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SCERT TELANGANA

‘yc^yV H$V©ì`

‘yc^yV H$V©ì` ‘yc^yV H$V©ì`

‘yc^yV H$V©ì` ‘yc^yV H$V©ì`o

àË`oH$ ZmJ[aH$mZo

1) amÁ`KQ>Zm, amï´>ÜdO amï´>JrV `m§Mm AmXa amIUo.

2) ñdV§Ì cT>çmVrc CXmÎm AmXem©Mo OVZ Am{U nmbZ H$aUo.

3) ^maVmMo gmd©^m¡‘Ëd, EH$Vm d EH$mË‘Vm `m§Mm gÝ‘mZ d g§ajU H$aUo.

4) XoemMo g§ajU H$aVmZm JaO nS>ë`mg Xoegodog dmhÿZ KoUo.

5) dJ© a{hV d ^oXa{hV ^maV {Z‘m©U H$aUo, {ó`m§Zm à{Vð>m àmá H$ê$Z XoUo.

6) amï´>m§Mr g§ñH¥$Vr d Jm¡adembr na§naoMo OVZ H$aUo.

7) Z¡g{J©H$ g§nÎmrMo ajU,d g§dY©Z H$aUo gOrd àm{U‘mÌmda ào‘

H$aUo.

8) d¡km{ZH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ, ‘mZdVm dma,kmZmO©Z `m§Mr OmonmgZm H$aUo.

9) gmd©O{ZH$ ‘mc‘ÎmoMo ajU H$aUo d qhgmMmamg à{V~§Y H$aUo.

10) amï´>mÀ`m CÎmamoÎma àJVrgmR>r ì`{º$JV, gm‘wXm{`H$ CËH$f©

gmYUo.

11) 6 Vo 14 d`moJQ>mVrb àË`oH$mbm nmbH$ VWm g§ajH$m§Zr àmW{‘H$

{ejU ho gº$sZo {Xbo nm{hOo

^maVmMr KQ>Zm ^mJ ^IVA (H$b_51^A)

{ejU hŠH$mMm H$m`Xm

6 Vo 14 d`moJQ>mVrc gdmªZm àmW{_H$ {ejU H$m`ÚmZo gŠVrMo H$aÊ`mV Amco Amho. hm H$m`Xm {ejU hŠH$ H$m`Xm åhUyZ 1 E{àc 2012 nmgyZ cmJy H$aÊ`mV Amcm Amho. `m H$m`ÚmVrc VaVwXr Aem -

v gd© _wcm_wctgmR>r emim§Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aUo.

v gd© emim§Zm gd© àH$maÀ`m _yc^yV gw{dYm nwa{dUo.

v _wcm§À`m d`moJQ>mZwgma dJm©V àdoe Úmdm.

v d`moJQ>mZwgma àdoe {Xë`mZ§Va dJm©Vrc gh{dÚmÏ`mª~amo~a e¡j{UH$

nmVir dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r {deof dJ© KoÊ`mV `mdo.

v àdoemgmR>r H$moUË`mhr nyd©narjm KoD$ Z`o, H$moUVohr ewëH$ dgyc H$ê$ Z`o.

v àdoe {Xë`mZ§Va H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo, Ë`mM dJm©V R>odUo Ago H$ê$ Z`o.

v _wcm§Zm emar[aH$, _mZ{gH$ VgoM BVa H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm Ìmg XoD$ Z`o.

v d`, e¡j{UH$ nmÌVm AmXr XmIco Zgë`mÀ`m H$maUmdê$Z àdoe ZmH$mê$

Z`o.

v Ah©VmàmßV C_oXdmam§ZmM {ejH$ åhUyZ Zo_UyH$ Úmdr.

v {ZX}{eV H$m¡eë`mÀ`m AmYmaoM emco` Aä`mg, _yë`m§H$Z ìhmdo.

v àmW{_H$ {ejU nyU© hmoB©n`ªV Ë`m H$mimV H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr ~moS>© narjm KoD$ Z`o.

v 14 df© d` Agco Varhr àmW{_H$ {ejU nyU© hmoB©n`ªV _wcm§Zm emioVM amhÿ Úmdo.

v Jar~, BVa gm_m{OH$ dJm©Vrc {dÚmÏ`mªàVr H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm XþOm^md XmIdy Z`o.

v amÁ` KQ>ZoÀ`m _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdmà_mUo {dÚmÏ`mªZm {^Vr, Ìmg Z XoVm Ë`m§À`m gd©Vmo_wIr {dH$mgmgmR>r à`ËZ H$amdm.

SCERT TELANGANA

I Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20

gm_m{OH$ AÜ``Z

B`Îmm ghmdr

g§nmXH$

g§nmXH$

g§nmXH$

g§nmXH$

g§nmXH$

nmR>çnwñVH$ {dH$mg g{_Vr nmR>çnwñVH$ {dH$mg g{_VrnmR>çnwñVH$ {dH$mg g{_Vr nmR>çnwñVH$ {dH$mg g{_Vr nmR>çnwñVH$ {dH$mg g{_Vr

H$m`ÚmMm AmXa H$am e¡j{UH$ CÝZVr gmYm

hŠH$ {_idm ào_mZo dmJm

Voc§JmZm gaH$maMo àH$meZ, h¡Xam~mX Voc§JmZm gaH$maMo àH$meZ, h¡Xam~mX Voc§JmZm gaH$maMo àH$meZ, h¡Xam~mX Voc§JmZm gaH$maMo àH$meZ, h¡Xam~mX Voc§JmZm gaH$maMo àH$meZ, h¡Xam~mX

lr. gr.EZ. gw~«_Ê`_

lr. gr.EZ. gw~«_Ê`_

lr. gr.EZ. gw~«_Ê`_

lr. gr.EZ. gw~«_Ê`_

lr. gr.EZ. gw~«_Ê`_, EH$cì`, _.à.

àmo. Am`. cú_r àmo. Am`. cú_r àmo. Am`. cú_r àmo. Am`. cú_r

àmo. Am`. cú_r, B{Vhmg {d^mJ Cñ_m{Z`m {dÚmnrR>, h¡Xam~mX àmo.E_. H$moX§S>am_

àmo.E_. H$moX§S>am_

àmo.E_. H$moX§S>am_

àmo.E_. H$moX§S>am_

àmo.E_. H$moX§S>am_, amÁ`emó {d^mJ nr.Or. H$m°coO, qgH$Ðm~mX, h¡Ðm~mX àmo.Ho$. {dO`m ~m~w

àmo.Ho$. {dO`m ~m~w àmo.Ho$. {dO`m ~m~w

àmo.Ho$. {dO`m ~m~w àmo.Ho$. {dO`m ~m~w , B{Vhmg {d^mJ H$mH$m{V`m {díd{dÚmc`, da§Jc S>m°. E_. ìhr. lr{ZdmgZ S>m°. E_. ìhr. lr{ZdmgZ S>m°. E_. ìhr. lr{ZdmgZ S>m°. E_. ìhr. lr{ZdmgZ

S>m°. E_. ìhr. lr{ZdmgZ, g. àmo.

S>rB©EgEgEM, EZgrBAmaQ>r, Zdr {X„r S>m°. E_. ìhr. Eg. ìhr. àgmX S>m°. E_. ìhr. Eg. ìhr. àgmX S>m°. E_. ìhr. Eg. ìhr. àgmX S>m°. E_. ìhr. Eg. ìhr. àgmX

S>m°. E_. ìhr. Eg. ìhr. àgmX, g.àmo.

S>rB©EgEgEM, EZgrBAmaQ>r, Zdr {X„r S>m°. gr. X`mH$a aoÈ>r

S>m°. gr. X`mH$a aoÈ>r S>m°. gr. X`mH$a aoÈ>r S>m°. gr. X`mH$a aoÈ>r S>m°. gr. X`mH$a aoÈ>r, g. àmo {dÚmnrR> _{hcm _hm{dÚmc`

H$moQ>r, h¡Xam~mX àmo. Or. Am|H$maZmW àmo. Or. Am|H$maZmWàmo. Or. Am|H$maZmW

àmo. Or. Am|H$maZmWàmo. Or. Am|H$maZmW, AW©emñÌ {d^mJ, h¡Xam~mX {dÚmnrR>, h¡Xam~mX

àmo. Eg. nÙOm àmo. Eg. nÙOm àmo. Eg. nÙOm àmo. Eg. nÙOm

àmo. Eg. nÙOm, ^yJmoc {d^mJ, Cñ_m{Z`m {dÚmnrR>, h¡Xam~mX àmo. Eo. gË`ZmamUm ({Zd¥Îm) àmo. Eo. gË`ZmamUm ({Zd¥Îm) àmo. Eo. gË`ZmamUm ({Zd¥Îm) àmo. Eo. gË`ZmamUm ({Zd¥Îm)

àmo. Eo. gË`ZmamUm ({Zd¥Îm)B{Vhmg {d^mJ Cñ_m{Z`m {díd{dÚmc`, h¡Ðm~mX S>m°. Ho$.Ho$. H¡$cme

S>m°. Ho$.Ho$. H¡$cmeS>m°. Ho$.Ho$. H¡$cme S>m°. Ho$.Ho$. H¡$cme

S>m°. Ho$.Ho$. H¡$cme, amOemó {d^mJ EMgr`w, h¡Ðm~mX

S>m°. Ho$. Zmam`Um aoÈ>r S>m°. Ho$. Zmam`Um aoÈ>rS>m°. Ho$. Zmam`Um aoÈ>r

S>m°. Ho$. Zmam`Um aoÈ>rS>m°. Ho$. Zmam`Um aoÈ>r, ^yJmoc {d^mJ, Cñ_m{Z`m {dÚmnrR> h¡Xam~mX lr.am__wVu e_m©

lr.am__wVu e_m©lr.am__wVu e_m©

lr.am__wVu e_m©

lr.am__wVu e_m©, {eúmU {d^mJ n§Om~ gaH$ma

lr Ho$. gwaoe lr Ho$. gwaoelr Ho$. gwaoe lr Ho$. gwaoe lr Ho$. gwaoe _§Mr nwñVH$_, h¡Xam~mX

lr am__yVu e_m©

lr am__yVu e_m©

lr am__yVu e_m©

lr am__yVu e_m©

lr am__yVu e_m©

{ejU {d^mJ, n§Om~ gaH$ma lr AcoŠg E_. Om°O©

lr AcoŠg E_. Om°O©lr AcoŠg E_. Om°O©

lr AcoŠg E_. Om°O©

lr AcoŠg E_. Om°O©

EH$cì`, _.à.

lr‘Vr ~r.eofwHw$‘mar lr‘Vr ~r.eofwHw$‘mar lr‘Vr ~r.eofwHw$‘mar lr‘Vr ~r.eofwHw$‘mar

lr‘Vr ~r.eofwHw$‘mar g§MmcH$, Eg.gr.B©.Ama.Q>r.,

h¡Xam~mX

lr ~r. gwYmH$a lr ~r. gwYmH$a lr ~r. gwYmH$a lr ~r. gwYmH$a

lr ~r. gwYmH$a, g§MmcH$, emgH$s` nwñVH$ _wÐUmc`

h¡Xam~mX

S>m°. lr. EZ. Cn|Ð aoÈ>r S>m°. lr. EZ. Cn|Ð aoÈ>r S>m°. lr. EZ. Cn|Ð aoÈ>r S>m°. lr. EZ. Cn|Ð aoÈ>r S>m°. lr. EZ. Cn|Ð aoÈ>r, àmo. gr.A°ÊS> Q>r {d^mJà_wI Eg.gr.B©.Ama.Q>r., h¡Xam~mX Social Studies Class-VI (Marathi Medium)

lr Ho$. H¥$îUm _mohZ amd lr Ho$. H¥$îUm _mohZ amdlr Ho$. H¥$îUm _mohZ amd lr Ho$. H¥$îUm _mohZ amd

lr Ho$. H¥$îUm _mohZ amd, àmoàoga Eg.gr.B©.Ama.Q>r.,

h¡Xam~mX

SCERT TELANGANA

© Government of Telangana, Hyderabad.

First Published 2012

New Impressions 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017,2018,2019

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the sub- sequent purchaser.

The copy right holder of this book is the Director of School Education, Hyderabad, Telangana.

We have used some photographs which are under creative common licence. They are acknowledged at the end of the book.

This Book has been printed on 70 G.S.M. Maplitho Title Page 200 G.S.M. White Art Card

Printed in India

at M/s. Sreenidhi Printers, Medchal, Hyderabad for the Telangana Govt. Text Book Press,

Mint Compound, Hyderabad, Telangana.

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU

SCERT TELANGANA

III Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20

S>m°. Ho$. cú_maoÈ>r S>m°. Ho$. cú_maoÈ>rS>m°. Ho$. cú_maoÈ>r S>m°. Ho$. cú_maoÈ>r

S>m°. Ho$. cú_maoÈ>r, d[að> àmÜ`mnH$, S>rAm`BQ>r, H$ar_ZJa lr. E_. Zaqgåhm aoÈ>r

lr. E_. Zaqgåhm aoÈ>rlr. E_. Zaqgåhm aoÈ>r lr. E_. Zaqgåhm aoÈ>r

lr. E_. Zaqgåhm aoÈ>r, OrEME_PoS>nrEMEg, noÔmO§J_n„r, dm`EgAma H$S>ßnm lr. Ho$. cú_rZmam`Um

lr. Ho$. cú_rZmam`Umlr. Ho$. cú_rZmam`Um lr. Ho$. cú_rZmam`Um

lr. Ho$. cú_rZmam`Um, àmÜ`mnH$, S>rAm`BQ>r, H¥$îUm lr. Ho$. gw~«÷Ê`_

lr. Ho$. gw~«÷Ê`_lr. Ho$. gw~«÷Ê`_

lr. Ho$. gw~«÷Ê`_

lr. Ho$. gw~«÷Ê`_, àmÜ`mnH$, S>rAm`BQ>r, H$Zw©c lr. E_. nmnæ`m

lr. E_. nmnæ`mlr. E_. nmnæ`m lr. E_. nmnæ`m

lr. E_. nmnæ`m, àmÜ`mnH$, Eg.gr.B.Ama.Q>r., Am§.à. h¡Xam~mX lr_Vr Q>r. Eg. _„oídar

lr_Vr Q>r. Eg. _„oídarlr_Vr Q>r. Eg. _„oídar lr_Vr Q>r. Eg. _„oídar

lr_Vr Q>r. Eg. _„oídar, àmÜ`mnH$, EgAm`BQ>r, Am§.à. h¡Xam~mX.

lr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amd lr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amdlr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amd lr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amd

lr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amd, Eg.E, E_.nr., `y.nr.emim, nr.Ama.n„r, lrH$mHw$c_

lr. `y. AmZ§XHw$_ma lr. `y. AmZ§XHw$_malr. `y. AmZ§XHw$_ma lr. `y. AmZ§XHw$_ma

lr. `y. AmZ§XHw$_ma, Eg.E., PoS>. nr. EM.Eg., nWmncd§Mm, Iå__

lr. ~r. lr{Zdmgy lr. ~r. lr{Zdmgylr. ~r. lr{Zdmgy lr. ~r. lr{Zdmgy

lr. ~r. lr{Zdmgy, Eg.E., PoS>. nr. EM.Eg., gmdoc, {ZOm_m~mX lr eoI aoh_Vw„m

lr eoI aoh_Vw„mlr eoI aoh_Vw„m lr eoI aoh_Vw„m

lr eoI aoh_Vw„m, Eg.E. PoS>.nr.EM.Eg. ^mH«$mnoQ>m, dm`EgAma H$S>ßnm.

lr. grEM. amYmH¥$îUm lr. grEM. amYmH¥$îUmlr. grEM. amYmH¥$îUm lr. grEM. amYmH¥$îUm

lr. grEM. amYmH¥$îUm, Eg.E.PoS>.nr.EM.Eg., d|H$Q>mnya_, lrH$mHw$c_

lr_Vr ~r. gacm lr_Vr ~r. gacmlr_Vr ~r. gacm lr_Vr ~r. gacm

lr_Vr ~r. gacm, Eg.E.PoS>.nr.EM.Eg., B§XþHy$énoQ>, nr.Eg.Ama.Zo„ya lr. ~r. e§H$aamd

lr. ~r. e§H$aamdlr. ~r. e§H$aamd lr. ~r. e§H$aamd

lr. ~r. e§H$aamd, Eg.E.PoS>.nr.EM.Eg., Xodwn„r, {dPtJ«m_

coIH$

coIH$coIH$

coIH$

coIH$

g_Ýd`H$ … lr. ~r.Ama.OJXrída Jm¡S>lr. ~r.Ama.OJXrída Jm¡S>lr. ~r.Ama.OJXrída Jm¡S>,E_.Eg²gr.,E_.ES²>., àmMm`©, emgH$s` AÜ`mnH$ {dÚmc`,Am{Xcm~mXlr. ~r.Ama.OJXrída Jm¡S>lr. ~r.Ama.OJXrída Jm¡S>

gh g_Ýd`H$ lr. Ho$. {H$aU Hw$_ma, lr. Ho$. {H$aU Hw$_ma, lr. Ho$. {H$aU Hw$_ma, lr. Ho$. {H$aU Hw$_ma, (B©EcQ>rgr), emgH$s` AÜ`mnH$ {dÚmc`, Am{Xcm~mXlr. Ho$. {H$aU Hw$_ma, gh g_Ýd`H$ … lr. ~r. amOoídalr. ~r. amOoídalr. ~r. amOoídalr. ~r. amOoída, E_.E., E_.ES>., emgH$s` AÜ`mnH$ {dÚmc`, Am{Xcm~mXlr. ~r. amOoída AZwdmXH$ … lr. {edmOr H$X_lr. {edmOr H$X_lr. {edmOr H$X_, Eg.E., PoS>.nr.EM.Eg., ~ocm, {O. Am{Xcm~mXlr. {edmOr H$X_lr. {edmOr H$X_

AZwdmXH$ … lr. gmoZoamd gmoZH$m§~iolr. gmoZoamd gmoZH$m§~iolr. gmoZoamd gmoZH$m§~io, Eg.E., PoS>.nr.EM.Eg., ~ocm, {O. Am{Xcm~mXlr. gmoZoamd gmoZH$m§~iolr. gmoZoamd gmoZH$m§~io AjaOwiUr … lr. amOoe XmZH$m,lr. amOoe XmZH$m,lr. amOoe XmZH$m,lr. amOoe XmZH$m, g§JUH$ MmcH$ (Am{X˶m {S>.Q>r.nr. goÝQ>a Am{Xcm~mX)lr. amOoe XmZH$m,

_amR>r AZwdmXmgmR>r _amR>r AZwdmXmgmR>r _amR>r AZwdmXmgmR>r _amR>r AZwdmXmgmR>r _amR>r AZwdmXmgmR>r

lr. Hw$ao„m lr{Zdmg>

lr. Hw$ao„m lr{Zdmg>lr. Hw$ao„m lr{Zdmg>

lr. Hw$ao„m lr{Zdmg>

lr. Hw$ao„m lr{Zdmg>, Eg.E. PoS>.nr.EM.Eg., nmoM_n„r, ZcJm|S>m lr. ~r. {H$emoa Hw$_ma

lr. ~r. {H$emoa Hw$_malr. ~r. {H$emoa Hw$_ma lr. ~r. {H$emoa Hw$_ma

lr. ~r. {H$emoa Hw$_ma, Eg.Or.Q>r., E_.nr.`y.nr.Eg., Acdc, AZw_wcm, ZcJm|S>m aoImQ>Z

aoImQ>ZaoImQ>Z aoImQ>ZaoImQ>Z lr. _mohZ aoÈ>r

lr. _mohZ aoÈ>rlr. _mohZ aoÈ>r lr. _mohZ aoÈ>r

lr. _mohZ aoÈ>r, Eg.E.PoS>.nr.EM.Eg., Xodwn„r, {dPtJ«m_

lr. Oo. amKdwcy lr. Oo. amKdwcylr. Oo. amKdwcy lr. Oo. amKdwcy

lr. Oo. amKdwcy, àmo. Eg.gr.B.Ama.Q>r., Am§.à., h¡Xam~mX lr. E_. nmnæ`m

lr. E_. nmnæ`mlr. E_. nmnæ`m lr. E_. nmnæ`m

lr. E_. nmnæ`m, àmÜ`mnH$, Eg.gr.B.Ama.Q>r., h¡Xam~mX lr. Eg. {dZm`H$

lr. Eg. {dZm`H$lr. Eg. {dZm`H$

lr. Eg. {dZm`H$

lr. Eg. {dZm`H$, g_Ýd`H$, gr. A°ÊS> Q>r. {d^mJ, Eg.gr.B.Ama.Q>r., h¡Xam~mX lr. E_. Za{gåhm aoÈ>r

lr. E_. Za{gåhm aoÈ>rlr. E_. Za{gåhm aoÈ>r lr. E_. Za{gåhm aoÈ>r

lr. E_. Za{gåhm aoÈ>r, Or.EM.E_., Po.nr. EM.Eg., noÔmO§J§_n„r, dm`EgAma H$S>ßnm.

lr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amd lr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amdlr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amd lr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amd

lr H$moardr lr{Zdmgm amd, Eg.E, E_.nr., `y.nr.emim, nr.Ama.n„r, lrH$mHw$c_

g_Ýd`H$

g_Ýd`H$g_Ýd`H$

g_Ýd`H$

g_Ýd`H$

SCERT

TELANGANA

{dÚmÏ`mªZm nÌ {dÚmÏ`mªZm nÌ {dÚmÏ`mªZm nÌ {dÚmÏ`mªZm nÌ {dÚmÏ`mªZm nÌ

{Xdg^a eoVmV H$m~mS>H$ï> H$ê$Z WHy$Z ^mJyZ Kar Amboë`m ‘mÂ`m AmB©Odi OmD$Z ~gbmo AZ²

‘mÂ`m ‘ZmV {dMma Ambm, ‘{hbm§Mo OrdZ {H$Vr H$R>rU Amho ? ‘r Oa KamÀ`m ~mhoa nS>bmo, Va ‘bm AZoH$

àH$maMo bmoH$ ^oQ>Vrb. bmoH$, Oo AZoH$ ^mfm ~mobVmV, Am{U AZoH$ MmbrarVr ~miJVmV ‘mÂ`m ‘ZmV {dMma `oVmo Vo H$moU AgVrb AZ² Ë`m§À`m‘Ü`o {H$Vr {d{dYVm Amho

Am‘Mo eoVH$ar AZ§V AS>MUs¨Zm Vm|S> XooV, XwîH$mimda ‘mV H$arV, AÞYmÝ` {nH${dÊ`mMo H$m‘

H$arV AgVmV Ë`m§Zm Xw:ImV {ZameoV bmoQ>Ê`mMo H$m` H$maU Agob ? Agm ‘r {dMma H$aVmo ‘r Ooìhm-Ooìhm añË`mZo MmbVmo Voìhm ‘bm gw§Xa B‘maVr, ‘moR>m añVm,XoD$io,‘{eXr {XgVmV ‘bm {dMma `oVmo H$m,H$moUr `m§Mr {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br Agob ? {H$Vr IM© Ho$bm Agob ! ‘bm PmonS>nQ²>Q>çmhr {XgVmV Ë`m§Mo XwX£d nmhÿZ ‘bm dmQ>Vo H$s, `m gw§Xa B‘maVr `m§À`mgmR>r ZmhrV H$m?

‘moR>r ‘mUg§ Zoh‘r {ZdS>UwH$m Am{U ‘VXmZm{df`r MMm© H$aVmV AmnU `mo½` bmoH$m§Zm {ZdSy>Z {Xbo nm{hOo ¶mo½¶ bmoH$m§Zr amÁ` Ho$bo nm{hOo ‘bm {dMma nS>Vmo AmnUmda H$moU d H$go amÁ` H$aVmo ‘mPo AmOr- AmOmo~m ‘bm amOm-amUr VWm Xod d g§VmÀ`m H$Wm gm§JVmV Ë`mV Xodm§Z§r ,g§Vm§Zr gm‘mÝ` bmoH$m§~amo~a {‘iyZ ghàdmg Ho$bm ‘bm dmQ>Vo ho AmVm IaM eŠ` Amho H$m ?

‘mÂ`mOdi AZoH$ àíZ AmhoV ‘bm dmQ>Vo H$s Hw$UrVar `mMr CÎmao XoB©b H$m ? H$Xm{MV Hw$Umbmhr

`mMr CÎmao ‘mhrV ZgVrb qH$dm Hw$Urhr `m§n¡H$s H$mhr àíZm§Mr CÎmao XoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr H$Xm{MV, ‘bm EH$Q>çmcmM `mMm emoY ¿`mdm bmJob H$gm emoYUma ‘r ?H$moU ‘bm ‘XV H$aUma?

{à` {‘Ìm§Zmo,

Vw‘À`m ‘ZmV {Z‘m©U Pmboë`m H$mhr ‘hÎdmÀ`m àíZm§Mr CÎmao gdmªZmM hdr AmhoV; na§Vw `m gd©

àíZm§Mr CÎmao emoYUo gmono H$m‘ Zmhr qH$dm EH$ {Z{üV Ago CÎma Zmhr dmñVdV: AZoH$ àíZmoÎmao AZoH$OZ AZoH$ nÕVrZo XoVrb åhUyZ g‘ñ`m§Mm Aä`mg Ho$ë`mda Vw‘À`m ñdV:Mr CÎmaohr Agy eH$Vrb gm‘m{OH$

emó AmnU nmhV Agboë`m Aem gd© àíZm§Mr CÎmao, àíZ {dMmê$Z {d{dY nÕVrÛmao XoVmo AZoH$ bmoH$

AZoH$ àíZmMr CÎmao AZoH$ nÕVrZo H$m XoVmV `m§Mo {díbofUhr ho emó H$aVo CXm Vwåhr EImÚmbm {dMmabo H$s emioÀ¶m VwbZog H$m°boOmV ‘wbs¨Mr g§»`m ’$maM WmoS>r H$m ? Va Vwåhm§bm AZoH$m§H$Sy>Z AZoH$ àH$maMr CÎmao {‘iVrb Oa H$m Vwåhr {dMmamb H$s CnZJamgma»`m J{cÀN> dñË`m§Mr ñdÀN>Vm H$m Ho$br OmV Zmhr ? Va `mMohr Vwåhmbm nwÝhm AZoH$m§H$Sy>Z AZoH$ CÎmao {‘iVrb bmoH$ àíZm§Mr CÎmao AZoH$ àH$mao H$m XoVmV!

`mMo CÎma emoYÊ`mMm à`ËZ gm‘m{OH$ emó H$aVo.

gm‘m{OH$ emó EImÚm g‘ñ`o g§~§Yr {Z‘m©U hmoUmè¶m àíZmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo ¶oUmè¶m CÎmamMo g§H$bZ H$aVo Ë`m àíZm§Mm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mMo H$R>rU H$m‘hr H$aVo àíZ H$gm {Z‘m©U Pmbm Ë`mV H$go ~Xb Pmbo ? àíZmMo ñdê$n gd©Ì gmaIoM Amho H$m ? H$s ñWmZnaËdo {^Þ ñdê$n Amho ? CÎmao hr Va AZwf§JmZo ~XbVmV

^yVH$mimV ‘wbrMo à‘mU {H$Vr hmoVo ? OJ^amV Ë`mMm gÚn[apñWVr H$m` Amho ? {ejUmnmgyZ Xya OmÊ`mMo H$maU H$m` ! ‘wbs¨Zm {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV H$aÊ`mV nmbH$m§Mm Odm~ H$m` ! ‘wbrÀ`m {ejUmMo g‘W©Z H$aUmè¶m-`m nmbH$m§Mo ‘V H$m` ? ‘wbr åhUOo H$m` ? {ejH$m§Mo ‘V H$m` ? g‘mOemók `m gd© àíZmMm EH${ÌV Aä`mg H$ê$Z ‘w»` àíZmMo CÎma emoYVmV na§Vw H$moUVmhr g‘mO emó `m àíZmMo A§{V‘ CÎma XoV Zmhr Vo Ho$di Vw‘À`mda Adc§~yZ Amho H$s H$moUVo CÎma OmñV g‘mYmZH$maH$ Amho

- g§nmXH$

- g§nmXH$- g§nmXH$

- g§nmXH$- g§nmXH$

SCERT TELANGANA

V Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20

`m nwñVH$m{df`r....

Amnë`m g^modVr Agboë`m g‘mOmMm Aä`mg H$aUmè¶m `m EH§$Xa emómMm EH$ ^mJ åhUOo ho nwñVH$ hmo¶. VWm{n g§nyU© Aä`mgH«$‘mMm hm EH$ ^mJ Amho ho bjmV R>odm Vwåhmbm H$m` ‘mhrV Amho,

`mMr dJm©V MMm© H$aÊ`mMo EH$ gmYZ ‘mÌ Amho? ho AgoM H$m KS>Vo? `mMm emómoº$ {dMma H$aUo JaOoMo dJm©VM Zìho Va dJm©~mhoa OmD$Z, ~mOmamV J«m‘n§Mm`V {H|$dm ZJanm{cH$m, H$m`m©b`, Jmd§, ‘§{Xa,

‘erX AmXr {ZarjU H$aUo VWm Ë`mMm {M{H$ËgH$ Aä`mg H$aUo, VgoM AZoH$ bmoH$m§À`m ^oQ>r KoD$Z MMm© H$aUo Ogo, joÌ’$i, XwH$mZXma, A{YH$mar, nwOmar BË`mXr.

EImXr g‘ñ`m g‘OyZ KoD$Z Ë`mMm {díbofUmË‘H$ Aä`mg H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr `m nwñVH$m§ Ûmao {‘iVo åhUyZ `m nwñVH$mV àíZm§Mr CÎmao ZmhrV H$Xm{MV ho nwñVH$ n[anyU© Zmhr Vwåhr Vw‘Mo {‘Ì EH$Ì ¶oD$Z Ooìhm EImÚm g‘ñ`oMm {M{H$ËgH$ Aä`mg H$amb VoìhmM `m nwñVH$mMm hoVy g’$b hmoB©c `m nwñVH$mV ì`º$

H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m AZoH$ ~m~rer Vwåhr gh‘V Zgmb {^D$ ZH$m, Ë`mMr H$maUo emoYm Vw‘Mo {‘Ìhr Agh‘V AgVrb na§Vw ‘V {^ÞVm H$m`m©Mm {dMma H$am eodQ>r Vw‘À`m ñdV:À`m {ZîH$f© àV `m Vw‘Mm {ZîH$f© nŠH$m Zgob ‘ZmMr V`mar H$aÊ`m nydu AOyZ Vwåhm§bm ~aoM H$mhr emoYm`Mo Amho Vem n[apñWVrVrc Amnë`m àíZm§M§r COiUr H$am ! Vw‘Mo {‘Ì, {ejH$, Á`oð> bmoH$m§Mr ‘XV ¿`m Am{U CH$b H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arV.

Amnë`m gm‘m{OH$ OrdZmÀ`m {d{dY n¡cyMm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mMr EH$ g§Yr VgoM ^y^mJ, bmoH$, Ë`m§Mo amhUr‘mZ VerM bmoH$m§À`m JaOm ^mJdÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr, cmoH$m§‘Yrc Ag‘mZVm, Vr Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>rMo à`ËZ {d{dY cmoH$m§À¶m {d{dY CnmgZmnÕVr Am{U eodQ>r EH$‘oH$mg nyaH$ Aem g‘mOmVrc EoŠ`Vm, hohr EH$ ‘hÎdmMo gmYZ hmo¶.

`m gd© ~m~s¨Zm g‘OyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r Vwåhm§bm n¥Ïdr, Q>oH$S>çm, nR>mao, ZÚm, g‘wÐ `m§Mm Aä`mg H$amdm bmJob. hOmamo-eoH$S>mo dfm©nydu H$m` Pmbo Agob, ho g‘OyZ ¿`mdo bmJob; na§Vw `m gdmªnojmhr ‘hÎdmMr

~m~ åhUOo Vwåhmbm A{YH$ g‘mOm{^‘wI ìhmdo bmJob.

dJm©V `m nwñVH$mMm Aä`mg H$aVmZm Vwåhmbm AZoH$ g‘ñ¶m§Zm gm‘moao Omdo bmJUma Amho Ë`mgmR>r Wm§~y ZH$m. emoY ¿`m qH$dm gwMdbobo H$mhr à`moJ H$am. nmR> bdH$a g§n{dUo ho ‘hÎdmMo Zmhr Va nmR>çoVa àíZ d Ë`mda MMm© hmoUo JaOooMo Amho.

H$mhr nmR>m§À`m eodQ>r {deof àH$ën {Xbo AmhoV. Ë`mgmR>r WmoSo> {Xdg bmJVrb. VgoM dJm©V H$m`

{c{hco `mnojm ho àH$ën ‘hÎdmMo AmhoV.

H¥$n`m EH$ Jmoï> bjmV R>odm H$s, nmR>m§Vamnojm {dMma H$aUo Am{U ‘VàXe©Z ho ‘hÎdmMo Amho.

lr‘Vr ~r. eofwHw$‘mar lr‘Vr ~r. eofwHw$‘marlr‘Vr ~r. eofwHw$‘mar lr‘Vr ~r. eofwHw$‘mar lr‘Vr ~r. eofwHw$‘mar

g§MmbH$,

Eg. gr. B. Ama. Q>r., h¡Xam~mX

SCERT

TELANGANA

Amnco amï´>JrV Amnco amï´>JrV Amnco amï´>JrV Amnco amï´>JrV Amnco amï´>JrV

- aqdÐZmW Q>mJmoa - aqdÐZmW Q>mJmoa- aqdÐZmW Q>mJmoa - aqdÐZmW Q>mJmoa- aqdÐZmW Q>mJmoa

OZ JU ‘Z A{YZm`H$ O` ho

^maV ^m½` {dYmVm &

n§Om~, qgY, JwOamV, ‘amR>m Ðm{dS> CËH$b ~§J &&

qdÜ` {h‘mMb `‘wZm, J§Jm CÀN>b Ob{YVa§J &

Vd ew^ Zm‘o OmJo &

Vd ew^ Am{ef ‘mJo &

Jmho Vd O` JmWm OZ JU ԤJbXm`H$ O` ho

^maV ^m½` {dYmVm &

O` ho, O` ho, O` ho O` O` O` O` ho &

à{Vkm à{Vkm à{Vkm à{Vkm à{Vkm

- n¡[S>_au ì`§H$Q>m gwã~mamdw

^maV ‘mPm Xoe Amho. gmao ^maVr` ‘mPo ~m§Yd AmhoV. ‘mÂ`m Xoemda ‘mPo ào‘

Amho. ‘mÂ`m XoemVë`m g‘¥X²Y Am{U {d{dYVoZo ZQ>boë`m na§nam§Mm ‘bm A{^‘mZ Amho.

Ë`m na§nam§Mm nmB©H$ hmoÊ`mMr nmÌVm ‘mÂ`m A§Jr `mdr, åhUyZ ‘r gX¡d à`ËZ H$arZ.

‘r ‘mÂ`m nmbH$m§Mm, JwéOZm§Mm Am{U dS>rbYmè`m ‘mUgm§Mm ‘mZ R>odrZ Am{U àË`oH$mer gm¡OÝ`mZo dmJoZ.

‘mPm Xoe Am{U ‘mPo Xoe~m§Yd `m§À`mer {Zð>m amIÊ`mMr ‘r à{Vkm H$arV Amho.

Ë`m§Mo H$ë`mU Am{U Ë`m§Mr g‘¥X²Yr øm§VM ‘mPo gm¡»` gm‘mdbo Amho.

SCERT TELANGANA

VII Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20

A.H«$.

A.H«$.

A.H«$.

A.H«$.

A.H«$. nmR>mMo Zmd nmR>mMo Zmd nmR>mMo Zmd nmR>mMo Zmd nmR>mMo Zmd ‘{hUm‘{hUm‘{hUm‘{hUm‘{hUm nmZ H«$‘m§H$ nmZ H«$‘m§H$ nmZ H«$‘m§H$ nmZ H«$‘m§H$ nmZ H«$‘m§H$

g§H$ënZm - A … n¥Ïdrdarc d¡{dÜ`

1. ZH$mem H$mT>Uo Am{U dmMZ OyZ 1 - 8 2. ½cmo~ … n¥ÏdrMm AmH$ma OyZ 9 - 14 3. ^mJ - A … ^yñdê$n Owb¡ 15 - 18 H¥$îUm S>oëQ>m _Yrc EH$ Jmd - noZ_Hw$é Owb¡ 19 - 26 4. S>mHw$a - nR>ma àXoemVrc EH$ Jmd Owb¡> 27 - 35 5. noZJwcw - S>mo§JamVrc EH$ Jmd Owb¡ 36 - 43

g§H$ënZm - ~ … CËnmXZ ~Xc Am{U OrdZe¡cr

6. AÞ-Ymݶ {‘i{dʶmnmgyZ Vo CËnmXZmn¶ªV - Am{X ‘mZd Am°JñQ 44 - 56 7. AmOMr eoVr Am°JñQ> 57 - 64 8. eoVr CËnÞ•ì¶mnma - ^mJ - A Am°JñQ 65 - 72 eoVr CËnÞ ì¶mnma - ^mJ - ~ Am°JñQ 73 - 79

g§H$ënZm - H$ … amOH$s` ì`dñWm Am{U àemgZ

9. Am{Xdmgr O_mVr, gm‘wXm{¶H$ {ZU©¶ gßQ>|~a 80 - 84 10. amÁ¶ Am{U àOmgÎmmH$m§Mm CX¶ gßQ>|~a> 85 - 92 11. àW‘ gm‘«mÁ¶ gßQ>|~a 93 - 102 12. cmoH$emhr gaH$ma Am°³Q>mo~a 103 - 111 13. J«m_n§Mm`V Zmoìh|~a 112 - 119 14. ehar ^mJmVrc ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ` g§ñWm Zmoìh|~a 120 - 126

g§H$ënZm - S>$ … gm_m{OH$ g§ñWm Am{U Ag_mZVm

15. Amnë`m g_mOmVrc {d{dYVm Zmoìh|~a 127 - 134 16. ñÌr-nwéf g_mZVoÀ`m {XeoZo dmQ>Mmc {S>g|~a 135 - 142

g§H$ënZm - B$ … Y_© Am{U g_mO

17. àmMrZH$mcrZ Y_© Am{U g_mO {S>g|~a 143 - 153 18. Xodm{df`r ào_, ^ŠVr OmZodmar 154 - 161

g§H$ënZm - \$ … g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U g§nH©$

19. ^mfm {cnr Am{U _hmZ J«§W OmZodmar 162 - 168 20. {eën Am{U ~m§YH$m_o ’o$~«wdmar 169 - 180 21. Voc§JmZmVrc {hadi ’o$~«wdmar 181 - 184

COiUr Am{U dmfuH$ n[aúmm ‘mM©

AZwH«$‘{UH$m

SCERT

TELANGANA

^maVr` g§{dYmZ àñVm{dH$

Amåhr, ^maVmMo cmoH$

Amåhr, ^maVmMo cmoH$ Amåhr, ^maVmMo cmoH$

Amåhr, ^maVmMo cmoH$ Amåhr, ^maVmMo cmoH$, ^maVmMo EH$ gmd©^m¡_ g_mOdmXr gmd©^m¡_ g_mOdmXr gmd©^m¡_ g_mOdmXr gmd©^m¡_ g_mOdmXr gmd©^m¡_ g_mOdmXr Y_©{Zanoj cmoH$emhr JUamÁ`

Y_©{Zanoj cmoH$emhr JUamÁ` Y_©{Zanoj cmoH$emhr JUamÁ`

Y_©{Zanoj cmoH$emhr JUamÁ` Y_©{Zanoj cmoH$emhr JUamÁ` KS>dÊ`mMm d Ë`mÀ`m gd© ZmJ[aH$mg…

Ý`m`, Ý`m`, Ý`m`,

Ý`m`, Ý`m`, gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$ d amOZ¡{VH$

ñdmV§Í`

ñdmV§Í` ñdmV§Í`

ñdmV§Í` ñdmV§Í` {dMma, A{^ì`ŠVr, {dídmg, lÕm d CnmgZm `m§Mo

g_mZVm g_mZVm g_mZVm

g_mZVm g_mZVm {ZpíMVnUo àmßV H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMm Am{U Ë`m gdmª_Ü`o ì`pŠVMr à{Vð>m amIÊ`mMm

~§YwVm

~§YwVm ~§YwVm

~§YwVm ~§YwVm àd{Y©V H$aÊ`mMm g§H$ënnyd©H$ {ZYm©a H$ê$Z, amï´>mMr EH$Vm Am{U EH$mË_Vm `m§Mo AmídmgZ XoUmar

Am_À`m g§{dYmZg^oV Am_À`m g§{dYmZg^oV Am_À`m g§{dYmZg^oV

Am_À`m g§{dYmZg^oV Am_À`m g§{dYmZg^oV AmO {XZm§H$ gìdrg Zmoìh|~a, 1949 amoOr `mÛmao ho g§{dYmZ A§JrH¥$V Am{U A{Y{Z`{_V A§JrH¥$V Am{U A{Y{Z`{_V A§JrH¥$V Am{U A{Y{Z`{_V A§JrH¥$V Am{U A{Y{Z`{_V A§JrH¥$V Am{U A{Y{Z`{_V H$ê$Z ñdV…àV An©U H$aV AmhmoV.

Subs. by the constitution [Forty-second Amendment] Act, 1976, Sec.2, for “Sovereign Democratic Republic” (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

Subs. by the constitution [Forty-second Amendment] Act, 1976, Sec.2, for “Unity of the Nation” (w.e.f.

3.1.1977)

SCERT TELANGANA

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 1

1

nmR>

ZH$mem H$mT>Uo Am{U dmMZ

ZH$meo (‘°ßg²) Amnë`mcm {d{dY àXoem§À`m g§~§Yr AZoH$ {df`mMr ‘m{hVr XoVmV. EImXm àXoe g‘wÐmÀ`m H$mR>mda Amho H$m, nd©Vmda qH$dm dmid§Q>r àXoemV Amho H$m, Vmo CîU àXoe H$m, {eVc àXoe qH$dm {VH$So> nmD$g {H$Vr nS>Vmo. H$em àH$maMr PmSo> dmT>VmV? H$moUË`m OmVrMo cmoH$ OJVmV, Ë`m§Mr ~mocr^mfm, Ë`m§Mr d¥Îmr, Ë`m§Mo {Zdmg d BVa ‘m{hVr ZH$memdê$Z {‘iVo. Va gd© {df` EH$mM ZH$mem‘Ü`o amhV ZmhrV. Ë`m‘wio Vwåhm§cm {d{dY àH$maÀ`m ZH$mem§Mo (^m¡{VH$ ZH$meo, amOH$s` ZH$meo, Eo{Vhm{gH$ ZH$meo BË`mXr) AÜ``Z H$amdo cmJVo.

øm nmR>mV ZH$memMo AÜ``Z H$aUo, ñdV:hÿZ ZH$mem V`ma H$aUo {eHy$ `m.

{Oëhm ZH$mem (amOH$s`)

^maV XoemMm ZH$mem, Voc§JmZmMm ZH$mem Aem {H$Ë`oH$ àH$maMo ZH$meo Vwåhr Vw‘À`m dJm©‘Ü`o ~KV AgVm. Amnë`m {OëømÀ`m ZH$mem{df`r AmO

‘m{hVr KoD$ `m.

Ioiy `m Ioiy `m Ioiy `m Ioiy `m Ioiy `m

XmoZ JQ> H$ê$Z ¿`m. ZH$mem‘Ü`o EH$ àm§V {ZdSy>Z n{hë`m JQ>mZo JwánUo EH$m H$mJXmda {chÿZ {ejH$mcm Úmdo.

XmoZ JQ> H$éZ ¿¶m. ZH$mem‘ܶo EH$ àm§V {ZdSy>Z n{hë¶m JQ>mZo JwánUo EH$m H$mJXmda {bhÿZ {ejH$mbm Úmdo. Xþgè¶m JQ>mZo Vo Zmd AmoiIyZ gm§Jmdo.

d n{hë¶m JQ>mZo MyH$ H$s ~amo~a Vo gm§Jmdo. {H$Vr doim à¶ËZ Ho$bm ˶mMr Zm|X H$am. Z§Va Xþgè¶m JQ>mZo EH$

àm§V {ZdSy>Z Vmo H$mJXmda {bhÿZ {ejH$mg Úmdm Am{U n{hë¶m JQ>mZo Vmo AmoiImdm. Omo JQ> (EH$ qH$dm XmoZ) H$‘r àíZmV AmoiIob Vmo JQ> {dO¶r g‘Omdm.

Xwgè`m JQ>mZo, ¿¶mn{hë`m JQ>mÀ`m H$mJXmda {c{hcoë`m Jmdmcm AmoiImdo. `mgmR>r H$mhr àíZ {dMmamdo. Agm àíZmoÎmao H$arV Ioi Ioimdm.

{eúmH$m§Zr `m g§nwU© IoimMo {Z[aúmU H$amdo. `m IoimV Oo H$‘r àíZm§Mr CVao XoD$Z JmdmMr Zmdo AmoiIVmV Am{U VmooM JQ> {dO`r R>aVmo.

‘pëcH$mÀ`m KamMm añVm. H$ƒm ZH$mem

‘pëcH$mÀ`m KamMm añVm. H$ƒm ZH$mem‘pëcH$mÀ`m KamMm añVm. H$ƒm ZH$mem

‘pëcH$mÀ`m KamMm añVm. H$ƒm ZH$mem

‘pëcH$mÀ`m KamMm añVm. H$ƒm ZH$mem {ZOm_m~mX `oWo nma nS>coë`m aoS>H«$m°g godm g{‘VrÀ`m H$m`©H«$‘mV ‘pëcH$m Am{U c¡cm `m§Mr AmoiI Pmcr.

AënmdYrVM Ë`m {OdcJ ‘¡{ÌUr ~Zë`m. ‘pëcH$m d|H$Q>mnya `oWrc a{hdmgr Va c¡cm Am{Xcm~mXcm amhUmar. `oUmè`m gwÅ>çmV ‘pëcH$mZo c¡cmcm Amnë`m Kar `oÊ`mMo {Z‘§ÌU {Xco. VwÂ`m JmdÀ`m

~gñWmZH$mnmgyZ Kar OmÊ`mMm ‘mJ© ZH$memÛmao H$i{dÊ`mMr {dZ§Vr c¡cmZo nÌmÛmao Ho$cr. OrdcJ

‘¡{ÌU Kar `oUma ho H$imë`m‘wio ‘pëcH$mcm Iyn AmZ§X Pmcm. cJoM {VZo ~gñWmZH$ Vo Ka Aem Ame`mMm ZH$mem nÌmÛmao c¡cmcm nmR>{dcm.

♦ dJm©‘Ü`o Vw‘À`m {OëømMm (amOH$s`) ZH$mem KoD$Z `m.

♦ Vw‘Mo Jmd/ eha, OdiMr Jmdo, ehao, ZÚm, Zmco, g‘wÐ BË`mXr{df`r AÜ``Z H$am.

♦ añVo, cmoh‘mJm©{df`r {ZarjU H$am.

♦ ZH$mem‘Ü`o {d{dY àm§Vm‘Ü`o dmñVm{dH$ A§Va gm§Jy eH$Vm H$m`?

SCERT

TELANGANA

♦ Vw‘À`m emionmgyZ Vw‘À`m KamMm añVm XmIm{dUmam H$ƒm ZH$mem H$mTy> eH$mc ?

♦ H$ƒm ZH$memAmYmao ~gñWmZH$mdê$Z Vwåhr

‘pëcH$mÀ`m Kar OmD$ eH$Vm H$m?

♦ ‘pëcH$mÀ`m Kar nmohM§Ê`mgmR>r c¡cmcm {H$Vr diUo cmJcr? diUmda IwUm AmhoV H$m?

♦ darc H$ƒm ZH$mem XmIdcoë`m B‘maVr H$moUË`m AmH$ma‘mZmV AmhoV? Vo gm§Jm.

♦ c¡cm H$moUË`m {XeoZo Mmccr Agmdr? gm§Jy eH$Vm H$m? (CÎmaocm H$s nyd}cm)

♦ ~g ñWmZH$mdê$Z ‘pëcH$mMo Ka {H$Vr A§Vamda Amho gm§Jy eH$mc H$m?

{MÌ ^1.1 ‘{cH$mÀ`m KamMm añVm XmIdUmam H$ƒm ZH$mem.

darc H$ÀÀ`m ZH$memÀ`m AmYmao eodQ>À`m XmoZ àíZm§Mr CÎmao XoUo eŠ` Zmhr. c¡cmcm hrM g‘ñ`m dmQ>cr.

na§Vw ~gñWmZH$mnmgyZ ‘pëcH$mMo Ka {H$Vr Xya Amho `mMm Ë`mV CëcoI ZìhVm. `m‘wio c¡cm ZH$memÀ`m ghmæ`mZo MmcV ‘pëcH$mÀ`m Kar nmoh§Mcr. ""‘pëcH$m Vy ‘cm ‘mJ© XmI{dcmg nU A§Va ‘mÌ gm§{JVco Zmhrg ‘r H$Xm{MV A°Q>mo[ajmZo Amco AgVo.'' Ë`mda ‘pëcH$m åhUmcr, ""A§Va gm§JÊ`mMo ‘r {dgaco nU Vy Ho$di d|H$Q>mnya EdT>o åhQ>c§ AgV§ Var Kar `oD$ eH$cr AgVrg.''

X{jU d|H$Q>nya H$s CÎma d|H$Q>nya ho ‘cm H$go H$iUma? Agm àíZ c¡cmZo Ho$cm. "ho ’$ma gmon§ Amho.

AmVm Vy `m JmdmV X{jU {XeoH$Sy>Z Kar Amcrg `m‘wio {déÕ ~mOycm Agcocr {Xem CÎma. EImÚm àXoemcm Agcoë`m {d{dY {Xem H$em AmoiImì`m ho Vwcm ~hþYm H$imco Agoc.' Ago ‘pëcH$m åhUmcr.

SCERT TELANGANA

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 3

CÎmam Vmam c{cVm d{hXm Q>mJmoa qgYy

`‘wZm Om°Z {Xem

{Xem {Xem {Xem {Xem

Imcrc {Xcoë`m AmH¥$Vrcm H$miOrnyd©H$ nmhm.

‘Ymo‘Y C^macocr ‘wcJr gy`m© H$S>o Vm|S> H$éZ C^r Amho. AmVm Imcrc V³Vm nyU© H$am.

A.H«$. {Xem Ë`m {Xeocm H$m` Amho?

1 nyd© gy`©, S>m|Jao

2 X{jU

3 CÎma

4 n{ü‘

Vwåhr nyd© {Xeocm Vm|§S>

H$ê$Z C^o Agmc Va COì`m hmVmH$S>rc Agcoco X{jU. S>mì`m hmVmH$So> Agcoco CÎma. nmR>r‘mJo Agcoco n{ü‘ Ago AmoiImdo.

{Xem{df`r AmUIr ‘m{hVr {‘idÊ`mgmR>r {‘Ìmgmo~V {‘iyZ EH$m Ioim{df`r {ddaU {Xco Amho. Vmo Ioi IoiyZ nmhm.

COì`m ~mOycm EH$m Ioim{df¶rMr ‘m{hVr {Xcr Amho.

ZmOa am~©Q> cú‘U eoIa am‘ gmo‘y Omogo’ AH$~a

{MÌ ^1.3 gmnoj {Xem {MÌ ^1.2 {XemZm AmoiIUo

SCERT TELANGANA

ZH$mem§Zm X{jU {Xem da R>odë`mgmaIo qH$dm S>mì`m hmVmH$So> (n{ü‘) Amgë`mgmaIo KS>dVmV. Aem g§X^m©V CÎma {Xeocm ~mU {MÝhmZr gy{MV H$aVmV.

♦ Voc§JmZmMm ZH$memcm q^Vrda AS>H$dyZ Ë`mcm {Z[ajU H$ê$Z Imcrc {Xcoë`m àíZm§Mr CÎmao AmoiIm.

♦ _h~y~ZJa, {dH$mam~mXÀ¶m H$moUË`m {Xeocm Amho?

♦ ¶mXmÐrnmgwZ h¡Ðm~mX H$moUË`m {Xeocm Amho?

♦ Iå__, gy¶m©noQ>À¶m H$moUË`m {Xeocm Amho?

♦ Am{Xbm~mXÀ¶m nwd© {Xeobm H$mo‘ma‘ ^r‘

Amho H$m?

♦ Oa Vwåhmbm ‘§Mo[a¶mbhÿZ noÔmn„rbm Om¶Mo Agë¶mg H$moU˶m {Xeobm Omdo?

Aem àH$mao AmUIr H$mhr àíZ V`ma H$ê$Z àíZ {dMmamdo.

ñHo$c qH$dm ZH$mem‘Yrc A§Va

em§V dmVmdaUmV gm`§H$mir ZXrcm nmhÊ`mgmR>r c¡cmcm KoD$Z Jocr. ‘{cH$m ~§Ymè`mdê$Z ({~«O) MmcV hmoVo. Ë`m ~§Ymè`mda ghm {XnIm§~

g‘mZ A§Vamda AmhoV. àË`oH$ XmoZ ñV§^mVrc A§Va

100 {‘Q>a Vo ~§Ymam nyU© cm§~r ⁵⁰⁰ ‘rQ>a. øm {MÌm§Mo {Z[ajU H$am.

♦ c{cVm Om°ZÀ`m ...

{Xeoda Amho

♦ c{cVm CÎmamÀ`m ...

{Xeoda Amho

♦ ZmOa eoIaÀ`m ...

{Xeoda Amho.

♦ ZmOa am‘yÀ`m ...

{Xeoda Amho.

♦ cú‘U gmo‘yÀ`m ...

{Xeoda Amho.

♦ cú‘U eoIaÀ`m ...

{Xeoda Amho.

♦ OmZÀ`m ...

{Xeoda Vmam Amho.

hm Ioi Ioië`mZ§Va ""AX²^yV AmVm ‘cm

‘mhrV Pmco.'' åhUyZ c¡cm åhUmcr, {Xem åhUOo EH$m ñWmZmnmgyZ gmnoj gm§JVmV.

AmnU EH$m ñWmZmcm H$moUmgmo~V VwcZm H$arV AmhmV Vo CÎma, X{jU qH$dm n{ü‘ocm Amho åhUVmo.

♦ Vw‘À`m dJm©Vrc ImocrÀ`m {Xem§Zm AmoiIyZ daÀ`m ZH$memgmaIo C^mê$Z H$moUH$mU, Hw$Umcm Hw$Umcm H$moUË`m {Xeoda AmhoV Vo àíZ H$am.

ZH$memVrc {Xem

gmYmaUV: CÎma {Xem da R>odë`mgmaIo. X{jU {Xem Imcr R>odë`mgmaIo ZH$mem‘Ü`o V`ma H$aVmV.

VgoM nyd© COì`m ~mOycm, n{ü‘ S>mì`m

~mOycm AgVo H$mhr àË`oH$ g§X^m©‘Ü`o {MÌ 1.4 ~§Ymè`mda MmcV Agcoë`m c¡cm ‘{cH$m

SCERT TELANGANA

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 5 Vo Ñí` nmhÿZ Ë`m§Zm {H$VrVar AmZ§X Pmcm.

KamH$So> naVyZ Amë`mZ§Va c¡cmZo Mmcë`m ~§Ymè`mMm Z‘wZm {VÀ`mgmo~V KoD$Z OmÊ`mgmR>r ~§Ymè`mMo H$ƒm ZH$me H$mTy> cmJcr. Vo H$ƒm ZH$mem H$mT>Vodoir {XnñV§^ g‘mZ A§Vamda H$mT>cr. {VZo Ë`m§À`m‘Yrc A§VamMr ‘moO‘mnUr Ho$cr. EH$ Im§~ Am{U Xwgam Im§~

`m‘Yrc A§Va ⁵ g|.‘r. cm§~ Amho.

{MÌ ^1.5 c¡cmZo H$mT>coco ~§Ymè`mMo {MÌ c¡cmZr H$mT>coë`m EH$m Im§~mnmgyZ ghmì`m Im§~mn`ªVMo A§Va ‘moOyZ ¿`m. àË`oH$ XmoZ Im§~m‘Yrc A§Va .... {‘Q>a. H$ƒm ZH$mem‘Yrc XmoZ Im§~m‘Yrc dmñVd A§Va Ho$di ... go.‘r. H$ƒm ZH$mem‘Yrc g§nyU© A§Va ... go.‘r. BVHo$M Amho. {XnIm§~mMo A§Va H$‘r OmñV Ago Z H$aVm Im§~mMr cm§~r g‘mZ R>odcr Amho Ago Vw‘À`m cjmV `oB©c.

AmnU ømImcrc {Xcoë`mà‘mUo ~§Ymè`mda Agcoco A§Va d H$ƒm ZH$mem‘Yrc Agcoco A§Va {chÿ `m.

H$ƒm ZH$mem‘Yrc ⁵ go.‘r. =

~§Ymè`mdarc .... ‘rQ>a H$ƒm ZH$mem‘Yrc ¹ g|.‘r. ⁼

~§Ymè`mdarc ... {‘Q>a

¶mbm "ñHo$b' åhUVmV. AmnU ñHo$cÀ`m ghmæ`mZo dmñVd A§VamZm H$‘r H$ê$Z ZH$mem‘Ü`o XmIdÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$ `m.

ZH$mem H$moUË`m ñHo$cZo V`ma Ho$cocm Amho ho Ë`mÀ`mda {chrcoco AgVo.

Ë`mM AmYmamZo ZH$mem‘Yrc A§Va ‘moOyZ

^y‘rdarc dmñVd A§Va ‘m{hVr H$aVm `oVo.

dZnVu

_h~w~ZJa

darc {Xcoë`m {MÌm‘Ü`o _h~w~ZJa - _h~w~ZJa‘Yrc A§Va EH$m aoImÛmao XmI{dco.

Ë`m XmoZ ñWmZm‘Yrc A§Va ⁵⁰ {H$.‘r. Amho.

XmoKm§Zm {‘gi{dUmao aoIm{MÌmMr ‘moOUr H$am.

_h~w~ZJa - dZnVu ‘Yrc dmñV{dH$

A§Va ... BVHo$ Amho.

darc {MÌm‘Yrc _h~w~ZJa Am{U dZnVu‘Yrc A§Va ... BVHo$ Amho.

`m {MÌmMo A§Va ñHo$cZo H$mT>Vm `oVo H$m?

Ë`m {MÌm‘Ü`o ¹ go.‘r. Amho Va dmñVd‘Ü`o O{_Zrda {H$Vr A§Va Agy eH$Vo?

1 go.‘r ⁼ . ... {H$.‘r.

Vw‘À`m {OëømÀ`m ZH$memMo {Z[ajU H$ê$Z ñHo$c {H$Vr {Xco Amho cj Úm.

Vw‘Mo Jmd / ehamnmgyZ Xwgao Jmd / eham‘Yrc A§Va ‘moOyZ dmñVd A§Va ‘mhrV H$am.

SCERT

TELANGANA

{MÝho

ZH$meo chmZ AgVmV Vwåhmcm ‘mhrV Amho.

dmñV{dH$Vm Oer Agoc VgoM {MÌ H$mTy> eH$V Zmhr.

CXm. Vw‘Mr emim, ~gñWmZH$, ‘pëcH$mMo Ka Oemg Vgo XmIdmdo åhUOo nwîH$i OmJm nm{hOo.

Ë`mgmR>r AmnU ZH$memÀ`m V`margmR>r {MÝhm§Mm Cn`moJ H$aV AgVmo. Vw‘À`m Jmdmcm/

ehamcm Vmè`m§‘Ü`o dVw©i AmH$mam‘Ü`o {Oëhm

ZH$mem‘Ü`o XmI{dcoco Vwåhr nm{hco Amho.

gmYmaUV: ZH$meo V`ma H$aUmao Ë`m§À`m Amdí`H$VoZwgma nm{hOo Vgo ~amo~a ê$n {MÝhm§Zm XoV AgVmV. na§Vw AmnU H$mhr gmYmaU {MÝhm§Mm nwÝhm nwÝhm Cn`moJ H$arV AgVmo. Ë`m§Zm gm§àXm{`H$ {MÝho Ago åhUVmo. Imcrc {Xcoë`m ZH$mem‘Yrc {MÝho, n{Q>H$m, CÎma {Xeocm gwM{dUmao ~mUmMo {MÝho AmhoV.

{Z[ajU H$am.

{MÌ ^1.6 {MÝhm§Mm Cn¶moJ H$gm H$amdm? ¶mMm Aä¶mg gyMr

{gÔrnoQ>

ao.ñQ>o.

JwS>o‘

nmo.Am°.

nmo.ñQ>o.

lrnya‘

emim

ñHo$c

PmS>

‘erX

Q>mH$s

‘§{Xa MM©

H$ÀMm añVm n³H$m añVm

‘rQ>aJoO aoëdo

~«m°S>JoO aoëdo {ZdmgñWmZo

nrQ>rAmo = Q>nmc> Am{U Vma H$m¶m©c¶

nmo.ñQ>o. = nmocrg ñQ>oeZ aoo.ñQ>o. = aoëdo ñQ>oeZ nmo.Am°. = Q>nmc H$m¶m©c¶

nrQ>rAmo

SCERT TELANGANA

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 7 darc ZH$memdê$Z Imcrc {Xcoë`m àíZm§Mr

CÎmao {chm.

♦ MM©À`m H$moUË`m {XeoZo ZXr dmhV Amho?

♦ lrnya‘ JmdmÀ¶m X{jUocm H$moU˶m àH$maMm añVm Amho ho ZH$memdê$Z AmoiIm.

♦ lrnya‘ JmdmOdi H$moUË`m àH$maMm aoëdo‘mJ©

Amho?

♦ aoëdoñQ>oeZÀ`m H$moUË`m {Xeocm nmocrg ñQ>oeZ Amho?

♦ aoëdo‘mJm©À`m CÎma {Xeocm H$moUVo Jmd Amho?

♦ darc ZH$memdê$Z emim§‘Ü`o Vwåhr AmhmV

Vw‘À`m Aä`mgmMr nwZamd¥Îmr H$am

1. {d{dY àH$maMo ZH$meo Jmoim H$ê$Z {Z[ajU H$am. Vw‘À`m e§H$m {ejH$m§Zm {dMmê$Z nyU© H$am. ^(AS5)

2. Vw‘À`m ‘§S>c H|$Ðmdê$Z {Oëhm H|$Ðm‘Yrc A§Va, ZH$mem‘Yrc A§Va Am{U dmñVd A§Va `mV ~Xc H$am

3. ^y‘rda Agcoë`m dmñVd A§Vamcm ZH$mem‘Ü`o H$emgmR>r H$‘r H$aVmV? ^(AS1)

4. ZH$memÀ`m V`mar‘Ü`o {MÝhmMr Amdí`H$Vm dU©Z H$am. ^(AS1)

5. Ocme`, AmamYZmñWi, à^wËd H$m`m©c`m§Zm ZH$mem‘Ü`o XmIdÊ`mgmR>r {MÝho V`ma H$am? ^(AS5)

6. Vw‘À`m KamMo, H$ƒm ZH$mem H$mTy>Z, Ë`m§Zm ZH$mem‘Ü`o ~Xc H$am? ^(AS5)

7. Vwåhmcm ZH$mem‘Ü`o H$moUH$moUVo A§e ‘w»` AmhoV Ago dmQ>co? ^(AS1) 8. nmZ H«$. 6 darc {MÝhm§Mo dmMZ H$éZ ñnï> H$am? ^(AS2)

9. ZH$memVrc {d{dY {MÝhm§Mm/a§JmMm Aä`mg H$éZ Imcrc VŠË`mV _m{hVr ^am? ^(AS3)

‘hÎdmMo eãX H$ƒm ZH$me

ZH$mem {Xem gmnoj {Xem

Ago g‘OyZ KoVco Va H$moUË`m {XeoZo ~mhoa

`oVm?

A.H«$. ZH$memMo Zmd Cn`moJr {MÝho _w»` KQ>H$

SCERT

TELANGANA

10. àH$ën - Vw‘À`m dJm©À`m ZH$memcm Imcrc {Xcoë`m gyMZm§À`m AmYmao V`ma H$am.

A) CÎmaoH$So> Vm|S>mg‘moa C^mê$Z dJm©À`m Imocrcm Mma {Xem§Zm AmoiIm.

~) ZH$mem‘Ü`o XmIdUmao q^Vr, XadmOo, pIS>H$s, ~|M, Amc‘mar BË`mXrMr Zm|X V`ma H$amdr. Vw‘À`m dhr‘Ü`o Ë`m§À`m {MÝhm§Zm V`ma H$am.

H$) dJm©Vrc Imocr‘Ü`o ZH$meo, q^Vr, BVa dñVy Hw$R>o amhmdo R>odyZ {MÌ H$mT>m. CÎma {XeoZo Agcoë`m q^Vrcm H$ƒm ZH$mem‘Ü`o daÀ`m ~mOyZo H$mT>m.

S>) àË`oH$ q^Vs¨Zm ñHo$cZo ‘moOyZ Ë`m A§Vacm H$ƒm ZH$mem‘Ü`o XmIdmdo.

B) `mo½` Ë`m "ñHo$c' cm {ZdSy>Z ZH$mem H$mT>mdm. ho EH$m {‘Q>acm EH$m g|Q>r‘rQ>agmaIo ¿`mdo. q^VrMr cm§~r gmV ‘rQ>a Agoc Va H$mJXmda Ë`mMr cm§~r gmV g|Q>r‘rQ>a åhUyZ ¿`mdr

’$) ~mhoaÀ`m q^Vs¨Zm CVaë`mZ§Va pIS>H$s, XadmÁ`m§Zm `mo½` Ë`m OmJoda XmIdmdr. Amc‘mar, ~|M, Q>o~c BË`mXr {MÝhm§Zm `mo½` Ë`m{R>H$mUr R>odmdo.

J) ZH$mem‘Ü`o Vwåhr Cn`moJ Ho$ë`mcm {MÝhm§Zm Zm|X V`ma H$ê$Z {R>H$mUm§Zm V`ma H$am. "ñHo$c' {H$Vr Amho Vo {chm.

h) Vwåhr V`ma Ho$coë`m ZH$mem§Zm Vw‘À`m {‘Ìm§Zr V`ma Ho$coë`m ZH$memgmo~V nS>VmiyZ gwYmê$Z ¿`mdo.

SCERT

TELANGANA

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 9

2

nmR> ½cmo~ … n¥ÏdrMm AmH$ma

gw§Xa Am{U H$ënZm EH$m {Xder g§Ü`mH$mir M§Ðmcm nmhmV hmoVo. ""‘r M§Ðmda OmD$Z n¥Ïdrcm nm{hco Va H$er {Xgoc ? {VH$Sy>Z ‘r H$m` nmhÿ eH$Vmo? '' åhUyZ gw§XaZo {dMmaco? ""AmnU BpÀN>coë`m gd© {df`m§Zm Am§VaOmir‘Ü`o (B§Q>aZoQ>‘Ü`o) gmo`rñH$a nmhÿ eH$Vmo.'' åhUyZ H$ënZmZo gm§{JVco. Z§Va M§Ðmdê$Z H$mT>coco n¥ÏdrMo {MÌ Am§VaOmir‘Ü`o XmI{dco. Vo Ago Amho.

{MÌ ^2.1 M§Ðmda CÚ hmoUmar n¥Ïdr

øm {MÌm‘Ü`o n¥ÏdrImcMm ^mJ {H$Ë`oH$

OUm§Zm {XgV Zmhr gm§Jy eH$Vm? H$maU n¥ÏdrMm

~amMgm ^mJ nmʶmZo AmÀN>mXcocm Amho, ¶m‘wio A§VamimVyZ n¥Ïdr {Zù¶m a§JmMr {XgVo. VgoM OodT>çm

^mJmda àH$me nS>cm Amho. VodT>mM ^mJ {XgVmo.

♦ darc {MÌmcm nmhÿZ n¥ÏdrMm AmH$ma M§ÐmgmaIm Amho åhUyZ gm§Jw eH$Vm H$m?

n¥Ïdr M|Sy>gmaIr Jmoc Amho n¥Ïdr M|Sy>gmaIr Jmoc Amhon¥Ïdr M|Sy>gmaIr Jmoc Amho n¥Ïdr M|Sy>gmaIr Jmoc Amho n¥Ïdr M|Sy>gmaIr Jmoc Amho

hr n¥Ïdr AmH$ma O‘rZ, nmUr, I§So>, ‘hmg‘wÐ, àn§MmmVrc Xoem§Zm XmI{dVmo. dJm©V ½cmo~ KoD$Z `m. ho

‘wcm§gmR>r CncãY Agmdo. n¥Ïdr {Zù`m M§Xm‘m‘mgmaIr {XgV Zmhr H$m? AmnU O{‘Zrda gy`m©Mr {H$aUo nS>coë`m ^mJm§Zm ‘mÌ nmhÿ eH$Vmo.

darc N>m`m{MÌmV gy`©{H$aUm§Zr AmÀN>mXcocm EH$ ^mJ XmI{dcm Amho. dJm©V n¥ÏdrMm EH$Jmoc KoD$Z `m.

JQ>dma Ë`m§Zm {Z[aúmUmgmR>r Úm.

{MÌ 2.2 ½cmo~

SCERT TELANGANA

♦ àË`oH$ {dÚmÏ`m©Zo ½cmo~Mo H$miOrnyd©H$

{Z[ajU H$am. ^y^«‘U H$go hmoVo ho ½cmo~cm {’$adyZ nmhm.

♦ Vw‘À`m {ejH$m§À`m ghmæ`mZo CÎmaY«wd, X{jUYw«d, ^y‘Ü`aoIm `m§Zm AmoiIm.

½cmo~daVr Cä`m amhVrc Amem ~mhþë`m {d{dY {R>H$mUr R>odyZ Úm. n¥ÏdrÀ`m ImcÀ`m ^mJmda Agcoë`m ‘Zwî`mMo S>moHo$ Imcr Amho Ago dmQ>Vo. VgoM

‘Ü`§Var ^mJmda Agcocm ‘Zwî` O{‘Zrda nS>Vmo H$s H$m` Ago dmQ>Vo? AmnU Ho$ìhmhr n¥Ïdrda nS>V Zmhr.

H$maU n¥Ïdr EH$ eº$semcr cmohMw§~H$mgmaIo H$m‘

H$arV Amnë`m gdmªZm {VÀ`mH$So> AmH${f©V H$arV AgVo. Ia§M AmnU n¥Ïdrda nS>Vmo nU, n¥Ïdrdê$Z nS>V Zmhr.

A§S>mH¥$Vr AmH$ma A§S>mH¥$Vr AmH$maA§S>mH¥$Vr AmH$ma A§S>mH¥$Vr AmH$ma A§S>mH¥$Vr AmH$ma

Iao gm§JVm, n¥Ïdr IamoIa JmocmH$ma ‘Ü`

Zmhr. nŠH$s dVw©imH$ma nU Zmhr. CÎma, X{jU Yw«dmOdi WmoS>r H$moMm nSy>Z Agë`mgmaIr ^y‘Ü`

aoIoOdi WmoS>r ’w$Jra Agë`mgmaIr AgVo. hm ’$aH$

Iyn H$‘r Agë`m‘wio ½cmo~ d ZH$mem‘Ü`o Ë`m§Zm XmIdV ZmhrV.

n¥ÏdrÀ`m g§~§{YV AmUIr EH$ Amü`m©Mr Jmoï>

åhUOo EH$m ñWmZmdê$Z ‘mJo Z naVVm AmnU àdmg gVV Mmcy R>odcm Va AmnU naV Ë`mM ñWmZmda nmoh§MVmo.

gw‘mao ⁴⁰⁰ dfmªnydr© ~è`mM OUm§Mo ‘V hmoVo H$s, n¥Ïdr hr CWi Amho Am{U EH$m {XeoZo àdmg H$arV AgVm eodQ>À`m Q>moH$mcm Joë`mZ§Va {VWyZ AmH$mem‘Ü`o nSy>Z OmVmo åhUyZ Ë`mMm {dœmg hmoVm.

{H«$.e. ¹⁴⁰⁰ H$mim‘Yrc emók, kmZr n¥Ïdr M|Sy>à‘mUo JmocmH$ma Agy eH$Vo åhUyZ H$ënZm Ho$cr.

Ë`mM‘wio BQ>mcrXoer` H$moc§~g ZmdmMm {Okmgy {H«$.e.

1485 ‘Ü`o `wamon àm§VmÀ`m n{ü‘ {Xeocm {ZKyZ ^maV Xoemcm `mdo Ago dmQ>co. Vmo A‘o[aH$m OdiÀ`m H$ao~r`Z {ÛnOdi `oD$Z Wm§~cm. AmUIr nwT>o àdmg Ho$cm AgVm Va ^maV XoemV ZŠH$sM nmoh§My eH$cm AgVm.

♦ ½cmo~À`m ghmæ`mZo H$moc§~g H$gm àdmg H$ê$Z A‘o[aHo$cm nomh§Mcm Agmdm, H$gm àdmg Ho$cm AgVm Va ^maVmV nmoh§My eH$cm AgVm AmoiIm.

‘hmg‘wÐ Am{U I§S

‘hmg‘wÐ Am{U I§S‘hmg‘wÐ Am{U I§S

‘hmg‘wÐ Am{U I§S‘hmg‘wÐ Am{U I§S>

Vwåhr ½cmo~cm nmhmV AgVm Ë`mdoir øm n¥ÏdrÀ`m daÀ`m Q>moH$mH$S>rc A{YH$ ^mJ g‘wÐmÀ`m nmÊ`mZo ^acocm Amho nm{hc§V H$m?

♦ g‘wÐm{df`r EH$ XmoZ dmŠ` dU©Z H$am.

♦ Vwåhr {nUmao JmoS> nmUr Am{U g‘wÐmVrc Imao nmUr `mVrc ’$aH$ gm§Jm.?

g‘wÐo, ‘hmg‘wÐo eoH$S>mo, hOmamo {H$cmo‘rQ>a ì`mnyZ AgVmV. g‘wÐmÀ`m øm Q>moH$mdê$Z Ë`m Q>moH$mH$So>

Omdo åhUOo Zm¡Ho$Ûmao {H$Ë`oH$ {Xdg qH$dm {H$Ë`oH$

‘{hZo àdmg H$amdm cmJVmo

♦ OJm‘Ü`o EH$ ‘hmg‘wÐ JmoR>cocm Amho Ë`mMo Zmd AmoiIm.

♦ ½cmo~Mo {Z[ajU H$ê$Z Mma g‘wÐm§Mr Zmdo {chm.

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SCERT

TELANGANA

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 11

♦ `mVrc ‘moR>m ‘hmg‘wÐ H$moUVm ? Ë`mÀ`m ZmdmImcr aoIm§{H$V H$am.

gm‘mÝ`V: AmnU øm ‘hmg‘wÐmda CXa{Zdm©h H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. AmnU O{‘Zrda OrdZ OJV AgVmo. ½cmo~da ‘moR>‘moR>çm ^y^mJmcm nm{hco AmhoV hmo Zm ? VoM IÈo> AmhoV. gmV ‘w»` I§S> AmhoV.

♦ I§S>mMo Zmd AmoiIyZ Imcr {chm.

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♦ øm I§S>m‘Ü`o EH$ I§S> ~’$m©Zo AmÀN>mXcocm Amho. Ë`mMo Zmd, n[aga AmoiIm.

^y‘rda CÎma, X{jU Y«wd ~’$m©Zo AmÀN>mXcoco AmhoV. Amü`© dmQ>Vo Z§ ! EH$m Yww«dmda ~’$m©Mm IS>m

~ZyZ Amgcocm ‘hmg‘wÐ Agoc Va Xwgam EH$ {dnarV nS>coë`m ~’$m©Zo ^ê$Z Amho ! Ë`mcmM A§Q>m{Q©>H$m

~’$m©i àXoe åhUVmV.

♦ ½cmo~‘Ü`o ^maV Xoemcm nmhm. ^maV Xoe H$moUË`m I§S>m‘Ü`o Amho gm§Jm ?

♦ Ë`mMà‘mUo Vwåhr EoH$cocm Xoe ½cmo~da Hw$R>o Amho Vo emoYm?

gd© Jmdo, ehao, ZJa, I§S>mVrc Xoem‘Ü`o AgVmV. S>m|Ja, Xar, eoVrMr O‘rZ, IXmZ, n[aga BË`mXs¨H$So> nmhVm `oVo.

½cmo~ darc {Xe

½cmo~ darc {Xe½cmo~ darc {Xe

½cmo~ darc {Xe

½cmo~ darc {Xemeeeee

n{hë`m nmR>mV Vwåhr Mma {Xem§{df`r ‘m{hVr {‘idcr. CÎma, X{jU Yw«dmZm AmoiIc§ H$m ? COì`m ~mOycm nyd©, S>mì`m ~mOycm n{ü‘ åhUyZ AmoiIcmV. n¥Ïdr à{VamoO nyd©oH$Sy>Z n{ü‘oH$So> ^«‘U H$aV AgVo. ½cmo~ EH$m doiog Ago {’$adco Va H$go hmoB©c? Y«wdmcm nm{hcV H$m ?

Y«wdo åhUOo ^y‘rÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOycm amhUmao XmoZ MH«o$ AmhoV. darc MH«$mdê$Z ImcÀ`m MH«$mcm

^y‘rÀ`m ‘Ymo‘Y OmUmè`m EH$m aoImcm H$mT>co Ago g‘Oco Va {VcmM "Aj' Ago åhUVmV. `m AjmÀ`m ^modVr ^y‘r ^«‘U H$arV AgVo Ago gm§Jy eH$Vmo. øm Ajmcm Agcoë`m XmoZ Q>moH$m§Zm Yw«do Ago åhUVmV.

{MÌ ^2.3 ^«‘U Aj XmI{dUmam ½cmo~

`m {df`m§Mr AmUIr OmñV ‘m{hVr {‘idÊ`mgmR>r ^y‘Ü` aofmdê$Z Y«wdmH$So> {d{dY a§JmMo VrZ qH$dm Mma MH«o$ R>odm. AmVm ½cmo~cm {’$adm.

H$moUVo MH«$ H$m ^«‘Um‘Ü`o OmñV A§Va H$mnVo Am{U H$moUVo H$‘r A§Va H$mnVo Vo gm§Jm?

CÎmaYw«d Aúm

{dfwdd¥Îm aofm X{jUYw«d Aúm

{Xem

SCERT TELANGANA

EH$m doir Y«wdmda MH«$ R>odco Va Vo MH«$ hcVm hcV Zmhr åhUOo Ë`mM OmJoda amhVo Aer ‘m{hVr {‘iVo. ^y‘Ü`aoIoda MH«$ R>odco Va H$m` hmoVo?

½cmo~darc aoIm

½cmo~da EH$‘oH$m§er OmoS>Umè`m AZoH$ aoIm§Zm nm{hc§V H$m? H$mhr CÎma Y«wdmnmgyZ X{jU Yw«dmH$So>, Am{U H$mhr n{ü‘oH$Sy>Z nyd}H$So> AmhoV. ho ½cmo~da EH$m àm§Vcm AmoiIÊ`mgmR>r ZH$memda H$mT>coë`m H$mën{ZH$

aoIm AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm H$go H$mT>VmV Vo nwT>À`m dJm©V {eHy$.

AmVm AmnU ‘w»` aoIm§{df`r ‘m{hVr {‘idy `m.

Ajm§e Ajm§e Ajm§e Ajm§e Ajm§e

n{ü‘oH$Sy>Z nyd}H$So> AgUmè`m aoIm Ajm§e hmoV.

øm Ajm§e aoIm§Zm nm{hc§V H$m ? Ë`mMr cm§~r ~amo~a

‘moOm Vo gd© gma»`m cm§~r‘Ü`o AmhoV Ago dmQ>Vo H$m?

{MÌ ^2.4 Ajm§e

øm Ajm§em‘Ü`o cm§~ Amho Vo ^y‘Ü`aoIm. hr

½cmo~cm XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ H$arV AgVo. øm XmoZ AY©^mJmcm AY©Jmoc Ago åhUVmV.

½cmo~‘Ü`o ^y‘Ü`aoIm AmoiIyZ Vr H$moUË`m I§S>m‘YyZ OmVo Vo {chm. VemM àH$mao CÎma, X{jU AY©Jmocmcm AmoiIm. H$moUË`m AY©Jmocm‘Ü`o ^maV

Xoe Amho? H$moUË`m AY©Jmocm‘Ü`o OmñV nmUr Amho?

aoIm§e aoIm§eaoIm§e aoIm§eaoIm§e

EH$m Y«wdmnmgyZ Xwgè`m Yw«dmcm gai C^

{‘gi{dV Agcoë`m aoImZm aoIm§e Ago åhUVmV.

Ajm§emgmaIo ZgyZ ho gd© EH$mM cm§§~r‘Ü`o AgVmV.

XmoZ ‘w»` aoIm§e AmhoV. EH$ {J«ZrM aoIm§e. {hcmM

"⁰' {S>J«r aoIme Ago gwÕm åhUVmV. Xwgar EH$

Am§VaOmVr` H$mc‘mZ aoIm. øm aoImÀ`m àm‘w»`m~Ôc nwT>À`m dJm©V ‘m{hVr {‘idVm `oVo.

{MÌ ^2.5 aoIm§e

Ajm§e aoIm§e {‘iyZ EH$m OmirgmaIo nm§Kê$Z R>odë`m‘wio EH$m àm§Vmcm AmoiIÊ`mgmR>r ‘XV {‘iVo.

EH$m àm§VmMo Ajm§e aoIm§emMr ‘m{hVr {‘imcr Va Ë`m àm§VmZm ½cmo~ qH$dm ZH$mem‘Ü`o gai AmoiIy eH$Vmo.

‘hÎdmMo eãX

‘hÎdmMo eãX‘hÎdmMo eãX

‘hÎdmMo eãX

‘hÎdmMo eãX Ajm§e H$mc‘mZ aoIm

aoIm§e Aj dmaaofm

SCERT TELANGANA

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 13 Vw‘À`m Aä`mgmMr nwZamd¥Îmr H$am

1. ~mOyÀ`m nmZmda EH$ OJmMm ZH$mem Amho. I§S>, ‘hmg‘wÐ, `m§Mr Zmdo Ë`m§À`m ñWmZm§da {chm. g‘wÐmMo nmUr {Zù`m a§Jm‘Ü`o Am{U I§S> EH$m doJù`m a§Jm‘Ü`o XmIdm.

2. n¥Ïdr CWi Amho Ago a‘oe åhUVmo. Va Vwåhr H$m` åhUVm?

3. EH$m hmVmVrc ~m§JS>r amoPr Q>o~cmda {’$adV Amho. Vwåhmcm H$moUVm AmH$ma ‘ZmV dmQ>Vmo?

4. H$moc§~ggma»`m BVa {Okmgy emoYH$Ë`m©Zm AmoiIyZ Ë`m§Mr ‘m{hVr {‘idm.

5. EH$m M|Sy>À`m da Ajm§e aoIm§e H$mT>m.

6. ""gy`© àË`oH$ {Xder nyd}H$Sy>Z CJdVmo'' H$maU ‘m{hVr H$am?

7. ½cmo~/ ZH$mem da H$mën{ZH$ aoIm H$emgmR>r H$mT>mì`mV?

8. Imcrc {Xcoë`m {MÌm§V H$mù`m ^mJmcm nmhÿZ Ë`mMo Zmd [aH$må`m OmJoV {chm?

9. n¥Ïdr {df`r _m{hVr {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r emókm§Zr Hoo$coë`m à`ËZm~Ôc {chm?

10.• nmZ H«$. 14 darc ZH$memVrc I§S> Am{U _hmgm§Jam§Zm AmoiIm?

SCERT TELANGANA

{MÌ … 2.6 OJmMm ZH$mem

SCERT

TELANGANA

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 15

3

nmR>

^mJ "A'

^mJ "A' ^mJ "A'

^mJ "A' ^mJ "A'

Voc§JmZmVrc ^yñdê$n

‘w»`V: VrZ àH$maMo ^yñdê$n AmhoV. Vo Ago nd©V, nR>mao Am{U ‘¡XmZ ho hmo`. Vwåhr nd©VmÀ`m am§Jm nm{hë`m AgVrc. nd©V A{Ve` C§M Am{U ^ì` Ago AgVmV. Vo n¥ÏdrÀ`m n¥ð>^mJmMm ~amMgm ‘moR>m ^mJ ì`mnVmV. Q>moH$mcm chmZgm ^mJ AgVmo. ^maV XoemÀ`m ZH$mem_Ü`o {h_mc`, Amad„r, qdÜ`m, gmVnwS>çm, nd©Vm§Mo {Z[aúmU H$am. ho Amnë`m XoemVrc _w»` nd©VloUr AmhoV. Amnë`m amï´>mV gwÜXm

Am{Xcm~mX, H$ar_ZJa, a§JmoaÈ>r, _h~w~ZJa Am{U Iå__ {Oëøm_Ü`o `m nd©Vam§Jm Hw$R>o Hw$R>o AmT>iwZ

`oVmV. Am{Xcm~mX _Yrc gmV_mcm nd©V, _h~w~ZJa _Yrc ~mcmKmQ> nd©V, a§JmaoÈ>r {OëømV _Yrc AZ§V{Jar nd©V, H$ar_ZJa _Yrc H§$YrH$c Am{U amIr nd©VmÀ`m loUr ZH$memV {Z[aúmU H$é eH$Vm.

gmnoúmnUo gnmQ> n¥ð> ^mJ Agcoë`m na§Vw H$mhr {R>H$mUr C§M ^w^mJ Agcoë`m {R>H$mUm§Zm

^w^mJmcm nR>mao Ago åhUVmV. Voc§JmZmMm A{YH$ ^w^mJ nR>mè`m§Zr ì`mncocm Amho. Ë`m§Zm X»IZ nR>mao Ago åhUVmV. h¡Ðm~mX Am{U qgH$Ð~mX ho ZJa `mM nR>mar ^mJm_Ü`o dgë`mMo AmT>iVmV. nR>mao ZgwZ AmnU amhVmo Vr n¥Ïdr g‘Vmoc qH$dm EH$gmaIr Zmhr. AZoH$ {R>H$mUr C§M-gIc Amho. H$mhr {R>H$mUr

‘moR>‘moR>o nd©V, Q>oH$S>çm AË`m{YH$ ngacr AmhoV Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr {demc ‘¡XmZr àXoe AmhoV. EH$m ñdV§Ì àm§VmhÿZ Xwgè`m ñdV§Ì àm§VmMm àdmg Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`m‘Yrc ’$aH$ AmoiIy eH$Vmo. `mcmM ^yZ¡g{J©H$Vm Ago åhUVmV.

{MÌ ^3.1 Q>oH$S>çm

ho {MÌ X»IZÀ`m nR>mamMm EH$ ^mJ Amho ho {MÌ X»IZÀ`m nR>mamMm EH$ ^mJ Amho ho {MÌ X»IZÀ`m nR>mamMm EH$ ^mJ Amho ho {MÌ X»IZÀ`m nR>mamMm EH$ ^mJ Amho ho {MÌ X»IZÀ`m nR>mamMm EH$ ^mJ Amho

SCERT TELANGANA

gnmQ> d g_Vc AgUmè`m {demc àm§VmZm _¡XmZo Ago åhUVmV. ho ^maV Xoem_Ü`o nwd© X»IZ ~§Jmc ImS>rÀ`m {H$Zmè`mda AmhoV.

Voc§JmZmVrc A{YH$ àm§V X»IZ nR>mao ^w_r Agë`m_wio `m àm§VmV Voc§JmZm nR>mar àXoe Ago åhUVmV.

nd©Vr` nR>ma ^w_r EodT>oM ZgwZ gnmQ> d g_Vmoc Aem {demc àm§VmZm _¡XmZ Ago åhUVmV.

ZXrZo dmhþZ AmZcoë`m Jmim_wio ho àm§V V`ma hmoVmV.

qgYw Am{U VrÀ`m CnZÚm§Zr n§Om~ _¡XmZmMr {Z_uVr Ho$cr, J§Jm ZXr CÎmaàXoe, {~hma, ~§Jmc amï´>mÀ`m g^modVr dmhþZ J§Jm_¡XmZmMr {Z_uVr Pmcr. `m XmoZ

{demc _¡Xm§ZmZm {_giwZ J§Jm qgYw _¡XmZo åhUwZ AmoiIë`m OmVo. nwdm}Îma _¡XmZo ^maV XoemÀ`m nwd}H$S>o

~§Jmc ImS>rÀ`m {H$Zmè`mda {dñVarV AmhoV.

V{_cZmSw>, Am§Y« àXoe, Amoargm Am{U npíM_ ~§Jmc amÁ`m_Yrc A{YH$ àm§V nwdm}Îma _¡XmZm_Ü`o _moS>Vmo.

^maV XoemÀ`m npíM_ocm npíM_moÎma _¡XmZo AmhoV.

^w^mJmdarc Agcoë`m ñdénm§Zm nd©Vo, _¡XmZo BË`mXrZm Z¡g{J©H$ cúmUo Ago åhUVmV. Voc§JmZm amï´>

{d{dY Z¡g{J©H$ ñdénm§Zr ^acocm Amho. 17 nmZmda {Xcoë`m ZH$mem nhm. Amnë`m amï´>mÀ`m npíM_ocm Voc§JmZm nR>ma ^w_r ì`mncocr Amho. JmoXmdar, H¥$îUm ZXr `m nR>ma ^w_rÀ`m nwd}H$Sw>Z dmhV AgV. Ë`m XmoKm§_Yrc Cacoë`m àm§VmZm CVaVm Voc§JmZm nR>mar àXoe Ago åhUVmV. ho nU nR>ma nU nwd}H$S>o PwH$coco Amho. OmoS> ZJao Agcoë`m h¡Ðm~mX Am{U qgH«$Xm~mX ZJao, a§JmaoÈ>r, _h~w~ZJa, ZcJm|È>m, `m {OëømVrc A{YH$Va Jmdo darc Voc§JmZm nR>ma ^w_r _Ü`o AgwZ da§Jc, H$[a_ZJa ehao Imcrc ^mJmVrc Voc§JmZm {MÌ 3.2 ‘¡XmZo

SCERT TELANGANA

Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 17 nR>ma ^w_rV _moS>VmV. `m ^wñdénm{df`r Am{U VoWrc

cmoH$m§À`m {OdZe¡cr H$em àH$mao Amho ho `oUmè`m nmR>mV nmhþ eH$Vmo.

♦ BWo {Xcoë`m {MÌmMo {Z[ajU H$ê$Z Vw‘Mm àm§V nd©V, àm§V Amho H$m`, nR>ma Amho H$m`, qH$dm ‘¡XmZ àm§V Amho H$m` `mVrc H$moUVm ^y^mJ Amho `mMr

‘m{hVr {‘idyZ ¿`m.

♦ Voc§JmZm ZH$mem nmhþZ Imcrc {Xcoë`m eham§Zm H$moUVo darc ^w^mJ Amho d H$moUVo Imcrc ^w^mJ Amho Vo AmoiIm. ^wdZ[Jar, ~ÐmMc_, qgYrnoR>, _§WZr, _§Mr[a`mc, {Oëho H$moUË`m nR>ma àm§VmV `oVmV Vo AmoiIm.

♦ AZ§V{Jar nd©V, Xod{Jar nd©V, {Z_©c nd©V, {gZ©n„r nd©V H$moUË`m {OëømV AmhoV.

So>ëQ>m -{Ì^yO àXoe So>ëQ>m -{Ì^yO àXoeSo>ëQ>m -{Ì^yO àXoe So>ëQ>m -{Ì^yO àXoe So>ëQ>m -{Ì^yO àXoe

ZXrÀ`m ‘wImOdi ZÚm§À`m AZoH$ CnZÚm ~ZVmV. `m

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estern Ghat W s

{MÌ 4.6 X{jU ^maVmVrc à‘wI ^yñdê$no

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S>m|Ja Am{U nd©Vo

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♦ ~m§Y, So>ëQ>m àm§V O{‘Zr H$moUË`m àH$mao à^m{dV H$arV Amho {dMma H$am.

♦ H¥$îUm, JmoXmdar, So>ëQ>m àm§Vm‘Ü`o H$moUH$moUVo {Oëho AmhoV. AmoiIm.

♦ H¥$îUm ZXr‘Ü`o {‘giUmè`m XmoZ CnZÚm§Zm AmoiIm.

♦ H¥$îUm ZXrda {Z‘m©U Ho$coë`m XmoZ ‘moR>o ~m§Y AmoiIm.

♦ _oXH$ {OëømV gdm©V _moR>m ~m§Y H$m {Z_m©U hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr?

H¥$îUm JmoXmdar

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Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 19

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àdmg Ho$ë`mZ§Va ~§Xa H$mcdm nma H$ê$Z noZ‘Hw$a JmdmV nmoh§Mcmo. ~§Xa H$mcdm H¥$îUm ZXrda {dO`dmS>çmOdi Agcoë`m àH$mem‘ ~°aoOdê$Z dmhV AgVmo. `m JmdmÀ`m CÎma-npíM‘ {XeoH$Sw>Z X{jU- nwd© {Xeobm hm H$mcdm dmhV AgVmo.

Jmdm‘Ü`o gwnrH$ O{‘Zs¨Zm chmZ chmZ H$mcì`mÛmao ~§Xa H$mcì`mMo nmUr nwadR>m

H$aVmV. noZ‘Hw$ê$ ~§Xa H$mcdm H¥$îUm ZXrÀ`m ‘Ü`o Amho.

{MÌ ^4.8 ~§Xa H$mcì`mcm {MQ>Hy$Z Agcoco PmonSo>

H¥$îUm So>ëQ>m‘Yrc EH$ Jmd - noZ‘Hw$ê$

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Amåhr àdmg Ho$cocm gd© ^mJ g‘Vmoc Amho. Hw$R>ohr nd©Vo, MT>CVma {Xgco ZmhrV. {H$VrVar chmZ chmZ H$mcì`m§Zm nma H$ê$Z àdmg Ho$cm Amho. H$mcì`m§À`m XmoÝhr ~mOyg {hadrJma PmSo> {XgV hmoVr.

{MÌ ^4.7 noZ‘Hw$a ‘¡XmZ ^y^mJmcm XmI{dUmao {MÌ àH$me‘ ~°aoO

H¥$îUm {Vamda {dO`dmS>m ZJa dgcoco Amho.

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O‘rZ O‘rZO‘rZ O‘rZO‘rZ

noZ‘Hw$ê$Mr O‘rZ {H$VrVar gw[nH$ Am{U Jmi Agcocr H$mir^moa O‘rZ Amho. ZXrVyZ dmhV Amcocr

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amhÊ`mgmR>r ho EH$ ‘w»` H$maU Amho.

♦ O{‘ZrVrc AmocganUmMm {nHo$

{nH$dÊ`mgmR>rMm H$m` g§~§Y Amho?

♦ noZ‘Hw$é JmdmÀ`m ZH$mem‘Ü`o H$mcdm, añVo, JmdmÀ`m ‘Ü`^mJr Agcoë`m PmonS>çm cjnyd©H$ nmhm.

♦ JmdÀ`m ZH$mem‘Ü`o ~§Xa H$mcì`mnmgyZ O{‘Zrcm nmUr gmoS>Umè`m N>moQ>çm H$mcì`m§Zm nmhm. Ë`mVrc nmUr H$moUË`m {XeoZo dmhV Amho?

♦ JmdmÀ`m ZH$memVrc H$mcì`mnmgyZ eoVr H$aUmè`m O{‘Zrg hiydmanUo N>m`mnyU© (goS>) H$am.

dfm©nmV, OcqgMZ dfm©nmV, OcqgMZdfm©nmV, OcqgMZ dfm©nmV, OcqgMZdfm©nmV, OcqgMZ

`m àm§VmV OyZnmgyZ Am°ŠQ>mo~an`ªV Z¡F$Ë`

F$VwndZm‘wio OmñV nmdgmMr Zm|X hmoV AgVo.

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Am°ŠQ>mo~aÀ`m Z§Va nmD$g H$‘r Agë`m‘wio {dhra qH$dm ~moa{dhra `m§Mo nmUr Cn`moJmV AmUVmV.

JmdmÀ`m nyd}g AgUmè`m gnmQ> O{‘Zrg N>moQ>çm H$mcì`mÛmao nmUr nwadR>m H$aVm `oVmo. npíM_

CÎma ~mOyg AgUmar O‘rZ MT>CVma Agë`m‘wio H$mcì`mÛmao ì`dgm` H$aUo eŠ` Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r ~moAa {dhrarMo nmUr Ë`m§Zm AmYma Amho. noZ‘Hw$é ho Jmd H¥$îUm ZXr Odi Agë`m‘wio 15 qH$dm 25 ’y$Q> ImoXco H$s ^anya nmUr {‘iV AgVo.

{MÌ ^4.9 noZ‘Hw$é {MÌ

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Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 Voc§JmZm amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mo’$V {dVaU 2019-20 21 Ë`mgmR>r nd©V O‘rZ, nR>mao Ë`m§À`mer VwcZm

Ho$cr Va BH$So> ~moa{dhra ImoXÊ`mgmR>r H$‘r IM©

cmJVmo. `m àm§VmV gJirH$So> {dÚwVrH$aU hmoD$Z nwîH$i {dhrar nmÊ`mZo ^ê$Z AgyZ Ocm§VJ©V ‘moQ>marZo (g~‘{g©~c) H$m‘ H$arV AmhoV.

{MÌ ^4.10 ~moAaÀ`m nmÊ`mÛmao gmir, D$gmMr eoVr.

`m {H$Zma ‘¡XmZ àm§VmV OmñV nmUr AgVo , nmM ‘{hZo nmD$g nS>V AgVmo. ã`maoOdê$Z H$mcì`mÛmao nmUr nwadR>m AdH$me Agë`m‘wio {nHo$

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H$R>rU Amho.

♦ Vw‘À`m àm§VmV OyZnmgyZ Am°ŠQ>mo~an`ªV nmD$g nS>Vmo H$m`?

♦ Vw‘À`m àm§VmV nS>Umam nmD$g {VWë`m ì`mdgm{`H$ O‘rZrg nwaogm Amho H$m`?

♦ Vw‘À`m àm§VmVrc Am{U H¥$îUm So>ëQ>m àm§VmVrc nmUrnwadR>çm§‘Yrc ’$aH$ gm§Jm?

dmXio Am{U nya dmXio Am{U nyadmXio Am{U nya dmXio Am{U nya dmXio Am{U nya

Am§Y«àXoe‘Ü`o gVV nya `oV Agcocm {Oëhm åhUOo H¥$îUm {Oëhm EH$ Amho. nwamÀ`m nmÊ`m‘wio ZXrda Agcoco ‘moR>o YaU nyVr© ñWmB©‘Ü`o ^ê$Z Joë`mZ§Va Ë`m nmÊ`mcm CVma ^mJmg gmoSy>Z XoVmV.

nwamMo nmUr OodT>o {dZmeH$mar VodT>oM eoVrgmR>r Cn`wº$ R>aVo. dmXim‘wio gwÕm OmñV nmD$g nSy>Z ZÚm§Zm nya `oVmo. dmXim‘wio ‘moR>‘moR>r PmSo>, Kao CX²ÜdñV hmoD$Z nwam‘Ü`o dmhV `oVmV. noZ‘Hw$é JmdmV Imoc àm§V Zgë`m‘wio nyamÀ`m àdmhmnmgyZ hmZr hmoV Zmhr. 1997, 2006, 2009 dfr© H¥$îUm ZXrcm nya Amcm Varhr `m JmdmMo ZwH$gmZ Pmco Zmhr.

♦ ZXrcm `oUmao nya {dZmeH$mar H$s CËnÎmrH$maH$

AgVmV `mMm {dMma H$am.

♦ Vw‘À`m dS>rcYmè`m ‘mUgm§Zm {dMmam. AJmoXa Amcoco nya, Ë`m§Mo n[aUm‘m{df`r ‘m{hVr {‘idm.

♦ dmXim‘wio, nyam‘wio Pmcobo ZwH$gmZ H$moUË`m àH$mao H$‘r H$ê$ eH$Vmo.

{nHo$

{H$ZmanÅ>r ‘¡XmZ {deofV: H¥$îUm {Oëøm‘Ü`o gmirMo nrH$ OmñV à‘mUmV {nH$dVmV. ‘w»`V: CWi O{‘Zr‘Ü`o gmirMr cmJdS> H$arV AgVmV.

nmD$gH$mir åhUOo OyZ, Owc¡, ‘{hÝ`m‘Ü`o gmirMo amon cmdVmV. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`mcm eoVmV cmdVmV.

Ë`mcmM gmëdm åhUVmV, {VH$So> gmirMo nrH$ XoUmao {~`mUo åhUOo ²⁷¹⁶, ñdZm©, ~r.nr.Q>r., E‘.Q>r.`y.

BË`mXr AmhoV.

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