Kannada and English-Economics

1350 (NP)

!1350NPEconomics!

PART - III

CxÀð±Á¸ÀÛç ^{/ ECONOMICS}

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PÀ£ÀßqÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EAVèµï ¨sÁµÁAvÀgÀ

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Time Allowed : 2.30 Hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 90

¸ÀÆZÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ

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(2)

§gÉAiÀÄ®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CqÀØUÉgÉ J¼ÉAiÀÄ®Ä ¤Ã° CxÀªÁ PÀ¥ÀÄà ±Á»AiÀÄ£ÀÄß §¼À¹j ºÁUÀÆ DPÀÈwUÀ¼À£ÀÄß gÀa¸À®Ä ¥É¤ì¯ï §¼À¹j.

Instructions : (1) Check the question paper for fairness of printing. If there is any lack of fairness, inform the Hall Supervisor immediately.

(2) Use Blue or Black ink to write and underline and pencil to draw diagrams.

£ÉÆÃAzÀt ¸ÀASÉå

Register Number

¨sÁUÀ -

¸ÀÆZÀ£É :

J¯Áè ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß GvÀÛj¹j.

(ii)

PɼÀUÉ PÉÆlÖ £Á®ÄÌ DAiÉÄÌUÀ¼À°è ¸ÀÆPÀÛªÁzÀ GvÀÛgÀªÀ£ÀÄß Dj¹ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CzÀgÀ DAiÉÄÌAiÀÄ

¸ÀAPÉÃvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼À GvÀÛgÀªÀ£ÀÄß §gɬÄj.

Note : (i) Answer all the questions.

(ii) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given four alternatives and write the option code and the corresponding answer.

1.

¸ÉÌÃgÀ¹n (PÉÆgÀvÉ) ªÁåSÁå£ÀzÀ ¯ÉÃRPÀ :

(a)

D¯ï¥sÉæqï ªÀiÁµÀð¯ï

°AiÉÆãɯï gÁ©£ïì

(c)

DqÀªÀiï ¹ävï

¸ÁåªÀÄÄAiÀįï¸À£ï

The author of scarcity definition is :

(a) Alfred Marshall (b) Lionel Robbins

(c) Adam Smith (d) Samuelson

2.

¸ÁA¥ÁæzÁ¬ÄPÀ DyðPÀvÉAiÀÄÄ MAzÀÄ :

(a)

DeÉÕ DyðPÀvÉ

ºÀtPÁ¸ÀÄ DyðPÀvÉ

(c)

G¥À¹Üw DyðPÀvÉ

ªÀiÁgÀÄPÀmÉÖ DyðPÀvÉ

Traditional economy is a :

(a) Command economy (b) Monetary economy

(c) Subsistence economy (d) Market economy

3.

CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉUÀ¼ÀÄ, fêÀ£À ¸ËPÀAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ «¯Á¹ªÀ¸ÀÄÛUÀ¼ÀÄ JAzÀgÉ :

(a)

G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀÄ ªÀVðÃPÀgÀt

(b)

¨ÉÃrPÉAiÀÄ ªÀVðÃPÀgÀt

(c)

GavÀ-ªÀ¸ÀÄÛUÀ¼À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÉêÉUÀ¼À ªÀVðÃPÀgÀt

(d)

§AiÀÄPÉUÀ¼À ªÀVðÃPÀgÀt

Necessaries, comforts and luxuries are : (a) Classification of utility

(b) Classification of demand

(c) Classification of free goods and services (d) Classification of wants

4.

C£ÀĨsÉÆÃVAiÀÄ C¢üPÀ vÀÈ¦Û (PÀ£ÀÆìªÀÄgï ¸Àgï¥Àè¸ï) JAzÀgÉ :

(a)

¨ÉÃrPÉ

¥ÀÆgÉÊPÉ

¨ÉÃrPÉ > ¥ÀÆgÉÊPÉ

(c)

¸ÀÄ¥ÀÛ ¨É¯É

ªÁ¸ÀÛ«PÀ ¨É¯É

Consumer surplus is :

(a) Demand=Supply (b) Demand > Supply (c) Potential Price−Actual Price (d) MVn=TVn−TVn−1

5.

AiÀiÁªÁUÀ ¥Àj«ÄvÀ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀÄÄ ±ÀÆ£ÀåªÁzÁUÀ :

(a)

MlÄÖ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀÄÄ ºÉZÁÑUÀ®Ä ¥ÁægÀA©ü¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ

(b)

MlÄÖ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀÄÄ PÀrªÉÄAiÀiÁUÀ®Ä ¥ÁægÀA©ü¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ

(c)

MlÄÖ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀÄÄ PÀ¤µÀÖªÀ£ÀÄß vÀ®Ä¥ÀÄvÀÛzÉ

(d)

MlÄÖ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀÄÄ UÀjµÀתÀ£ÀÄß vÀ®Ä¥ÀÄvÀÛzÉ

When marginal utility becomes Zero : (a) The total utility starts increasing (b) The total utility starts decreasing (c) The total utility reaches the minimum (d) The total utility reaches the maximum

6.

¨ÉÃrPÉAiÀÄ°è ºÉZÀѼÀªÀÅ EzÀjAzÀ vÉÆÃj¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ :

(a)

¨ÉÃrPÉ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ ªÉÄÃ¯É UÀjµÀ× ©AzÀÄ

(b)

¨ÉÃrPÉ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ ªÉÄÃ¯É PÀ¤µÀÖ ©AzÀÄ

(c)

¨ÉÃrPÉ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉAiÀÄ ªÀUÁðªÀuÉ

(d)

CzÉà ¨ÉÃrPÉ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉAiÉÆA¢UÉ ZÀ®£É

Increase in demand is shown by :

(a) The highest point on the demand curve (b) The lowest point on the demand curve (c) Shifts of the demand curve

(d) Movement along the same demand curve

7.

AiÀiÁªÁUÀ ¨ÉÃrPÉAiÀÄ CqÀØ ¹Üw¸ÁÜ¥ÀPÀvÀéªÀÅ IÄuÁvÀäPÀ :

(a) X

ªÀÄvÀÄÛ

¸ÀgÀPÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ §zÀ°UÀ¼ÀÄ

(b) X

ªÀÄvÀÄÛ

¸ÀgÀPÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥Àj¥ÀÆtð §zÀ°UÀ¼ÀÄ

(c) X

ªÀÄvÀÄÛ

¸ÀgÀPÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀA§A¢ü¸ÀĪÀÅ¢®è

(d) X

ªÀÄvÀÄÛ

¸ÀgÀPÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥ÀÆgÀPÀ

When cross elasticity of demand is negative : (a) X and Y goods are substitutes

(b) X and Y goods are perfect substitutes (c) X and Y goods are not related

(d) X and Y goods are complementary

8.

¸ÀªÀÄvÉÆî£ÀzÀ ©AzÀÄ«£À°è

ºÀAvÀzÀ°è :

(a)

PÉêÀ® MAzÀÄ ¨É¯É £ÀqÉAiÀÄÄvÀÛzÉ

(b)

¥ÀæªÀiÁt ¨ÉÃrPÉ

¥ÀæªÀiÁt ¥ÀÆgÉÊPÉ

(c)

¨ÉÃrPÉ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉAiÀÄÄ ¥ÀÆgÉÊPÉ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß bÉâü¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ

(d)

ªÉÄð£À J®èªÀÇ

At the point of equilibrium : (a) Only one price prevails

(b) Quantity demanded=Quantity supplied (c) The demand curve intersects the supply curve (d) All the above

9.

GvÁàzÀ£É JAzÀgÉ :

(a)

«¤ªÀÄAiÀÄ ªÀiË®å

vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£À

(c)

G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀÄ £Á±À

G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀÄ gÀZÀ£É

Production refers to :

(a) Exchange value (b) Technology

(c) Destruction of utility (d) Creation of utility

10.

M§â AiÀıÀ¹é ªÁtÂeÉÆåÃzÀå«Ä JAzÀgÉ, AiÀiÁgÀÄ :

(a)

««zsÀ ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃd£ÉAiÀÄ GvÁàzÀ£Á CA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤zsÀðj¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É

(b)

PÀrªÉÄ ªÉÃvÀ£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß PÉÆqÀÄvÁÛ£É

(c)

£Á«Ã£ÀåvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¹éÃPÀj¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É

(d)

C¥ÁAiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÀ¦à¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É

A successful entrepreneur is one who :

(a) Decides different combinations of factors of production (b) Pays the lowest wage

(c) Accepts innovations (d) Avoids risks

11.

¸ÀgÁ¸Àj ¹ÜgÀ ªÉZÀѪÀ£ÀÄß EzÀ£ÀÄß ¨sÁV¹zÁUÀ ¥ÀqÉAiÀħºÀÄzÀÄ :

(a) TVC/Q (b) AC/Q (c) TC/Q (d) TFC/Q

Average fixed cost is obtained by dividing :

(a) TVC/Q (b) AC/Q (c) TC/Q (d) TFC/Q

12. __________

£ÀÄß AiÉÆÃd£Á ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀįÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

(a)

¢ÃWÁðªÀ¢ü ¸ÀgÁ¸Àj ªÉZÀÑ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ

C¯ÁàªÀ¢ü ¸ÀgÁ¸Àj ªÉZÀÑ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ

(c)

¸ÀgÁ¸Àj ªÉZÀÑ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ

ªÀiÁfð£À¯ï ªÉZÀÑ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ

__________ is called the planning curve.

(a) Long run average cost curve (b) Short run average cost curve (c) Average cost curve (d) Marginal cost curve

13.

MAzÀÄ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄÄ ¸ÀªÀÄvÉÆî£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¸Á¢ü¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ AiÀiÁªÁUÀ CzÀgÀ :

(a) MR=AR (b) MR=AC (c) MC=MR (d) MC=AC

A firm can achieve equilibrium when its :

(a) MR=AR (b) MR=AC (c) MC=MR (d) MC=AC

14.

¥Àj¥ÀÆtð ¥ÉÊ¥ÉÆÃnAiÀÄ°è, ¨ÉÃrPÉ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉAiÀÄÄ :

(a)

PɼÀªÀÄÄRªÁV E½eÁgÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ

®A§ªÁV

(c)

ªÉÄîÄäRªÁV E½eÁgÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ

¸ÀªÀÄvÀ®

Under perfect competition, the demand curve is :

(a) Downward sloping (b) Vertical

(c) Upward sloping (d) Horizontal

15.

GvÀà£Àß «©ü£ÀßvÉAiÀÄÄ EzÀgÀ ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR UÀÄt®PÀëtªÀÅ :

(a)

KPÀ¸ÁéªÀÄåªÁzÀzÀ ¥ÉÊ¥ÉÆÃn

¢é¸ÁéªÀÄå

(c)

¥Àj¥ÀÆtð ¥ÉÊ¥ÉÆÃn

KPÀ¸ÁéªÀÄå

Product differentiation is the salient feature of :

(a) Monopolistic competition (b) Duopoly (c) Perfect competition (d) Monopoly

16.

ªÀiÁåPÉÆæ EPÁ£Á«ÄPïì£À PÉÃAzÀæ ¸ÀªÀĸÉåAiÀÄÄ :

(a)

§rØ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÀt

(b)

ºÀtPÁ¸ÀÄ ¤Ãw ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DyðPÀ ¤Ãw

(c)

DzÁAiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ GzÉÆåÃUÀ

(d)

¨É¯É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Omï¥ÀÄmï

The central problem of Macro Economics is : (a) Interest and Money

(b) Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy (c) Income and Employment

(d) Price and Output

17.

¸ÀgÀ¼À DzÁAiÀÄ ¤zsÀðjPÉAiÀÄ ¹zÁÞAvÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¸À®Ä, Qãïì G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¹zÀÄÝ

(a)

GvÁàzÀ£É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ RZÀÄð

(b)

ªÀÄ°Ö¥ÉèöÊAiÀÄgï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉÃUÀªÀzsÀðPÀ

(c)

§¼ÀPÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÀÆrPÉ

(d)

MlÄÖ ¨ÉÃrPÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ MlÄÖ ¥ÀÆgÉÊPÉ

To explain the simple theory of income determination, Keynes used __________.

(a) Production and Expenditure (b) Multiplier and accelerator (c) Consumption and investment

(d) Aggregate demand and aggregate supply

18.

§¼ÀPÉ PÁAiÀÄðªÀÅ

ªÀÄvÀÄÛ

£ÀqÀÄ«£À ¸ÀA§AzsÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

(a)

DzÁAiÀÄ, G½vÁAiÀÄ

RZÀÄð, ºÀÆrPÉ

(c)

§¼ÀPÉ, DzÁAiÀÄ

RZÀÄð, G½vÁAiÀÄ

Consumption function explains the relationship between _________ and _________.

(a) Income, Savings (b) Expenditure, Investment (c) Consumption, Income (d) Expenditure, Savings

19.

ºÀtPÁ¸ÀÄ ¤ÃwAiÀÄÄ EzÀjAzÀ ¤AiÀÄAwæ¸À®àqÀÄvÀÛzÉ :

(a)

PÉÃAzÀæ ¨ÁåAPï

SÁ¸ÀV ªÀ®AiÀÄ

(c)

PÉÃAzÀæ ¸ÀgÀPÁgÀ

gÁdå ¸ÀgÀPÁgÀ

Monetary policy is controlled by :

(a) Central Bank (b) Private Sector

(c) Central Government (d) State Government

20.

±ÀÆ£Àå DzsÁjvÀ §eÉmï£À°è ¥Àæw ªÀµÀðªÀ£ÀÄß »ÃUÉAzÀÄ ¥ÀjUÀt¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ :

(a)

ºÉƸÀ ªÀµÀð

±ÉÊPÀëtÂPÀ ªÀµÀð

(c)

ªÀÄÆ® ªÀµÀð

ºÀtPÁ¸ÀÄ ªÀµÀð

In zero based budget every year is considered as a :

(a) New year (b) Academic year

(c) Base year (d) Financial year

¨sÁUÀ &

AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ K¼ÀÄ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß GvÀÛj¹ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥Àæ±Éß ¸ÀASÉå

PÀqÁØAiÀĪÁVzÉ.

Answer any seven questions and question number 30 is compulsory.

21.

D¯Éáçqï ªÀiÁµÀð¯ï£À DyðPÀvÉAiÀÄ ªÁåSÁå£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß w½¹.

State Alfred Marshall’s definition of Economics.

22.

§AiÀÄPÉUÀ¼À PÁgÀtUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ?

What are the causes of wants ?

23.

¨ÉÃrPÉAiÀÄ ¹Üw¸ÁÜ¥ÀPÀvÀézÀ «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ?

What are the types of elasticity of demand ?

24.

¨ÉæÃPï FªÀ£ï ¥Á¬ÄAmï JAzÀgÉãÀÄ ?

What is break even point ?

25.

¨É¯É vÁgÀvÀªÀÄåzÀ JgÀqÀÄ ¥Àj¹ÜwUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ?

What are the two conditions for price discrimination ?

7x2=14

26.

ªÀUÁðªÀuÉ UÀ½PÉUÀ¼ÀÄ JAzÀgÉãÀÄ ?

What is transfer earnings ?

27.

PÁé¹-¨ÁrUÉ JAzÀgÉãÀÄ ?

What is quasi-rent ?

28.

ªÀiÁfð£À¯ï ¥ÉÆæ¥É£ï¹n lÄ PÀ£À¸ÀÄåªÀiï (§¼ÀPÉUÉ PÀ¤µÀÖ M®ªÀÅ) £À ¸ÀÆvÀæ PÉÆr.

Give the formula for Marginal Propensity to Consume.

29.

¥ÀjªÀiÁuÁvÀäPÀ PÉærmï ¤AiÀÄAvÀætzÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ?

What are the instruments of quantitative credit control ?

30.

¥ÉÆæ. ¸É°UïªÀiÁå£ï£À ¥ÀæPÁgÀ vÉjUÉAiÀÄ ªÁåSÁå£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß w½¹.

State the Definition of a tax According to Prof. Seligman.

¨sÁUÀ &

AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ K¼ÀÄ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß GvÀÛj¹ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥Àæ±Éß ¸ÀASÉå

PÀqÁØAiÀĪÁVzÉ.

Answer any seven questions and question number 40 is compulsory.

31.

DqÀªÀiï ¹ävï£À ªÉ¯ïÛ ªÁåSÁå£ÀzÀ «gÀÄzÀÞzÀ nÃPÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥Àj²Ã°¹.

Examine the criticisms against Adam Smith’s wealth definition.

32.

«Ä±Àæ DyðPÀvÉAiÀÄ C£ÀÄPÀÆ®UÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

Explain the merits of a mixed economy.

33.

GvÁàzÀ£Á ¸ÁzsÀåvÁ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ K£À£ÀÄß ¸ÀÆa¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ ?

What does a production possibility curve refer ?

7x3=21

34.

V¥sÉ£ï ¥ÁågÁqÉÆPÀì£À §UÉÎ ®WÀÄ n¥Ààt §gɬÄj.

Write a short-note on Giffen Paradox.

35.

ªÀiÁgÀÄPÀmÉÖ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ°è ¸ÀªÀÄvÉÆî£À ¨É¯ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉÃUÉ ¤zsÀðj¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ ?

How is equilibrium price determined in the market period ?

36.

ªÁå¥ÁgÀ¸ÀÜ£À PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ?

What are the functions of entrepreneur ?

37.

KPÀ¸ÁéªÀÄåªÀ£ÀÄß ¤AiÀÄAwæ¸ÀĪÀ «zsÁ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ?

What are the methods of controlling monopoly ?

38.

ºÀAZÀÄ«PÉAiÀÄ ªÀiÁfð£À¯ï ¥ÉÆæqÀQÖ«n yAiÀÄjAiÀÄ «ÄwUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ?

What are the limitations of Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution ?

39.

PÉãïì£À ¹zÁÞAvÀzÀ ¹A¥À¯ï E£ÀPÀA rl«Äð£ÉñÀ£ï£À HºÉUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ?

What are the assumptions of Keynesian theory of Simple Income Determination ?

40.

¨Álðgï ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ vÉÆAzÀgÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

Explain the difficulties of barter system.

¨sÁUÀ &

J¯Áè ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß GvÀÛj¹.

Answer all the questions.

41. (a)

¸ÀªÀiÁdªÁzÀzÀ ªÉʲµÀÖöåUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ £Á®ÄÌ C£ÀÄPÀÆ®UÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

CxÀªÁ

(b)

r«Ä¤²AUï ªÀiÁfð£À¯ï AiÀÄÄn°nAiÀÄ ¤AiÀĪÀĪÀ£ÀÄß avÀæzÉÆA¢UÉ «ªÀj¹.

(a) Explain the features and any four merits of socialism.

OR

(b) Describe the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility with a diagram.

42. (a)

C£ÁzÀgÀ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ «±ÉèõÀuÉAiÀÄ HºÉUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ? C£ÁzÀgÀ ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ C¥ÉÆæÃZï G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¹ UÁæºÀPÀgÀ ¸ÀªÀÄvÉÆî£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

CxÀªÁ

(b)

¨ÉÃrPÉAiÀÄ ¨É¯É ¹Üw¸ÁÜ¥ÀPÀvÀé ªÀiÁ¥À£ÀzÀ ¥Á¬ÄAmï «zsÁ£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß «¸ÁÛgÀªÁV «ªÀj¹.

(a) What are the assumptions of indifference curve analysis ? Explain consumer’s equilibrium using indifference curve approach.

OR

(b) Explain the point method of measurement of price elasticity of demand in detail.

43. (a)

¨ÉÃrPÉAiÀÄ ¤AiÀĪÀĪÀ£ÀÄß w½¹. ¨ÉÃrPÉ ¤AiÀĪÀÄzÀ C¥ÀªÁzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀŪÀÅ ? CxÀªÁ

(b)

¸ÀªÀÄvÉÆî£À ¨É¯ÉAiÀÄ ¤zsÀðjPÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß avÀæzÉÆA¢UÉ «ªÀj¹.

(a) State the law of demand. What are the exceptions to the law of demand ? OR

(b) Explain the determination of equilibrium price with a diagram.

44. (a)

L¸ÉÆÃPÁéAmïì JAzÀgÉãÀÄ ? CªÀÅUÀ¼À UÀÄt®PÀëtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

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(b)

¸ÀA¸ÉÜAiÀÄÄ C£ÀĨsÀ«¸ÀĪÀ ºÀ®ªÀÅ ªÉZÀÑUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

(a) What are isoquants ? Describe their characteristics.

OR (b) Explain various costs incurred by a firm.

45. (a)

¥Àj¥ÀÆtð ¥ÉÊ¥ÉÆÃnAiÀÄ CrAiÀÄ°è C¯ÁàªÀ¢üAiÀÄ°è ¨É¯É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Omï¥ÀÄl£ÀÄß ºÉÃUÉ

¤zsÀðj¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ ?

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(b)

KPÀ¸ÁéªÀÄå ¥ÉÊ¥ÉÆÃnAiÀÄ CrAiÀÄ°è ¨É¯É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Omï¥ÀÄmï ¤zsÀðj¸ÀÄ«PÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

(a) How is price and output determined in the short-run under perfect competition ?

OR

(b) Explain the price and output determination under monopolistic competition.

46. (a)

jPÁrðAiÀÄ£ï£À ¨ÁrUÉAiÀÄ ¤AiÀĪÀĪÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀjÃQë¹.

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(b)

eÉ.©. ¸Éà AiÀĪÀgÀ ªÀiÁgÀÄPÀmÉÖUÀ¼À ¤AiÀĪÀĪÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀıÁðvÀäPÀªÁV ¥ÀjÃQë¹.

(a) Examine Ricardian theory of RENT.

OR (b) Critically examine J.B. Say’s Law of Markets.

47. (a)

ºÀtzÀ ¥ÀæªÀiÁt (PÁéAnn) ¹zÁÞAvÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

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(b)

DyðPÀ ¤ÃwAiÀÄ(¦ü¸ÀÌ¯ï ¥ÉÆ°¹) AiÀĪÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ LzÀÄ GzÉÝñÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

(a) Describe the quantity theory of money.

OR

(b) Explain any five of the objectives of fiscal policy.

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