Department for providing rainfall data. We also express our gratitude to Department of

Team

Telangana State Remote Sensing Applications Centre (TRAC)

Sri K. Ramakrishna Rao, IAS

Dr. G. Sreenivasa Reddy

Dr. M . Kavitha

Sri. A. Kamalakar Reddy

Sri. N. Narender Director General (FAC)

Principal Secretary (Finance and Planning) Government of Telangana

Addl. Director General

Scientist 'SC'

Senior Technical Officer

Technical Officer

Acknowledgement

We take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to Directorate of Economics and

Statistics, Telangana State Developing Planning Society, and India Meteorological

Department for providing rainfall data. We also express our gratitude to Department of

Agriculture and Irrigation Department for sharing progress of crop sowings and

reservoir water levels data respectively for integrated seasonal condition monitoring of

the state.

HIGHLIGHTS

INTEGRATED SEASONAL CONDITION M ONITORING SYSTEM (ISM S) - TELANGANA Cumulative Report up to 31^stJuly, 2018

“Normal” 382

“Watch” 165

“Alert” 37

Rainfall 01

June to 3 1

July, 2018

270 46%

50 9%

12 2%

3 1%

249 43%

Seasonal Condition up to 31^{s t}of July 2018 Rainfall from 1^{s t}June to 31`^{s t}July 2018

Seasonal condition of Telangana up to 31^{s t}of July 2018

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Seasonal condition is categorised as in Mandalsas on date 31^stJuly2018 Seasonal condition is categorised as in Mandalsas on date 31^stJuly2018 Seasonal condition is categorised as in Mandalsas on date 31^st July2018

Mandals out of 584 ( ) of state received rainfall. Mandals ( ) of the state received rainfall. Mandals ( ) of the state

received rainfall.

Mandals ( )of the state received rainfall.

Mandals ( ) have received rainfallrespectively.

Deficient

Excess

Large Deficient

Large Excess

Normal

CONTENTS

S. No. Description Page No

List of Tables

Table No. Description Page No

1 Background and Rationale 1

2 Data used, Indicators and Methodology 3

3 Present status up to Month of Ju ly 2018 7

3.1 Rainfall data 7

3.2 Reservoir Water Levels 11

3.3 Crop Sowing Progress 12

3. 4 Vegetation Index 15

3. 5 Surface Wetness Indicators 20

3. 6 Drought situation of Mandals 25

3.7 Dry Spells 29

3.8 NDVI / NDWI / VCI Status 31

4 Conclusions 32

References 33

1 Classification of agricultural situation 3

2 Data source and indicators 3

3 Rainfall status as on

2018 8

4 Reservoir water levels 11

List of Figures Figure

No. Description Page. No

ANNEXUR

S. No Description Page. No

1 Location of Automatic Weather Stations 2

2 Flow chart of drought assessment methodology 6

3 Deviation of rainfall in percent w.r.t. normal from June 01

to July15

, 2018 9 4 Deviation of rainfall in percent w.r.t. normal from June 01

to July 31

, 2018 10 5 District wise deviation from normal crop sown area as on date 01- 0 8 -2018 12 6 District wise deviation (graph) from normal crop sown area as on date 01- 0 8 2018 14

7 NDVI - MODIS: Month of July 2018 15

8 NDVI - MODIS, Monthly agricultural situation from June and July 2018 16 9 NDVI - MODIS, Monthly agricultural situation from June 2018, 2017 and 2016 17 10 NDVI deviation (MODIS - 250m), Month of June 2018 w.r.t. 2013 18 11 NDVI Condition (MODIS - 250m), June 01

to July 31

2018 19

12 NDWI - MODIS: Month of July 2018 20

13 NDWI - MODIS, Monthly agricultural situation from June and July 2018 21 14 NDWI - MODIS, Monthly agricultural situation from June 2018, 2017 and 2016 22 15 NDWI deviation (MODIS - 250m), Month of July 2018 w.r.t. 2013 23 16 NDWI Condition (MODIS - 250m), June 01

to July 31

2018 24

17 Mandal wise drought assessment based on ISMS criterion ²⁵

18 Dry spells from June 01

to July 31

, 2018 29

19 Dry spells W ith Rainfall Status from June 01

to July 31

, 2018 30

E

I District wise maps showing Watch and Alert Mandals 34

1. Background and Rationale

Group 1

Group 2

Supplementary indicators

Drought is a complex natural hazard. It is defined as any deficiency of water to satisfy the normal need to agriculture, livestock, industry, or human population. Drought assessment and monitoring is essential for the agricultural sector to take appropriate mitigation measures. Drought indices derived from satellite data play a major role in assessing the health and condition of the crops/vegetation.

National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS) project of National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)established a remote sensing based drought assessment protocol utilizing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The Government of India has established Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre (MNCFC) under Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, New Delhi for carrying out drought assessment at national level.

The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India published a drought manual in 2016 which suggested parameters like rainfall deficiency, area under sowing, NDVI, Moisture Adequacy Index (MAI) and some other indictors to declare drought. The Government of Telangana (GoTS) recommended that drought declaration should include three indices with at least one index from each of the following two groups;

Rainfall deviation Dry spell

MAI

NDVI

Area reduction under major crop (s)

Th

sectors.

Depletion in ground water level

Fodder shortage

Drinking water shortage

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•

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•

•

•

•

Concurrent monitoring of seasonal conditions using remote sensing, extensive weather network data and continuous ground truth.

Develop an early warning (monitoring and forecasting) of drought using suite of indicators, which will help to increase drought preparedness, and identify and implement appropriate Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures.

Early warning to the Districts/Mandals.

Telangana State Remote Sensing Applications Centre (TRAC) has established a protocol ). The objectivesof the ISMS are

ISMS uses the rainfall data provided by Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DE&S), weekly progress of crop area sowings, groundwater level and its fluctuation, command and non- command area, water releases data, reservoir levels in addition to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) based methodology of MNCFC. This output is verified through ground truth, additionally in context of the state specific drought declaration criteria. The agricultural situation is classified in three to four categories as per the NRSC i.e. Normal, Watch, Alert for June to August and Normal, Mild, Moderate and Severe for September to October. The details of the classification of agricultural situation are given in Table 1.

Figure 1: Location of automatic weather stations

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (ISMS

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Table. 1. Classification of agricultura l situation

Duration Condition Description

2. Data used, Indicators and M ethodology 2.1. Data used

Table. 2. Data source and ind icators

Data source P roduct Indicators

June - August

Normal Agricultural situation is normal Watch

Progress of agricultural situation is slow Ample scope for recovery

No external intervention needed

Alert

Very slow progress of agricultural situation Need for intervention.

Develop and implement contingency plans to minimise loss

September - October

Mild

drought Crops have suffered stress slightly Moderate

drought

Considerable loss in production.

Take measures to alleviate suffering Severe High risk significant reduction in crop yield

Management measures to provide relief

Details of data used underproject are discussed in Table 2.

MODIS (250/500m) Surface reflectance NDVI & NDWI

AWiFS Surface reflectance NDVI & NDWI

AWS/ DES Daily rainfall & soil moisture Crop sown area

Crop cutting experiments

Rainfall deviation Dry spells

Crop yield Agriculture

Department, GoTS Weekly sowing progress District wise sown areas deviation from normal Irrigation Department,

GoTS

Reservoir levels/ Water release data

Command area Mandals under canal irrigation

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••

••

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2.2. Indicators and Index

2.2.1. Rainfall data

2.2.2. Reservoir water levels and water release - major and medium project (

2.2.3. Crop sowing progress

2.2.4. Vegetation index

In Telangana, South-West Monsoon is crucial for agriculture sector. ISMS uses integrated (AWS+DES+IMD) mandal wise rainfall data provided by Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DES). This data is used for computation of meteorological drought situation and to derive the mandal wise spatial distribution of rainfall in the state.

A scheme having Culturable Command Area CCA) up to 2,000 hectares individually is classified as minor irrigation scheme. A scheme having CCA more than 2,000 hectares and up to 10,000 hectares individually is a medium irrigation scheme. A scheme having CCA more than 10,000 hectares is major irrigation scheme. In Telangana, water is released during Kharif season to major and medium command areas.

Weekly crop sowing progress reports are taken from 'Season and Crop Coverage Report- Kharif 2017' of Commissionerate of Agriculture, Telangana. The report includes current status of Weather condition, Water level, Crop sowing and Agricultural Operations.

The crop/vegetation reflects high energy in the near infrared band due its canopy geometry and health of the standing crops/vegetation and absorbs high in the red band due to its biomass and photosynthesis. Uses of these contrast characteristics of vegetation in near infrared and red bands indicate both the health and condition of the crops/vegetation. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely used for operational drought assessment because of its simplicity in calculation, easy to interpret and its ability to partially compensate for the effects of atmosphere, illumination geometry etc., (Malingreau 1986, Tucker and Chowdhary 1987, Kogan 1995).

NDVI is derived by the difference of these measurements and divided by their sum.

The vegetation index is generated from each of the available satellite data irrespective of the cloud cover present. To minimize the cloud, monthly time composite vegetation index is generated.

nde = -

+

2.2.5. Surface wetness indicator

2.2.6. Vegetation condition index

Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) band is sensitive to moisture available in soil as well as in crop canopy. In the beginning of the cropping season, soil background is dominant hence SWIR is sensitive to soil moisture in the top 1-2 cm. As the crop progresses, SWIR becomes sensitive to leaf moisture content. SWIR band provides only surface wetness information. When the crop is grown-up, SWIR response is only from canopy and not from the underlying soil. NDWI using SWIR can complement NDVI for drought assessment particularly in the beginning of the cropping season. NDWI is derived as under;

Higher values of NDWI signify more surface wetness. The wetness index is generated from each of the available satellite data irrespective of the cloud cover present. To minimize the cloud, monthly time compositewetness index is generated.

Kogan (1995) developed Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) using the range of NDVI as under,

The current drought assessment expressed as percentage of deviation of NDVI and NDWI based on 10 year NDVI and NDWI index values. The minimum and maximum value of NDVI and NDWI, the VCI discriminated between the weather components.

Z = ( - )

( + )

? = ( - Ð )

( - Ð )*

100

Composite Fortnightly Report Ground

Truth

Weekly Sowing Progress

Reservoir Level Water Release 2.3 Methodology

Figure 2: Flow chart of drought assessment methodology

NDVI & NDWI NDVI & NDWI

Satellite Data

MODIS AWiFS

VCI Deviation w.r.t.

Normal year

% Rainfall Command and Non

command areas Dry Spell

June to Aug

Sept to Oct

June to Aug

Sept to Oct Normal

watch Alert Normal

Mild Moderate

Severe

Normal Watch

Alert Normal

Mild Moderate

Severe

Sampling Plan based on:

Meteorological drought Command/Non command area

Drought Prone border line areas

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The methodology to assess and monitor the agricultural conditions and situation in the state at district and Mandal level uses IRS Resourcesat-2 AWiFS data. Indian Remote Sensing satellite (IRS) Resourcesat-2 having Advanced Wide Imaging Field Sensor (AWiFS) payload collects data in two spectral bands 0.62-0.68µm (red) and 0.77-0.86 µm (near infrared) with spatial resolution of 56 m and ground swath of 740 km with a revisit period of 5 days. Along with this MODIS 250/500 m satellite data provide spectra, radiometric and spatial resolutions products for better monitoring of the agriculture. The combination of AWiFS and MODIS is useful to increase the frequency of images.

The different activities carried out through ISMS commence with acquisition of MODIS (250 m) and AWiFS (56 m) satellite data. The satellite data being processed and NDVI and NDWI indices are developed. Based on these indices deviation with respect to normal year (2013) is calculated and Mandal wise statistics are derived. The agricultural situation is assessed incorporating rainfall deviation, command and non command areas, dry spell, drought prone border line areas, crop sown area progress and ground truth along with satellite derived indices.

The flow chart of methodology is shown in Figure2.

The status of rainfall as on 31^stJuly2018 is shown in Table.3.

Mandals ( ) of the state received (+60% and above) rainfall.

Mandals ( )of the state received (+20% to +59%) rainfall. Mandals ( ) have received (+19% to -19%)rainfall.

Mandals out of 584 ( ) of state received (-20% to -59%) rainfall. Mandals ( )of the state received (-60% to -99%)rainfall.

3. P resent status up to 31^stof July 2018

3.1. Rainfall data

3 1% Large Excess

50 9% Excess

249 43% Normal

270 46% Deficient

12 2% Large Deficient

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§

Table. 3. Rainfall status as on 31^{s t}July2018

Sl. No. District Name Large

Deficient Deficient Normal Excess Large Excess

Grand Total

Total 12 270 249 50 3 584

SO U RC E : AWS, D E& S and IM D , H YD ER AB AD

1 Adilabad 11 7 18

2 Komaram Bheem 3 7 5 15

3 Mancherial 5 13 18

4 Nirmal 9 9 1 19

5 Nizamabad 10 15 2 27

6 Jagtial 1 17 18

7 Peddapalli 3 5 6 14

8 Jayashankar 3 13 3 1 20

9 Bhadradri 4 7 12 23

10 Mahabubabad 5 11 16

11 Warangal Rural 9 6 15

12 Warangal Urban 4 6 1 11

13 Karimnagar 6 9 1 16

14 Rajanna 7 6 13

15 Kamareddy 13 8 1 22

16 Sangareddy 2 19 5 26

17 Medak 1 17 2 20

18 Siddipet 3 15 4 22

19 Jangaon 8 4 1 13

20 Yadadri 2 11 3 16

21 Medchal Malkajg 10 4 14

22 Hyderabad 15 1 16

23 Rangareddy 1 17 6 2 1 27

24 Vikarabad 12 6 18

25 Mahabubnagar 6 18 1 1 26

26 Jogulamba 6 5 1 12

27 Wanaparthy 11 3 14

28 Nagarkurnool 10 10 20

29 Nalgonda 3 13 11 4 31

30 Suryapet 16 7 23

31 Khammam 2 17 2 21

The % deviation of Actual & Normal rainfall received up to 31^stJuly2018 is shown in Fig. 3 & 4 respectively.

Figure 4: Deviation of rainfall in percent w.r.t. normal from June 01^stto July 31^st, 2018

3.2. Reservoir water levels

Table.4. Reservoir Water Levels

PARTICULARS OF MAJOR RESERVOIRS AS ON 31/July /2018

Sl

No Reservoir Name Time

FRL ^Gross Capacity

THIS YEAR LAST YEAR

As on As on

(feet) (TMC)

Level ^Gross

Storage Inflow Outflow Level ^Gross Storage (in

feet) (TMC) (Cusecs) (Cusecs) (in feet) (TMC) Krishna Basin

1 Almatti 2 Jurala

3 Nagarjunasagar 4 Narayanapur 5 Srisailam 6 Tungabhadra 7 Ujjaini

Godavari Basin Jaikwad

Kaddam

10 Lower Manair Dam 11 Nizam sagar 12 Singur 13 Sri Ram Sagar

All the major reservoirs are holding 731.47 TMC as on 31-07-2018, and as on date last year the level had stood at 536.84 TMC. The details of water levels of all major reservoirs as on 31-07- 2018are furnished hereunder in Table.4.

31/July /2018

31/July /2017

09:59 1705 129.721 1704.23 125.47 42278 18816 1704.46 126.74

10:02 1045 9.657 1044.49 9.34 18494 19686 1038.26 5.882

10:03 590 312.045 513.1 136.993 9070 1050 500.7 116.42

10:00 1615 37.646 1614.17 36.98 19399 18754 1613.85 36.35

10:02 885 215.807 873.9 158.25 47953 30657 777.8 19.56

10:01 1633 100.86 1631.57 95.42 23678 17277 1611.55 38.3

10:00 1630 117.24 1618.72 82 2717 298 1621.39 89.36

8 _{10:04 1522 102.732 1506.59 50.78 1805 885 1510.93 62.8}

9 _{08:37 700} 7.6 697.25 6.904 185 894 688.85 5.03

08:36 920 24.074 881.5 3.432 0 99 893.65 7.394

10:04 1405 17.803 1385 2.37 0 52 1380.3 1.352

10:04

1717.

93 29.91 1697.06 7.6 0 230 1709.1 17.99

08:36 1091 90.313 1062 15.93 0 246 1055.5 9.66

So urc e: Irrigatio n De partme nt, Hyde rabad

3.3. Crop Sowing Progress

3382763 4329057

For the weekend of 01^st August,2018 all districts of the stateare showing more than 25 % negative deviation w.r.t. season normal sowings. The total area sown in the state is ha as against the normal sown area of ha as on date. The details are shown in Figure 5and the deviation graph is shown in 6.

Figure 5: District wise deviation from normal crop sown area as on date 01-08-2018

Suryapet 152413 71029 -53.40

Khammam 232315 125168 -46.12

Wanaparthy 79546 47815 -39.89

Jagtial 120602 77046 -36.12

Medak 95843 64047 -33.18

Mahabubabad 121322 81502 -32.82

Jayashankar Bhupalpally 139511 94619 -32.18

Rangareddy 164236 115847 -29.46

Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 114608 82422 -28.08

Bhadradri Kothagudem 125063 91160 -27.11

Mancherial 82187 60817 -26.00

Peddapalle 86491 64681 -25.22

Sangareddy 221614 169582 -23.48

Jogulamba Gadwal 127449 98129 -23.01

Medchal Malkajgiri 6885 5442 -20.96

Warangal Rural 158812 125547 -20.95

Nalgonda 314398 250345 -20.37

Siddipet 202772 162921 -19.65

Vikarabad 171824 139114 -19.04

Nagarkurnool 217191 177788 -18.14

Jangaon 115388 95447 -17.28

Rajanna Sircilla 78986 67092 -15.06

Karimnagar 113839 99051 -12.99

Kumarambheem Asifabad 126015 112063 -11.07

Nirmal 150337 137392 -8.61

Kamareddy 146770 134946 -8.06

Mahabubnagar 242508 227972 -5.99

Nizamabad 172448 163572 -5.15

Adilabad 192626 186251 -3.31

Warangal Urban 55058 53956 -2.00

Hyderabad 0 0 0.00

Table 5: District Wise Crop Sowing Area - Up to the week ending 01-08-2018

S. No District Name Normal (ha) Actual (ha) Deviation%

Total 4329057 3382763

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Figure 6: District wise deviation (graph) from normal crop sown area as on date 01-08-2018

3.4. Vegetation index

Normal in 342 M ild in 115 M oderate in 77 Severe in 50 The Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) for Month of June 2018is shown in the figures and also compared with 2017 and 2016. The year 2013 is treated as a normal year.

Mandal wise NDVI, monthly agricultural situation for the year 2018, 2017 and 2016, deviation of NDVI w.r.t. 2013 are shown in the Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 respectively. The NDVI deviation with respect to the Monthof July 2013 indicated mild to moderate stress in Jagtial, Jangoan, karimnagar, Nalgonda, Peddapalli, Siddipet, Suryapet and Warangal urban Districts of

the State. NDVI condition is , , and

Mandals of the State respectively.

Figure 8: NDVI - MODIS, Monthly agricultural situation from June and July 2018

Figure 10: NDVI deviation (MODIS - 250m), Month ofJuly 2018 w.r.t. 2013

3.5. Surface wetness indicator

Normal in 229 M ild in 75 M oderate in 52 Severe in 228

The map indicates status of moisture availability in soil as well as in crop canopy for Month of July 2018. The year 2013 is treated as a normal year. Mandal wise Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) situation from the year 2018, 2017& 2016, Monthlyagricultural situation deviation of NDWI w.r.t. 2013 are shown in the Figures 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 respectively.

NDWI deviations with respect to Month of June 2013 indicate Moderate to Severe stress in Jagtial, Jangoan, karimnagar, Mahabubabad, Mahabubnagar, Mancherial, Medak, Nalgonda, Peddapalli, Rajanna Siricilla, Rangareddy, Sangareddy, Siddipet, Suryapet, Warangal Urban and Yadadri Bhongiri Districts of the State. NDWI condition is , ,

and Mandals of the State respectively.

Figure 12: NDWI -MO DIS: Month of July 2018

Figure 14: NDWI -MO DIS, Monthly agricultural situation from July 2018, 2017 and 206

Figure 15: NDWI deviation (MODIS - 250m), Month of July 2018 w.r.t. 2013

Figure 16: NDWI Condition (MODIS - 250m), June 01^stto July 31^st2018

3.6. Drought situation of Mandals 3.6.1 Composite criteria

“Watch” in 165

"Alert" in 37

The drought situation in the state is assessed using different indicators viz.,NDVI, NDWI and rainfall deviation of mandals. Compositing all indicators, mandals were categorised into Normal, Watch and Alert. Mandal-wise analysis for the Month of June 2018 indicated “Normal”

agricultural situation in 382Mandals. The agricultural situation is categorized as

and Mandals. The Mandals under Normal, Watch and Alert categories are given in the Table.6.and their spatial distribution is shown in Figure 17.

Table.6. M andals under watch and Alert category based on ISM S criteria

District Name Watch (165) Alert (37)

Bhadradri Kothagudem

Total: 01 Total: 02

Jagtial Total: 05

Jangaon Total: 08 Total: 02

Jogulamba Total: 04

Jayashankar Bhupalpally

Total: 04

Kamareddy Total: 06 Total: 01

Karimnagar Total: 07

Komaram Bheem Total: 01

Mahabubabad Total: 07

Mahabubnagar Total: 06

Mancherial Total: 09

Cherla. Karakagudem, Pinapaka.

Buggaram, Gollapalle, Jagityal Rural, Pegadapalle, Velgatoor.

Bachannapeta, Devaruppala, Gundala, Jangaon, Lingalaghanpur, Narmetta, Palakurthi, Tharigoppula.

Chilpur, Ganpur (stn).

Aiza, Dharur, Maldakal, Undavelli.

Mahadevpur, Mangapet, Mutharam Mahadevpur, Venkatapuram.

Bhiknur, Bibipet, Domakonda, Kamareddy, Naga Reddipet, Tadwai. Rajampet.

Ellandakunta, Gannervaram, Karimnagar, Karimnagar Rural, Kothapalle, Manakondur, Shankarapatnam.

Rebbana.

Danthalapalle, Gudur, Kothaguda, Maripeda, Narsimhulapet, Nellikudur, Peddavangara.

Chinna Chintha Kunta, Jadcherla, Krishna, Midjil, Musapet, Rajapur.

Bellampalle, Bhimaram, Kannepalli, Kasipet, Luxettipet, Mancherial, Mandamarri,

Naspur, Tandur.

District Name Watch (165) Alert (37)

Medak Total: 16 Total: 01

Nagarkurnool Total: 09

Nalgonda Total: 07 Total: 06

Nirmal Total: 06

Nizamabad Total: 02

Peddapalli Total: 02

Rajanna Sirsilla Total: 05

Rangareddy Total: 10 Total: 02

Chegunta, Chilipched, Havelighanpur, Kowdipalle, Kulcharam, Manoharabad, Medak, Narsapur, Narsingi, Ramayampet, Regode, Shankarampet(A), Shankarampet(R), Shivampet, Tekmal, Tupran.

Nijampet.

Amrabad, Balmoor, Bijinapalle, Kalwakurthy, Padra, Peddakothapalle, Telkapalle, Thimmajipeta, Vangoor.

Chandampet, Chandur, Kattangoor, Madugulapally, Munugode, Peddavura, Vemulapalle.

Adavi devula palli, Anumula Haliya, Damaracherla,

Kondamallapally, Miryalaguda, Tirumalagiri Sagar.

Khanpur, Laxmanchanda, Mamda, Nirmal, Nirmal Rural, Pembi.

Indalwai, Mupkal.

Dharmaram, Palakurthy.

Konaraopeta, Sirsilla, Thangallapalle, Vemulawada, Yellareddypeta.

Abdullapurmet, Balapur, Gandipet, Kadthal, Kothur, Maheshwaram, Manchal,

District Name Watch (165) Alert (37)

Siddipet Total: 07 Total: 12

Suryapet Total: 08 Total: 06

Vikarabad Total: 03

Wanaparthy Total: 01

Warangal Rural Total: 08

Warangal Urban Total: 08

Yadadri Bhongir Total: 05 Total: 04

Doultabad, Dubbak, Gajwel, Koheda, Markook, Mirdoddi, Wargal. Anthakkapeta, Cheriyal, Chinnakodur, Jagadevpur,

Komaravelly, Kondapak, Maddur, Mulug, Nanganur, Rayapole, Siddipet (Urban), Thoguta.

Chilkur, Chinthala palem, Chivvem la, Kodad, Mattampalle, Mellachervu, Nagaram, Thirumalagiri.

Garidepalle, Huzur nagar,

Mothey, Neredcherla, Palakeedu, Penpahad.

Kulkacharla, Mominpet, Pudur.

Revelly.

Chennaraopeta, Duggondi, Geesugonda, Khanapur, Nekkonda, Parvathagiri, Raiparthy, Sangem.

Bheemadevarapalle, Elkathurthi, Hanamkonda, Hasanparthy, Khazipet, Khilla Warangal, Velair, Warangal.

Alair, Bibinagar, Mothkur, Turkapalle (M), Yadagirigutta. Addagudur, Atmakur (M),

Mootakondur, Rajapet.

3.7. Dry Spell

43 one dry spell

31 M andals

one dry spell deficient 7 M andals one dry spell large deficient

5 M andals dry spell normal

In State Mandals experienced up to Month of July, 2018. The distribution of the Mandals under dry spell category is shown in Figure:18. in the state have recorded

and rainfall, have recorded and

rainfalland have recorded one and rainfall (Figure:19).

Figure 19: Dry spellsWith Rainfall Status from June 01^stto July 31^st, 2018

3.8. NDVI / NDWI / VCI Status

S.No NDVI

Value

Average NDVI

VCI (NDVI)

NDWI Value

Average NDWI

VCI (NDWI)

VCI Condition 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Table.7 District wise NDVI / NDWI / VCI Status District

Adilabad 0.433 0.381 68.09 0.260 0.262 51.43 Normal

Bhadradri-Kothagudem 0.447 0.445 59.99 0.296 0.308 54.47 Mild

Hyderabad 0.272 0.198 73.63 0.159 0.116 66.62 Normal

Jagtial 0.687 0.485 68.60 0.468 0.330 56.27 Normal

Jangaon 0.246 0.420 40.51 0.091 0.252 13.28 Mild

Jayashankar-Bhupalpally 0.396 0.361 71.60 0.232 0.247 44.74 Normal

Jogulamba-Gadwal 0.330 0.244 80.38 0.064 0.071 43.63 Normal

Kamareddy 0.421 0.426 55.83 0.244 0.288 41.42 Mild

Karimnagar 0.445 0.431 60.21 0.330 0.303 63.05 Normal

Khammam 0.491 0.493 54.20 0.358 0.311 63.63 Normal

Komaram Bheem-Asifabad 0.379 0.356 65.53 0.247 0.255 50.74 Normal

Mahabubabad 0.455 0.480 44.97 0.290 0.305 48.64 Mild

Mahabubnagar 0.390 0.281 86.17 0.144 0.134 52.56 Normal

Mancherial 0.375 0.354 69.99 0.213 0.230 47.03 Normal

Medak 0.405 0.417 57.50 0.219 0.267 44.47 Mild

Medchal-Malkajgiri 0.394 0.355 74.03 0.225 0.230 56.25 Normal

Nagarkurnool 0.351 0.291 74.55 0.093 0.108 43.33 Normal

Nalgonda 0.368 0.361 59.52 0.201 0.187 53.82 Mild

Nirmal 0.433 0.354 75.40 0.265 0.230 57.55 Normal

Nizamabad 0.445 0.400 68.80 0.310 0.277 56.99 Normal

Peddapalli 0.446 0.444 66.77 0.358 0.305 72.71 Normal

Rajanna-Siricilla 0.445 0.410 60.74 0.262 0.258 49.03 Normal

Rangareddy 0.387 0.342 69.70 0.193 0.193 48.68 Normal

Sangareddy 0.390 0.362 62.41 0.248 0.234 56.78 Normal

Siddipet 0.398 0.410 53.92 0.197 0.238 31.38 Mild

Suryapet 0.414 0.433 52.01 0.270 0.257 52.24 Mild

Vikarabad 0.396 0.282 84.19 0.239 0.173 77.87 Normal

Wanaparthy 0.383 0.293 79.07 0.162 0.150 54.93 Normal

Warangal Rural 0.395 0.412 55.80 0.201 0.250 38.81 Mild

Warangal Urban 0.400 0.422 52.60 0.224 0.269 40.50 Mild

Yadadri-Bhongir 0.400 0.394 61.58 0.215 0.234 45.43 Normal

*

References

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, 2009, Manual for Drought Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi.

http://drought.unl.edu/portals/0/docs/international/GovtIndiaDroughtManual.pdf

Department of Agriculture, 2017, Season and Crop Coverage Report, Kharif - 2017, Govt. of Telangana

Kogan FN, 1995, Droughts of late 1980s in the USA as derived from NOAA polar orbiting satellite data, Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 76: 655-668

Malingreau JP, 1986, Global vegetation dynamics: Satellite observations over Asia, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 7: 1121-1146.

Tucker CJ and Chowdhary BJ, 1987, Satellite remote sensing of drought conditions, Remote Sensing of Environment, 23: 243-251

ANNEXURE I

District Wise Maps Showing Watch and Alerts Mandals