƒ Xohe e/ iwBk ftu

;[ZfNnk, fJ; soQK fJj febQk w[}bK d/ jtkb/ ehsk.”

d't/A rZg pkI T[go dk ekoBkwk \sw eod/, sK ;o'sk rD tkj^tkj eo T[~md/.

fejk iKdk j? fe nZi d/ rZgh, G"Ad{ dh jh n"bkd jB. fJBQK b'eK ftu pVk Gkoh fJs|ke j?, s/ tes e[tes fJj nkgD/ GkJhpzdK dh pVh wdd eod/ jB. ftnkj PkdhnK no woB/ gofBnK s/ fJBQK dk nkw w/b j[zdk j? s/ fJBQK wjkB ;wkrwK ’s/ T[j nkgDh f;nkDg d/ efoPw/

ftykT[Ad/ jB.

ftnkj PkdhnK s/ th fJj ‘G"Ad{ dh n"bkd’ pVhnK vhArK wkodh j?.

e'Jh g[okDk w[Y rZgh ej/rk, “;kv/ tesK dh eh g[ZSd/ j', gksPkj' ` T[j th e'Jh t/b/ ;B. ;kv/ uku/ d/ wkw/ d/ ;kb/ dh Pkdh ;h. T[; poks ftu Pkwb j'D bJh wjkokik ;kfjp e'NrVQ nkg jkEh ’s/ uVQ e/ nkJ/ ;B, s/ t?;okn B/ nkgD/ bkN ƒ G/fink ;h. poks eh ;h, fJe mkmK wkodk

;w[zdo ;h. wjkokik ;kfjp d/ 500 c"ih itkB Ioe poe todhnK gfjBhA n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

B/Ik LGkbk

:pb Lw{oy

fJs|ke LJ/ek

bkN LrtoBo

(33)

poks dh PkB ƒ uko uzB bk oj/ ;B. fJe jIko sK fBo/ x'V/ jh ;B, i' fjD^fjD eod/ poks d/ d'jhA gk;hA wkou eo oj/ ;B.”

T[Xo rZgh wjkoki dh Xow gsBh nkgDk GkPB nbkg ojh j[zdh,

“;kvk th ftnkj e'Jh ftnkj ;h, w/o/ wkfgnK B/ 500 s'b/ ;'Bk s/ 10 wZMK dki Bkb fdZshnK ;B. d[~X dhnK sK ;kv/ xo BdhnK tfjzdhnK ;B, G?D BdhnK. ;kok fgzv w[|s d[ZX bZ;h b? e/ iKdk ;h. nBki d/ sK xo ftu e'm/ jh Go/ ofjzd/ ;B. p; i' ;[Zy gkfJnk, T[j nkgD/ pkpb d/ xo gkfJnk.

id dh w?A fJZE/ nkJh, p; G[ZfynK BzfrnK d/ gZb/ pzBQ fdZsh rJh, Bk uZi dk ykDk, Bk ghDk, Bk woBk, Bk ihDk. xo d/ ezw eofdnK s/ p[jkoh p'jeo c/ofdnK wo ikJhdk j?. g/e/ xo sK B"eo B"eokDhnK ezw ƒ jZE BjhA ;B bkD d/Ad/ HHH.”

;qhwsh dk GkPB jkbhA ikoh jh j[zdk j?, fe gk; p?mh T[; dh r[nKYD

;zsh nkgD/ Bkb p?mh p;zsh ƒ efjzdh j?, “;Zu efjzdh j? ftukoh. fgT[ d/

xo fJ; ƒ ykD ƒ BjhA ;h fwbdk. fJj NZpo r[nKYhnK s'A bZ;h wzr e/

r[Ikok eodk ;h, go ;j[fonK d/ xo tVfdnK jh pkpb d/ ftjV/ pzBQhnK wZMK dh :kd nk rJh ;{.”

nZbQk pukt/ fJ; e"w s'A, fizBK fJBQK s'A pfunk ikt/, UBk jh E'VQk, go fJj f;o| ows/ dh okJ/ j?, c[zwD f;zx dk sK f\nkb j? fe fJBQK b'eK ƒ

;dk nkgD/ ;Zi/^yZp/ wzvbKd/ ofjD fdU. fJj pzd/ dk fdb goukJh oyd/ jB s/ fuzsk }w iK fBok;sk T[; d/ B/V/ BjhA Y[eD d/Ad/.

fN~gDh

rZg pkI b/y ftZu fgnkok f;zx dksk B/ ;kv/ ;wki ftZu ftuodh rZg pkI dh e"w ’s/ ukBDk gkfJnk j?. fJj spek jo rbh^w[jZb/, fgzv, Pfjo s/ ;Gk

;';kfJNhnK ftZu w"i{d ofjzdk j?. jo wfj|b ftZu fJBQK dh tZyoh PkB w"i{d ofjzdh j?. nZi d/ ;w/A ftZu e'Jh th ftnesh nfijk BjhA j? fi; B/ rZg pkI d/ doPB BjhA ehs/. rZg pkI dh \{ph fJj j? fe T[j rZgK$vhArK sK pj[s tZvhnK^tZvhnK wkodk j?, go ;ZukJh Bkb o{^p^o{ j[zd/ jh T[; dk \{B ;[Ze iKdk j?. fJBQK d/ ekoBkw/ ;[Dd/ jh ;o's/ tkj^tkj eo T[~md/ jB. ftnkj Pkdh j't/ iK ;'r dk w"ek j't/ fJj rZg pkI jo EK nkgDh f;nkDg d/ efoPw/

fdykT[Ad/ BIo nkT[Ad/ jB. fJBQK rZg pkIK dh \k;hns fJj j? fe fJj pzd/

dk fdb goukJh oZyd/ jB, s/ fBok;sk ƒ B/V/ BjhA Y[eD fdzd/.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE p'jeo LMkV{

r[nKYD LBkb tkb/ xo

’u ofjD tkbh n"os

(34)

nfGnk;

1H d~;' yK Gbk L

(i) rZg pkI feBQK EktK ’s/ w"i{d j[zdk j? <

(ii) rZg pkI dk ufoZso T[ikro eo' <

(iii) rZg pkI dhnK rZgK dk fPeko ;wki dk fejVk tor pDdk j? <

(iv) rZg pkI dh ;wki ftZu eh EK j? <

(v) rZg pkI B/ fJ; b/y ftZu fejV/ izrbh ikBto Bkb bVB dh rZZg wkoh s/ T[; B/ fejVh ejkDh xVh <

(vi) rZg pkI dh gsBh d/ nkgD/ ftnkj pko/ eh ftuko ;B <

nkU e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/ L

(i) eh s[;hA nfij/ fe;/ j'o rZg pkI ƒ ikDd/ j'. i/ jK sK T[; d/

;[Gkn s/ o[ZuhnK pko/ ikDekoh fdT[.

(ii) eh s[;hA ed/ rZg wkoh j? < T[; dk s[jkƒ e'Jh B[e;kB j'fJnk j? < nfijh xNBk dk jkb fpnkB eo'.

(iii) rZg wkoBh uzrh rZb j? iK wkVh. fJ; d/ gZy iK fto'X ftZu nkgD/

ftuko g/P eo'.

(iv) eh s[;hA wzBd/ j' fe rZg pkIK ekoB n|tkjK c?bdhnK jB <

i/eo ed/ s[jkvk nfijh fe;/ xNBk Bkb tkj fgnk j? sK T[; d/

f;ZfNnK T[~go o"PBh gkT[.

(v) |oI eo' s[jkvk e'Jh fwZso rZg pkI j?. T[; dk fJ; nkds s'A fgZSk S[vkT[D bJh s[;hA eh eo'r/ <

nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) iK }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L (i) rZg pkI jo rZb ftZu pj[s tZvhnK j;shnK dk jtkbk

fdzdk j?.

(ii) nBgVQ g/Av{ fe;kB rZg pkI dhnK rZbK dk fPeko BjhA j[zd/.

(iii) rZg pkI P/o s/ P/oBh d/ e'b jh p?mk ofjzdk j?.

(iv) r[gkbk efjzdk j? fe T[; dk pkg{ pZdbK ftZu B/Ik wko e/ toyk eotk ;edk ;h.

(v) rZgh wjkoki dh gsBh nkgD/ xo d[ZX dhnK BdhnK trD dh rZg wkodh j?.

(35)

JH ykbh EktK Go' L

(i) bkb febQk HHH dh wdd Bkb iwBk feBko/ fbnKdk frnk.

(ii) rZg pkI dhnK HHH ;[D e/ fgzv tkfbnK dh wfj|b nP^nP eo T[~mh.

(iii) nZi d/ rZgh ƒ HHH dh n"bkd fejk iKdk j?.

(iv) c[zwB f;zx rZghnK dh e"w dk HHH g{odk j?.

(v) fdZbh d/ bkb febQ/ ƒ HHH dhnK gjkVhnK s'A fbnkT[D dh rZg wkoh rJh j?.

;H i'V/ pDkT[ L

r'b e[zvk pkoP

B/Ik iwBk

r'gkbk gjkVhnK

bkb febk :Zpb

jH fg~S/ Ppd bk e/ ;wk;h Ppd pDkT[ L (i) fgzv HHH

(ii) fjD HHH (iii) rZb HHH (iv) d{o HHH

eH fbzr pdb' L

(i) ;/m

(ii) gsh (iii) jkEh (iv) jEBh yH tke pDkT[ L

(i) vhArK wkoBhnK HHH HHH HHH HHH (ii) jZbk p'bDk HHH HHH HHH HHH (iii) fpnkB eoBk HHH HHH HHH HHH (iv) fpb/ bkT[Dk HHH HHH HHH HHH

vhArK g~y

jkEhnK

r'be[zvk G"Ad{

(36)

;t?^o~fynk

;kX{ f;zx nKub

P\;hns s/ ouBk

;kX{ f;zx nKub dk iBw 9 nes{[po, 1932 ƒ fgzv GfXnkDk, fIbQk ibzXo fty/ fgsk pfuZso f;zx d/

xo wksk feogkb e"o dh e[Zy'A j'fJnk. w[ZYbh ftZfdnk fgzv d/ ;oekoh ;e{b s'A jk;b ehsh ns/

;e{bh gVQkJh s'A pknd phHJ/H eoe/ fdZbh g[fb;

ftZu Gosh j' rJ/. ;oft; eofdnK jh fdZbh :{Bhtof;Nh s'A n?~wHJ/H gzikph gk; ehsh. T[j

;jkfJe g[fb; efwPBo d/ nj[d/ ’s'A ;/tk^w[es j'J/. nkgDh B"eoh d"okB th T[BQK B/ toePkgK s/ ;?whBkoK okjhA ;e{bK, ekbiK d/ ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ

;t?^oZfynk Bkb ;zpzXs sohe/ ngBkT[D bJh gq/fos ehsk. T[j wPj{o gzikph

;kfjseko jB. Gkt/A T[BQK B/ fInkdkso eftsktK s/ rhsK dh ouBk ehsh j?, fco th tkose d/ y/so ftZu fJBQK dk tZvw[Zbk :'rdkB j?. T[BQK d/ ekft^;zrqfj wB[Zyh gq/oDk d/ ;o's jB. ‘;ZXoK dhnK bkPK’, ‘fdb d/ dkr’, ‘fpoj'A fgnk

;kv/ fynkb’ ‘dod ftS'V/ dk jkb’, ‘BjhA oh;K gzikp dhnK’ ‘nbp/bk gzikp’,

‘nkjK s/ nZEo{’ s/ ‘f;Zyh dk ;|o’ T[BQK dhnK wPj{o g[;seK jB.

;t?^o~fynk

wB[Zyh j'Ad d/ Bkb jh T[; ftZu ;t?^oZfynk dk fXnkB nkfJnk. izrbh ikBtoK s/ e[dosh nk|sK s'A fJbktk nZr^gkDh dk efjo wB[Zy bJh ;dk jh vo dk ftPk pfDnk fojk j?. nkdwh nkozG s'A jh fJj' fijhnK nk|sK s'A puD bJh Yzr sohe/ ;'udk nk fojk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh d[PwD T[~s/

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

;t?^oZfynk L ;[oZfynk nk|sK L w[;hpsK efjo L r[Z;k ekoro L ;jh

(37)

jwbk eoB d/ Yzr sohe/ th ;'udk fojk j?. wB[Zy dh jZE'^jZE bVkJh ftZu vzvk, bkmh, sbtko s/ poSk wB[Zyh tko ƒ o'eD bJh ekoro sohe/ ngDkJ/

ik ;ed/ jB. pzd{e, sbtko iK j'o r'bh f;Zek, pko{d dh ekY s'A gfjbK wB[Zy T[go dZ;/ jfEnko jh ;t?^oZfynk bJh tosdk fojk j?. rse/pkIh th

;t?^oZfynk dk fJe ;kXB wzBh iKdh j?. wB[Zy nkgD/ nkg ƒ bkmh, sbtko nkfd s'A pukn d/ Yzr dZ;dk j?. rse/pkIh ftZu ewo s'A EZb/ d/ fjZ;/ d/

pukn bJh g?oh sohe/ ngDkJ/ iKd/ jB. g?oh (;kJhv) bZsK iK ewo T[~s/

ehs/ tko ƒ nkyd/ jB. fi; ƒ bkmh Bkb o'fenk ik ;edk j?. b/feB n;hA fJE/ ;t?^oZfynk d/ ftP/ ti'A ykbh jZE oZfynk bJh Yzr sohfenk dk T[gkn iK tos'A pko/ rZb eo oj/ jK.

eokN/ ikgkBh GkPk ftu d' PpdK dk i'V j?—‘eo’ dk noE j? ykbh s/ ‘N/’ dk wsbp j? jZE, Gkt ykbh jZE. nkdwh tb'A ykbh jZEK Bkb ngDkJ/

rJ/ s"o sohfenK ƒ ‘eokN/’ nkyd/ jB. eokfNnK ƒ ikgkBh GkPk ftZu i{v' noEks e[Psh th nkyd/ jB. ikgkBh GkPk ftZu fJ; ƒ fJT[A fpnkB eo

;ed/ jK fe i/eo s[;hA ;ohoe s"o s/ skesto BjhA j' sK th s[;hA nkgDh oZfynk eo ;ed/ j'. i/eo s[;hA eokfNnK dh w[jkos jk;b eoe/ nkgD/

fi;w ƒ wIp{s pDk fbnk j? sK d{i/ T[~s/ jwbk eoB dh s[jkƒ e'Jh b'V BjhA. fJZe j'o eEB th fJ; ftP/ Bkb i'fVnk ik ;edk j?, fi; ƒ n;hA efjzd/ jK fe ;t?^;[oZfynk sK jh eo ;ed/ jK i/eo ;kvk fdb s/ fdwkr fJe' t/b/ ;kE d/D ftZu ;woZE j'D.

eokfNnK dk nkozG sK fe;/ t/b/ gqkuhB ekb ftZu dZyDh ;{p/ e/ob dh Xosh (Gkos) T[~s/ j'fJnk, go fJ; dk ftek; ikgkB ftZu frfDnk iKdk j?.

fJ; dk r[o{ whuB c'BkePh gqf;ZX ftnesh j'fJnk j?. fi; B/ ;t?^oZfynk bJh pV/ s"o^sohe/ dZ;/ jB. ;G s'A gfjbK fJ; ftZu jZEK s/ pkjtK dk gq:'r j?. jZEK Bkb n;hA fe;/ d/ ehs/ j'J/

fi;wkBh jwb/ (;ohoe tko) ƒ o'e

;ed/ jK. jZEK Bkb nkgD/ jZE dhnK pzd ehshnK j'JhnK gzi T[ArbK dh w[Zm pDk e/ gzu wko ;ed/ jK. fi; ƒ gzikph ftZu m'; w[Zek wkoBk th fejk ik ;edk j?. fJj gzu jwkbkto d/ iK jwbk eoB tkb/ d/ BZe T[~s/, wz{j

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

ekY L y'i

rse/pkIh L P;so ubkT[Dk g?oh L ewo iK bZsK

T[~s/ ehs/ iKd/

jwb/

T[gkn L sohe/

w[jkos L wkfjo b'V L Io{os gqkuhB L g[okD/ ;w/A

ftZu gqf;ZX L wPj{o s"o^sohe/ L Yzr fi;wkBh L ;ohoe w[Zm L w[Zmh gzu L w[Zek

(38)

T[~s/, dzdK T[~s/, nZyK T[~s/ iK wZE/ T[~s/ wko e/ T[;

ƒ fJe uzrh ;ZN gj[zuk ;ed/ jK. fJ; s'A fpBK fJj w[Zek fdb T[~s/ iK g/N T[~s/ th wkfonk ik

;edk j?. jZE ƒ n;hA EZgV iK ug/V wkoB bJh th tosd/ jK. fJ; ftZu jZEK dk f;ZXk iK g[Zmk gk;k d[PwD ƒ ek|h ;ZN wko ;edk j?.

fJ; s'A fpBK n;hA nkgDhnK pkjK dh e{jDh ƒ w"e/ w[skpe d[PwD d/ fe;/ fjZ;/ T[~s/ th wko

;ed/ jK. e{jDh dh jZvh pVh wIp{s j[zdh j?.

fJ; bJh e{jDh w'V e/ i/ ;ZN wkoh ikJ/ sK jwbkto ƒ ekch o'e gkJh ik

;edh j?.

bZsK s/ g?oK dk gq:'r th ;?bc fvc?A; (;t?^;[oZfynk) bJh pj[s jh ekoro ;kps j[zdk j?. g?o dk m[Zvk wko e/ n;hA d[PwD dhnK bZsK iK g?oK ƒ B[e;kB gj[zuk ;ed/ jK. pV/ I'o Bkb wkfonk j'fJnk m[Zvk d[PwD dh bZs dh jZvh s'V ;edk j?. g?oK d/ Bkb m[Zv wko e/ d[PwD ƒ ekch jZd sZe I\wh ehsk ik ;edk j?. EZb/ fvZr/ j'J/ d[PwD ƒ n;hA nkgD/ r'v/ wko e/ p/j'P eo ;ed/ jK. r'v/ th ;kv/ fi;w ftZu wIp{s jZvhnK dk fJZe i'V j?. nkw ny"s j? fe tes dk fJZe NKek p/tes d/ jIkoK NKfenK Bkb'A uzrk j?. id'A feXo/ th ;kv/ fi;w ƒ e'Jh \sok pD/ sK xpokT[Dk fpbe[b th BjhA ukjhdk pbfe fdwkrh Pesh ns/ fi;wkBh skes dk w/b fwbk e/ jwbkto s'A pukn ehsk ik ;edk j?. w?A fJE/ s[jkv/ Bkb fJZe n;b xNBk pko/ ;KM gkT[Dk Io{oh ;wMdk jK—Gkos d/ dZyDh ;{p/ eoBkNe d/ fJZe fgzv ftZu ofjD tkbk pzdk |?eNoh ftZu ‘tku n?Av tkov nk|h;o’ nkgDh |?eNoh dk d"ok eo fojk

;h. |?eNoh d/ Bkb bZrd/ izrb ftZu'A nukBe fJZe P/o fBeb nkfJnk.

P/o ƒ nkT[AfdnK t/y e/ T[; ƒ e[M Bk ;[ZfMnk fe j[D eh ehsk ikt/ < nukBe T[; ƒ IwhB ’s/ gJh j'Jh fJe yZgsh Gkt b'j/ dh sbtko BIo nkJh. T[;

ƒ T[j nkgD/ jZE ftZu u[Ze e/ P/o d/ w[ekpb/ bJh fjZe skD e/ yVQk j' frnk ns/ T[; B/ P/o ƒ pV/ I'o Bkb bbeko e/ fejk, “nk w?A fJ; sbtko Bkb tZY e/ s/o/ N[eV/ eo fdnKrk.” T[; dh bbeko s/ sbtko d/ G?n s'A vofdnK P/o nZr/ tXD'A o[e frnk ns/ fgZS/ w[V frnk.

nZi d/ :[Zr ftZu n;hA o'IkBk n\pkoK ftZu gVQd/ jK iK N?bhftIB T[~s/

d/yd/ jK fe pZfunK iK n"osK T[~s/ wzd GktBk Bkb jwb/ ehs/ iKd/ jB fiBQK n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

;ZN L u'N

m[Zvk L m'jeo r'vk L x[NDk (;oho

dk nzr) ny"s L ejkts fi;w L ;oho tku n?Av tkov nk|h;o L u"ehdko fjZe L Sksh

tZY L eZN

wzd L p[oh

(39)

ƒ nkgD/ jZEK^g?oK d/ gq:'r eoe/ Gkt eokN/ d/ tko Bkb ;cbskg{ote o'e

;ed/ jK. fJ; s'A fpBK tv/oh T[wo d/ pI[orK T[~s/ b[ZN^y'j d/ jwb/ th j[zd/

ofjzd/ jB fiBQK ƒ i{v' d/ tko Bkb o'fenk ik ;edk j?.

eokfNnK d/ r[o{ efjzd/ jB fe o'IkBk dk nfGnk; nkdwh d/ fi;w ƒ buedko pDk fdzdk j? i' f;js bJh pj[s jh ckfJd/wzd j?. fJj sohe/ tos'A ftZu fbnKfdnK ;kvk jkiwk th do[Z;s ofjzdk j? ns/ ;kv/ fi;w dh \{Bh joes th mhe ofjzdh j?.

fN~gDh

b/ye B/ fJ; ouBk ftZu fJj dZf;nk j? fe n;hA nkgDh ;[oZfynk fejV/

Yzr^sohe/ Bkb eo ;ed/ jK. Io{oh BjhA fe n;hA nkgDh oZfynk fe;/

jfEnko d/ Bkb jh eo ;ed/ jK. i/eo ;kv/ ’s/ e'Jh jwbk eodk j? ns/

;kv/ e'b T[; ;w/A e'Jh jfEnko iK c/o e'Jh j'o ;kXB BjhA j? sK c/o n;hA nkgD/ jZEK^g?oK dh tos'A eoe/ th jwbkto ƒ fuZs eo ;ed/ jK s/ nkgDh

;[oZfynk th eo ;ed/ jK. b/ye nB[;ko nZi d/ ;w/A ftZu jo wB[Zy ƒ nkgDh ;[oZfynk eoBh f;ZyDh ukjhdh j?. fJ; bJh T[j i{v' iK eokN/

torhnK y/vK ƒ ngDk e/ fiZE/ jwb/ s'A pukn eodk j? T[~E/ Bkb jh ;ohoe s"o T[~s/ szdo[;s th ofj ;edk j?. fJ; b/y ftZu b/ye B/ pZfunK iK n"osK T[~go jwb/ ƒ o'eD bJh nksw^oZfynk dk nk;kB sohek ;wMkT[D dh e'fPP ehsh j?.

nfGnk;

1H d~;' yK Gbk L

(i) wB[Zy bJh fejVh P?n vo dk ftPk pDh ojh j? <

(ii) nkjw'^;kjwD/ dh bVkJh ftZu fejV/ sohe/ ngDk e/ n;hA

;t?^oZfynk eo ;ed/ jK.

(iii) ewo d/ j/mb/ fjZ;/ dh oZfynk fet/A ehsh ik ;edh j? <

(iv) eokN/ dk eh noE j? <

(v) eokN/ dk nkozG gqkuhB ;w/A ftZu feZE/ j'fJnk <

(vi) jZEK ns/ g?oK Bkb n;hA nkgDh oZfynk fet/A eo ;ed/ jK <

(vii) d[PwD ƒ ;ohoe s"o s/ B[e;kB gj[zukT[D bJh eh ehsk ik

;edk j? <

(40)

nkU e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/ L

(i) ;t?^oZfynk ƒ gqrNkT[D tkb/ sohfenK dk ;z[do ukoN pDkT[.

(ii) Gkos d/ j'o ;{fpnK ftZu ;t?^oZfynk bJh ngDkJ/ iKd/ ;kXBK pko/

s;thoK ;fjs ikDekoh fdT[.

(iii) ni'e/ ;w/A ftZu oZfynk d/ tZy'^tZyo/ sohfenK ƒ f;ZyDk feT[A Io{oh j? <

(iv) eh s[;hA ed/ fe;/ d/ jwb/ dk fPeko j'J/ j' < s[;hA nkgDh oZfynk fet/A ehsh < ft;sko ftZu ;wMkT[.

(v) eh s[jkƒ eokN/ f;ZyD ftZu fdbu;gh j? < fJ; y/v d/ r[DK T[~go o"PBh gkT[.

nH gkm d/ nkXko ’s/ mhe ( ✔ ) s/ }bs ( ✖ ) dk fBPkB pDkT[ L (i) eokN/ dk nozG coK; ftZu j'fJnk ;h.

(ii) bZsK iK ewo T[~s/ ehs/ tko ƒ g?oh nkyd/ jB.

(iii) r'v/ ewI'o jZvhnK dk fJZe i'V j?.

(iv) g?o dk m[Zv e[M BjhA eo ;edk.

(v) jZEK Bkb th d[PwD ƒ fuZs ehsk ik ;edk j?.

JH ykbh EktK Go' L

(i) ikgkBh GkPk ftu ‘eo’ ƒ HHH nkyd/ jB.

(ii) rse/pkIh ftZu HHH d/ sohe/ f;ykJ/

iKd/ jB.

(iii) j/mK fvZr/ d[PwD ƒ HHH dh ;ZN Bkb B[e;kB gjz[ukfJnk ik ;edk j?.

(iv) tkuw?B B/ |?eNoh ftZu HHH dk

;kjwDk ehsk.

(v) eokfNnK d/ nfGnk; Bkb ;oho HHH pDdk j?.

r'v/ g?oh

P/o

buedko ykbh

(41)

;H i'V/ pDkT[ L

eo P/o

tkuw?B ykbh

N/ r[o{

whuB c'BkePh jZE

jH j/m fby/ PpdK d/ fto'Xh Ppd fby' L (i) d[PwD HHH

(ii) oZfynk HHH (iii) fBjZEk (iv) skesto

eH ;wkBkoEe Ppd fby' L (i) T[gkn HHH

(ii) fi;wkBh HHH (iii) gzu HHH (iv) w[jkos yH tke pDkT[ L

(i) ;t?^oZfynk HHH HHH HHH HHH (i) B[e;kB gj[zukT[Dk HHH HHH HHH HHH (i) N[eV/ eo d/Dk HHH HHH HHH HHH (i) buedko HHH HHH HHH HHH

References

Related documents

Ashish Dhar Mishra MAR-2013 04-MAR-2014 Saurabh Mani, Applied Business Economics / A Comparative Study of Socio-Economic Correlates of Labour Migration in Selected Zones of

Gangal &amp; Bhawna Johri, Applied Business Economics / Socio–Economic Impact of Financial Inclusion: A Study of Uttar Pradesh..

To find out the validity of admission test in predicting fetal distress and evaluation of admission test as a screening test to detect fetal hypoxia already present at the time

S .N o N a m e A g e S e x IP N o Wa r d Wo u n d T y p e o f Wo u n d D ia g n o si s C u lt u r e S e n si ti v e R e si st a n t T y p e1Chinnasamy60M86Plastic

Saurabh MAR-2016 23-SEP-2016 Saurabh Mani &amp; Suneshwar Prasad, Applied Business Economics / ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE

d&#34;V esa bUnzerh d#.kke; th }kjk dgs x;s cpuksa dk Lej.k djrh gS vkSj lgk;rkFkZ izkFkZuk djrh gS rFkk mnkl gksdj lriq#&#34;k ds n'kZu dh vfHkyk&#34;kk izdV djrh gSA jkuh dh

An ecad of a plant species is a population of individuals which although belong to the same genetic stock (genetically similar) but differ in vegetative

ns/ gzikph ƒ fInkdk s'A fInkdk nkgDh fIzdrh ftZu ngBkT[Dk ukjhdk j?.. nkgDh wK^p'bh ƒ ft;ko e/ soZeh BjhA ehsh

T[BQK dhnK ejkDhnK nzro/Ih, fjzdh s/ j'o GkPktK ftZu nB[tkd j' u[ZehnK jB.. pZfunK ƒ T[uh^T[uh rkbQK eZYD

fJeKrh ftZu fJZe BkNe y/vD dh i[rs okjhA fJ; ftZu jk;^o; g?dk ehsk frnk j?... HHH (iii) fuVhnk nk

Attempt the questions contained in these sections according to the detailed instructions given therein... What is meant by

ƒ Gkosh ;kfjs nekdwh tZb'A gzikph dh fPo'wDh ouBk ti'A ;BwkfBs ehsk frnk ;h.. T[BQK B/ wkBth u/sBk ftZu g?dk j'D tkbhnK bfjoK ƒ ebwpzd

( rbs) 5H5H gkDh x[bDPhb gdkoEK dhnK ftfGzB wksoktK x'bdk j?.. T[ZsoL^ T)Ht;s{nK uZeokeko rsh eo ojhnK jB.. J)H fJ; fuZso ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?. fe jtk ftAu

17H2 T[go'es fuZso ftZu o[ZyK dh eNkJh ekoD jtk ftZu tXdh ekopBvkJhnke;kJhv dh wksok Bz{ gqd{PD d/ o{g ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j?... gqekP ;z;b/PD gZfsnK ftZu

;wfwsh nfeqshnK pDkT[Dk, nkfeqshnK fiBQK ftZu d' ;wfwsh o/yktK j'D, pj[ ;wfwsh o/yktK tkbhnK nkfeqshnK,gqshfpzp ns/ ;wfwsh/.. dhtko xVh dh ;jkfJsk Bkb e'DK dhnK fe;wK s'A

fdwkrh nze ftfrnkB ftfrnkB ftfrnkB ftfrnkB L -- d' fJZe nzeK tkbhnK ;zfynktK B{z ˜pkBh i'VBk... • fJjBK 2-D nkfeqshnK d/ r[DK dk nzso frnkB

In the present work, we have calculated ot for positron impact on all the alkali metals using an optical potential method. The effect of Ps formation is not taken

In the present talk I shall be confining on the first method which focuses on the understanding of AE-E telescope, gaseous AE detector, time of flight (TOP)

The main features of ’threshold anomaly' are that the strength of the imaginary potential, in the surface region to which the elastic scattering is sensitive, increases rapidly

characterise the gel-grown iron(II) tartrate dihydrate crystals by using the Mdssbaucr technique as well as to study their magnetic properties with the help

fpfdRlk ds vfLrRoijd mikxe dh gkykafd vdlj vkykspuk Hkh dh xà gS D;ksafd blesa euksfpfdRlk ds O;ofLFkr fl)karksa vkSj rduhdksa dk vHkko gSA ;g lcls O;kid :i ls

,d ehukj dk f'k[kj {kSfrt ry ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ij 60° dk mUu;u dks.k cukrk gSA ml fcUnq ls 10 ehVj Bhd Åij ,d LFkku ij ehukj ds ikn dk voueu dks.k 30°.. gSA ehukj dh ÅapkbZ

A steady-state mathematical model has been proposed for the dispersion of air pollutants in low winds by taking into account the diffusion in the three