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Village Kiosk and Impacting Role Village Kiosk and Impacting Role

of ICT for Rural Areas of ICT for Rural Areas

U. B. Desai U. B. Desai

Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering

IIT IIT - - Bombay Bombay

(2)

Village Kiosk

Village Kiosk

(3)

Aug 2006 3

Village Kiosk

(4)

Aug 2006 4

A village kiosk A village kiosk

consists of consists of

„„

Local Entrepreneur Local Entrepreneur

„„

Equipment Equipment

„„ ComputerComputer

„„ PrinterPrinter

„„ Battery backupBattery backup

„„ Web-Web-camcam

„„ Speakers, MicrophoneSpeakers, Microphone

„

„ ConnectivityConnectivity

„„ Antenna assemblyAntenna assembly

„„

Cost of setting up a Cost of setting up a village Kiosk ~

village Kiosk ~

Rs.50K to 1L

Rs.50K to 1L

(5)

Aug 2006 5

Govt.

Forms

Entertain.

Email, Browsing Distance

Edu.

Village Kiosk

Connectivity:

CorDECT, VSAT, Dialup, GPRS, 3G1x

Typical ICT4D Model

„ Basically

„ Service model

„ Shared model

„ Aggregating model

„ Motivated by

PCO/STD/ISD booth and Cable TV model

„ Research aspect:

„ Connectivity

„ Services

„ Good Model

„ Nevertheless some research on the model may be in order

(6)

Aug 2006 6

Partial List of Some ICT4D Projects in India Partial List of Some ICT4D Projects in India

(based on Village Kiosk) (based on Village Kiosk)

„„ eSeva, Integrated Citizen eSeva, Integrated Citizen Services, Andhra Pradesh Services, Andhra Pradesh

„„ LokLok MitraMitra and Jan Mitraand Jan Mitra Projects from Rajasthan Projects from Rajasthan

„„ e-e- BillPostBillPost and eand e-- Post Services Post Services of the Department of Posts

of the Department of Posts

„„ RASI (Rural Access to Services RASI (Rural Access to Services through the Internet)

through the Internet) --- n-n- Logue CommunicationsLogue Communications

„„ GyandootGyandoot

„„ Community Information Community Information Centres

Centres (CIC) Project (Dept. (CIC) Project (Dept.

of Info Tech.,

of Info Tech., Govt.ofGovt.of India)India)

„„ BhoomiBhoomi

„„ DrishteeDrishtee dot. com Ltd. dot. com Ltd.

„„ ITC ITC eChoupaleChoupal

„„ KuppamKuppam ii-- community, Andhra community, Andhra Pradesh (HP)

Pradesh (HP)

„„ AkshayaAkshaya-- KeralaKerala Govt'sGovt's

Hundred Percent ICT Literacy Hundred Percent ICT Literacy

Project Project

„„ Information Village Research Information Village Research Project

Project-- IVRP by M. S. IVRP by M. S.

Swaminathan

Swaminathan Research Research Foundation

Foundation

„„ SwayamSwayam KrishiKrishi SangamSangam (SKS) (SKS)

„„ TARAhaatTARAhaat

„„ GRAMDOOTGRAMDOOT

(7)

Aug 2006 7

Partial List of Some ICT4D projects in India Partial List of Some ICT4D projects in India … …

„„

ICT for Women’ ICT for Women ’s s Empowerment Empowerment

„„ SEWASEWA

„

„ Community Radio-Community Radio- DeccanDeccan Development Society

Development Society

„

„ Community Radio-Community Radio- KutchKutch Mahila

Mahila VikasVikas SangathanSangathan (KMVS):

(KMVS):

„„ SisuSisu SamrakshakSamrakshak ICT-ICT-

enabled Child health care enabled Child health care by UNICEF

by UNICEF

„

„ Change InitiativesChange Initiatives-- Nabanna

Nabanna-- Empowering Empowering women

women

„„

… …

(8)

aAQUA Q&A forum (DIL: IIT-Bombay)

Farmers can access Agri- extension services.

They can ask questions in their own language and get information more relevant to the local context.

web-based archived searchable multilingual

since Nov 03

(9)

Bhav Puchiye – What is the Price? (DIL: IITB)

(10)

Aug 2006 10

Visual Acuity Test (HP-IITM R & D Labs)

(11)

Aug 2006 11

Voice Based News Group (HP

Voice Based News Group (HP - - ITTM) ITTM)

(12)

Aug 2006 12

Project COW: Computers on Wheel

(13)

Aug 2006 13

„ „ Founded by Pingali Raja Rajeswari Founded by

„ „ Experimented in Experimented in Mehboobnagar Mehboobnagar (close to (close to Hyderbad

Hyderbad ) )

„ Computer technology with digital imaging, solar power and wireless connectivity for Internet

„ New delivery method - Intermediary based

mobile motorcycle model.

(14)

Aug 2006 14

Revenue Distribution at an n

Revenue Distribution at an n--Logue Logue Village Kiosk in

Village Kiosk in MelurMelur DistrictDistrict

20 %20 % Computer Classes

Computer Classes

10 %10 % Entertainment

Entertainment

10 %10 % Printing

Printing

10 %10 % DTPDTP

10 %10 % Govt. Applications

Govt. Applications

25 %25 % Browsing

Browsing

15 %15 % Email/Chat/Video Mail

Email/Chat/Video Mail

Avg. monthly revenue for a commercially

sustainable rural Kiosk needs to be about Rs.3000 to Rs.3500 (implying that the kiosk owner can pay back the monthly loan installment, and still have something to take home)

(15)

Aug 2006 15

Village Kiosks Reach in India Village Kiosks Reach in India

Out of 638,000 villages, about Out of 638,000 villages, about

6000 to 7000 have internet 6000 to 7000 have internet

access;

access; about 1% villages are about 1% villages are connected

connected

Mission 2007: (

Mission 2007: (http://www.mission2007.org/http://www.mission2007.org/))

„„ Connect 100,00 villages by 2008 (create VKC: Village Connect 100,00 villages by 2008 (create VKC: Village Knowledge Centers)

Knowledge Centers)

„„ Phase I:Phase I:

„„ Finance Minister has set aside Rs.100 Cr. for creating Finance Minister has set aside Rs.100 Cr. for creating 10,000 more

10,000 more VKCsVKCs by Feb 2006 –by Feb 2006 – tall ordertall order

(16)

Aug 2006 16

Some Questions Some Questions

„ „ What are the research issues? What are the research issues?

„ „ Is village Kiosk based on PC the best Is village Kiosk based on PC the best possible model?

possible model?

„ „ In which domain ICT can play a key role In which domain ICT can play a key role to profoundly impact the village economy?

to profoundly impact the village economy?

(17)

Aug 2006 17

Access Tech.

Information Management

Developmental Informatics

Contextual, Interactive

Interfaces

Affordable Devices Distance Education

Health Care

Reliable Power

Language Tech

e-Commerce

e-Governance

Business Models Content Development

Entertainment

Speech

A Plethora of Research Areas Challenge is to make this an attractive and

acceptable area for research at

academic

institutions and research labs

Research in ICT4D

Low Cost PC

(18)

PC as Platform for ICT?

PC as Platform for ICT?

(19)

Aug 2006 19

Urban PC and Cell Phone Penetration Urban PC and Cell Phone Penetration

Cell phone penetration

PC penetration

(20)

Aug 2006 20

Rural PC and Cell Phone Penetration Rural PC and Cell Phone Penetration

PC

Penetration Cell Phone

Penetration

(21)

Aug 2006 21

Some Observations Some Observations

„„

PC penetration is about 12 million in 20 yrs PC penetration is about 12 million in 20 yrs

„„

Internet users 30 million Internet users 30 million

„„

Cell phones about 100+ million in 10 yrs, and we are Cell phones about 100+ million in 10 yrs, and we are adding about 1 to 1.5 million every month

adding about 1 to 1.5 million every month

„„

Lowest cell tariff (voice calls) in the world, ~ 2 cents a Lowest cell tariff (voice calls) in the world, ~ 2 cents a minute

minute

„„

Telephone density expected to cross 25% (250 mil) by Telephone density expected to cross 25% (250 mil) by 2008, and most of these will be cellular

2008, and most of these will be cellular

„„

SMS: Very popular in India SMS: Very popular in India – – > one is comfortable with > one is comfortable with the cell phone as platform for messaging.

the cell phone as platform for messaging.

(22)

Aug 2006 22

PCs vs. Cell Phones PCs vs. Cell Phones

PCs PCs

„„ Focus has been on PC as the Focus has been on PC as the most desirable platform

most desirable platform

„

„ But scalability in rural areas is But scalability in rural areas is a major issue

a major issue

„„ Extensive work on low cast Extensive work on low cast PCsPCs

„

„ AmachiAmachi PC (~Rs10K)PC (~Rs10K)

„„ PCTVT (PC-PCTVT (PC-TVTV--Telephone, Telephone, expected price Rs.10K) expected price Rs.10K)

„„ Networked Linux based PC Networked Linux based PC (Novatium(Novatium))

„„ Dumb terminalsDumb terminals

„„ Rental modelRental model

„„ Requires Broad bandRequires Broad band

„„ OLPC (One Laptop Per Child)OLPC (One Laptop Per Child)

Cell Phones Cell Phones

„„ Mobile phones have scaled Mobile phones have scaled phenomenally in India

phenomenally in India

„„ View mobile phones as a View mobile phones as a computer

computer

„„ Use mobile phones as the Use mobile phones as the platform for taking ICT to platform for taking ICT to

masses

masses --- the platform is the platform is already there.

already there.

(23)

Impacting Role for ICT in Rural Impacting Role for ICT in Rural

Areas

Areas

(24)

Aug 2006 24

Some Observations Some Observations

„„

In order to improve the village economy In order to improve the village economy

„„

Need to increase the cash flow Need to increase the cash flow

„„

Need to generate employment Need to generate employment

„„ India will have 500+ million citizens below the age of 25India will have 500+ million citizens below the age of 25

„„

Need to provide alternatives for fair loans (not Need to provide alternatives for fair loans (not informal sources like chit funds, money lenders, informal sources like chit funds, money lenders, bishi

bishi’ ’s s, etc.) , etc.)

„„

Need to generate trade Need to generate trade

Question: How can ICT enable the above?

Question: How can ICT enable the above?

(25)

Aug 2006 25

Share of Different Sectors in GDP (GDP at factor cost, 1993-94 Prices) Rs. In crores

-- RBI, Handbook of Statistics on the Indian Economy

56%

1320733 739842

288266 292625

2002-03

55%

1265429 691016

272359 302054

2001-02

54%

1198685 649011

263797 285877

2000-01

46%

692871 319374

150383 223114

1990-91

43%

401128 171148

70687 159293

1980-81

38%

296278 113438

46151 137320

1970-71

Services%

Total Services

Industry Agri.

(26)

Aug 2006 26

Indian GDP Indian GDP

„„

GDP for India: $600 billion GDP for India: $600 billion

„„

Rural GDP: $150 billion (25%) Rural GDP: $150 billion (25%)

56%

22%

22%

Compare this with IT industry, which is

~ $ 20 billion

(27)

Rural ATM Rural ATM

An Attempt to facilitate cash flow and expand An Attempt to facilitate cash flow and expand

rural banking

rural banking

(28)

Aug 2006 28

Rural ATM

Rural ATM – – Providing ICT based Rural Banking Providing ICT based Rural Banking

• Developed by the TeNet group of IIT-Madras

• Deployed in rural kiosks

in collaboration with ICICI bank

• Low cost rural bank

• Deposits, withdrawal, and loans

• Cost: $800/=

• Conventional ATM costs:

$15,000/=

Uses extremely low cost finger print authentication system ($1/=)

• Use of plastic ID cards “smart or otherwise” not viable in rural

areas

(29)

Aug 2006 29

Open Issues Open Issues

„„

Rural Rural

„„

Microfinance Microfinance

„„

Micro- Micro -loans loans

„„

Micro- Micro -payments payments

„„

ICT along with ICT along with

financial institutions financial institutions

will have to play a will have to play a

major role major role

„„

Very little work on Very little work on use of ICT for

use of ICT for generating trade generating trade

„„

At best there is some At best there is some work on providing

work on providing prices (

prices ( e e - - Choupal Choupal , , etc.)

etc.)

(30)

Aug 2006 30

Concluding Remarks Concluding Remarks

„„

Need to explore alternate platforms for large Need to explore alternate platforms for large scale use of ICT in rural areas

scale use of ICT in rural areas

„„

Believe cell phone is the alternate platform Believe cell phone is the alternate platform

„„

ICT in rural areas must deal with ICT in rural areas must deal with

„„

Cash flow Cash flow

„„

Trade Trade

„„

Employment Employment

to make a significant impact to make a significant impact

„„

Information by itself has little value; it must be Information by itself has little value; it must be generate trade!

generate trade!

References

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