ACTION PLAN
ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION IN
CRITICALLY POLLUTED AREA
OF
NAJAFGARH DRAN BASIN INCLUDING OKHLA, NARAINA, ANAND PARBAT
AND WAZIRPUR INDL AREAS
DELHI POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEE
4 th Floor, ISBT Building, Kashmere Gate, Delhi-6
March, 2011
PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF NAJAFGARH DRAIN BASISN
1.0 Introduction
After analyzing the Environmental Status of Industrial Clusters of the country, Central Pollution Control Board in consultation with the Ministry of Environment &
Forests has identified 88 critically polluted industrial clusters, of which Najafgarh Drain Basin including Wazirpur, Naraina, Anand Parbat and Okhla industrial areas is one of them in NCT of Delhi.
1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES Location
The National Capital Territory of Delhi is stretched over an area of 1483 sq km.
As far as the location of Delhi is concerned, it stands in the middle of the Indian sub- continent, between the Himalayas and Aravallis range. Bordered by Haryana in the east and by Uttar Pradesh across the river Yamuna, Delhi is located approximately 213 to 305 m above the sea level. It is around 33 miles and 30 miles broad and extends latitude 28.38°N and longitude 77.12°E.
The location of Delhi is such that a major part of the city falls on the western side
of the Yamuna River. Apart from Yamuna, which is the main river of the city, there are 3
canals, Agra Canal, Hindon Canal and western Yamuna Canal. Geography of Delhi has
divided it into 3 segments. The three segments consist of the Yamuna flood plain, the
Ridge and the Plain. The low lying and flood prone area of Yamuna flood plains is also known by the name of Khadar.
The area of the Ridge stretches from the Aravalli hills, encircling the city on the northwest and west. One of the highlights of the Ridge area is the Tughlaquabad Fort that stands at its highest point. The Plains consist of all the area of Delhi, apart from the Yamuna flood plain and the Ridge. Majority of the city area, consisting of Delhi, New Delhi and Delhi cantonment, falls in the fertile land of the Plains.
Topography
The topography of Delhi can be divided into three different parts, the plains, the Yamuna flood plain, and the ridge. As per the topography, Delhi is located on the western fringes of the Gangetic Plains. The low altitude Yamuna flood plains provides an excellent scope of agriculture, as it is covered with the fertile alluvium brought by the river Yamuna and deposited here during the frequent floods. The other topographical feature is the Ridge, which reaches the height of 1043 ft above sea level, and is the highest point in Delhi. The ridge originates in the south and surrounds its western, the northwestern and northeastern part. It is a part of the Aravalli Hills.
Climate
The climate of Delhi is one of the most varied and purely depends upon the
climate of nearby areas of Himachal Pradesh, Rajastan etc. Delhi experiences the
extremes of weather. This is because of the geological location of Delhi. The climatic
conditions of Delhi are similar to that of the temperate grasslands with hot, dry summers,
and cold winters. The summers in Delhi start from the month of April and continue till
the month of July. It is very hot and dry in the summer months, with temperature soaring up to 45o C. The rainy season provides relief from searing heat and continues till the month of October. The humidity levels very high in Delhi at this time of the year. The winter months are characterized by dip in the temperature levels often reaching 5o C or less than that.
Rainfall
The city does not witness much of rainy season. The monsoon lasts from July to September. October sees the end of the monsoon but it is reasonably pleasant.
Weather Graph for Delhi
Note: These are average maximum and average minimum temperature for Delhi. The highest temperature in Delhi for the month is usually higher than the average maximum temperature.
Similarly, the lowest temperature in Delhi for the month is usually lower than the average
minimum temperature.
25 Years Average (1981-2005) rainfall data
Months Av. Annual Rainfall (mm) Rainy Days
Jan 22.5 1.4
Feb 22.0 1.8
Mar 14.5 1.6
Apr 20.6 1.3
May 28.5 2.2
Jun 83.7 4.6
Jul 184.0 9.4
Aug 227.2 9.8
Sep 119.6 4.9
Oct 16.0 1.0
Nov 5.6 0.6
Dec 10.9 1.1
Total 755.4 39.7
Ground Water Scenario
The dependence on ground water is quite considerable in the area. The Ground water availability in the territory is controlled by the hydrogeological situation characterized by occurrence of alluvial formation and hard rocks such as quartzite. The hydrogeological set up and the following distinct physiographic units further influence the ground water occurrence: (1) Older Alluvial Plain on the eastern and western side of the ridge. (2) Yamuna Flood Plain deposits. (3) Isolated and nearly closed Chattarpur alluvial basin. (4) NNE-SSW trending Quartzite Ridge. The yield of tube wells ranges between 18-144 m3/ hr in Yamuna Flood Plain aquifers. In Older Alluvium of eastern and western sides of the ridge, the yield of tube wells ranges between 12 to 36 m3/ hr. Tube wells constructed in Chattarpur alluvial basin tapping the aquifers of both alluvium and weathered and fractured quartzite yield about 9 to 27 m3 / hr.
Discharge of tube wells constructed in Quartzites varies from 6-15 m3 / hr.
The groundwater is declining in majority of the areas of Delhi on account of
overexploitation of the resources. The rate of decline is as high as 1.7 to 2 meters/year in some
areas (South & South west Dist.). Thus seven out of nine districts of Delhi are categorized as
overexploited with respect to dynamic groundwater resources. The groundwater quality shows
horizontal and vertical variation in space. The deeper aquifers are mostly underlain by saline
water in alluvial areas. The extent of fluoride contamination in groundwater is also high in
western part of Delhi in areas like Northwest, Southwest & West districts. The groundwater
management aspects of Delhi emphasizes on augmentation of groundwater resources and
improvement in groundwater quality through measures like rainwater harvesting and artificial
recharge, conservation of groundwater by limiting withdrawal in overexploited areas and limited development of potential aquifers of Delhi to augment drinking water supply.
The quality of ground water is alkaline with pH ranging from 7.1 to 9.2, chloride content ranges between 21 and 1380 ppm. South of Delhi average chloride content is 250 ppm while in Najafgarh area it is around 1000 ppm rendering the water saline covering the area of 32 km. Sq.
and marginally saline over the area of 129 sq km.
The ground water study done by the NEERI for MoEF revealed high nitrate and fluoride concentrations. High metallic content, particularly manganese and iron have also been observed in the samples collected. The manganese content was found to be 0.1 mg/L against the permissible limit of 0.5-mg/L and iron concentration of 4.05 mg/L to 0.337 mg/L have been observed.
Chemical Quality of Ground Water in South West district
Ground water in maximum part of the South district is fresh and potable with electrical
conductivity ranging from 320 to 4130 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Electrical conductivity values
more than the permissible limit are observed at Deragaon, Molarbund and at Gadaipur. High
values of nitrate are found at four locations i.e. at Gadaipur, at Rajokri and at Jaunapur. In north
Ghitorni and Andheri More, Fluoride is more than permissible limits. Except chromium
concentrations at one locality, ground water is devoid of pollution by heavy metals. A
comparison of ground water quality from 1983 to 2000 shows quality deterioration in the central
part of the Chhattarpur basin and in the areas around Nizamuddin. In central part of the
Chattarpur basin, quality deterioration is mainly because of over-development of ground water
resources. The exhaustion of fresh water present at shallow depths is resulting into brackish
water pumping from the tubewells that are tapping the deeper aquifers of alluvium.
The electrical conductivity of shallow ground water in the Southwest district varies from 630 to 13200 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Detailed Electrical Conductivity map prepared for this district, ground water quality is fresh with electrical conductivity 1000 to 2000 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Thus, with over-development of ground water resources in the district, more and more areas are becoming brackish.
1.2 Background:
Najafgrah Drain Basin is figuring at Sl. No. 61 of the list of 88 clusters/areas. Along with
Najafgarh Drain Basin, four more industrial areas of Delhi i.e Wazirpur, Naraina, Anand Parbat
and Okhla have been added as critically polluted. The map of area is enclosed as Annexure-I.
The list of industrial areas whose waste waters are reaching Najafgarh Drain is given below. The number of industries who have applied for consent with DPCC in each area is given below
NORTH ZONE
1. G.T. Karnal Road Industrial Area 520 2. Rajasthani Udyog Nagar Industrial Area 152
3. S.M.A. Industrial Area 238
4. S.S.I. Industrial Area 202
5. Wazirpur Industrial Area 1914
6. Lawrance Road Industrial Area 898 7. Udyog Nagar Industrial Area 587 8. D.S.I.D.C. - Sheds Nagloi
9. Mangol Puri Industrial Area (Both DDA &
DSIDC)
1083
10. Badli Industrial Area 650
11. Narela Industrial Area 3139
12 Bawana Industrial Area 1995
SOUTH ZONE
1. Okhla Industrial Area, Ph-I & Ph-II 2107 WEST ZONE
1. Naraina Industrial Area Ph-I & Ph-II 877 2. Mayapuri Industrial Area Ph-I & Ph-II 1597 3. Tilak Nagar Industrial Area 52 4. Kirti Nagar Industrial Area 574 5. D.F.L. Industrial Area, Moti Nagar 105 6. Najafgarh Road Industrial Area 598
As per the Delhi Master Plan 2021, 20 new industrial areas have been earmarked for redevelopment considering various factors. Anand Parbat Indl area is one of these industrial areas. Other industrial areas falling in the catchment area of Najafgarh Drain are Samaipur Badli, Sultanpur Mazra, Hastsal Pocket – A, Naresh Park Extension, Libaspur, Peeragarhi Village.
Khyala, Hastsal Pocket-D, Shalimar Village, Nawada, Rithala, Swaran Park Mundka, Haiderpur,
Dabri and Basai Darapur. These areas have been approved as industrial areas for redevelopment
by Ministry of Urban Development, UOI as per their policy as these areas consists of more than
70% industries. Though number of industries are in operation, they will be considered authorized/approved only when the areas are redeveloped and notified as industrial areas. The said task has been entrusted with DSIIDC, Govt. of NCT of Delhi. All the units in unauthorized and redevelopment areas shall be allowed to operate with the adequate pollution control systems.
1.3 SOURCES OF POLLUTION:
1.3.1 Water Pollution:
Water pollution is being caused by the industries engaged in the activities of pickling, dyeing, electroplating and other miscellaneous water polluting units. etc. in the industrial areas as well as non industrial areas falling in the catchment area of Najafgarh Drain. Pickling units use hydrochloric acid for cleaning the surface of the products. Significant amount of wastewater is generated by these units. The main pollutants in the wastewater discharged by the industry are pH & TDS. Same is the case with other water polluting units engaged in different activities.
Most of the units are equipped with CETPs to treat the waste waters generated in these industrial areas but there is no provision for controlling the TDS.
Pursuant to the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, 15 CETPs were proposed to cater to the needs of treatment of waste water generated by the 21 industrial areas of NCT of Delhi. However, only 10 CETPs, out of the above 15 proposed CETPs, have been constructed so far and are operational at present. One more CETP at Narela industrial area has been constructed by DSIIDC which is also operational. Waste water from all the CETPs except for Jhilmil &
Friends Colony Indl Area is entering into Najafgarh Drain, which in turn meets the river
Yamuna.
The list of these 10 CETPs along with their installed capacities and present utilization is given below:
Sl.No. Name and location of the CETP
Indl areas being catered to
Installed
capacity in MLD
Capacity being treated at present in MLD
1 GTK Road Indl Area CETP
GTK Road Indl Area
6 2 – 2.5
2 Lawrence Road CETP Lawrence Road 12 2.5
3 Badli Industrial Estate CETP
Badli Industrial Estate
12 0.6
4 Mangolpuri CETP Mangolpuri 2.6 1.2
5 Okhla CETP Okhla 24 3.0
6 Wazirpur Indl Area CETP Wazirpur Indl Area
24 1.45 7 DSIIDC Nangloi & Udyog
Nagar Indl Area CETP
DSIIDC Nangloi
& Udyog Nagar Indl Area
12 1.3 8 SMA Indl Area CETP SMA Indl Area,
SSI Indl Area and Rajastan Udyog Nagar Indl Area
12 1.55
9 Mayapuri CETP Mayapuri Indl
Area
12 3.74
10 Narela Indl Area CETP Narela Indl Area 22.5 8.0 – 9.0
Map showing CETPs of Najafgarh Drain Basin
LEGEND
Railway line ……..
Road ……..
Drain ---
1.Wazirpur 2. GT Karnal Road 3. Lawrence Road 4. Udyog Nagar & DSIDC Nangloi 5. Mangolpuri 6. SMA, SSI & RUN 7. Badli 8. Narela 9. Mayapuri 10. Okhla
Apart from the above, the construction of CETPs at industrial areas such as Anand Parbat, Okhla industrial estate and Mohan Co-operative industrial areas have been kept in abeyance by Environmental Pollution Control Authority (EPCA) headed by Sh. Bhure Lal. The construction at Najafgarh Road Indl area is presently not in progress due to dispute with the contractor of CETP and at Naraina Industrial Area is in the final stages of commissioning.
DPCC has been collecting samples of waste water at both inlet and outlet of the all the operational CETPs on monthly basis and appropriate action to rectify the deficiencies has been issued from time to time. The parameters which are not meeting the norms, at each of the CETP, during the period (June 2009 to May 2009) have been tabulated and the same is enclosed as Annexure –II. Perusal of the said table establishes that the parameters such as TDS, Chlorides, and Fluorides are not meeting the norms by most of the CETPs on certain occasions and BOD on some occasions by some of the CETPs. The deficiencies are informed to the respective CETP Society and they are directed to remove the same to comply with the norms laid down.The major issue of concern is that the quantity of waste water reaching the respective CETPs and being treated is very low compared to the total installed capacities. This is particularly because entire polluting industries has either been closed or shifted out of Delhi.
Domestic Pollution:
About 840 MGD of water is required to cater to the needs of the population of NCT of
Delhi. Due to consumption of such huge quantity of water by the population, about 672 MGD of
waste water is generated. However, the total treatment capacity of STPs as on today is only
512.8 MGD, which is well below the required capacity, apart from having large number of
localities of NCT of Delhi not covered by any sewerage network. Number of steps are being
taken by both DPCC and other statutory agencies such as Delhi Jal Board, Department of Industries etc to check the water pollution.
1.3.2 Air Pollution:
The environment of NCT of Delhi has degraded a lot during the last few years due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, increase in population, vehicles and commercialization of land available within the town. The main stationary sources of air pollution are the industrial units, which are emitting particulate matter, sulphur di-oxide and oxides of nitrogen etc. But the rate at which the said degradation has occurred has reduced due to various steps taken by DPCC and other agencies to rein in the air pollution levels. Burning of rice and wheat straw by the farmers in the agricultural fields of NCT of Delhi is also affecting the ambient air quality of the town. As per report of Central Pollution Control Board, the Cumulative Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) in respect of air has been calculated as 79.54 for Najafgarh Drain basin, on the basis of which the said basin has been declared as critically polluted area.
Sources of Air Pollution:
(a) Mobile sources:
With the development of industries, growth of population and rise in living standards, the demand of two wheelers and four wheelers has increased manifold. At present, there are about 60 lakh registered vehicles on the roads of Delhi, which one of the major contributors towards the deteriorating ambient air quality of the city. The dust lying on the roads reenters the atmosphere resulting in increased levels of Particulate Matter.
(b) Stationary Point Sources:
(i) Private or public sector organizations are carrying out major construction activity in the
city are emitting significant quantity of dust emissions into atmosphere, which need to
take necessary steps to ensure that no dust emissions are emitted from their activities and the debris generated as a result of these activities are disposed off at a proper place instead of dumping the same in an haphazard manner.
(ii) NCT of Delhi consists of agricultural fields and burning of rice/ wheat straw by the farmers in the fields is also affecting the ambient quality of the town.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data of NCT of Delhi:
In order to determine the status of quality of the ambient air in the catchment area of Najafgarh Drain basin, the Board is monitoring the ambient air quality of at various locations for the last number of years. The ambient air quality monitoring analysis of last 12 years (as given below) reveals that the annual average concentration of Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) is in the range of 160 to 301 µg/m
3against annual average prescribed standard of 120 µg/m
3for industrial area, 60 µg/m
3for residential, rural & other area and 50 µg/m
3for sensitive area. So, the concentration of RSPM in ambient air is more than the prescribed limit.
Concentration (Annual Mean) of Different Pollutants in Delhi
Parameter 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010*
SO
2 18.7 20.4 19.5 18 14.1 11.3 9.5 9.3 8.8 10.2 4 5 5 5NO
2 44.9 42.2 40.1 41.8 41.8 50.8 55.8 57.4 55.9 55.9 38 43.1 47.3 51SPM
363 378 375 431 382 456 391 390 373 433 365 416 492 550RSPM
191 150 192 170 160 168 177 161 201 248 301All values in micrograms/m
3Source: CPCB
* averaged upto April 10
Comparison of the values observed in 2010 with values of 2002 shows reduction of 55.8 % in
SO
2Concentration and 9.24in NO
2concentration whereas Particulate Matter concentration shows an
increase of 5 % and 29.7% in respectively in SPM and RSPM concentration
Parameter Permissible limits Micrograms/Nm
3Old New
RSPM 100 60
SO
250 80
NOx 40 80
In addition to the industrial air pollution, the other factors contributing towards the ambient air quality deterioration are:
i) Rapid increase in the vehicular density due to industrialization and commercialization.
ii) Haphazard growth of the industries in both industrial as well as non industrial areas.
iii) Lack of proper infrastructure such as roads, green belts, buffer zones etc.
1.4 Noise Pollution:
Noise pollution is one of the important aspects which has escaped attention of policy makers. However, the said noise pollution is one of the major dangers lurking round the corner.
As per the noise monitoring carried out by the DPCC in year 2008 -09 on monthly basis is shown
in table Noise levels exceeded in most of the locations. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the
noise levels and to take precautionary measures in the areas where the noise levels are at the
border line.
1.5 Hazardous Waste:
There are numerous units situated in the industrial areas located in the Najafgarh Drain
basin and other four industrial areas that generating hazardous waste. The main hazardous waste
is generated from arc / induction furnaces as dust from air pollution control device i.e. Category
34.1 of Schedule-I. Also, in steel rolling mills, air pollution control device dust is considered as
hazardous waste, which is also covered under 34.1 category of Schedule-I of Hazardous Wastes
(Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008. About 5281.80 Tonnes per
annum of hazardous waste is generated by these industries in entire NCT of Delhi as per the
inventorisarion carried out by Ramky’s.
1.6 Bio-medical Waste:
In Delhi there are 3 Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facilities (CBWTF)s (one in South district, two in North West district) & one more CBWTF (at Nilothi STP, in West district) has been granted Consent to Establish by DPCC on 20.04.10.
Besides these CBWTFs, many hospitals e.g Safderjung, RML, Lal Bahadur Shastri Hospital, Swami Dayanand, e.t.c are having their own incinerators / Bio Medical Waste Treatment Facilities.
All the incinerators for Bio medical Waste are having Venturi Scrubber as Air Pollution Control Device for the control of pollution within the prescribed norms.
As per the Annual Report for year 2009, Delhi generates about 10 tonnes ( 9858.795 Kg/day) of Bio Medical Waste (including all the Govt. Hospitals having their own treatment facilities) whereas installed capacities for treatment of Bio Medical Waste with the existing 3 CBWTFs is about 23 tonnes per day which is more than the requirement at present . Besides this Nilothi STP which has been granted Consent to Establish on 20.04.10, will be having treatment capacity of 10 tonnes per day this will enhance the total installed treatment capacity to 33 tonnes per day. As far as the management of this waste is concerned, NCT of Delhi has done tremendous progress.
Two manufacturers of B.P.Apparatus /Thermometers in Delhi have agreed to take / buy mercury waste ( from B.P.Apparatus /Thermometers ) from the Health Care Establishments ;
1. M/s Supreme Surgico, 262/ 425, Lane No.8, Friends Colony Industrial Area,Shahdara, Delhi.
2. M/s Anita Industries, 29, Bhagat Singh Market, New Delhi.
1.7 Municipal Solid Waste:
1.10 About 9000 T/day of municipal solid waste is generated by entire NCT of Delhi and by 2024 the quantity is expected to be around 19100 T/day. Door to door collection of waste has been started in most of the MCD zones which will facilitate in proper collection, transportation and disposal.Work has commenced in 61 Wards out of 63 Wards [21 wards out of 22 wards in Civil Line Zone, 35 wards out of 35 wards in Rohini Zone and 5 wards out of 5 wards in Dwarka Pappan Kalan and a part of Vasant Kunj area] .The Concessionaire has submitted proposal for setting up of compost plant, RDF Plant and Engineered Landfill facility at Narela –Bawana site to MOEF [Ministry of Environment & Forest] and has obtained Environmental Clearance and has submitted CTE application to DPCC in the month of Nov 2010. The work of collection of MSW from municipal receptacles & its transportation upto SLF sites has already been awarded to private concessionaires in South, Central, West, City, Karol Bagh and Sadar Paharganj Zone.
Najafgarh, Narela Zone: Currently being done by MCD. The department proposes to hire tipper trucks and loaders for collection & transportation of MSW from private parties.
Land Fill Site (s): Since 1975
• Set up so far: 20
• Already Filled up and Closed: 15
• Suspended: 2
• Active Landfill [Dump] sites 3
Existing Landfill Sites Land Fill
Site
Location Area (Hectare)
Start Year
Waste Received (T.P.D.)/Waste already dumped/
Remaining life
Zone Supply
Bhalswa North Delhi
21.06 1993 2200
2.77 Million T Nearly full
Civil Line, K.B., Rohini, West and Najafgarh
Gazipur East Delhi
29.16 1984 2000
4.74 Million T Nearly Full
Shah (N), Shah (S), City, S.P. &
N.D.M.C.
Okhla South Delhi
16.20 1994 1200
2.83 Million T Nearly Full
Central, Najafgarh,
South and
Cantonment
1.8 E-Waste:
The e-waste is generally generated from dismantling activities of various electrical / electronic appliances / gadgets such as audiovisual components, televisions, VCRs, stereo equipment, mobile phones and computer components. But till date, no inventory of such waste has been prepared. However, for the proper disposal of such type of waste, the Ministry of Environment & Forest has included this waste in the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling
& Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008.
Numbers of initiatives have been taken by the Delhi Govt. towards the implementation of E Waste guidelines and Rules such as placing of E waste collection bins at various locations in Delhi and E-Waste authorized Recyclers to ensure that the collected E-Waste is recycled in a safe manner. All Delhi Computer Traders Association (ADCTA), Nehru Place, Delhi, was directed to advise their members to send their E-Waste only to the registered recyclers with CPCB. Letters were also sent to different Govt. Departments, IT Companies & Hospitals in Delhi advising to dispose their E-Waste & auction through registered recyclers only.
Some of the registered recyclers are given below:
M/s Earth Sense Recycle Pvt. Ltd.
Plot no. 225, Sector-VI, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon,
Haryana-122 051.
M/s Attero Recycling Pvt. Ltd.
173, Village Bhagwanpur,
Raipur Industrial Area, Roorkee Distt., Haridwar, Uttarkhand.
M/s TIC Group India Pvt. Ltd.
J-2 & J-6, SDF Block-J, Noida Special Economic Zone (NSEZ)
Noida Dadri Road, Noida-201305
2.0 Initiatives/Actions taken by DPCC and other agencies
Najafgarh Drain Basin was also figuring in the already identified 24 Critically Polluted areas. After the identification prior to 2000, a number of steps have been taken by DPCC as well as by various other agencies to bring down the pollution levels.
• Closure of 1328 ‘H’ category units in year 1996 resulted in closure of large scale and highly polluted units like Shriram Foods and Fertilizers, Hindustan Insecticides Limited, DCM Silk Mills, Birla textile Mills, Swatantra Bharat Mills, Indian Oxygen Limited, Hindustan Vegetable Oils and other Hazardous and Obnoxious industries like Leather Tanneries, Hot Mix Plants, Lead Smelting units, Pesticides, Heavy foundries, Heavy Steel Rolling Mills etc.
• In year 2000-2001 intensive drives have been undertaken by Govt. of Delhi to close down the Polluting industries operating in residential areas of Delhi falling under F-27/33 category of units identified by Nodal Agency (Ministry of Urban Development, UOI) and Group of Experts, constituted by GNCTD. In total 3423 units have been closed down by the Govt of NCT of Delhi.
By the continuous efforts of DPCC, about 1191 units were directed to be closed down by SDMs operating in non-conforming/residential areas. Compliance reports for closure have also been received from SDMs in case of most of these 1191 units.
• Steps taken for the mitigation of water pollution by way of commissioning of CETPs, STPs and installation of ETPs in water polluting units, industrial areas and malls.
• Extraction of ground water in some of the districts banned to save natural resources and a notification was brought out in the year 2010 empowering DJB and DC to sanction necessary permission to any person/authority to extract ground water.
• By the continuous efforts of DPCC, about 861 units have installed individual Effluent
Treatment Plants to treat their waste water before discharging into the conveyance system
leading to respective CETPs. List of these 861 units who have installed ETPs is enclosed as Annexure-III.
As far as the generation and treatment of domestic waste water is concerned, DJB has till now installed Sewage Treatment Plants at 16 locations with an installed capacity of 512.8 MGD.
This capacity is proposed by DJB to be augmented to 730 MGD by the year 2021.
Status of generation and installed capacities of various STPs is given as below:
{ Total water supply by DJB – 850 MGD
{ Expected effluent generation – 680 MGD (80% total water supply) { Percentage of effluent treated by STPs – about 50%.
{ Total capacity of STPs – 512 MGD.
{ Actual treatment through STPs – 350 MGD
{ Percentage utilization capacity of STPs is only about 70 %.( this does not include total
water quantity extracted from ground water).
List of STPs operational in the catchment area of Najafgarh Drain S.No. Location of STP Installed Capacity of STP
(MGD) 1 Nehru Vihar, Oxidation Pond STP 13.5
2 Keshopur STP 60
3 Rithala STP 80
4 Pappankalan STP 20
5 Najafgarh STP 5
6 Nilothi STP 40
7 Rohini STP 15
8 Coronation Pillar STP 40
9 Narela STP 10
Location of STPs in Najafgarh Drain Basin
At present, major water polluting units operating in the industrial areas of Wazirpur,
SMA, SSI, Rajastan Udyog Nagar Indl Area and Badli industrial area and in other industrial
areas falling in the catchment areas of Najafgarh Drain are engaged in the activities of Stainless
Steel Pickling, electroplating, dyeing etc. The activity of S S Pickling has been placed in the
Negative list as per Delhi Master Plan 2021 and was supposed to be closed by 06.02.2010 but are still continuing because of one committee constituted by Ministry of Urban Development, Govt.
of India is reexamining the issue. The list of 99 activities which have been placed under Negative/Prohibited category is annexed as Annexure-IV. However, the contribution of pollution load due to industries is only 4-5%. Industrial air pollution sources generally in these areas are boilers, furnaces, DG sets etc which have been addressed in the past and will also be tackled on priority to reduce the air pollution levels.
Najafgarh Jheel is located in the village of Najafgarh, starting from Dhandsa basin, which is very near to the border of Haryana state. Najafgarh Jheel is the initial point from where the Najafgarh drain originates. This lake is nearer to Gurgaon which falls in the state of Haryana.
Most of the times, it was observed by the joint inspections of CPCB and DPCC that untreated waste water has been coming into the Jheel, which is polluting the jheel to some extent. The water quality found from the analysis of a sample collected on 30.3.2009 was found to be pH – 8.4, TSS – 176 mg/l, BOD – 56 mg/l and COD – 202mg/l. The quality of the water gets further deteriorated on the downstream stretches of the drain, as significant quantities of domestic waste water is flowing into the said drain.
This is due to the fact that the unauthorized residential colonies alongside the drain have not been laid with proper sewerage network leading to Sewage Treatment Plants and so the untreated waste water is contributing to very highly deteriorated water quality. The waste water flowing in this drain finally gets into river Yamuna.
Delhi Jal Board, after a detailed feasibility study by EIL, has proposed interceptor sewers
for both Najafgarh Drain and Supplementary Drain which are contributing majorly towards the
water pollution in the river Yamuna. The objective of the interceptor sewer project is to intercept
and convey for treatment, the flow of untreated waste water into the river via the three major drains. However, here we are keen on only two drains as specified above. The intention is to prevent untreated waste water from reaching the river, hence abating pollution. Implementing the planned interceptions as part of the project will achieve a reduction of BOD from 38.9 mg/l to 12 mg/l at the outfall of Najafgarh and Supplementary drains, as worked out through water quantity modeling. To bring the river water up to class C, treated effluent discharges need to achieve a treated BOD of 10 mg/l and sufficient dilution is to be ensured by neighboring states by releasing additional water in river Yamuna. Once the said project is completed, the waste waters entering into these drains are intercepted and will be treated before its discharge into the river Yamuna.
The system includes provision of interceptor sewers along with associated works like interceptor pits, new sewage pumping stations, rising mains etc. along the drains involving the related Sewage Treatment Plants in the catchment areas. The project is an integrated approach towards zero sewage flows in the drains and the river. The cost of the project is about 1350 crores and is being implemented by Delhi Jal Board.
The quality of waste water flowing in the drain is monitored on monthly basis and the monitoring dated 02.6.2010 reveals that the quality was pH – 7.4, TSS – 136 mg/l, COD – 208 mg/l and BOD - 46 mg/l. The quality of the waste water flowing in the Najafgarh drain observed during several months is tabulated and given below:
Month pH TSS mg/l BOD mg/l COD mg/l
Feb 2010 7.7 120 42 180
Mar 2010 7.5 170 64 272
Apr 2010 7.7 120 50 240
May 2010 7.5 264 66 193
Jun 2010 7.4 136 46 208
Jul 2010 7.5 176 60 248
From the above table it is clear that quality of the waste water is not good to maintain the quality in the river for designated use.
For industrial water pollution control, intensive drives were taken up in year 2000 in view of Hon’ble Supreme court orders in IA No 725/94 of Maily Yamuna case due to which industrial units are well sensitized for installation of ETPs.
Steps taken to control air pollution:
Numbers of steps have been taken by DPCC as well as by various other agencies to bring down the air pollution levels to a greater extent.
• Installation of ECS by air polluting units. List of 353 units which have installed ECS is enclosed as Annexure-V.
• Closure of coal fired boilers in all industries and conversion to oil or gas based fired.
• Introduction of CNG as automotive fuel.
• Introduction of stringent Indian petrol and diesel specifications required to meet Euro-IV equivalent tail pipe emission norms since April 2010.
• Widening of roads, construction of large number of flyovers and under passes in Delhi to reduce traffic congestion thereby reducing vehicular pollution etc have been taken.
• Implementation of ECBC Code for building activities.
• Installation of STPs/ETPs in hotels and restaurants besides forcing them to reuse the treated waste water.
• Insisting all the construction agencies to have proper dust emission control systems during construction.
• Coal based thermal power plant namely IP Power Station was closed and the power plants
which are coming up are all gas based ones thereby reducing air pollution. Even the other
operational coal based power plants are being pursued to switch over to cleaner fuel to meet stringent emission level of 50 mg/Nm
3.
• BTPS has now proposed to go for 3x350 MW gas based units for which public hearing, as per the provisions of EIA notification dated 14.9.2006, has been carried out on 25.02.2011.
• Introduction of Metro rail.
Introduction of Metro Rail in Delhi has resulted in reduction of about 58000 vehicles per day on the roads, which in turn has saved fuel costs to the tune of Rs. 115 crores. Metro Rail has resulted in the following:
¾ Reduction in the member of vehicles and vehicle kms. on the roads with corresponding reduction in fuel consumption and vehicular emission
¾ Less congestion on the roads with proportionate increase in speed of road vehicles, resulting in further reduction in fuel consumption and vehicular emission
¾ Metro rail projects are thus not only environment friendly by themselves but also assist in reducing environmental pollution caused by other road-based modes of urban transport.
During the year 2009, following is the reduction in air pollutants into the atmosphere of Delhi.
Sl.No. Parameter Reduction in Tonnes
1 CO 2,418.70
2 HC 1157.50
3 NOx 481.27
4 PM 73.39
5 SO2 5.16
6 CO2 1,03,300
Total 107436.02
Data provided by DMRC
In Delhi, almost all the industries are of small scale and the statistics have always shown that the vehicular sector is responsible for 70% air pollution in Delhi as it contributes significantly towards ambient air pollution. It is a very well known fact that Delhi is getting accumulated with about 800 vehicles per day and there are about 60 lakh registered vehicles in Delhi apart from vehicles plying from other states. Though the increase in the number of vehicles is rapid, the percentage of increase in air pollution levels has been kept under check by taking above cited steps. All commercial vehicles have been converted to less polluting CNG mode and by improving the automotive fuel quality air pollution levels have been kept under check.
Further increase in the network of the Metro rail will result in significant reduction in air pollution levels of Delhi.
One of the major contributors towards air pollution in NCT of Delhi is rapidly increasing building activity, which is being taken very seriously and the agencies are being asked to take all the necessary steps to control dust emissions from the excavation stage itself. The same is being specified while issuing Environmental Clearance and Consent to Establish and the same is monitored through periodic inspections.
For industrial pollution control the matter remains is only to operate the existing ETPs/ECS/CETPs regularly and to keep a vigil to stop new illegal units.
The profile of the industries which are in operation has changed drastically since 1997.
Number of control measures have been taken reduce air as well as water pollution which has
brought down the levels of these pollution to a significant extent. MCD is taking various steps to
manage Municipal Solid Waste and is expected to collect, transport, treat and dispose off the
entire waste in very near future. Regarding management of HW is concerned, due to no
availability of adequate land and opposition from local people, the Government was not able to
construct TSDF for hazardous waste disposal in Delhi. However, it has been proposed to have the facility at Khanjawla and a land of 50 acres has been acquired and an amount of Rs. 35 crores has already been paid to DSIIDC. Once all the clearances such as getting EC is over, about one year time is required to complete the project and the same will be made operational.
In view of the steps taken/being taken by DPCC and various other agencies, CPCB is requested to drop the Najafgarh Drain basin including 4 other industrial areas from the list 88 of critically polluted areas. However, DPCC will strive very hard to ensure pollution levels of various nature are controlled and kept below the levels intended for.
However, DPCC will take action as per the details given below:
1.0 Water Pollution Control:
1.1 Treatment of effluents, by the individual units, Individual connection to conveyance
system, before discharging into conveyance system leading to CETP: Due to continuous
efforts of DPCC, about 1305 units, in entire NCT of Delhi, have installed individual Effluent
Treatment Plants to treat their waste water before discharging into the conveyance system
leading to respective CETPs. In all, 10 CETPs, catering to the needs of 13 industrial areas falling
in the catchment area of the drain are operational to treat the industrial effluents. CETP at
Naraina Industrial area is yet to be commissioned. CETP at Anand Parbat has been kept in
abeyance by EPCA. Pretreatment of waste water is done by the individual units in case of the
industrial area wherever the CETP is installed and full treatment is required to be done by the
units in the absence of any CETP. Continuous action is required to ensure all the units pretreat
their effluents before discharging into the conveyance system to achieve the waste water quality
at the inlet of the CETP as envisaged in the EP Rules, 1989.
Also it is to be ensured that all the individual units get connected to the conveyance system. Specific instructions are required to be issued to DJB to ensure the connections to conveyance systems as specific permissions are given by DJB for this purpose.
In NCT of Delhi most of the units, looking at the economics, have been using lime as neutralizing chemical to increase the pH which is increasing the sludge generation immensely.
This sludge is generally Hazardous Waste as per the provisions of HWM Rules, 2008 amended to date. Collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of the HW is becoming tedious and unviable economically. So as to reduce the HW generation, concerned units are required to be compelled to use NaOH in place of lime. This is the case with the CETPs, which are to be educated to use NaOH in place of lime to reduce HW generation. Sincere efforts are required by all the industries and CETPs to switch over to NaOH from lime to achieve significant reduction in HW generation.
Action by: DPCC/Individual Inds/CETP Societies/Dept. of Inds/DJB 1.2. Reuse of treated water from various CETPs: 10 CETPs with the installed 139.1 MLD are
operational with enormous costs for installation and operation. After spending significant amounts for treatment, the treated waste water is again joining the adjoining drains and getting polluted again. By doing so, the money spent is getting wasted without any tangible usage, which is against the prudence. It is necessary to reuse this treated waste water for useful purpose, by further treating if required. This will become necessity in future looking at the very scarce water resources.
Action by: CETP Societies/DJB/MCD/DDA/DFS/DPCC 1.3. Closure of units engaged in the activities listed in negative list / prohibited list as per MPD
2021: As per the provisions of Delhi Master Plan 2021, certain activities have been placed in the
negative list, which are not permitted to operate after 07.02.2010. Highly polluting units are
falling in the above said list and are required to be closed down. By closing these units water pollution can be reduced to very significant extent. Industries department and DDA are required
to close down the units engaged in the activities listed in negative/prohibited list of MPD 2021.
Action by: Delhi Govt./DDA
1.4. Construction of Interceptor Sewer on Najafgarh Drain and Supplementary Drain: Water pollution, in these drains, is majorly caused due to discharge of untreated domestic sewage especially during the dry season. Delhi Jal Board has recently, after a detailed feasibility study by EIL, has proposed interceptor sewers for both Najafgarh Drain and Supplementary Drain which are contributing majorly towards the water pollution in the river Yamuna. Once the said project is completed the waste waters entering into these drains are intercepted and then treated before discharging the same into the river Yamuna. The system includes provision of interceptor sewers along with associated works like interceptor pits, new sewage pumping stations, rising mains etc. along the drains involving the related Sewage Treatment Plants in the catchment areas. The project is an integrated approach towards zero sewage flows in the drains and the river. Budget has also been sanctioned by the Delhi Government and Ministry of Urban Development, GOI for accomplishing the said project. Regular interactions with Delhi Jal Board are required to ensure the project is completed as per the time schedule.
Action by: DJB/DPCC 2.0. Air Pollution Control:
2.1. Conversion of coal/ oil based boilers to gas based mode and ensuring strict usage
of approved fuels: Coal/oil based boilers in Delhi are one of the air pollution sources which are
to be addressed in a time bound manner and on priority. DPCC has decided not to permit the coal
fired boiler and the units are being forced to convert their boiler on alternate fuel like oil/gas.
Converting into gas based mode is required to reduce the air pollution caused due to the former fuels. Continuous public campaigns such as issuance of Public Notices and subsequent inspections will discourage the units to use coal/oil and other unapproved fuels.
1.
