O R G A N IS A T IO N C H A R T r

A Profile of Railway Workshop Hubli

1.1 Indian Railways - An Introduction 1.2 National Organisation Structure of

Indian Railways

1.3 A Profile of Railway Workshop, HUBLI 1.4 Definition of Organisation

1.5 Organisation Chart of Railway Workshop, Hubli

1.6 Departmentalisation of Railway Workshop, into Shops and Sections

1.7 Internal Organisation Chart of each shop 1.8 Procedure of Execution of Work

Chapter : One

1.1 Indian Railway - An Introduction : Commencement :

The first railway line in India covering 34 kins, between Boribunder (Bombay V.T.) and Thana was opened to traffic on 16th April 1853,(barely 28 years after the world's first train made its initial successful run between Stockton and Dorlington in England in the year 1825). Slowly and gradually railway lines were constructed in different parts of the country and by the year 1882 the Indian Railways had a route length of 10,000 miles opened for traffic.*

Today the Indian Railways consist of 82000 km route length - a fleet of 12000 locos, 35000 passenger coaches and 4,00,000 goods wagons. About 11000 trains run daily to serve 7500 stations. Nearly one crore passengers travel daily by rail. Over 8,00,000 tons of goods are booked every day. 40,000 wagons are loaded every day. Gross income of railways exceeds Rs.6.5 crores daily. With a capital at charge of about Rs.6,50,000 crores. Indian Railways employ well over 16 lakhs people.

Indian Railways are the largest public sector undertakings which can be compared with a few biggest railway systems in the world. The service that the railways have rendered to the Indian industry and commerce and its people during the last 120 years is unparalleled by any other transport service.

1. Indian Railway Adm. & Financial Code No. 103.

1.2 A Chart of National Organisation Structure of Railways in India : Chart No. 1.1

National Organisational Chart Minister ojf Railways Minister of State for Railways

Deputy Minister of Railways

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Chairman Railway Board

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Financial Member in charge Member in charge Member in charge Commissioner of traffic of staff of Mechanical

Railway Engineering

Nine1 Zonal 3 General Managers Director General of Managers of Production units Research ft Designes

Managers of Additional Chief Mechanical Divisional offices Engineers of Railway Workshops

Under the Indian Constitution all property and assets which are enutne- rrated in List I of the VII Schedule of the Constitution (which includes Rail­

ways) shall vest in the Central Government. The legislative powers in respect of Railways vest in Parliament and the executive powers with Government of India.*

The Railways have been given in the charge of a Railway minister who is associated in his work by one or more Minister of State or Deputy Mini­

ster. The Railway Board functions as the chief administrative and executive body to control and administrate and assists the Minister of Railways.

1. Indian Railway Adm. ft Financial Code No.205 to 210.

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The Chairman Railway board is an ex-officio Principal Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Railways. The financial Commissioner for Railways represents the Ministry of finance on the Railway Board. The Railway Board also consists of three members, each in charge of traffic staff and mechanical engineering of railways. In addition there are several additional members on the Railway Board who are assigned with additional duties and responsibilities.

The whole national net work of Indian Railways is divided into Nine Zones. Each Zonal Railway Administration is headed by a General Manager.

The Zonal General Manager of Railways is responsible to the Railway Board.

The Zonal Manager is assisted by a few functional heads of divisional offices and workshops Additional Chief Mechanical Engineeers etc.

The Railways are organised and function in the form of departmental undertakings of the Government. The incomes and revenues of the railways are deposited into the Government Treasury daily.

It is the biggest transport organisation and its finances are separated from the general finances of the country, and a separate Railway Budget is presented in the Parliament every year by the Railway Minister.

1.3 A Profile of Railway Workshop Hubli :

On such a gigantic Railway Map of India as described earlier, Hubli Railway Workshop appears to be a tiny peck; yet it is rendering great services in this region of the country since its inception in the year 1885, making a land mark of a service of well over hundred years.

Pre Independence Period :

The Railway Workshop Hubli was established in the year 1885 by the SouthernMaratha Railway Company. Dharwad was the Head Quarters of Southern Maratha Railway Company. In the year 1919 it was merged into Madras and Southern Maratha Railways with the Railway Head Quarters at Madras. *

Originally it was only a repair workshop. The meter guage loco motives passenger coaches and goods wagons were being repaired in this workshop.

The workshop employed 2 to 3 hundred weorkers largely drawn from local blacksmiths and carpenters. Most of the workers employed were unedu­

cated and were drawn from poor families residing round about villages of Hubli and Dharwad. During those days workers were attracted by the incr­

eased wages paid to them compared to other local concerns in addition to other facilities of good working conditions and labour welfare facilities provided to them, by the railway company.

Hubli is centrally located place in Southern India, as such the Briti­

shers realising the importance of the place had wisely established Railway Workshop at Hubli. Hubli was considered an important commercial center and provided the type of workers that railways were then in need. The people living in the surrounding areas of Hubli and Dharwad were considered to be miled, hard working, sincere and well disciplined. Taking these factors into consideration the Britishers thought it fit to establish a railway workshop at Hubli, as back as 1885.

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Post-Independence Period :

In the year 1951 there was reorganisation of railways andthe Southern Maratha Railways Mysore State Railways and the Ex-Madras and the South Indian Railways were merged into Souther Railways and Madras became its head quarter. As a result Hubli workshop went into the jurisdiction of Southern Railways.

During this period the importance of Hubli Railway workshop assumed greater significance. A scheme of major remodelling of the workshop was carried out with a cost of Rs.1.55 crores during the years 1960-66. In addition to remodelling covered accomodation was provided to the working staff.

V/ith the formation of South Central Railway as a new Flailway Zone, Hubli Workshop came under the jurisdiction of the newly created South Central Railway Zone. It became the major workshop undertaking repairs and over­

haul ing of all meter gauge rolling stock.

It is the only composite workshop of the South Central Railway which undertakes periodic overhauling of rolling stock besides supplying meterguage duplicates needed for day to day repairs and maintenance of the rolling stock.

With the introduction of new machines additional manufacturing opera­

tions were added to the initial activities of repairs and overhauling of meter guage loco motives, passenger coaches and goods wagons etc.

At present the workshop undertakes additional activities such as repairs and returns of wheels, springs and assembling of steam loco motives. A start has also been made to manufacture broad guage components overhauling and assembling of broad guage loco motives,corision repairs on coaches and

conversion of one type of coach in to other are the recently diversified activities of Hubli Railway Workshop.

Machine reconditioning section has also been established where some of the machines of South Central Railways are accepted for reconditioning on a phased programme.

Organisation Structure of Railway Workshop Hubli :

"Organisation is the fabrication of relations among the members of an enterprise."* Organisation prescribes, describes and inscribes the structural relationships. Organisations sets a structural framework in which the enter­

prise has to function. It specifies the authority, duties, relationships and obligations of the members of the group. It is necessary to provide a sound foundation and a good structure wherein the right person is placed on the right job, so that every thing takes place according to plans. Organisational structure is a facilitating mechanism to assist in the economical and effective attainment of the predetermined objectives. It creates relationships between and amongst the various segments of the enterprise and the persons involved in the same.

Following is the chart showing the organisational structure of the Railway Workshop Hubli.

1. Deshpande S Raghvendra 'Principles and Practice of Management.

O R G A N IS A T IO N C H A R T r

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AW M /M W IL L

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1.4 Definition of Organisation :

Aion Lawlor, defines an organisation as "a system where people together with physical resources combine through hierarchy of ranks and divisions of labour to achieve a common predetermined goal".*

(i) Additional Chief Mechanical Engineer :

He is the principal officer of the Railway ¥/orkshop Hubli, who is in charge of total administration and control and functions as the technical head of the workshop.

His main duties are :

i) Maintenance of all the rolling stock

ii) Maintenance of other equipments and tools required for railway repairs

iii) To control the expenditure incurred for repairs and maintenance and overhauling of rolling stock.

(ii) Chief Electrical Engineer :

The increase in the scope of the activities of the electrical branch in the railway workshop resulted in the appointment of Chief Electrical Engi­

neer. He is responsible so far as electrical activities of the Workshop are concerned. He works in close cooperation with the Additional Chief Mechani­

cal Engineer and advises him and guides him in so far as electrical activities are concerned.

1. Alon Lawlor "Working Organisation" Macmillan Press London.

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(in) Works Manager :

The Chief Mechanical Engineer has one or more deputies to assist him in his work of administration and control. One such deputy is called Works Manager or Deputy Chief Mechanical Engineer. He is directly responsible to Additional Chief Mechanical Engineer for the efficient conduct of the Workshop activities.

The Works Manager is assisted by the Production Engineer who is responsible for the work of following sections:

1) Planning and routing and rate fixing 2) Tigs and tool drawing office

3) Tool room

4) Feed and speed chargem an 5) Inspection department.

iv) Staff and Employment Officer :

The employment Officer or Personnel Relation Officer is to attend to all questions regarding staff and workshop labour force.

He is generally responsible to the Works Manager for all matters relating to establishment, recruitment, payment of wages, overtime, granting of leave, issue of passes, complaints, Provident fund matters, gratuity, compen sation to workers and the maintenance of service records of the manpower resources.

(v) Chemist and Metallurgist :

A chemist and Metallurgist is attached to Railway workshop with a technical laboratory equipped to .. . chemical and

metallurgical tests. He is responsible for quality control for repairs and manufacture of components and spare parts requied for such repairs.

(vi) Workshop Accounts Officer :

The workshop Accounts Officer is in charge of all the accounting and costing operations of the workshop. He functions as the financial adviser to the Chief Mechanical Engineeer.

(vii) Workshop Stores Officer :

The stores officer is responsible for the custody, replenishment and distribution of workshop stores. He is directly responsible to the controller of stores but his main duties will be to render stores services as required by the workshop. He is required to maintain most efficiently the receipts and issues of the stores item.

(viii) Shop foreman :

The Railway workshop being a very big organisation is divided into several main divisions called shops. Each shop is given under the control of a Superintendent called foreman.

The foreman in each shop is assisted by Assistant foreman,cbargemen in the supervision of work in his shop, which is carried on by rank and file w orkers of the grades of being high skilled, skilled, semi skilled and unskilled labour force.

1.6 Departmentalisation of Workshop :

Peter F.Drucker in his book "The Practice of Management" observed that "organisation is not an end in itself but a means to the end of business

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performance and business results. Organisation structure must be designed so as to make possible the attainment of objectives of business for both short and long duration."*

The first and foremost stage in building an organisation is to find out which type of activities are needed to attain the objectives of the enterprise.

Each business has a set of specific functions to perform such as manufa­

cturing, marketing, engineering, purchasing, personnel and accounting etc.

The following four steps required considerations for proper construction of a suitable process of organisation. They are viz.

a) Determination of activities, b) Grouping of similar activities, c) Allocation of responsibilities, d) Delegation of authority.

Taking these considerations into account the whole railway workshop of Hubli has been divided into the main 15 divisions which are called 'Shops'.

Following are the names of 15 shops.2

(1) Mill wright shop (2) Wheel & Tyre shop

(3) Foundry shop (4) Errecting shop

(5) Carriage shop (6) Wagon shop

(7) Loco Yard shop (8) ¥/elding shop

(9) Paint shop (10) Sawmill shop

(ID Electrical Repair shop (12) Train lighting shop (13) Electrical Maintenance shop (14) Boiler shop

(15) Smithy shop

1. Peter F.Drucker "The Practice of Management".

2. Indian Railway Mechanical Code Nos.101 to 106.

Each shop is given under the charge of a superintendent who is called foreman wo is assisted by Junior Superintendent and Chargemen for the super­

vision and control of the work carried by the artisan class workers.

The internal organisation chart of each shop is as follows : Chart No. 1.3

1.7 Internal Organisation Chart of each shop :

Additional Chief Mechanical Engineer Deputy Chief Mechanical Engineer

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Production Engineer/Works Manager

Assistant Works Manager for Repairs

Assistant Works Manager for Production Foreman

Junior Superintendent

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A' grade Chargeman B' grade chargeman

Workers | | I

class High skilled I High skilled II Skilled

Semi skilled Unskilled

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The main purposes of the division of workshop into such divisions are as follows :

1) For proper scheduling and routing of work operations.

2) To have full control over the passing of work in each shop for recording the time taken for completion of work.

3) To ascertain and record the expenditure incurred for each work order.

However it should be noted that the division of Hubli railway workshop into its constituents as explained earlier is based upon a set standard followed in all Indian Railway Workshops.*

1.8 Procedure for execution of work :

The planning section issues the operation sheet after preparing the drawings, planning the operations involved, fixing the labour necessary and defining the stores required.

The progress office prepares the progress sheet and a stores sheet for enquiring the availability of stores. Operating time sheets are prepared by the progress office and passed on to shop accompanied by material delivery sheet. The standard time fixed by the progress office is compared with the actual time taken by the workers for the purpose of calculating his wages and incentive earned. ^

1. Indian Railway Mechanical Code Nos. 105 to 116.

2. Indian Railway Mechanical Code Nos. 1003 to 1011.

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The Chargeman notes down the quantity of the work produced, the quality of the work and the amount of wages and incentive payable to the workers. The foreman is concerned with the completion of the work in the required manner. The over all supervision of the activities of workers is the responsibility of the shop foreman who is directly responsible to Assistant Works Manager.

In addition there are quality control inspectors who ensure the quality of the work done.

Table No. 1.1

Dessection of Railway Workshop Hubli Total Area occupied

Area covered

Railway track length

No. of plant and Machinery No. of E.O.T. cranes

Travers power operator Lorries/Metador vans Battery tracks and Listers Cupolas

Non-ferrous Melting furnaces Ferons heating furnaces No. of power hammers Air compressores

Power Consumption per month No. of workers employed

Wages for the (month of Oct.86) Monthly incentive bonus

Total output for the year (85-86)

105200 sq.meters 92,238 sq.meters 27 K.M.

660 23 3 4

17 3 7 21

14 12

5,78,301 units 4783

Rs.49,72,27</

Rs. 3,38,000 Rs. 11,46,48,000

Table No. 1.2 Table No. 1.2

Sanctioned strength of staff in Railway Workshop Hubli *

Cadres No.of employees

1. Officers 12

2. Mechanical

Supervisors 352

Artisans 3480

Ministerial & Miscellaneous 360

Apprentices 146

3. Accounts 124

4. Electricals 373

Total : 4847 1. Railway Workshop Hubli brochure 1984