DEPARTMENT OF PERIODONTICS AND COMMUNITY DENTISTRY B.D.S.(Final year)
Course Title: Periodontology Course Number : BDS 425, BDS 426 Course Category : Clinical
Type of Course : Theory and Practical
Course Assessment : case history, manual scaling, Recording different indices,Methods of using various scaling and surgical instruments (20%)
1st, 2nd and 3rd Sessional Examination (1 Hour) (10%) Annual Examination (3 Hour) (70%)
Practical: 100 marks
Course Objectives
The student shall acquire the skill to perform dental scaling ,diagnostic tests of periodontal diseases; to use the instruments for periodontal therapy and maintenance of the same.
The student shall develop attitude to impart the preventive measures namely, the prevention of periodontal diseases and prevention of the progress of the disease. The student shall also develop an attitude to perform the treatment with full aseptic precautions; shall develop an attitude to prevent iatrogenic diseases; to conserve the tooth to the maximum possible time by maintaining periodontal health and to refer the patients who require specialist’s care.
Course Outcomes
After completion of the course the students shall be able to:
1. Diagnose the patients periodontal problem, plan and perform appropriate periodontal treatment
2. Competent to educate and motivate the patient
3. Competent to perform thorough oral prophylaxis, subgingival scaling, root planning and minorperiodontal surgical procedures
4. Give proper post treatment instructions and do periodic recall and evaluation
5. Familiar with concepts of osseointegration and basic surgical aspects of implantology
Syllabus
Unit 1: Basics of periodontal tissues and pathology
a. Introduction: Definition of Periodontology, Periodontics, Periodontia, Brief historical background, Scope of Periodontics
b. Development of perio-dontal tissues, micro-structural anatomy and biology of periodontal tissues in detail Gingiva. Junctional epithelium in detail, Epithelial- Mesenchymal interaction,Periodontal, ligament Cementum, Alveolar bone.
c. Defensive mechanisms in the oral cavity: Role of-Epithelium,Gingival fluid, Saliva and other defensive mechanisms in the oral environment.
d. Age changes in periodontal structures and their significance in Geriatric dentistry Age changes in teeth and periodontal structures and their association with periodontal diseases
e. Classification of periodontal diseases, Need for classification, Scientific basis of classification, Classification of gingival and periodontal diseases as described in World Workshop1989
f. Gingivitis: Plaque associated,ANUG,steroid hormone influenced, Medication influenced, Desquamative gingivitis, other forms of gingivitis as in nutritional deficiency, bacterial and viral infections etc.
g. Periodontitis: Adult periodontitis, Rapidly progressive periodontitis A&B, Juvenile periodontitis(localized, generalized, and post-juvenile), Prepubertal periodontitis, Refractory periodontitis
h. Gingival diseases Localized and generalized gingivitis, Papillary, marginal and diffuse gingivitis, Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, symptoms and management of
i) Plaque associated gingivitis
ii) Systemically aggravated gingivitis(sex hormones, drugs and systemic diseases) iii) ANUG
iv) Desquamative gingivitis-Gingivitis associated with lichen planus, pemphigoid, pemphigus, and other vesiculobullous lesions
v) Allergic gingivitis
vi) Infective gingivitis-Herpetic, bacterial and candidial vii) Pericoronitis
viii) Gingival enlargement (classification and differential diagnosis) i. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases
- Definition of index, incidence, prevalence,epidemiology,endemic, epidemic, and pandemic
- Classification of indices(Irreversible and reversible) - Deficiencies of earlier indices used in Periodontics
- Detailed understanding of Silness &Loe Plaque Index ,Loe&Silness Gingival Index, CPITN &CPI.
- Prevalence of periodontal diseases in India and other countries.
- Public health significance(All these topics are covered at length under community dentistry. Hence, the topics may be discussed briefly. However, questions may be asked from the topics for examination
J . Extension of inflammation from gingiva
Mechanism of spread of inflammation from gingival area to deeper periodontal structures
Factors that modify the spread
k. Pocket Definition, signs and symptoms, classification, pathogenesis, histopathology, root surface changes and contents of the pocket
l. Etiology –
Dental Plaque (Biofilm) Food Impaction
Trauma from occlusion Habits
IATROGENIC FACTORS Conservative Dentistry Prosthodontics
Orthodontics Systemic diseases
m. Risk factors Definition. Risk factors for periodontal diseases
Host response - Mechanism of initiation and progression of periodontal diseases - Basic concepts about cells, Mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, complement system, immune mechanisms & cytokines in brief - Stages in gingivitis-Initial, early, established & advanced
- Periodontal disease activity, continuous paradigm, random burst & asynchronous multiple burst hypothesis
n. Periodontitis - Etiology ,histopathology, clinical signs & symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of adult periodontitis
- Periodontal abscess; definition, classification, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and treatment - Furcation involvement, Glickmans’ classification, prognosis and management
- Rapidly progressive periodontitis
- Juvenile periodontitis: Localized and generalized - Post-juvenile periodontitis
- Periodontitis associated with systemic diseases - Refractory periodontitis
Unit 2: diagnosis and prognosis
Diagnosis - Routine procedures, methods of probing, types of probes,(According to case history) - Halitosis: Etiology and treatment. Mention advanced diagnostic aids and their role in brief.
Prognosis - Definition, types, purpose and factors to be taken into consideration Unit 3- treatment plan and periodontal therapy
Periodontal therapy A. General principles of periodontal therapy. Phase I,II, III, IV therapy. Definition of periodontal regeneration, repair, new attachment and reattachment.
B. Plaque control
i. Mechanical tooth brushes, interdental cleaning aids, dentifrices
ii. Chemical; classification and mechanism of action of each & pocket irrigation Pocket eradication procedures
- Scaling and root planing:
- Indications
- Aims & objectives
- Healing following root planning
- Hand instruments, sonic, ultrasonic &piezo-electric scalers - Curettage &present concepts
- Definition - Indications
- Aims &objectives
- Procedures & healing response - Flap surgery
- Definition
- Types of flaps, Design of flaps, papilla preservation Indications & contraindications - Armamentarium
- Surgical procedure & healing response
Osseous Surgery Osseous defects in periodontal disease - Definition
- Classification
- Surgery: resective, additive osseous surgery (osseous grafts with classification of grafts) - Healing responses
- Other regenerative procedures; root conditioning - Guided tissue regeneration
Mucogingival surgery &periodontal plastic surgeries Definition
Mucogingival problems: etiology, classification of gingival recession (P.D.Miller Jr. and Sullivan and Atkins)
Indications & objectives
Gingival extension procedures: lateral pedicle graft, frenectomy, frenotomy
Crown lengthening procedures Periodontal microsurgery in brief
Splints - Periodontal splints - Purpose & classification - Principles of splinting
Hypersensitivity Causes, Theories & management 1 Implants Definition, types, scope &biomaterials used.
Periodontal considerations: such as implant-bone interface,
implant-gingiva interface, implant failure, peri-implantitis & management Maintenance phase
(SPT)
- Aims, objectives, and principles - Importance
- Procedures
- Maintenance of implants
Pharmaco-therapy - Periodontal dressings - Antibiotics & anti-inflammatory drugs - Local drug delivery systems
Periodontal management of medically compromised patients
Topics concerning periodontal management of medically compromised patients Inter-disciplinary care - Pulpo-periodontal involvement
- Routes of spread of infection - Simons’ classification - Management
Systemic effects of periodontal diseases in brief Cardiovascular diseases, Low birth weight babies etc.
UNIT 4- Infection control protocol Sterilization and various aseptic procedures and Ethics
Suggested Readings/Text/References
1. Essentials of Periodontology and periodontics- Torquil MacPhee 2. Contemporary periodontics- Cohen
3. Periodontal therapy- Goldman 4. Orbans’ periodontics- Orban 5. Oral Health Survey- W.H.O.
6. Preventive Periodontics- Young and Stiffler 7. Public Health Dentistry- Slack
8. Advanced Periodontal Disease- John Prichard 9. Preventive Dentistry- Forrest
10. Clinical Periodontology- Jan Lindhe 11. Periodontics- Baer & Morris.
DEPARTMENT OF PERIODONTICS AND COMMUNITY DENTISTRY M.D.S. PERIODONTOLOGY
Course Title: Periodontology
Course Number : MDPR-01, MDPR-02, MDPR-03, MDPR-04 Course Category : Clinical
Type of Course : Theory and Practical
Course Assessment : 1) Part I University Examination (100 Marks):- There shall be 10 questions of 10 marks each (Total of 100 Marks) (2) Part II (3 papers of 100 Marks):-
(i) Paper-I: 2 long essay questions of 25 marks each and 5 short essays of 10 marks each. (Total of 100 Marks)
(ii) Paper-II: 2 long essay questions of 25 marks each and 5 short essays of 10 marks each. (Total of 100 Marks)
(iii) Paper III: 2 out of 3 essay questions (50 x 2 = 100 Marks) Practical and Clinical Examination : 200 Marks
Viva-voce and Pedagogy : 100 Marks
Course Objectives
The following objectives are laid out to achieve the goals of the course A) KNOWLEDGE:
Discuss historical perspective to advancement in the subject proper and related topics.
• Describe etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of common periodontal diseases with emphasis on Indian population
• Familiarize with the biochemical, microbiologic and immunologic genetic aspects of periodontal pathology
• Describe various preventive periodontal measures
• Describe various treatment modalities of periodontal disease from historical aspect to currently available ones
• Describe interrelationship between periodontal disease and various systemic conditions
• Describe periodontal hazards due to estrogenic causes and deleterious habits and prevention of it
• Identify rarities in periodontal disease and environmental/Emotional determinates in a given case
• Recognize conditions that may be outside the area of his/her Speciality/ competence and refer them to an appropriate Specialist
• Decide regarding non-surgical or surgical management of the case
• Update the student by attending courses, conferences and seminars relevant to periodontics or by self-learning process.
• Plan out/ carry out research activity both basic and clinical aspects with the aim of publishing his/her work in scientific journals
• Reach to the public to motivate and educate regarding periodontal disease, its prevention and consequences if not treated
• Plan out epidemiological survey to assess prevalence and incidence of early onset periodontitis and adult periodontitis in Indian population (Region wise)
• Shall develop knowledge, skill in the science and practice of Oral Implantology
• Shall develop teaching skill in the field of Periodontology and Oral Implantology
• Principals of Surgery and Medical Emergencies.
• To sensitize students about inter disciplinary approach towards the soft tissues of the oral cavity with the help of specialist from other departments.
B) SKILLS:
• Take a proper clinical history, thorough examination of intra oral, extra oral, medical history evaluation, advice essential diagnostic procedures and interpret them to come to a reasonable diagnosis
• Effective motivation and education regarding periodontal disease maintenance after the treatment
• Perform both non-surgical & education regarding periodontal disease, maintenance after the treatment
• Perform both non-surgical and surgical procedures independently
• Provide Basic Life Support Service (BLS) recognizes the need for advance life support and does the immediate need for that.
• Human values, ethical practice to communication abilities
• Adopt ethical principles in all aspects of treatment modalities; Professional honesty & integrity are to be fostered. Develop Communication skills to make awareness regarding periodontal disease Apply high moral and ethical standards while carrying out human or animal research, Be humble, accept the limitations in his/her knowledge and skill, and ask for help from colleagues when needed, Respect patients rights and privileges, including patients right to information and right to seek a second opinion.
• To learn the principal of lip repositioning and perio esthetics surgeries.
Course Outcomes
After completion of the course the students shall be able to:
1. Diagnose the patients periodontal problem, plan and perform appropriate periodontal treatment
2. Competent to educate and motivate the patient
3. Competent to perform thorough oral prophylaxis, subgingival scaling, root planning and periodontal surgical procedures and implantology
4. Give proper post treatment instructions and do periodic recall and evaluation
Syllabus
Unit 1: APPLIED BASIC SCIENCES APPLIED ANATOMY:
1. Development of the Periodontium
2. Micro and Macro structural anatomy and biology of the periodontal tissues 3. Age changes in the periodontal tissues
4. Anatomy of the Periodontium
• Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy
• Blood supply of the Periodontium
• Lymphatic system of the Periodontium
• Nerves of the Periodontium
5. Temporomandibular joint, Maxillae and Mandible 6. Tongue, oropharynx
7. Muscles of mastication / Face
8. Blood Supply and Nerve Supply of Head & Neck and Lymphatics.
9. Spaces of Head & Neck PHYSIOLOGY:
1. Blood
2. Respiratory system – knowledge of the respiratory diseases which are a cause of periodontal diseases (periodontal Medicine)
3. Cardiovascular system a. Blood pressure
b. Normal ECG c. Shock
4. Endocrinology – hormonal influences on Periodontium 5. Gastrointestinal system
a. Salivary secretion – composition, function & regulation b. Reproductive physiology
c. Hormones – Actions and regulations, role in periodontal disease d. Family planning methods
6. Nervous system a. Pain pathways
b. Taste – Taste buds, primary taste sensation & pathways for sensation 7. Hemostasis
BIOCHEMISTRY:
1. Basics of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, enzymes and minerals 2. Diet and nutrition and periodontium
3. Biochemical tests and their significance 4. Calcium and phosphorus
PATHOLOGY:
1. Cell structure and metabolism
2. Inflammation and repair, necrosis and degeneration 3. Immunity and hypersensitivity
4. Circulatory disturbances – edema, hemorrhage, shock, thrombosis, embolism, infarction and hypertension
5. Disturbances of nutrition 6. Diabetes mellitus
7. Cellular growth and differentiation, regulation 8. Lab investigations
9. Blood
MICROBIOLOGY:
1. General bacteriology a. Identification of bacteria b. Culture media and methods c. Sterilization and disinfection 2. Immunology and Infection
3. Systemic bacteriology with special emphasis on oral microbiology – staphylococci, genus actinomyces and other filamentous bacteria and actinobacillus actinomycetum comitans
4. Virology
a. General properties of viruses b. Herpes, Hepatitis, virus, HIV virus 5. Mycology
a. Candidiasis
6. Applied microbiology
7. Diagnostic microbiology and immunology, hospital infections and management PHARMACOLOGY:
1. General pharmacology
a. Definitions – Pharmacokinetics with clinical applications, routes of administration including local drug delivery in Periodontics
b. Adverse drug reactions and drug interactions 2. Detailed pharmacology of
a. Analgesics – opiod and nonopiod b. Local anesthetics
c. Haematinics and coagulants, Anticoagulants d. Vit D and Calcium preparations
e. Antidiabetics drugs f. Steroids
g. Antibiotics h. Antihypertensive
i. Immunosuppressive drugs and their effects on oral tissues j. Antiepileptic drugs
3. Brief pharmacology, dental use and adverse effects of a. General anesthetics
b. Antipsychotics c. Antidepressants d. Anxiolytic drugs
e. Sedatives f. Antiepileptics g. Antihypertensives h. Antianginal drugs i. Diuretics
j. Hormones
k. Pre-anesthetic medications
4. Drugs used in Bronchial asthma, cough 5. Drug therapy of
a. Emergencies b. Seizures c. Anaphylaxis d. Bleeding e. Shock
f. Diabetic ketoacidosis g. Acute addisonian crisis 6. Dental Pharmacology a. Antiseptics
b. Astringents c. Sialogogues d. Disclosing agents e. Antiplaque agents 7. Fluoride pharmacology BIOSTATISTICS:
1. Introduction, definition and branches of biostatistics 2. Collection of data, sampling, types, bias and errors 3. Compiling data-graphs and charts
4. Measures of central tendency (mean, median and mode), standard deviation and variability
5. Tests of significance (chi square test, t-test and z-test) Null hypothesis
Unit 2- ETIOPATHOGENESIS:
1. Classification of periodontal diseases and conditions 2. Epidemiology of gingival and periodontal diseases 3. Defense mechanisms of gingival
4. Periodontal microbiology
5. Basic concepts of inflammation and immunity
6. Microbial interactions with the host in periodontal diseases 7. Pathogenesis of plaque associated periodontal diseases 8. Dental calculus
9. Role of iatrogenic and other local factors
10. Genetic factors associated with periodontal diseases
11. Influence of systemic diseases and disorders of the periodontium 12. Role of environmental factors in the etiology of periodontal disease 13. Stress and periodontal diseases
14. Occlusion and periodontal diseases
15. Smoking and tobacco in the etiology of periodontal diseases 16. AIDS and periodontium
17. Periodontal medicine 18. Dentinal hypersensitivity
Unit 3- CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC PERIODONTOLOGY AND ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY
(i) GINGIVAL DISEASES 1. Gingival inflammation 2. Clinical features of gingivitis 3. Gingival enlargement
4. Acute gingival infections
5. Desquamative gingivitis and oral mucous membrane diseases 6. Gingival diseases in the childhood
(ii) PERIODONTAL DISEASES 1. Periodontal pocket
2. Bone loss and patterns of bone destruction 3. Periodontal response to external forces 4. Masticatory system disorders
5. Chronic periodontitis 6. Aggressive periodontitis
7. Necrotising ulcerative periodontitis 8. Interdisciplinary approaches - Orthodontic
- Endodontic
(iii) TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES
A. History, examination, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning 1. Clinical diagnosis
2. Radiographic and other aids in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases 3. Advanced diagnostic techniques
4. Risk assessment
5. Determination of prognosis 6. Treatment plan
7. Rationale for periodontal treatment
8. General principles of anti-infective therapy with special emphasis on infection control in periodontal practice
9. Halitosis and its treatment 10. Bruxism and its treatment B. Periodontal instrumentation 1. Periodontal Instruments
2. Principles of periodontal instrumentation C. Periodontal therapy
1. Preparation of tooth surface 2. Plaque control
3. Anti microbial and other drugs used in periodontal therapy and wasting diseases of teeth
4. Periodontal management of HIV infected patients
5. Occlusal evaluation and therapy in the management of periodontal diseases 6. Role of orthodontics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy
7. Special emphasis on precautions and treatment for medically compromised patients 8. Periodontal splints
9. Management of dentinal hypersensitivity
D. Periodontal surgical phase – special emphasis on drug prescription 1. General principles of periodontal surgery
2. Surgical anatomy of periodontium and related structures 3. Gingival curettage
4. Gingivectomy technique
5. Treatment of gingival enlargements 6. Periodontal flap
7. Osseous surgery (resective and regenerative) 8. Furcation; Problem and its management 9. The periodontic – endodontic continuum 10. Periodontic plastic and esthetic surgery 11. Recent advances in surgical techniques
E. Future directions and controversial questions in periodontal therapy 1. Future directions for infection control
2. Research directions in regenerative therapy 3. Future directions in anti-inflammatory therapy
4. Future directions in measurement of periodontal diseases F. Periodontal maintenance phase
1. Supportive periodontal treatment 2. Results of periodontal treatment (iv) ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY 1. Introduction and historical review
2. Biological, clinical and surgical aspects of dental implants 3. Diagnosis and treatment planning
4. Implant surgery
5. Prosthetic aspects of dental implants
6. Diagnosis and treatment of Peri implant complications
7. Special emphasis on plaque control measures in implant patients 8. Maintenance phase
(v) MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL EMERGENCIES IN PERIODONTAL PRACTICE Periodontology treatment should be practiced by various treatment plans and more
number of patients to establish skill for diagnosis and treatment and after care with bio- mechanical, biological, bio-esthetics, bio-phonetics and all treatment should be carried out in more number for developing clinical skill.
Suggested Readings/Text/References
1. Essentials of Periodontology and periodontics- Torquil MacPhee 2. Contemporary periodontics- Cohen
3. Periodontal therapy- Goldman 4. Orbans’ periodontics- Orban 5. Oral Health Survey- W.H.O.
6. Preventive Periodontics- Young and Stiffler 7. Public Health Dentistry- Slack
8. Advanced Periodontal Disease- John Prichard 9. Preventive Dentistry- Forrest
10. Clinical Periodontology- Jan Lindhe 11. Periodontics- Baer & Morris.
DEPARTMENT OF PERIODONTICS AND COMMUNITY DENTISTRY B.D.S.(Final year)
Course Title: Public Health Dentistry Course Number : BDS-427, BDS-428 Type of Course : Theory and Practical
Course Assessment : Health talk ,Seminar, Chart, Model (20%) 1st, 2nd and 3rd Sessional Examination (1 Hour) (10%)
Annual Examination (3 Hour) (70%) Practical: 100 marks
Course Objectives
Providing leadership and expertise in population-based dentistry, oral health surveillance, policy development, community-based disease prevention and health promotion, and the maintenance of the dental safety net.
Course Outcomes
After completion of the course the students shall be able to:
1. Apply the principles of health promotion and disease prevention
2. Have knowledge of the organization and provision of health care in community and in the hospital service
3. Have knowledge of the prevalence of common dental conditions in India.
4. Have knowledge of community based preventive measures
5. Have knowledge of the social, cultural and env. Factors which contribute to health or illness.
6. Administer and hygiene instructions, topical fluoride therapy and fissure sealing.
7. Educate patients concerning the aetiology and prevention of oral disease and encourage them to assure responsibility for their oral health.
Syllabus
Unit 1. Introduction to Dentistry and dental public health :
1. Definition of Dentistry, History of dentistry, Scope, aims and objectives of Dentistry.
2. Definition and difference between community and clinical health.
3. Epidemiology of dental diseases-dental caries, periodontal diseases, malocclusion, dental fluorosis and oral cancer.
4. Survey procedures: Planning, implementation and evaluation, WHO oral health survey methods 1997, indices for dental diseases.
Unit 2. Public Health:
1. Health & Disease: - Concepts, Philosophy, Definition and Characteristics
2. Public Health: - Definition & Concepts, History of public health 3. General Epidemiology: - Definition, objectives, methods
4. Environmental Health: - Concepts, principles, protection, sources, purification ,
environmental sanitation of water disposal of waste sanitation, then role in mass disorder 5. Health Education: - Definition, concepts, principles, methods, and health education aids 6. Public Health Administration: - Priority, establishment, manpower, private practice
management, hospital management.
7. Ethics and Jurisprudence: Professional liabilities, negligence, malpractice, consents, evidence, contracts, and methods of identification in forensic dentistry.
8. Nutrition in oral diseases
9. Behavioral science: Definition of sociology, anthropology and psychology and their in dental
practice and community.
10. Health care delivery system: Center and state, oral health policy, primary health care, national programmes, health organizations.
Unit 3- Delivery of dental care and practice management
1. Dental auxiliaries, operational and non-operational, incremental andcomprehensive health care, school dental health.
2. Payments of dental care: Methods of payments and dental insurance, government plans 3. Preventive Dentistry- definition, Levels, role of individual , community and profession, fluorides in dentistry, plaque control programmes.
4. Dentist Act 1948 with amendment.
5. Dental Council of India and State Dental Councils- Composition and responsibilities.
6. Indian Dental Association-Head Office, State, local and branches.
7. practice management - Place and locality, Premises & layout, Selection of equipments, Maintenance of records/accounts/audit.
Unit 4 - Research Methodology and Dental Statistics
1. Health Information: - Basic knowledge of Computers, MS Office, Window 2000, Statistical Programmes
2. Research Methodology: -Definition, types of research, designing a written protocol 3. Bio-Statistics: - Introduction, collection of data, presentation of data, Measures of Central tendency, measures of dispersion, Tests of significance, Sampling and sampling techniquestypes, errors, bias, blind trails and calibration.
Suggested Readings/Text/References
1. Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine by Park and park, 14th edition.
2. Community Dentistry by Dr. Soben Peter.
3. Introduction to Bio-statistics by B. K. Mahajan
4. Oral Health Surveys- Basic Methods, 4th edition, 1997, published by W. H. O. Geneva available at the regional office New Delhi.
5. Dental Public Health- An Introduction to Community Dentistry. Edition by Geoffrey L.
Slack and Brain Burt, Published by John Wrigth and sons Bristol, 1980.
6. Dental Public Health and Community Dentistry Ed by Anthony Jong Publication by The C. V. Mosby Company 1981
DEPARTMENT OF PERIODONTICS AND COMMUNITY DENTISTRY Diploma in Dental Hygienist
Course Title: Diploma in Dental Hygienist Course Number : PDDH
Course Category : clinical
Type of Course : Theory and Practical
Course Assessment :1st year: Paper I • Anatomy, Physiology & Histology
Paper II Phramacalogy, Pathology & Microbiology.
Paper III : Food Nutrition & Radiology.
2nd year: Paper I Dental Hygiene & Oral Prophylaxis.
Paper II Dental Health Education, Community/Public Health Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry.
Paper III Dental Materials, Dental Ethics & Jurisprudence, Orientation in Dentistry
Marks for each of the papers shall be as under:- Written 75, Oral 25, Practical 100, Total 200
Course Objectives
"Dental Hygienist" means a person, not being a' Dentist or a Medical Practitioner, who
scales, cleans or polishes teeth, or gives instructions in dental hygiene. He shall work under the supervision of the Registered Dental Surgeon.
Course Outcomes
After completion of the course the students shall be able to:
1. Competent to educate and motivate the patient
2. Competent to perform thorough oral prophylaxis, cleans or polishes teeth.
3. Apply the principles of health promotion and disease prevention 4. Have knowledge of community based preventive measures
5. Administer and hygiene instructions, topical fluoride therapy and fissure sealing.
6. Educate patients concerning the aetiology and prevention of oral disease and encourage them to assure responsibility for their oral health.
Syllabus
Unit -1 : Basic Sciences
(1) ANATOMY, GENERAL AND DENTAL
General structure of mucous membrane(tongue, pharynx, lips), bones, muscles, blood vessels, lymphatics, glands & nerves. Blood and nerve supply in relation to face in general and_ teeth and associated structures in particular.
— Elementary knowledge of development of the jaws and teeth.
Structure, nomenclature and morphology of human teeth.
Eruption; resorption & occlusion of teeth.
Relationship of teeth with investing tissues.
Muscles of mastication and facial expression.
Tempromandibular Articulation.
Course and distribution of Vth and VIlth Cranial nerves.
(2) PHYSIOLOGY & HISTOLOGY, GENERAL & DENTAL:
Lectures
Cell structure of the human body.
Brief description of the histology and function of various dental and oral tissues e.g.
Gingiva, Periodontal membrane, Alveolar process, Cemetum; Enamel, De), tine, Nasmyths membrau Pulp etc.
Salivary glands, ducts and their functions.
Composition and function of Saliva.
Blood : Composition& functions Mastication, deglutition & Phonation.
General outlines of the physiological processes of the human body-particularly circulatory.
Practical
Study of prepared histological slides of oral and dental tissues, sections of a tooth.
Routine blood examination.
(3) PHARMACOLOGY, GENERAL & DENTAL:
Lectures
Brief description, nomenclature, derivation, dosage, pharmacological action and therapeutic uses of drugs commonly used in dentistry( Obtundent, astringent ,mouth wash, antiseptics)
Practical
Preparation of gum paints, mouth washes and dentifrices.
(4) PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY, GENERAL AND DENTAL:
Lectures
General principles of Pathology - Inflammation, degeneration and repair.
Application of general principles of pathology to tooth and surrounding tissues.
Dental Anomalies.
Attrition, Abrasion and Erosion.
Oral manifestation of systeinic diseases like diabetes, syphilis, anaemia, vitamin deficiencies and infectious diseases like AIDS & Hepatitis B -
Infection Control in Dental Operatory and Bio-Medical Waste Management and Handling Neoplasm with reference to oral cavity.
Elementary knowledge of Bacteriology, Asepsis, Infection, Immunity, Brief description of Pathology and Bacteriology of Dental Caries and Gingival infections.
Practical -
Study of prepared pathological and bacteriological slides relating to oral and dental conditions.
Clinical demonstration of oral and dental manifestation of systemic disorders.
(5) DENTAL RADIOLOGY:
Lectures
Fundamental and elementary principle of Dental Radiology including X- Ray machine, its components and maintenance.
Basic knowledge of Radio Visio. Grapy technique & extra oral radiographs including Panoramic (Ortho-pantographs and cephalostats).
Automatic Film processing
Cataloging & Indexing of IOPA Films.
Knowledge of occlusal, bitewing and digital radiography
Technical aspects of Dental Radiographs i.e. the taking, processing and mounting of Dental Radiographs.
Characteristics of acceptable image, factors that influence finished radiographs, rules of radiation protection. Radiation Hazards.
Practical
Taking, processing and mounting of Infra & Extra Oral Radiographs.
(6) FOOD AND NUTRITION:
Lectures and Practicals
Basic 'food chemistry' in relation to general and Oral Health.
Physical nature of diet in prevention of dental diseases.
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water in relation to dental and oral Health.
General food requirements for growth, maintenance and repair of the body.
Assessment & charting of individual diet & counseling.
Effect of malnutrition on oral health.
Special diet and its administration in maxillofacial injury cases.
(7) DENTAL HYGIENE AND ORAL PROPHYLAXIS (Primary and Final) Lectures -
• Definition of Hygiene Objectives of Dental Hygiene Oral Prophylaxis - Various methods.
Oral Propholaxis: treatment system
Stains on teeth - extrinsic, inti msic and their management.
Dental plaque.
Brushing & Flossing Technique Dental Calculus
Technical knowledge of ultrasonic scaling
Brief description and the role of Oral Prophylaxis in Gingivitis, Periodontitis, Periodontal and Alveolar abscess..
Clinical .
Instruments, technique of Oral Prophylaxis Destaining and polishing of teeth.
Topical application of fluorides.
Care of oral cavity and appliances during treatment of maxillofacial cases.
Unit 2: (1) DENTAL HYGIENE, ORAL PRQPHLAXIS, DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION, COMMUNITY PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY & PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY:
Definition of Health and Dental Health
Aims and objectives of Dental Health Education.
Dental Health and Children.
Steps in preventive program, patient counselling.
Dental Health Education-Parents, mothers (anti and post-natal), infants pre-school Children and grownup Handicapped children.
Dental caries- Prevalence and Prevention.
Prevention by flouridation.
Periodontal Diseases.
Saliva in relation to dental health and disease.
Dietary habits and Dental Health.
Habits and Malocclusion.
Oral Cancer.
Brief outline of historical background of public Health, History of dentistry and Public Health Services. Dental Health Team in relation to community health.
Technical knowledge of TopiCal Fluoride Application Practical
Preparation of models of jaws and teeth-normal and pathological dental conditions.
Designing, drawing and painting of-posters on 'dental health education.
Procedure for arranging. Short talks, skits and features on dental and oral health, visual aids.
Collection of Oral Health related statistics by conducting a small survey of an area.
Unit 3: (3) DENTAL ETHICS, JURISPRUDENCE AND ORIENTATION IN DENTISTRY Difference between ethics and law, types of law.
Legal impositions in relation to dental practice, code of ethics.
Unlicensed practice of dentistry.
Regulatory and professsional organisation.
Place and function 'of dental profession in the society and discussion of economic problems involved therein.
Social factors in Dental Progress, income and living standard of people.
Objective and scope of dentistry.
Dental specialities
Unit 4: (4) BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTER and DENTAL MATERIALS General office routine economics, record-keeping services, Professional referrals and computing skill;
DENTAL MATERIALS Lectures and Practical
General knowledge of various material used in Dentistry such as impression material, gypsum products, waxes, investing materials and various filling materials, Temporary and Permanent cements, orthodontic material and implant materials, materials used in maxillofacial and surgical prosthesis.
Recognition and knowledge of various dental equipment and stores used in dental establishment.
Organisation of dental stores, storage and accounting, handling and maintenance of dental items, assembly and minor repair of dental equipment .
Suggested Readings/Text/References
1. Community Dentistry by Dr. Soben Peter.
2. Dental Public Health and Community Dentistry Ed by Anthony Jong Publication by C. V. Mosby Company 1981.
3. Contemporary periodontics- Cohen 4. Periodontal therapy- Goldman 5. Orbans’ periodontics- Orban 6. Preventive Dentistry- Forrest
