Likelihood of Action

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OBESITY PREVENTION BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SELECTED ARTS AND SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND NURSING

COLLEGES

By

MARTINA SUSAN. K

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

OCTOBER 2019

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OBESITY PREVENTION BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SELECTED ARTS AND SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND NURSING

COLLEGES Approved by the Dissertation committee on :

___________________________02.07.201 8bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

Research Guide :

__________________________________

________________________

Dr. Latha Venkatesan,

M.Sc (N)., M.Phil.(N)., Ph.D.(N)., M.B.A (HM)., Ph.D.(HD&FS)., Principal cum Professor,

Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai - 600 095

Clinical Guide : abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

Prof. Nesa Sathya Satchi, M.Sc (N)., HOD, Child Health Nursing Department, Apollo College of Nursing,

Chennai - 600 095.

Medical Guide :

abcd

efghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Dr. Deepa Elizabeth Mathew,

MBBS, Diploma in Child Health(DCH), MRCPCH(UK), FRCPCH, CCT (UK) Consultant Pediatrician

Apollo Specialty Hospitals Vanagaram,

Chennai-600 095

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

OCTOBER 2019

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the present dissertation entitled “A Comparative Study to Assess the Obesity Prevention Behavior among Adolescent Girls in Selected Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges, Chennai” is the outcome of the original research work undertaken and carried out by me under the guidance of Dr.Latha Venkatesan, M.Sc (N)., M.Phil.(N)., Ph.D. (N)., M.B.A (HM)., Ph.D.(HD&FS)., Principal cum professor, Apollo College of Nursing and Prof. Nesa Sathya Satchi, M.Sc (N)., HOD, Department of Child Health Nursing, Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai. I also declare that the material of this has not found in anyway, the basis for the award of any degree or diploma in this university or any other universities.

Martina Susan. K M.Sc (N) II Year

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I thank God Almighty for being with me and guiding me throughout my endeavour and showering his profuse blessings in each and every step to complete the dissertation.

I dedicate my heartfelt thanks and sincere gratitude to our esteemed leader Dr.Latha Venkatesan, MSc. (N)., M.Phil (N)., Ph.D.(N)., MBA (HM)., Ph.D.(HD&FS)., Principal, Apollo College of Nursing for her tremendous help, continuous support, enormous auspice, valuable suggestions and tireless motivation to carry out my study successfully.

I take this opportunity to express my warm pleasure and deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Lizy Sonia. A, M.Sc (N)., Ph.D. (N)., Vice principal cum Head of Medical Surgical Department, Apollo College of Nursing for her kind support valuable guidance at all times for successful completion of this research work.

My sincere thanks to Dr. K.Vijayalakshmi, M.Sc (N)., Ph.D (N)., M.A (Psy)., M.B.A., Research Coordinator, Head of Mental Health Nursing Department, Apollo College of Nursing for her prolonged patience and continuous guidance in completing my study.

I also owe my gratitude to Dr. Deepa Elizabeth Mathew, MBBS., Diploma in Child Health (DCH)., MRCPCH (UK)., FRCPCH., CCT (UK)., Consultant Paediatrician Apollo Speciality Hospitals for her valuable suggestions for the successful completion of this research work.

My heartfelt gratitude to Prof. Nesa Sathya Satchi, M.Sc (N)., HOD, Child Health Nursing Department for her valuable suggestions, efficient guidance, elegant

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directions, invaluable caring spirit and profound support throughout the study, the success of this work is credited to her.

I would like to specially thank Ms. Jamuna Rani, MHRM., M.Sc (N)., Reader, Ms. Jennifer.G, M.Sc (N)., Associate Professor, Ms. Joselin Annabel P.C, M.Sc (N)., Lecturer and Ms. Neema John M.Sc (N)., Nursing Tutor Child Health Nursing Department for their guidance and profound support throughout my study.

I sincerely thank Dr.C.Susila, M.Sc (N)., Ph.D.(N)., Principal, Billroth College of Nursing, Dr. K. Sathyanarayana M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., PGDCA., DSADP., Principal, Sindhi Arts and Science College and Dr.Leo Vijilious, Principal, DMI College of Engineering for permitting me to utilize all the facilities in the research setting.

I would like thank all the HODs teaching and non-teaching faculties and my classmates who helped me directly or indirectly in carrying out my study. A note of special thanks to the Librarians of Apollo College of Nursing for their help during the search of literature.I honestly thank all the participants of my study for their wonderful participation and cooperation, without them I would not have completed my study.

I would fail in my duty if I forget to thank the loved ones behind the scene. I am grateful to my parents, Mr.E.R.S.Kumar, Mrs.J.Sangeetha, my sister Ms.K.Sharon Sherley for their support in all times of ups and downs, their prayers, blessings, love and enabled me in the successful completion of the study.

Last but not least; I extend my warm thanks to all who helped me in shaping this study directly or indirectly.

Martina Susan. K M.Sc (N) II Year

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SYNOPSIS

“A Comparative Study to Assess the Obesity Prevention Behavior among Adolescent Girls in Selected Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges, Chennai”.

The Objectives of the Study were,

1. To determine the prevalence of overweight /obesity among adolescent girls in selected arts and science, engineering and nursing colleges.

2. To find out the association between obesity among adolescent girls and the type of colleges.

3. To assess the level of obesity prevention behaviour among adolescent girls in selected arts and science, engineering and nursing colleges.

4. To compare the obesity prevention behavior among adolescent girls between selected arts and science, engineering and nursing colleges.

5. To find out the association between selected demographic variables and obesity prevention behavior between adolescent girls in selected arts, engineering and nursing colleges.

The conceptual framework of the present study was based on “Health Belief Model” (1950), to assess the Obesity Prevention Behavior among Adolescent Girls in Selected Arts and science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges. The study was conducted using comparative research design at Sindhi College of Arts & Science, DMI College of Engineering and Billroth College of Nursing, Chennai. Study was conducted in two phases (Phase I and Phase II). The participants were selected using a total enumerative

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sampling method. All adolescent girls were screened for obesity by measuring their height, weight and body mass index and waist hip ratio. In phase two; all identified obese adolescent girls were included in the study. The identified adolescent girls were given a checklist to assess the obesity prevention behaviour on physical activity, sleep behaviour

& dietary habits.

An extensive review of literature and guidance by experts laid the foundation for the development of study instruments. The tools used for data collection were Demographic variable proforma, Obesity screening tool for adolescent girls, Check List to Assess the Obesity Prevention Behaviour of adolescent girls which were developed by the researcher. The validity was obtained from various experts and reliability was established. The main study was conducted after pilot study.

The collected data was tabulated and analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics.

Major findings of the study were

 Three hundred adolescent girls were screened for obesity in this study. Among them over all 33% of adolescent girls were obese in Arts and science, Engineering and Nursing colleges. The College wise prevalence showed that 33%, 31% and 35% of adolescent girls were obese in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges respectively.

 Majority of the adolescent girls were from nuclear family (64%, 32%, 71%) non vegetarian (85%, 74%, 94%) aged 19 years (52%, 48%, 40%) with a monthly income of 10001- 20000 (48%, 42%, 11%), residing in urban area (36%, 35%,

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60%) in selected Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges respectively.

 Majority of the adolescent girls (73%, 87%, 80%) followed healthy behavior in Arts and science, engineering and nursing colleges respectively.

 There was no significant difference in mean score of physical activity in Arts and science (14.21±2.33), Engineering (14.48±2.03) and Nursing (14.54±1.95) colleges. In terms sleep behavior and dietary habits also there was no significant difference between Arts and Science (14.45±1.78, 14.03±2.09), Engineering (14.90±1.98 14.55±1.85) and Nursing (14.26±1.78, 14.17±2.35) colleges respectively at (p>0.05). Hence the null hypothesis Ho2; “There will be no significant difference in obesity prevention behavior among adolescent girls between Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges” was retained.

 Obesity Prevention Behavior among Adolescent Girls in relation to physical activities revealed that 66.66% of Arts & Science adolescents do not involve in any household chores and 39.39% spend time watching television during their leisure time. Almost all the engineering students (93.54%) go for morning/evening walks for a minimum of half an hour but (58.06%) verbalized they don’t exercise regularly. Nearly half of the nursing students (54.28%) said for recreation they participate in outdoor games, have physical education class in college every week (51.42%) and (57.14%) said they participate in athletic events,(48.57%) said they do not use the elevator (74.28%) walk whenever going out but (57.14%) do not regularly go for indoor play.

 Sleep behavior of the adolescents showed that (69.69%) avoid going to bed even though it is time to go to sleep and usually have a disturbed sleep. Among the

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engineering students, (48.38%) do something active near bedtime to tire themselves (64.51%) take a nap when possible. Nearly half of them (58.06%) verbalized that they wake up full of energy in the morning but (48.38%) said they get sleepy during class. Among the nursing students 54.28% said they usually get up early from bed.

 Dietary habit findings for adolescents revealed that (51.51%) of Arts & Science adolescents had at least one serving of vegetables or salad a day. Majority of the engineering college adolescents (70.96%) usually snack with crisps (67.74%) &

(61.29%) usually included some chocolate or biscuits. Half of the engineering college adolescent girls (51.61%) don’t snack between meals. Around (34.28%) of nursing students avoid eating fried foods, (48.57%) often eat sweet snacks between meals and (51.42%) often buy pastries or cakes but do not drink carbonated drinks.

 There was no significant association between obesity among adolescent girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing colleges. Hence the null hypothesis H01 There will be no significant association between obesity among adolescent girls and type of colleges was retained.

 There was no significant association between selected demographic variables and obesity prevention behavior among adolescent girls in Arts and science, Engineering and Nursing colleges. Hence the null hypothesis H03: There will be no significant association between selected demographic variables and obesity prevention behavior among adolescent girls in art and science, engineering and nursing colleges was retained.

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Recommendations

 A similar study could be undertaken on a larger scale for more valid generalization.

 Present study could be replicated in different settings.

 Interventional study could be conducted to reduce obesity among adolescents.

 Comparative study on obesity prevention behavior between male and female adolescents can be conducted.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Content Page No.

I INTRODUCTION 01-15

Background of the Study 01

Need for the Study 04

Statement of the Problem 09

Objectives of the Study 09

Operational Definitions 09

Null Hypotheses 10

Assumptions 10

Delimitations 10

Conceptual Framework 11

Projected Outcome 15

Summary 15

Organization of the Research Report 15

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 16-24

Literature related to Prevalence of Obesity 16 Literature related to Obesity prevention behavior among

adolescent girls

21

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25-36

Research Approach 25

Research Design 27

Variables of the Study 27

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Research Setting 27

Population, Sample, Sampling Techniques 29

Sampling Criteria 31

Selection and Development of the Study Instruments 32 Psychometric Properties of the Study Instruments 33

Pilot Study 33

Protection of Human Rights 34

Data Collection Procedure 34

Problems faced during Data Collection 35

Plan for Data Analysis 35

Summary 36

IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 37-56

V DISCUSSION 57-62

VI SUMMARY, CONCLUSION,IMPLLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

63-68

REFERENCES 69-71

APPENDICES xiv-xliii

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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No.

1. Plan for data analysis 36

2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of height, weight, BMI of Adolescent Girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges.

39

3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescent Girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges

40

4. Association between Obesity among Adolescent Girls and the type of Colleges.

43

5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Demographic Variables of Adolescent Girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges.

44

6. Mean and Standard Deviation of Obesity Prevention Behaviour among Adolescent girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges

47

7. Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation of obesity prevention behavior among adolescent girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing colleges (ANOVA)

48

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8. Frequency and Percentage of Item Wise Analysis of Obesity Prevention Behavior in relation to Physical Activities among Adolescent Girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges.

50

9. Frequency and Percentage of Item Wise Analysis of Obesity Prevention Behavior in relation to Sleep Behavior among Adolescent Girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges.

52

10. Frequency and Percentage of Item Wise Analysis of Obesity Prevention Behavior in relation to Dietary Habits among Adolescent Girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges.

53

11. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Obesity Prevention Behaviour among Adolescent girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges.

54

12. Association between Selected Demographic Variable and Obesity Prevention Behaviour among Adolescent Girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges.

55

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LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No Description Page. No

1. Conceptual Framework Based on The Health Belief Model

14

2. Schematic Representation of Research Design 26 3. Over all Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescent

Girls

41

4. Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescent Girls in Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges.

42

5. Percentage Distribution of Area of Residence of Adolescent Girls in Arts and Science, Engineering And Nursing Colleges

46

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Title Page No.

1. Letter Seeking Permission to Conduct Study xiv

2. Institutional Ethics Committee Letter xvii

3. Letter Seeking Permission for Content Validity xviii

4. List of Experts for Content Validity xix

5. Content Validity Certificate xxii

6. Letter Seeking Consent from Participants xxiii

7. Plagiarism Originality Report xxiv

8. Certificate of English Editing xxv

9. Tools used for Data Collection xxvi

10. Data Coding Sheet xxxiii

11. Master Coding Sheet xxxiv

12. Photographs Taken During Data collection xliii

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APPENDIX I

LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

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APPENDIX I

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xvi

APPENDIX I

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APPENDIX II

INSTITUTIONAL ETHICS COMMITTEE LETTER

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APPENDIX III

REQUEST FOR CONTENT VALIDITY

LETTER REQUESTING OPINIONS AND SUGGESTIONS OF EXPERTS FOR ESTABLISHING CONTENT VALIDITY OF RESEARCH

From

Ms. Martina Susan.K M.Sc (Nursing) II year, Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai -95

To

Through proper channel Dr. Latha Venkatesan, The Principal,

Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai-95

Subject: - Request for opinion and suggestions of experts for establishing content Validity of research tool -Reg

Respected Sir / Madam,

Greetings! As a part of the curriculum Requirement the following research title is selected for the study.

“A Comparative Study to Assess the Obesity Prevention Behavior among Adolescent Girls in Selected Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges, Chennai.”

I will be highly privileged to have your valuable suggestions with regard to content validity of research tool. So, I request you to validate my tool and give your valuable suggestions about the tool.

Thanking You.

Your’s sincerely, (Ms.Martina Susan.K)

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APPENDIX IV

LIST OF EXPERTS FOR CONTENT VALIDITY

1. Dr.Latha Venkatesan, M.Sc (N)., M Phil., Ph.D.(N)., M.BA (HM)., Ph.D.(HDFS)., Principal and Professor

Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai-95.

2. Prof. Nesa Sathya Satchi, M.Sc. (N), HOD of Child Health Nursing,

3. Dr. K. Vijayalakshmi, M.Sc (N)., M.A. (Psy), MBA., Ph.D(N) HOD of Mental Health Nursing,

4. Dr. Shobana., M.Sc. (N), Ph.D (N) Head of Department,

Community Health Nursing,

5. Prof. Helen Mariadoss, M.Sc. (N)., Reader, Community Health Nursing Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai- 95

6. Ms. Jaslina Gnanarani. J, M.Sc. (N)., M.Sc (Psy)., Reader, Medical Surgical Nursing

Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai- 95 7. Ms. Sasikala.D , M.Sc. (N).,

Reader, Medical Surgical Nursing Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai- 95

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8. Ms. Jamuna Rani, MRHM., M.Sc. (N)., Reader, Child Health Nursing

Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai- 95 9. Ms. Jennifer .G, M.Sc. (N).,

Lecturer, Child Health Nursing

Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai- 95 10. Ms. Joselin Annabel, M.Sc. (N).,

Lecturer, Child Health Nursing

Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai- 95

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APPENDIX V

CONTENT VALIDITY CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that I have validated the research tool of Ms. Martina Susan. K., M.Sc (Nursing) II year student who is undertaking research study on “A Comparative Study to Assess the Obesity Prevention Behaviour among Adolescent Girls in Selected Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges, Chennai.”

Signature of Expert

Name and designation

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APPENDIX VI

RESEARCH PARTICIPANT CONSENT FORM

Dear participant,

I am Martina Susan. K M.Sc (N) II student of Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai. As part of my study a research on “A Comparative Study to Assess the Obesity Prevention Behavior among Adolescent Girls in Selected Arts and Science, Engineering and Nursing Colleges, Chennai.” is selected to be conducted. The findings of the study will be helpful for obese adolescent girls to maintain healthy life.

I hereby seek your consent and cooperation to participate in the study.

Please be frank and honest in your responses. The information collected will be kept confidential and anonymity will be obtained.

Signature of the Researcher

I Ms. ……….hereby consent to participate in the study.

Place:

Date: Signature of the Participant

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APPENDIX VII

PLAGIARISM ORIGINALITY REPORT

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xxv

APPENDIX VIII

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APPENDIX IX

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE PROFORMA OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Purpose

This proforma is used by the researcher to collect information on demographic variables such as age, monthly family income, religion, type of family, area of residence and course of study.

Instructions

Please answer the following questions. This proforma will be filled by the researcher. Please be frank in answering these questions. The collected information will be kept confidential and anonymity will be maintained.

Sample No:

1. Age in Years 2. Course of Study

2.1.Nursing

2.2.Arts & Science 2.3.Engineering

(Specify………..) 3. Religion

3.1. Hindu 3.2. Muslim 3.3.Christian 3.4 Others- Specify

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4. Type of Family 4.1. Nuclear 4.2 Joint 4.3 Extended 5. Area of Residence

5.1. Urban 5.2. Rural 5.3. Semi urban 6. Monthly family income

6.1. < 10,000 6.2. 10,000– 20,000 6.3. 20,001– 30,000 6.4. 30,001& above

7. Diet Habit

7.1. Vegetarian 7.2. NonVegetaria 7.3. OvaVegetarian

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CLINICAL VARIABLE PROFORMA OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS Purpose

This proforma is used by the researcher to collect information on clinical variables consists of height, weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio.

Instructions

This proforma will be filled by the researcher. The collected information will be kept confidential and anonymity will be maintained.

S.No Item No Score

1 Weight

2 Height

3 BMI

4 Waist Hip Ratio

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BLUEPRINT FOR CHECKLIST TO ASSESS THE OBESITY PREVENTION BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS

S.No. Criterion Items Total Percentage (%)

1. Physical Activities 1-10 10 33.33%

2. Sleep Behaviour 11-20 10 33.33%

3. Dietary Habits 21-30 10 33.33%

TOTAL 30 100

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CHECKLIST TO ASSESS THE OBESITY PREVENTION BEHAVIOR OFADOLESCENT GIRLS

Purpose

This checklist was developed by the researcher to assess the Obesity Prevention Behavior of adolescent girls regarding obesity. The checklist consists of 30 items in three areas like physical activity, sleep behaviour & dietary habits.

Instruction

Kindly read and answer all the questions appropriately. There are no right or wrong answers (this is not a test), please answer all questions as honestly and accurately as you can, please complete every line in the questionnaire.

Checklist Related to Physical Activities

Which of the following PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES did you do in the past 7 days? Please complete the checklist for the following days:………….to…………..

S.No Item Yes No

1. I go for morning/evening walks minimum half an hour 2. My recreation is participating in outdoor games

*3. I do not involve any household chores

4. We have physical education class in college every week

*5. I do not regularly for indoor play

6. When going out I always use the elevator

7. I participate in athletic events

*8. I spend time watching television during my leisure time

*9. I don’t exercise regularly

*10. I usually walk whenever possible (to the shopping center, to visit a friend etc)

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Checklist Related to Sleep Behavior

Checklist Related to Dietary Habits

S.No Item Yes No

*1. I enjoy outside foods

2. I avoid eating fried foods

*3. I often eat sweet snacks between meals

*4. Do you usually snack with crisps.

5. I eat at least one serving of fruit a day

6. I eat at least one serving of vegetables or salad a day.

*7. I often buy pastries or cakes.

*8. I usually include some chocolate and/or biscuits.

*9. I don’t snack between meals.

10. I do not drink carbonated drinks

*Reverse scoring will be done

S.No Item Yes No

1. I play video games, surf the internet, or send texts before going to bed.

2. I avoid going to bed even though it is time to go to sleep.

*3. I usually have a disturbed sleep.

4. I do something active close to bedtime to tire yourself out.

5. I take a nap when possible

*6. I feel tired or groggy when I wake up in the morning.

*7. I get sleepy during class.

*8. I usually get up early from bed

*9. I wake up full of energy in the morning

10. I don’t fall asleep if I sit still for a while (i.e. watching TV, riding in the car）

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Scoring Interpretation

Score Percentage Interpretation

41 - 60 81-100 Healthy behaviour

21 - 40 61-80 Moderately healthy behaviour

<20 <60 Unhealthy behaviour

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APPENDIX - X DATA CODE SHEET DV- Demographic variable

AGE - Age in years

COS – Course of Study 2.1 Nursing 2.2 Arts & science 2.3 Engineering Religion

3.1 Hindu 3.2 Muslim 3.3 Christian

3.4 Others, specify TOF - Type of family

4.1 Nuclear 4.2 Joint 4.3 Extended

AOR - Area of residence

5.1 Urban 5.2 Rural

5.3 Semi Urban

MI - Monthly Income

6.1 < 10000 6.2 10001-20000 6.3 20001-30000 6.4 >30001 DH – Diet Habit

7.1 Vegetarian

CV – Clinical variable HT - Height

WT - Weight BMI

WHR- Waist Hip Ratio

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APPENDIX - XI MASTER CODE SHEET

OBESITY SCREENING

S.NO SINDHI ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE DMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING BILLROTH CON

HT WT BMI WHR HT WT BMI WHR HT WT BMI WHR

1 139 59 30.5 0.77 156 56 23 0.77 165 40 14.7 0.77

2 136 55 30 0.77 155 70 29.1 0.8 163 54 20.5 0.77

3 145 45 21.4 0.76 142 80 39.7 0.81 145 63 30 0.78

4 147 35 12 0.76 139 66 0.75 0.8 150 68 30.2 0.8

5 140 60 30.6 0.78 136 65 31 0.8 161 45 17.4 0.77

6 144 46 22 0.76 147 65 30.1 0.8 157 55 22.3 0.78

7 143 51 24.9 0.76 137 54 28.8 0.78 147 42 19.4 0.77

8 150 55 24.4 0.77 144 50 21 0.77 157 45 18.3 0.77

9 149 40 18 0.76 148 70 0.75 0.8 157 55 22.3 0.77

10 153 45 19.2 0.76 156 55 22.6 0.76 160 52 20.3 0.77

11 145 35 16.6 0.75 145 50 23.8 0.75 153 50 21.6 0.77

12 145 50 23.8 0.76 140 36 18.4 0.76 152 55 23.8 0.78

13 149 40 18 0.75 154 50 21.1 0.75 156 60 24.7 0.77

14 145 65 30.9 0.78 157 33 13.4 0.78 155 55 22.9 0.77

15 140 34 13 0.75 158 45 18 0.75 155 40 16.6 0.77

16 144 50 21 0.76 157 50 20.3 0.76 155 60 25.5 0.78

17 141 60 30.2 0.78 146 68 31.9 0.8 145 74 32 0.8

18 146 45 21.1 0.76 156 70 28.8 0.81 159 40 15.8 0.77

19 128 35 21.4 0.76 146 52 24.4 0.76 170 54 18.7 0.78

20 163 50 18.8 0.75 156 74 30.4 0.81 145 40 19 0.77

21 147 46 21.3 0.76 157 58 23.5 0.76 159 45 17.8 0.77

22 140 60 30.6 0.78 175 53 13 0.78 155 40 16.6 0.77

23 143 62 30.3 0.8 162 54 20.6 0.8 162 65 24.8 0.77

24 146 40 18.8 0.75 155 45 18.7 0.75 157 70 28.4 0.77

25 146 50 23.5 0.75 153 70 30 0.8 134 40 22.3 0.78

26 145 50 23.8 0.75 155 43 17.9 0.75 172 65 22 0.77

27 147 35 12 0.76 163 55 20.7 0.76 155 40 16.6 0.77

28 140 49 25 0.76 154 45 19 0.76 154 45 19 0.78

29 137 65 34.6 0.81 152 47 20 0.81 145 45 21.4 0.77

30 139 73 37.8 0.81 153 38 12 0.81 144 46 22.2 0.77

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31 174 85 28.1 0.78 149 41 18.5 0.78 155 80 33 0.8

32 145 48 22.8 0.76 155 44 18.3 0.76 154 80 33.7 0.8

33 156 73 30 0.78 151 45 19.7 0.78 158 80 32 0.8

34 155 72 30 0.78 154 45 19 0.78 162 85 32.4 0.8

35 172 90 30.4 0.78 155 40 16.6 0.78 153 80 32 0.81

36 165 49 18 0.76 152 42 18.2 0.76 165 80 29.4 0.8

37 157 58 23.5 0.77 157 52 21.1 0.77 161 82 31.6 0.81

38 160 64 25 0.77 159 61 21 0.77 173 90 30.1 0.8

39 160 60 23.4 0.77 152 85 36.8 0.81 162 82 31.2 0.8

40 161 78 30.1 0.8 159 55 21.8 0.8 163 85 32 0.81

41 159 61 21 0.76 155 50 20.8 0.76 168 83 29.4 0.81

42 161 78 30.1 0.8 153 45 19.2 0.75 154 83 35 0.81

43 158 59 23.6 0.76 137 55 30 0.76 158 85 34 0.81

44 148 55 21 0.76 159 50 19.8 0.76 156 86 33 0.8

45 148 68 31 0.8 141 60 30.2 0.78 161 86 32 0.81

46 145 65 30.9 0.8 158 35 15.6 0.75 157 82 33 0.81

47 160 63 24.6 0.77 144 35 16.9 0.75 159 85 33.6 0.8

48 155 59 24.6 0.77 145 50 23.8 0.76 161 85 32.8 0.8

49 162 60 22.9 0.77 154 40 16.9 0.76 160 85 32 0.81

50 149 69 31.1 0.8 147 45 20.8 0.76 147 76 32 0.8

51 158 59 23.6 0.77 149 69 31.1 0.78 171 89 30.4 0.81

52 159 78 30.9 0.8 148 64 30 0.78 162 85 32.4 0.81

53 168 85 30.5 0.8 154 74 31.2 0.8 145 51 23 0.77

54 160 63 24.6 0.77 161 63 23 0.78 159 40 15.8 0.78

55 152 51 22.1 0.76 148 66 30.1 0.78 158 50 20 0.77

56 142 45 22.3 0.76 154 53 23 0.76 160 60 23.4 0.77

57 164 85 31.6 0.8 149 50 22.5 0.8 162 51 19.4 0.77

58 152 53 22.9 0.76 152 71 30.7 0.8 162 43 14 0.77

59 167 69 24.7 0.78 155 56 23 0.78 165 45 16.5 0.77

60 160 56 21.9 0.76 155 75 31.2 0.8 167 50 17.9 0.78

61 164 67 24.9 0.78 160 49 19.1 0.78 158 41 14 0.77

62 154 59 23.6 0.77 175 61 19.9 0.77 164 51 19.5 0.77

63 142 45 22.3 0.75 170 87 30.1 0.81 155 73 30.4 0.78

64 159 54 21.4 0.76 163 69 26 0.78 152 56 22 0.77

65 160 60 23.4 0.77 160 50 19.5 0.77 152 73 31.6 0.78

66 153 75 32 0.8 160 49 19.1 0.75 161 78 30.1 0.8

67 164 59 21.9 0.77 159 72 28.5 0.8 162 54 20.4 0.77

68 167 70 21 0.8 168 60 21.3 0.77 162 42 16 0.77

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xxxvi

69 160 60 23.4 0.78 160 50 19.5 0.76 163 59 22.2 0.78

70 172 70 23.7 0.8 143 62 30.3 0.77 145 37 17.6 0.77

71 167 70 21 0.8 155 60 23.4 0.77 150 48 21.3 0.77

72 158 76 30.4 0.8 160 60 23.4 0.77 155 48 20 0.77

73 143 62 30.3 0.8 165 60 22 0.77 165 82 30.1 0.8

74 168 63 22.3 0.78 160 55 21.5 0.76 161 55 21.2 0.77

75 148 53 22 0.77 162 58 22.1 0.77 151 72 31.6 0.78

76 158 59 23.6 0.77 156 56 23 0.77 150 69 30.7 0.8

77 161 63 23 0.78 155 55 22.9 0.77 157 49 19.9 0.8

78 164 60 22.3 0.78 155 53 22.1 0.77 160 65 25.4 0.77

79 160 85 32 0.81 169 60 21 0.78 158 55 22 0.8

80 147 76 32 0.81 157 56 22.7 0.78 162 79 30.1 0.8

81 171 88 30.1 0.8 154 72 30.4 0.8 150 55 24.4 0.77

82 162 85 32.4 0.8 152 46 19.9 0.75 162 68 25.9 0.77

83 145 51 23 0.76 153 56 23.9 0.76 155 75 31.2 0.78

84 159 40 15.8 0.76 147 45 20.8 0.76 162 60 22.9 0.78

85 158 50 20 0.75 150 48 21.3 0.75 160 58 22.7 0.77

86 160 60 23.4 0.77 153 54 21 0.77 162 59 22.5 0.77

87 162 51 19.4 0.76 146 46 21.6 0.76 155 58 21 0.77

88 160 78 30.5 0.8 165 62 22.8 0.78 158 59 23.6 0.77

89 158 55 22 0.77 149 67 30.2 0.78 162 80 30.5 0.78

90 162 80 30.5 0.8 152 85 36.8 0.81 160 79 30.9 0.78

91 150 55 24.4 0.76 158 75 30 0.8 161 68 22 0.77

92 162 80 30.5 0.8 160 60 23.4 0.77 151 55 21 0.78

93 155 73 30.4 0.8 160 85 32 0.81 168 63 22.3 0.77

94 162 60 22.9 0.77 158 59 23.6 0.77 163 53 19.9 0.77

95 160 58 22.7 0.77 155 73 30.4 0.8 164 66 24.5 0.77

96 162 59 22.5 0.77 148 67 30.6 0.78 160 70 23 0.77

97 155 58 21 0.77 168 57 20.8 0.77 178 85 26.8 0.77

98 153 45 19.2 0.76 158 59 23.6 0.76 165 68 25 0.77

99 137 55 30 0.8 159 60 23.7 0.78 162 66 21 0.77

100 159 50 19.8 0.76 157 76 30.8 0.8 157 69 28 0.77

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xxxvii

SINDHI ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE

S.NO

DEMOGRAPHIC VARAIABLES CLINICAL VARIABLE OBESITY PREVENTION BEHAVIOUR

Age COS REL TOF AOR MI DH HT WT BMI WHR PHY.ACT SLEEP.BEH DIET.HABI TOTAL SCORE

1 18 2 3 1 1 2 2 139 59 30.5 0.77 18 11 17 46

2 19 2 1 2 1 2 2 136 55 30 0.77 16 14 13 43

3 18 2 1 2 1 2 2 140 60 30.6 0.78 16 15 11 42

4 19 2 1 2 3 2 2 145 65 30.9 0.78 16 13 14 43

5 19 2 1 3 2 3 1 141 60 30.2 0.77 15 15 15 45

6 18 2 3 2 3 2 3 140 60 30.6 0.77 14 17 15 46

7 19 2 3 1 2 2 1 143 62 30.3 0.77 16 16 16 48

8 19 2 1 2 1 2 2 137 65 34.6 0.77 14 15 14 43

9 18 2 1 2 2 1 2 139 73 37.8 0.8 13 13 13 39

10 19 2 3 1 1 2 2 174 85 28.1 0.81 14 14 12 40

11 18 2 1 1 2 3 2 156 73 30 0.8 12 13 13 38

12 18 2 1 1 1 1 2 155 72 30 0.8 14 16 14 44

13 19 2 1 1 2 2 2 172 90 30.4 0.81 18 15 18 51

14 19 2 3 2 3 3 2 161 78 30.1 0.8 12 14 14 40

15 19 2 1 1 1 3 2 161 78 30.1 0.8 12 14 12 38

16 18 2 1 1 3 3 2 148 68 31 0.78 10 14 15 39

17 19 2 3 2 3 2 2 145 65 30.9 0.78 18 15 19 52

18 19 2 1 1 2 3 2 149 69 31.1 0.8 13 16 14 43

19 19 2 3 1 3 1 2 159 78 30.9 0.8 15 14 12 41

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xxxviii

20 19 2 2 2 1 3 2 168 85 30.5 0.8 14 18 12 44

21 18 2 1 1 3 4 2 164 85 31.6 0.78 12 15 16 43

22 18 2 3 1 2 1 2 153 75 32 0.8 11 17 15 43

23 18 2 3 1 1 3 2 158 76 30.4 0.8 15 17 14 46

24 19 2 1 1 3 2 2 143 62 30.3 0.78 18 12 17 47

25 18 2 1 1 3 4 2 160 85 32 0.81 11 11 12 34

26 19 2 1 2 2 4 2 147 76 32 0.8 13 13 11 37

27 18 2 3 1 3 1 2 171 88 30.1 0.81 13 13 11 37

28 19 2 1 1 3 4 2 162 85 32.4 0.81 12 15 14 41

29 19 2 1 1 1 2 2 160 78 30.5 0.8 13 15 14 42

30 19 2 3 1 1 2 2 162 80 30.5 0.8 11 17 15 43

31 19 2 1 1 2 2 3 162 80 30.5 0.8 18 11 17 46

32 18 2 3 1 1 2 2 155 73 30.4 0.8 16 14 13 43

33 18 2 1 2 3 2 1 137 55 30 0.78 16 15 11 42