228
-III
(
*
10-1 vfèkxe mís';
10-2 u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk dk ifjp;
10-3 u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk ds mikxe
10-4 u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk dh ewyHkwr ladYiuk,a
10-5 u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk dk var%fØ;kRed@ikjLifjd fØ;kRed e‚My 10-6 u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk dk fpfdRldh; çHkko
10-7 ukVd fpfdRlk dk ifjp;
10-8 ukVd fpfdRld dh Hkwfedk 10-9 ukVd fpfdRlk ds pj.k
10-10 ukVd fpfdRlk esa eq[; ladYiuk,a 10-11 ukVd fpfdRlk dh rduhdsa 10-12 lkjka'k
10-13 izeq[k 'kCn
10-14 Lo vkdyu ç'uksa ds mÙkj 10-15 bdkà ls lacafèkr ç'u 10-16 lanHkZ
10-17 ikB; lq>ko
bl bdkà dk vè;;u djus ds ckn] vki fuEufyf[kr esa l{ke gksaxs%
• u`R;@xfr fpfdRlk ds vFkZ vkSj laizR;; dh O;k[;k djuk(
• u`R;@xfr fpfdRlk ds rjhdksa dk o.kZu djuk(
• ukVd fpfdRlk dks ifjHkkf"kr djuk vkSj bldh eq[; ladYiukvksa dk o.kZu djuk(
• ukVd fpfdRlk esa pj.kksa vkSj rduhdksa dk o.kZu djuk( rFkk
• u`R;@xfr fpfdRlk vkSj ukVd fpfdRlk ds fpfdRldh; çHkkoksa dks le>ukA
*
-III
229
fiNyh bdkà esa ijke'kZnkrkvksa@fpfdRldksa }kjk mi;ksx dh tkus okyh fofHkUu funsZ'ku rduhdksa ds :i esa vkius laxhr fpfdRlk] dyk fpfdRlk vkSj [ksy fpfdRlk ds ckjs esa tkukA lkaosfxd leL;kvksa dk lekèkku djus] vius Lo;a dh var–Zf"V çkIr djus vkSj lek;ksth dkS'ky lh[kus esa ;s rduhdsa lgk;rk djrh gSA orZeku bdkà esa vki u`R; ,oa xfr vkSj ukVd fpfdRlk ds :i esa fpfdRlk dh nks vU; funsZ'ku rduhdksa ds ckjs esa tkusaxsA xzkgdksa ds lkaosfxd dY;k.k dks çkIr djus ds fy, funsZ'ku mís';ksa ds fy, bu rduhdksa dk Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA euksfoKku us eu vkSj 'kjhj ds chp ds lacaèk ij lnSo cy fn;k gSA oSKkfud rduhdksa vkSj midj.kksa esa çxfr ds lkFk 'kjhj dh LokLF; vkSj chekjh dh fLFkfr dks çHkkfor djus esa eu dh Hkwfedk dks LokLF; euksfoKku ds {ks= esa vuqlaèkku }kjk mnkgj.k ds :i esa vPNh rjg ls fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA ijaijkxr :i ls]
Hkkjrh; laL—fr us fofHkUu R;ksgkjksa vkSj lekjksgksa ds fgLls ds :i esa 'kkL=h; vkSj yksd u`R;ksa nksuksa ij è;ku dsafær djds eu&'kjhj ds lacaèk ij lnSo cy fn;k gSA u`R; esa eq[k vkSj 'kjhj dh vfHkO;fä;ksa vkSj xfr;ksa ds fofHkUu :iksa esa O;fä dh eu%fLFkfr dks vfHkO;ä djuk 'kkfey gSA ;g foÜokliwoZd dgk tk ldrk gS fd eu vkSj 'kjhj ds lacaèk dh le> esa Hkkjrh; laL—fr vfèkd mUur FkhA
iqjkru ijaijkvksa esa vkSj Çgnw xzaFkksa esa Hkh u`R; vkSj vU; dyk :iksa dks eq[; LFkku fn;k x;k FkkA u`R; vfHkO;fä vkSj ç—fr ls tqM+ko dk lkèku FkkA ,d çfl) mYys[k rkulsu ds jkx xk;u vkSj baæ nso dk vkºoku djus ds ckjs esa gSA u`R;
fofHkUu èkkÆed vkSj lkaL—frd çFkkvksa dk fgLlk gSaA tSls vle dk *fcgw* u`R;
¼olar ds ekSle] moZjrk vkSj mRlkg dk t'u½] rfeyukMq dk *iksaxy* u`R; ¼Hkjiwj Qly ds fy, vkHkkj½] xqtjkr dk *MkafM;k* u`R; ¼uojk= R;ksgkj ds volj ij½ vkfn bl ckr ds mnkgj.k gSa fd u`R; fdl rjg gekjs èkkÆed] lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd thou dk vfHkUu vax gSA Je.kksa vkSj euhf"k;ksa }kjk fd, tkus okys dqNsd èkkÆed O;ogkjksa esa dqN ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd fodkjksa ds fy, Þmipkj ds :i esa u`R;Þ Hkh 'kkfey gSA
u`R; djuk ÅtkZ vkSj ewM ds vius vkarfjd çokg ds çfr çfrfØ;k nsuk ,oa mlls tqM+uk vkSj bls 'kkjhfjd xfrfofèk;ksa esa çdV djuk gSA bl vfHkO;fä dks psgjs]
HkkSgksa ;k vaxqfy;ksa tSls 'kjhj ds NksVs fgLlksa dh lw{e xfr ;k 'kjhj ds cM+s fgLlksa tSls ckagksa ;k Vkaxksa dh o`Ùkkdkj ;k fdlh fo'ks"k iSVuZ esa LFkwy xfr ;k iwjs 'kjhj dks ygjkrs gq, ;k xksykdkj rjhds esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ;fn bl xfr dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS rks xfr;ksa dk fodYi fpfdRld dk gks ldrk gS vFkok eqä çokg gksus ij ;g urZd dk fodYi gks ldrk gSA bu xfr;ksa dks O;fä }kjk viuh lqfoèkkuqlkj vkSj lqfoèkktud LFkku ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy, fpfdRld d{k dh rjg fdlh fof'k"V LFky dk p;u fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k urZd dh t:jr vuqlkj ;g dksà vU; LFkku gks ldrk gSA pkgs bls laxhr ds lkFk fd;k tk, ;k laxhr ds fcuk ek= rky ds lkFk fd;k tk,] bl rjg ds u`R; dk;Z vkSj xfr dk mís'; ;g gS fd DykbaV ds eu esa ln~Hkko vkSj 'kkafr l`ftr dh tk, vkSj mls LoLFk fd;k tk,A bls ,sls Hkhrjh }a}ksa] bPNkvksa] fopkjksa vkSj pkgksa vkfn dks laçsf"kr djus ds ekè;e ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS ftUgsa DykbaV vU;Fkk O;ä djus esa lgt eglwl ugÈ djrk gSA
u`R;@xfr fpfdRlk (Dance/Movement therapy) ¼Mh,eVh½ vf}rh;
nk'kZfud mikxe viukrh gSA vius 'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj vkè;kfRed rRoksa ds dkj.k ;g u`R; dks LoHkkor% fpfdRldh; :i ls mi;ksxh ekurh gSA u`R; djrs
230
le; yksx viusiu ds cksèk dk vuqHko djrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd os u`R; dh y;c) xfr dk vkuan ysus ds fy, lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij bdës gksrs gSaA
u`R; O;fä ds laosxksa vkSj ÅtkZvksa dh ?kks"k.kk gS] lkFk gh ;g ek= fdlh xfrfofèk dks iwjk djus ds ctk; Hkhrj ls fdlh pht ds ckgjhdj.k dh pkg gSA tc dksà O;fä u`R; djrk gS rks ;g fdlh ,sls fopkj ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gS ftls nwljksa rd igqapk;k tkuk pkfg,] fQj ;g fopkj Hkys gh ;FkkFkZoknh gks ;k vewrZA u`R;
fpfdRlk esa tc lkFkh urZdksa ls laokn vkSj laçs"k.k 'kkfey gksrk gks rks blesa lkewfgd fpfdRlk fufgr gksrh gSA
Nfo lkHkkj% vkVZLQh;j] iq.ks }kjk u`R; fpfdRlk çek.ki= dkslZ ¼d‚ihjkbV &
vkVZLQh;j] iq.ks½
1950 ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa] ;g ekuk x;k fd u`R; vkSj fofHkUu çdkj ds xfr :iksa ds ekè;e ls gksus okyk O;fä dk jpukRed vUos"k.k vkSj O;fäxr vfHkO;fä mipkj çfØ;kvksa dks l`ftr djrh gSA bl le> us u`R;@xfr fpfdRlk ds fodkl esa ;ksxnku fn;kA
fpfdRlh; ç;kstuksa ds fy, u`R; dk mi;ksx lcls igys ejSu psl ¼Marain Chace½ }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA eu%çHkkoh vkS"kfèk;ksa ds çpyu ls igys mUgksaus flt+ksÝsfud vkSj vkRe?kkrh jksfx;ksa ds lkFk dke djrs gq, viuh fpfdRldh;
j.kuhfr fodflr dh ¼lSaMy ¼Sandel½ ,oa vU;] 1993½A 1966 ls 1968 rd og vesfjdh u`R; fpfdRlk la?k dh igyh vè;{k FkÈA
eSjh OgkbVgkml ¼Mary Whitehouse½ u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa ,d vU;
mYys[kuh; O;fäRo gSaA mudk dke lfØ; dYiuk ds tqafx;u fl)kar ij vkèkkfjr FkkA O;fä viuh Hkhrjh xfrdh; pkgksa ls çsfjr gksdj lgt 'kjhj xfr }kjk vius ladsrksa ds vewrZ vFkZ dks fMdksM djrs gSa ftlls O;fä vkRe&tkx:drk vkSj laHkkfor ifjorZu dh vksj c<+rk gSA mudh iqLrd dk 'kh"kZd Fkk ÞewoesaV bu
-III
231
MsIFkÞA ;g mikxe vfHkO;fä ds u, euks 'kkjhfjd fØ;k rjhdksa dks l`ftr djus vkSj [kkstus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ çfØ;k vkSj rduhd ds :i esa lqèkkj dh vuqefr nsrk gSA ;gka eq[; fpfdRldh; mís'; ;g gS fd vius vkSj vius lacaèkksa ds ckjs esa csgrj eglwl djus ds lkèku ds :i esa lgtrk dk jksi.k fd;k tk,A
u`R;@xfr fpfdRlk bl ij è;ku nsrh gS fd 'kjhj vkSj bldh Hkko Hkafxek D;k gS vkSj ;g çR;{k.k] 'kjhj ds Hkhrj ruko dks fdl rjg çHkkfor djrs gSa ftlls fØ;k ;k Hkkouk ckfèkr gks ldrs gSaA ;g Üokl dh tkx:drk vFkkZr bldk dSls mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ;k jksdk tkrk gS vkSj Li'kZ ds laosnh mi;ksx ij Hkh è;ku nsrh gSA ¼pSdfyu ¼Chaiklin½] 2009] i`-10½
u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk ¼Mh,eVh½ ds fofHkUu rjhdksa dk o.kZu uhps fd;k x;k gSA
bl mikxe dk uke eSfj;u psl ¼Marian Chace½ ¼1896&1970½ ds uke ij j[kk x;k gS tks u`R; fpfdRlk esa vxz.kh FksA psl dk mikxe 'kjhj dkjZokÃ]
çrhdokn] xfrt lekuqHkwfr vkSj y;c) lewg xfrfofèk tSls gLr{ksiksa dk mi;ksx djrk gSA ;s xfrfofèk;ka Hkhrjh Hkkoukvksa dh xSj&ekSf[kd vfHkO;fä dks c<+kok nsus vkSj lapkj dks lqxe cukus ds fy, mi;ksxh gSaA fejÇjx psl ds mixke dk fof'k"V Mh,eVh gLr{ksi gSA
flxeaM Ýk;M egku dykdkjksa ds dke ls çHkkfor FksA Ýk;M us dykdkjksa ds dke dks mnkÙkhdj.k uked j{kk ra= ds mi;ksx dh vfHkO;fä ds :i esa oÆ.kr fd;kA mnkÙkhdj.k esa vpsru ;kSu bPNkvksa vkSj laosxksa dks jpukRed vkSj Lohdk;Z rjhds ls O;ä fd;k tkrk gSA Ýk;M dk mikxe lqèkkjhdj.k dh rduhd dk mi;ksx djrk gSA lqèkkjhdj.k eqä lkgp;Z ds leku gSA blls DykbaV dks viuh çfrfØ;kvksa esa lgt cuus vkSj çfrfØ;k ds iqjkus BsB rjhdksa ls nwj tkus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA lgtrk O;fä ds lacaèkksa dks laoÆèkr djus esa lgk;rk djrh gSA
Winnicott
[ksy vkSj dYiuk rduhdksa esa fofud‚V dk ;ksxnku Mh,eVh ds fy, lcls egRoiw.kZ gSA fofud‚V dgrs gSa fd dyk vkSj u`R; vfHkO;fä;ksa ds ekè;e ls O;fä vius thou esa ewY; ds cksèk esa o`f) eglwl djrs gSa ¼Vksjksjk ¼Tortora½]
2014½A viuh {kerkvksa ds vUos"k.k vkSj viuk loZJs"B vkRe cuus ds ç;kl esa DykbaV dh lgk;rk dh tkrh gSA fofud‚V *>wBs vkRe* ds ckjs esa ckr djrs gSa tks fd O;fä dk ckgjh vkRe gSA ;g lnSo lekt ds vuq:i gksus dk ç;kl djrk gS( tcfd *lPpk vkRe* vkarfjd vkRe gS tks fd [ksy vkSj u`R; tSls dyk :iksa ds ekè;e ls fodflr jpukRed vkRe gSA vkRe ds u, çR;{k.k l`ftr djus ds fy, fopkjksa vkSj O;ogkjksa esa gko&Hkko] fp=ksa vkSj :idksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh DykbaV dks eu vkSj 'kjhj ds vkRefujh{k.k vkSj lkeatL;iw.kZ ,dhdj.k esa layXu gksus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA
(Authentic movement)
eSjh OgkbV&gkml ¼Mary White&house½ ¼1911&1979½ bl fpfdRlk dh vxz.kh FkÈ tks fd Þu`R; xfrÞ ls fudyh FkhA bl igy dks ckn esa tsusV ,Myj ¼Janet Adler½ vkSj tksu pksMksjks ¼Joan Chodorow½ ¼ysoh ¼Levy½]
2005½ }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k FkkA vkRe&funsZf'kr rjhds esa xfr ds ekè;e ls vpsru vkSj O;fä ds vkarfjd Jo.k dk vUos"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA
232
(integrative)
,dh—r u`R; fpfdRlk mikxe ,dh—r fpfdRlk ij vkèkkfjr gSA bldk dqN teZu ns'kksa esa mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ¼isVt+ksYM ¼Petzold½] 1988½A bl mikxe esa psl] OgkbVgkml vkSj fyfy;u ,Lisud ¼Chace] Whitehouse and Lilian Espenak½ ¼1905&1988½ dh ladYiuk,a ,dh—r gSaA ;g u`R; fpfdRlk ds vxz.kh VªqMh Ldwi ¼Trudi Schoop½ ¼1903&1999½ ds O;kogkfjd dk;Z dk Hkh mi;ksx djrk gSA bl mikxe ds dqN egRoiw.kZ ?kVdksa esa thfor 'kjhj dh ladYiuk ¼yhcdksutsIV ¼Leibkonzept½½] u`R; dh Rofjr çLrqfr vkSj u`R;
la;kstu ¼foYds ¼Willke½] 2007½ 'kkfey gSaA
u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk eq[;r% Hkhrjh vkRe vkSj ckgjh okrkoj.k ls tqM+us ds fy, xSj&ekSf[kd O;ogkj] xfr vkSj lkaosfxd vfHkO;fä;ksa dk mi;ksx djrh gSA
(Body attitude) ge ekuo 'kjhj dk vuqHko dSls djrs gSa gekjs çR;{k.k 'kjhj ds ekè;e ls gekjh laosnukvksa vkSj eu }kjk bldh O;k[;kvksa }kjk fuèkkZfjr fd, tkrs gSa ¼f'kYMj ¼Schilder½] 1950½A ctZj ¼Berger½ ¼1972½ dk dguk gS fd ge vius 'kjhj ds ekè;e ls thou dk vuqHko djrs gSa vkSj ge vius 'kjhj dk mi;ksx djds gh çfrfØ;k nsrs gSaA dk; çfrek ;k 'kkjhfjd Nfo tSls vU; igyw dks le>us ds fy, 'kjhj gekjk lanHkZ Çcnq cu tkrk gSA
dk; çfrek ;k 'kkjhfjd Nfo ls 'kkjhfjd vfHko`fÙk dks le>k tk ldrk gSA 'kkjhfjd Nfo (body image) ls rkRi;Z gS fd dksà O;fä vius 'kjhj dks dSls ns[krk gS ftlesa 'kjhj vkSj O;ogkj ds çfr mldh Hkkouk Hkh 'kkfey gSA O;fä }kjk 'kjhj ds çfr fd, tk ldus okys vkRe&ns[kHkky vkSj vkRe&{kfr ds fy, blds fufgrkFkZ gSaA 'kjhj ds vaxksa dh igpku] tksM+ksa&lafèk;ksa vkSj ekalisf'k;ksa dk ldkjkRed mi;ksx jksxh dh 'kkjhfjd Nfo dks fQj ls ifjHkkf"kr djus dh fn'kk esa igyk dne gSA 'kkjhfjd foJkafr vkSj Üokl ds lkFk xfr;ksa esa n'kkZrs gq, ;g vkRe&[kkst dh çfØ;k gSA
fpfdRldh; ifjos”k esa blds vuqç;ksx gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] fLdt+ksÝsfu;k ds jksfx;ksa esa vius 'kjhj ds ckjs esa vi;kZIr çR;{k.k vkSj rdZghu foÜokl gksrs gSa
¼tSls] xSj&O;fädj.k½A blds vykok] euksjksx ihfM+rksa esa [kafMr 'kkjhfjd lhek,a ns[kh tk ldrh gSaA dà mRihM+d ;k euLrkih Hkze 'kjhj dh lhekvksa ds vfrØe.k ls tqM+s gq, gksrs gSa ¼tSls] utj j[kk tkuk] nwf"kr Hkkstu [kkuk] tklwlh fd;k tkuk
;k 'kjhj ds Hkhrj vU; ÞvfLrRoksaÞ dk fopkj gksuk½A Mh,eVh l= muds 'kkjhfjd rF;ksa dh iqf"V djus vkSj mudh 'kkjhfjd Nfo dks fQj ls x<+us esa mudh lgk;rk dj ldrs gSaA
(Kinesthetic awareness) ls rkRi;Z fpfdRld dh Hkhrjh vkSj ckgjh nksuksa Lrjksa ij 'kkjhfjd :i ls Lo;a dks eglwl djus dh {kerk ls gS
¼jslyj ,oa DysueSu ¼Ressler & Kleinman½] 2012½A bl rjg fpfdRld ds fy,
;g t:jh gS fd og nwljs O;fä;ksa dks laKkukRed :i ls lqurs le; viuh Lo;a dh O;fäijd Hkkoukvksa ij Hkh è;ku nsA bu nksuksa dks lfEefyr djus dh t:jr gSA
(Kinesthetic empathy) u`R; xfr fpfdRlk ¼Mh,eVh½ ds lkfgR; esa ,d dsaæh; fopkj gSAlekuqHkwfr O;fä }kjk fdlh vU; O;fä dks le>us
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dh {kerk dks n'kkZrh gSA blesa nwljs O;fä ds Hkhrjh vfLrRo ij fopkj djuk vfHkçsr gS ftlesa nwljk O;fä dSlk eglwl djrk gS] bls le>uk vkSj nwljs dh ifjfLFkfr ls voxr gksuk vkSj rnuqlkj dk;Z djuk] blesa 'kkfey gSA bl rjg xfrdh; lekuqHkwfr esa viuh Lo;a dh 'kkjhfjd Hkkoukvksa ds vkèkkj ij fpfdRld dh DykbaV ds çfr tkx:drk lanÆHkr gSA
(Enaction) 'kCn dk vFkZ gS ÞfØ;k djukÞ ;k ÞfØ;k 'kq: djukÞ
¼ojsyk ¼Varela½] 2002½A ;g tkx:drk iSnk djus esa DykbaaV~l dh lgk;rk djrh gS vkSj Lo;a dks ,d dk;Z esa :ikarfjr djus esa lgk;rk djrh gSA blesa O;ogkj] – f"V] LFkk;hHkko vkSj Hkkouk 'kkfey gSA Mh,eVh blfy, çHkkoh gS D;ksafd ;g jksxh dh xfr lacaèkh vknrksa dks lpsru Lrj rd ys tkrh gS vkSj u, var% O;fäijd laokn fodflr djus ds fy, bl {kerk dk vkxs mi;ksx djrh gSA
(Rhythm) ekuo laokn vkSj okrkZyki dk vfuok;Z ?kVd gSA gekjk 'kjhj nSfud ;k ldSZfM;u y; ls tqM+k gqvk gSA gekjs 'kjhj ds Hkhrj fny dh èkM+du ,oa jäpki vkSj lkFk gh lkFk gekjs pyus dh y; vkSj laoknh y; vkfn fofHkUu çdkj dh y; gksrh gSaA euksjksx jksfx;ksa esa xSj&y;c) xfrfofèk iSVuZ vke gSa ftlesa y; ds rRoksa dk ckfèkr gksuk] xSj&fodflr ;k ckfèkr gksuk 'kkfey jgrk gSA fpfdRld vkSj jksxh ds lkFk&lkFk jksfx;ksa esa vkilh lapkj ds lkèku ds :i esa y; dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA lewgksa esa lefUor y;c) xfrfofèk vlaxr jksfx;ksa dks r`fIr dk cksèk fodflr djus esa lgk;rk djrh gSA euksoSKkfud :i ls]
y; O;fä dks leqnk; ls tksM+s j[krs gq, vius 'kjhj esa vuqHko dh tkus okyh y;
ij mlds fopkjksa dks dsafær djds O;fä dks Lo;a ls tksM+rh gSA ¼i`"B 132½ ¼dhu
¼Keen½] 1972½A
fpfdRld laxrrk ¼synchrony½ esa Üokl ysdj vkSj jksxh ls y;c) rjhds ls pydj ;k cksydj jksxh ds lkFk y;c) lacaèk dks çksRlkfgr dj ldrk gS ¼jslyj ,oa DysueSu ¼Ressler & Kleinman½] 2012½A
(Non-existence) dh Hkkouk dks vlac)rk] foHkkftr O;fäRoksa]
xSj&,dhdj.k vkSj vkRe&fo?kVu ds lanHkZ esa oÆ.kr fd;k tkrk gS ftUgsa T;knkrj uSnkfud ekeyksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA ,slh çfØ;kvksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i lkaosfxd Hkk"k.k ,d ladh.kZ lhek rd lhfer gks tkrk gSA blfy, fpfdRld lcls igys DykbaV dks xfr çn'kZuksa dh lwph foLrkfjr djus ij dke djrk gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i vkxs Hkkouk LisDVªe dk foLrkj gksrk gSA
(Embodiment) nsus esa 'kjhj dks iqu% cy nsuk] lfØ; laosnh&
ladYiukRed caèku dks iqu% LFkkfir djuk vkSj thou ;k=k esa ekStwn lkaosfxd laink rd iqu% igqap çkIr djuk 'kkfey gSA
(Sensitization) Mh,eVh fØ;k&mUeq[k çdkj dh euksfpfdRlk gS tks 'kjhj dh bafæ;ksa dks míhIr djrh gSA –';] Jo.k] xaèk] Lokn vkSj Li'kZ & euq";
dh ikap ewyHkwr bafæ;ka gSaA blds vykok] Ropk ds ekè;e ls O;fä dà vU; çdkj ds Li'kZ eglwl dj ldrk gS tSls oLrqvksa dh rkih; fLFkfr ;k rkieku] Ropk ij ncko] laf'y"V ¼[kqtyh] xqnxqnh] daiu½ vkSj larqyu ,oa xfr lfgr xfrt laosnukA ekufld v'kkafr ls ihfM+r O;fä ;k rks míhiu vo#) gksus ds dkj.k laosnuk dk de vuqHko djrs gSa ;k os efrHkze esa ik, tkus okys çR;{k.k ds laoÆèkr cksèk dk vuqHko dj ldrs gSaA
234
(Travel)
mís';% vkRe tkx:drk ,oa xgu Çpru
usrk] lewg ;k O;fäxr çfrHkkfx;ksa dks iwjs dejs esa viuh bPNkuqlkj tSls ygjkdj] pydj] nkSM+dj vkfn ls xfr djus dh ?kks"k.kk djsxkA çfrHkkfx;ksa dks çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS fd os usrk }kjk çnku fd, tkus okys ladsr ds lacaèk esa viuh bPNkuqlkj fdlh Hkh rjg ls xfr djsaA
vki iwjs dejs esa dSls xfr djsxsa tc ………\ 1½ vki [kq'k gSa
2½ vki tYnckth esa gSa
3½ vki Lora=rk eglwl djrs gSa 4½ vki vlgk; eglwl djrs gSa
5½ vkidks yxrk gS fd vkius dqN xyr fd;k gS
6- vki ,sls vuqHko ls xqtjs gSa ftlus vkids thou dks thus yk;d cuk fn;k 7½ vkius fdlh xse esa gkj pqds gSa
8½ vki viuh miyfCèk;ksa ds ckjs esa vPNk eglwl djrs gSa
dSisyks ¼Capello½ ¼2016½ us çHkkoh u`R; fpfdRlk ds fy, ,d e‚My cuk;kA bl e‚My ds <kaps esa nks tqM+h gqà vkSj lk>h ç.kkfy;ka gSa% var% fØ;kRed vkSj ikjLifjd fØ;kRed ç.kkyhA var% fØ;kRed ç.kkyh esa vkRe Nfo ,oa 'kkjhfjd Nfo vkSj O;fä vius 'kjhj ,oa Lo;a dks dSls le>rk gS ¼bl rjg 'kkjhfjd joS;k vkSj i`Fkd vfLrRo 'kkfey gS½] fufgr gSA var% fØ;kRed ç.kkyh lkekftd vfLrRo ds :i esa muds i;kZoj.k ls lacaèk fodflr djus dh DykbaV dh {kerk ij è;ku dsafær djrh gS ¼bl rjg blesa laçs"k.k vkSj ikjLifjd xfr'khyrk 'kkfey gS½A bl rjg laf{kIr esa ch,,llhvkÃlh,l ¼BASCICS½ dks 'kkjhfjd vfHko`fÙk– i`Fkd vfLrRo & laçs"k.k – var% O;fäxr xfr'khyrk ds :i esa lanÆHkr fd;k tkrk gSA nksuksa ç.kkfy;ka Þfjys ;kstukÞ dh rjg ijLij lacafèkr gSa ftlesa çR;sd rRo vU;ksa dks fu;af=r vkSj lgk;rk djrk gSA ç.kkfy;ksa ds chp çokgh ikjLifjd çHkko gSA
;g xfr'khy 'kjhj dh vuar dykRed {kerkvksa vkSj –'; fo'ks"krkvksa ij dsafær gSA
(Mirroring)
fejÇjx esa fpfdRld ;k fdlh vU; O;fä dh xfrfofèk;ksa dh lVhd udy djuk 'kkfey gSA tc dksà O;fä fØ;kvksa vkSj xfr dh udy djrk gS rks os lkFkh çfrHkkfx;ksa ;k fpfdRld ds lkFk lacaèk vkSj tqM+ko fodflr djrs gSaA blls çek.khdj.k vkSj O;fä ds vuqHko dh Loh—fr çkIr gksrh gSA çfrHkkxh nwljksa ls lekuqHkwfr j[kuk] nwljs dh fLFkfr dks le>uk vkSj ,d nwljs ds lg;ksxh cuuk lh[krs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,d O;fä Nykax yxk ldrk gS vkSj nwljk O;fä mldk vuqlj.k djsxkA ;fn O;fä u`R; dks èkhek djuk pqurk gS rks nwljk O;fä ifjorZu ds çfr çfrfØ;k djrk gSA blfy, blesa nwljs ds lkFk O;kid lacaèk cukuk 'kkfey gSA
-III
235 (Jam Fest)
mís';% lkekftd dkS'kyksa dks c<+kukA
fooj.k% ,d xksykdkj vk—fr cukà tkrh gS ftlesa yksx viuh lqfoèkkuqlkj cSB ;k [kM+s gks ldrs gSaA ,d O;fä 'kq:vkr djrk gS] dsaæ esa igqaprk gS vkSj xfr 'kq:
djrk gSA bl xfr dk eaMy esa vU; yksxksa }kjk vuqlj.k fd;k tkrk gSA tc O;fä ;g eglwl djrk gS fd mlus viuh xfr iwjh dj yh gS rks og lewg ls pqus x, fdlh ,d O;fä dks cSVu lkSai nsxkA og O;fä vc chp esa vkdj dksà nwljh xfr djrk gSA ,slk rc rd fd;k tkrk gS tc rd çR;sd lnL; dks bls djus dk volj ugÈ fey tkrk gSA blls O;fä;ksa dks lacaèk fodflr djus] ,d lkFk galus vkSj uà xfr;ksa dh ryk'k esa jpukRed cuus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
(Jumping)
dwnus dh fØ;k dwn dh fn'kk esa ÅtkZ tqVkus dh çrhd gSA blfy, blesa etcwr xfr gksrh gSA ÞdwnÞ dh bl çrhdkRed 'kfä dk mi;ksx ekufld vojksèkksa] vVdh gqà ekufldrk ;k volkn ls ihfM+r O;fä;ksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA tqVkà xà ÅtkZ okLrfod 'kkjhfjd xfr djus esa O;fä dh lgk;rk dj ldrh gS vkSj bl rjg ekufld xfr Hkh l`ftr dj ldrh gSA lfØ; jgus ds vU;
'kkjhfjd ykHk Hkh gSaA O;fä dwnus ds fdlh Hkh :i dk ç;kl dj ldrk gS tSls Nykax] ?kqeko ;k mNyukA
u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk (dance and movement therapy) (Mh,eVh½ ds ykHkdkjh çHkkoksa ds i;kZIr 'kksèk çek.k miyCèk gSaA ;s çek.k fuEufyf[kr gSa%
• Mh,eVh euksHkza'k (dementia) 'kq#vkr dks Vkyus esa lgk;d gS ¼osaMs Çoôy]
Qs;t ,oa Mh ohM~VZ ¼Vande Winckel] Feys] & De Weerdt½] 2003½
• ;g Le`fr dk;Zç.kkyh esa fLFkjrk ykus vkSj vkxs {kh.k gksus ls cpkus esa lgk;d gS ¼Ms;kfue ¼Dayanim½] 2009½
• 'kkjhfjd Nfo vkSj eukslkekftd dk;Zç.kkyh laoÆèkr djus esa blds çekf.kr çHkko gSa ¼eqyj&ÇitsV] dSjkMZ] ;kcjk ,oa xksys ¼Muller&Pinget]
Carrard] Ybarra] & Golay½] 2012½]
• Mh,eVh ls jksxh ruko dk csgrj çcaèku dj ikrs gSa vkSj [kkuiku fodkjksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk fodflr dj ikrs gSa ¼Mîqcksl ¼DuBose½] 2001½
• u`R; fpfdRlk nh?kZdkfyd Fkdku ÇlMªkse] euksfo—fr ¼ekxsZfjVh ¼Margariti½ ,oa vU;] 2012½] fLdt+ksÝsfu;k ¼jksgfj'k ,oa çhcs ¼Rohricht & Priebe½]
2006½ vkSj volkn ¼gsecsd ,oa gksYVj ¼Heimbeck & Holter½] 2011½ ds mipkj esa çHkkoh gSA
236
• bls efLr"d pksV vkSj ikÉdlal jksx ds jksfx;ksa esa leUo; vkSj larqyu c<+kus ds fy, lgk;d ik;k x;k gS ¼dhi] LV‚fdxV ,oa dhy ¼Kiepe]
Stockigt & Keil½] 2012½
• mPp jäpki ds jksxh Hkh csgrj fLFkfr;ka n'kkZrs gSa ¼vkosVs] v‚os;ks] ,fducks ,oa vksukcktks ¼Aweto] Owoeye] Akinbo & Onabajo½] 2012½
• cPpksa ds lkekftd dkS'ky esa lqèkkj gksrk gS vkSj vkØked O;ogkj de gks tkrk gS ¼gosZ ,aM dksuZCye ¼Hervey & Kornblum½] 2006( dksuZCye
¼Kornblum½] 2002( dks'kySaM] foYlu ,oa foVdj ¼Koshland] Wilson]
&Wittaker½] 2004½A ;g ;q) ls ihfM+r cPpksa esa csgrj lek;kstu esa Hkh lgk;rk djrh gS ¼czwÇuxj ¼Bräuninger½] 2009( gSfjl ¼Harris½] 2007½A
Nfo lkHkkj% vkVZLQh;j] iq.ks }kjk u`R; fpfdRlk çek.ki= dkslZ ¼d‚ihjkbV &
vkVZLQh;j] iq.ks½
vares ge ;g dg ldrs gSa fd u`R; esa 'kjhj LFkku esa fgyrk&Mqyrk gSA ge vius 'kjhj dks LFkku vkSj le; esa dSls ?kqekrs gSa] blls gesa fu;a=.k vkSj vkRefoÜokl dk cksèk feyrk gSA Mh,eVh esa DykbaV dks fejÇjx] xksykdkj vk—fr cukus]
Hkkxhnkjksa ds lkFk dke djus vkSj fofHkUu lqlaxr y; dh çfrfØ;k nsus ds ekè;e ls fofHkUu çdkj ds xfr;ka djus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA lewgksa esa dke djrs le; iwjk lewg ,d&,d djds ,d gjdr djrk gS tSls xksykdkj xfr]
js[kh; liZ tSlh xfr ;k LFkku ifjorZu vkSj xksys ds dsaæ ij ,d&,d djds LFkku ysukA ;s lHkh mik; mipkjkRed ik, x, gSaA blds vykok Mh,eVh l= ifjorZu
¼xfr cnyuk] y; cnyuk] O;fäxr LFkku esa usfoxsV djuk½ dk lkeuk djus vkSj çfrfØ;k djus dh {kerk çnku djrk gSA l= dh vkjkenk;d lsÇVx esa jksxh vius fu.kZ;ksa vkSj fu.kZ; ysus dh çfØ;k esa vfèkd [kqys gks ldrs gSaA l=ksa esa usr`Ro ds LFkkukarj.k vkSj vknku&çnku dk vH;kl Hkh gksrk gSA blls vkRe&fu.kZ; vkSj vkRe&fuiq.krk dh bPNkvksa dks iwjk djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA DykbaV@jksxh usrk ds :i esa vius fu.kZ;ksa tSls xfr dk usr`Ro djus ds rjhds] y;] xfr dk iSVuZ
-III
237
vkSj le;] ds fy, mÙkjnkf;Ro dk cksèk xzg.k djrs gSaA çrhdkRed vfHkO;fä;ksa vkSj gko&Hkko tSls eqfë;ka HkÈpus ,oa nckus vkfn ds ekè;e ls vkØked laosxksa dks eqä djus vkSj Çgld vkosxksa dks fn'kk nsus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
çrhd ds :i esa u`R; gesa fn[kkrk gS fd ge lnSo fodflr gksrs gSaA mudh eqækvksa]
vfHkO;fä;ksa] O;ogkjksa] xfr vkSj vkokt ds ekè;e ls jksfx;ksa }kjk O;ä fd, tkus okys fo"k;ksa ;k Çprkvksa dks xfr;ksa ds vUos"k.k ls fpfàr fd;k tkrk gSA u`R;
fpfdRld dà lsalfjeksVj usVodks± ¼Jo.k] xfrt] –'; vkSj Li'kZ½ dk mi;ksx djrs gq, Vªkale‚My rjhds ls dke djrk gSA blesa mipkj vkSj dY;k.k ds mís';
ls Lusgiw.kZ] lkaosfxd vkSj jpukRed vuqHko ds lkFk lk>k ;k=k djuk 'kkfey gSA
gky gh esa Hkkjr esa u`R; fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa dkQh çxfr gqà gSA ,sls dà u`R;
fpfdRld gSa ftUgksaus Hkkjr esa mYys[kuh; ç;kl fd, gSaA ,sls yksxksa esa f=iqjk d';i ¼2005½] _rq tSu ¼Hkkjrh; jpukRed xfr fpfdRlk la?k] lg&laLFkkid½]
voafrdk eYgks=k ¼vfHkO;atd dyk fpfdRld@funs'kd] lksy dSuokl] eqacý] iwokZ lair ¼laxhr fpfdRlk@laLFkkid] ek;kl ;wfuolZ] csaxyq:½] usgk fØLVksQj ¼u`R;
fpfdRld] fnYyh½] Hkfä osn ¼vfHkO;atd dyk fpfdRld@laLFkkid] çk.k] eqacý]
lq—fr nqvk ¼xfr fpfdRlk çSfDV'kuj@lh,eVh,vkÃ] fnYyh½] nsfodk esgrk ¼u`R;
fpfdRld vkSj lg&laLFkkid] flUØksuh] eqacý
1½ u`R; fpfdRlk esa laxhr vkSj xhrksa ij lewg esa u`R; djuk 'kkfey gSA lgh ;k xyrA
2½ fpfdRldh; ç;kstuksa ds fy, u`R; dk ç;ksx lcls igys &&&&&&&& }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA
3½ Ýk;M us dykdkjksa ds dke dks &&&&&&&&& j{kk ra= ds mi;ksx dh vfHkO;fä ds :i esa oÆ.kr fd;k gSA
4½ Mh,eVh ds çfr fouhd‚V dk mikxe xzkgdksa ds thou ds &&&&&&&&& dks laoÆèkr djus ij dsafær gSA
5½ 'kkjhfjd Nfo D;k gS\
6½ xfrt tkx:drk D;k gS\
7½ fejÇjx D;k gS\
ukVd fpfdRlk (Drama therapy) ,d vU; funsZ'ku rduhd gS tks laosxksa vkSj Hkkoukvksa dks O;ä djus esa O;fä dh lgk;rk djrh gS vkSj Hkhrjh mFky&iqFky ds fudkl ekxZ dks lqxe cukrh gSA
jk"Vªh; ukVd fpfdRlk la?k us ukVd fpfdRlk dks] Þy{k.k jkgr] lkaosfxd vkSj 'kkjhfjd ,dhdj.k] vkSj O;fäxr fodkl ds fpfdRlh; y{;ksa dks çkIr djus ds fy, ukVd@jaxeap ds rjhdksa] oLrqvksa vkSj lac) lktkslkeku ds O;ofLFkr vkSj vfHkçsr mi;ksx]Þ ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA u`R;@xfr fpfdRlk dh rjg gh
238
ukVd fpfdRlk lfØ; mikxe gS tks fojspu esa lgk;rk djrh gS] vuqHkoksa dks le>rh gS] O;ogkj vkSj ifjçs{; esa cnyko ykrh gS vkSj blds ifj.kkeLo:i O;fäxr fodkl gksrk gSA ;g vius laosxksa ls tqM+us] mu rd igqapus vkSj mUgsa Lohdkj djus esa O;fä dh lgk;rk djrh gSA vjLrw ds vuqlkj ukVd gkfudkjd laosxksa dks eqä djus] ln~Hkko l`ftr djus vkSj O;fä ,oa leqnk; esa mipkj djus esa lgk;rk djrk gS ¼cksy ¼Boal½] 1985½A
ukVd fpfdRlk dk mís'; ,sls jksfx;ksa ds fy, jksx fuokjd@mipkjkRed gks ldrk gS tks igys ls gh mipkj@fpfdRlk ls xqtj jgs gSaA ;g tksf[ke okys O;fä;ksa dh lgk;rk djds fuokjd vkSj lqxe dkjd Hkh gks ldrh gS( blds vykok ;g vkRe&vUos"k.k dks l{ke dj ldrh gS ftlls lkekU;@LoLFk O;fä;ksa esa vkRe&fodkl vkSj vkRe&laoèkZu gks ldrk gSA
ukVd fpfdRlk ek= ukVd ;k jaxeap esa Hkkx ysus rd gh lhfer ugÈ gSA blesa vUos"k.k] vfHkO;fä] mipkj] lqèkkj vkSj dY;k.k dh fn'kk esa vfHkçsr ç;kl 'kkfey gSA blfy, ;g t:jh gS fd fpfdRld is'ksoj :i ls ;ksX; vkSj çf'kf{kr gksA mls ukVd@jaxeap] euksfoKku] euksjksx] euksfpfdRlk] vkSj ukVd fpfdRlk dk Kku vkSj çf'k{k.k çkIr gksuk pkfg,A blds vykok ukVd esa pwafd laxhr] xhr] u`R;]
ys[ku] Mªkbax vkfn tSlh jpukRed dykvksa ds vU; :i 'kkfey gSa] blfy, ;g mi;ksxh gksxk fd ukVd fpfdRld dks vU; dyk :iksa dk Hkh Kku gksA
bl rjg ukVd fpfdRld csgrj cnyko ykus vkSj Hkhrj ,oa ckgj lkeatL;
l`ftr djus ds fy, DykbaV ds fopkjksa] laosxksa vkSj O;ogkj dk lekèkku djrk gSA ukVd fpfdRld ukVd fpfdRlk ds nks igyqvksa ij è;ku dsafær djrk gS%
• ukVdh; çfØ;k,a tks ukVd ds [ksyksa] Hkwfedk fuokZg] rkRdkfyd çn'kZu]
dFkkud dks lanÆHkr djrh gSa
• mRikn dBiqrfy;ksa] eq[kkSVksa] [ksy@çn'kZuksa dks lanÆHkr djrs gSa
çfØ;k vkSj mRikn esa mijksä esa ls fdldk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,] bls DykbaV dh t:jrksa] y{;ksa vkSj vkjke ds Lrj ls fuèkkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
ukVd lewg esa fd;k tkrk gSA blfy,] ukVd çfØ;kvksa vkSj mRiknksa ds lkFk&lkFk lewg fuekZ.k vkSj dkedkt ds fl)karksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA jhuh ,equkg ¼Renee Emunah½ ¼1994½ ukVd fpfdRlk esa ikap pj.kksa dks bafxr djrs gSa%
a½ ukVdh; ukVdA lewg ds lnL;ksa ds chp rkyesy] foÜokl vkSj lkeatL;
fodflr djuk bl pj.k dk mís'; gSA bl rjg lewg] ,d lewg esa ln~Hkko ls dke djus ds ewyHkwr dkS'ky fodflr djus ds fy, ,d lkFk ukVd djus
;k çn'kZu djus esa layXu gksrk gSA
b½ –'; dk;ZA lewg ukVd djuk tkjh j[krk gS vkSj ukVd esa vius dkS'ky esa lqèkkj djus dk y{; j[krk gSA muds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd os lgt gksa vkSj ukVd ls lacafèkr fofHkUu dkS'ky vkSj rduhdsa lh[ksaA
c½ Hkwfedk fuokZgA tSlk fd uke ls ladsr feyrk gS] lewg elyksa@leL;kvksa ij Hkwfedk fuokZg djrk gS ;k mudk lekèkku djrk gSA bl rjg blesa ifj;ksa dh
-III
239
dgkfu;ka] dgkuh ds ik=ksa tSls vU; dkYifud ekè;eksa ds ekè;e ls leL;kvksa dk lqjf{kr vUos"k.k 'kkfey gSA
d½ fØ;kvksa dk lekiuA bl pj.k esa O;fäxr leL;kvksa ij dkjZokà dh tkrh gS vkSj budk lhèks vUos"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA
e½ ukVdh; fØ;k i)frA blls lkoZtfud çn'kZu ;k lkewfgd fØ;k i)fr ds ekè;e ls lewg ds dke ds lekiu dk ladsr feyrk gSA
bl rjg ge dg ldrs gSa fd igyk pj.k lacaèk fuekZ.k ij dsafær gS] nwljk pj.k ukVd dkS'ky vkSj rduhdsa lh[kus ds lacaèk esa dsafær gS] rhljs pj.k esa Hkwfedk fuokZg ds ekè;e ls ijks{k :i ls leL;kvksa dk vUos"k.k djuk 'kkfey gS] pkSFks pj.k esa O;fäxr leL;kvksa ij lhèks dkjZokà djuk 'kkfey gS vkSj var esa ikapoka pj.k lewg dk;Z ds lkoZtfud ;k futh çn'kZu ds ekè;e ls lewg ds lekiu ls fpfàr gksrk gSA
1½ laØe.k LFkku% (transitional space): ukVd fpfdRlk esa LFkku ,d egRoiw.kZ igyw gSA ;g ukVd ds lanHkZ esa fuÆer dkYifud LFkku dks bafxr djrk gS tks fd DykbaV vkSj fpfdRld ds chp foÜokl vkSj vkjke ds ewy fl)kar dks çnÆ'kr djrk gSA ;g laØe.kdkyhu LFkku DykbaV dh Hkhrjh leL;kvksa dks ckgj ykus] Hkwfedk fuHkkus] bls ckgjh oLrq ds :i esa j[kus]
voyksdu djus vkSj bl ij dk;Z djus dk volj çnku djrk gSA blls leL;kvksa esa var–Zf"V l`ftr djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gS vkSj blls uà lh[k vkSj lek;kstu feyrs gSaA
2½ :id (metaphors): :idksa ds mi;ksx ls laosxksa] fopkjksa vkSj O;ogkj dh vyx&vyx O;k[;k djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,]
vyx&vyx fp=ksa ds ekè;e ls vyx&vyx laosxksa dk çrhd :i ls n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gS tSls gok ls ygjkrs isM+ ls [kq'kh dks n'kkZukA
3½ lq–<+ ewrZ :i nsuk%(concrete embodiment): ;g ,d ,slh rduhd gS tks DykbaV ds 'kjhj dk mi;ksx djds vewrZ dks lkdkj :i nsrh gSA ewrZ :i nsus esa iqjkus vçHkkoh ;k nks"kiw.kZ O;ogkjksa dks fnekx ls fudkyuk vkSj u, çHkkoh LoLFk O;ogkjksa dk vuqHko djuk 'kkfey gSA
4½ ukVdh; ç{ksi.k% (dramatic projection): ;gka DykbaV vius Hkhrjh fopkjksa
;k Hkkoukvksa dks is'k djrs gSa vkSj l= esa bu ij vfHku; djrs gSaA Hkhrjh Hkkoukvksa vkSj leL;kvksa dk vfHku; djus ds fy, os :idksa vkSj ç‚Il dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA
mi;ksx dh tkus okyh ,slh dà rjg dh rduhdsa gSa ftudh tM+sa jaxeap ds lkFk&lkFk fpfdRlk esa Hkh gksrh gSa] tSls] euksjaxeap] lkekftd jaxeap] IyscSd jaxeap] Hkwfedk fuokZg] mRihfM+rksa dk fFk,Vj] fpfdRlh; Lik;jy e‚My vkfnA rduhdsa fuEufyf[kr igyqvksa ds vuqlkj fHkUu&fHkUu gksrh gSa%
• vukSipkfjd gksuk ;k vkSipkfjd çLrqfr 'kkfey djuk
• dFkkud (script) gksuk ;k fLØIV ugÈ gksuk
240
• DykbaV fdlh ckgjh pfj= dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS ;k lhèks mlds thou dk vfHku; djrk gS
1½ jpukRedrk vkSj lgtrk dks çksRlkfgr djuk% fpfdRld dk mís'; vkerkSj ij ;g gS fd çfrHkkfx;ksa dks mudh jpukRed ç—fr dks fodflr djus fn;k tk, vkSj fcuk fdlh vojksèk ds ukVd fpfdRlk dh çfØ;k esa mudh Hkkxhnkjh ds çfr lgt gksus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tk, vkSj c<+kok fn;k tk,A
2½ Hkwfedk fuHkkuk% xzkgdksa ;k çfrHkkfx;ksa dks Lo;a dk vfHku; djus ;k fdlh vU; O;fä dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA blls mUgsa nwljs ds ifjçs{; dks le>us vkSj muds lkFk lekuqHkwfr j[kus esa Hkh lgk;rk feyrh gSA çfrHkkxh vius Lo;a ds vuqHkoksa ls Hkh tqM+rs gSaA
3½ dFkkud Hkwfedk (scripted role): dà ckj ,d fLØIV gksrh gS ftldk vfHku; fd;k tkuk gksrk gS vkSj çfrHkkxh Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds fy, Hkwfedk pqu ldrs gSa ;k fpfdRld }kjk mls lhèks gh pquh xà mi;qä Hkwfedk lkSaih tk ldrh gSA blls çfrHkkfx;ksa dks viuh Hkkoukvksa dks ckgj fudkyus vkSj fofHkUu çdkj ds vuqHkoksa ls tqM+us esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
4½ rRdky Hkwfedk (improvisational role): dà Hkkj vfHku; fcuk vfèkd
;kstuk ds rqjar fd, tkrs gSaA ,sls Rofjr dk;Z djrs le;] çfrHkkxh vius Lo;a ds vuqHkoksa] ;knksa] foÜoklksa vkfn ls fp=ksa dks LokHkkfod :i ls vfHkuhr djrs gSaA blls vkRe&tkx:drk vkSj vkRe&vfHkO;fä esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA 5½ Hkk"k.k vkSj dgkuh lqukuk% bl rduhd esa çfrHkkxh vius thou dh ÞdgkuhÞ
crkus dh bPNk O;ä djrk gSA bl rjg dh vfHkO;fä ls thou dh vfèkd ldkjkRed vkSj csgrj dgkfu;ksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA ;g vfHkO;fä ukVd esa xfr vkSj vfHkO;fä ds :i esa gks ldrh gSA
6½ ç{ksi.k ukVd (projective play): blesa fofHkUu çdkj ds ç‚Il dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bldk vkerkSj ij cPpksa vkSj o;Ldksa dh fodklkRed dfBukb;ksa ds lacaèk esa mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA cPpk ukVd vkSj [ksy ds ekè;e ls ckgjh nqfu;k ds çfr viuh Hkkoukvksa dks çnÆ'kr djrk gSA ;g muds la?k"kks± vkSj vlQyrkvksa ls fuiVus esa lgk;d gSA
7½ vfHku; djuk (acting out): blesa ifj.kkeksa dk lkeuk fd, fcuk fdlh lqjf{kr LFkku ij udkjkRed O;ogkj djuk 'kkfey gSA bl rduhd dk mi;ksx O;luh O;ogkjksa ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA os vius ijs'kku djus okys O;ogkjksa dks vfHkuhr dj ldrs gSa vkSj vius O;ogkj dks ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj bu O;ogkjksa ij vkRe fujh{k.k dj ldrs gSaA blls mUgsa vius O;ogkj ds ckjs esa lkspus esa enn fey ldrh gSA jksxh dqN iqjkus vuqHkoksa dks Hkh vfHkuhr dj ldrs gSa vkSj bu igys ds vuqHkoksa ds bnZfxnZ ds }a}ksa dks gy dj ldrs gSaA 8½ ekLd% ekLd dk mi;ksx ukVd esa mi;ksx dh tkus okyh vU; rduhd gSA
ekLd çfrHkkfx;ksa dks mu Hkkoukvksa vkSj laosxksa dks O;ä djus esa lgk;rk djrs gSa ftUgsa os vU;Fkk O;ä djus esa l{ke ugÈ gks ldrs gSaA ekLd mUgsa vfèkd lqjf{kr vkSj lajf{kr eglwl djkrs gSaA blls çfrHkkfx;ksa dks muds }a}ksa]
nqfoèkk] liuksa] dYiukvksa vkSj lkekftd Hkwfedkvksa dks O;ä djus vkSj muds vUos"k.k esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
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çfrHkkxh ewy :i ls muds *uke* ds lkFk fdlh O;fä dh dgkuh crkrs gSaA bl vH;kl dk mi;ksx blfy, fd;k tkrk gS rkfd çfrHkkfx;ksa dks muds Lo;a ds thou dh dgkfu;ksa ds Hkhrj vius vçdV vkSj vO;ä laosxksa dk irk yxkus esa lgk;rk fey ldsA çfrHkkxh vius uke ds lkFk viuh Hkwfedk gkfly djrk gS vkSj vius cpiu ls ml ij çHkko Mkyus okyh thou dh ?kVukvksa dks vfHkuhr djrk gSA çfrHkkxh Lo;a dks vfHkO;ä djus ds fy, çksi] dkxt] isafly vkfn dk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
var esa] ukVd fpfdRlk DykbaaV~l dks ;g volj çnku djrh gS fd os fpfdRld ds lkFk u`R; lewg ds lnL;ksa ds chp vkilh le> ds lqjf{kr LFkku esa viuh Hkhrjh Hkkoukvksa vkSj Çprkvksa dks O;ä dj ldsaA ;g DykbaV esa lkaosfxd yphykiu c<+kus vkSj muesa u, dkS'ky fodflr djus esa lgk;d gSA bl rjg ;g vkRe lEeku vkSj dY;k.k dks c<+kus esa ;ksxnku nsrh gSA
1½ ukVd fpfdRlk ds nks igyw D;k gSa\
2½ ukVd fpfdRlk esa ikap pj.k fdlus fn, gSa\
3½ ukVd fpfdRlk esa ewrZ :i nsuk D;k gS\
orZeku bdkà esa geus vfHkO;atd dyk fpfdRlk ds nks egRoiw.kZ :iksa] u`R;@xfr fpfdRlk ¼Mh,eVh½ vkSj ukVd fpfdRlk ds ckjs esa lh[kkA u`R;@xfr fpfdRlk esa vkarfjd Hkkoukvksa vkSj }a}ksa dh vfHkO;fä esa lgk;rk ds fy, u`R; ;k 'kjhj dh lkekU; xfr;ksa dk mi;ksx 'kkfey gSA ;g O;fäRo ds 'kkjhfjd] lkaosfxd]
laKkukRed vkSj lkekftd Mksesu ds vfèkd leUo; vkSj ,dhdj.k dks lqxe cukrh gSA Mh,eVh ykxw djus ds fy, fofHkUu mikxe vkSj rduhdsa gSaA rduhd dk pquko fo'ks"k fpfdRldh; rduhd ds fy, DykbaV dh ilan ds lkFk&lkFk fpfdRld ds mUeq[khdj.k vkSj çf'k{k.k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA Mh,eVh ds ykHkdkjh çHkkoksa dks n'kkZus okys vla[; 'kksèk lk{; miyCèk gSaA lkekU; rkSj ij Mh,eVh O;fä ds O;fäRo ds fofHkUu varoSZ;fäd vkSj ikjLifjd igyqvksa dks c<+kok nsrh gS vkSj bl rjg dq'ky {kse dks c<+krh gSA blh rjg ukVd fpfdRlk esa fofHkUu rduhdsa gksrh gSa ftudk mi;ksx DykbaV ds elyksa@leL;kvksa ds ukVdh;
:ikarj.k ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gS rkfd bls ckgjh leL;k ds :i esa vfHkuhr fd;k tk lds ftls vU; lnL;ksa vkSj fpfdRld ds lkFk oLrqijd :i ls ns[kk tk ldsA ukVd fpfdRlk O;fä dh Hkkoukvksa dks vfHkuhr djus] ifjçs{; gkfly djus] vfèkd vkRe&Kku fodflr djus] viuh vkRe&voèkkj.kk dks c<+kus vkSj lkekU; dY;k.k ds fy, lqjf{kr LFkku çnku djrh gSA
bl ij è;ku nsrh gS fd 'kjhj vkSj blds gkoHkko dSls gS vkSj ;g çR;{k.k] vkarfjd Hkkoukvksa vkSj rukoksa dks fdl rjg çHkkfor djrs gSa ftudk mi;ksx fpfdRldh; rjhds ls fd;k tkrk gS ftlls vki dY;k.k dks laoÆèkr djrs gSaA
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dk rkRi;Z fdlh ds ckgjh vkRe ls gS tks lnSo lekt ds vuq:i gksus vkSj mlds f'k"Vkpkj esa fQV gksus dk ç;kl djrk gSA
esa nwljk O;fä dSls eglwl djrk gS] nwljs dh ifjfLFkfr dk Kku çkIr djuk vkSj mlds vuqlkj dk;Z djuk 'kkfey gSA
dks y{k.k jkgr] lkaosfxd vkSj 'kkjhfjd ,dhdj.k] vkSj O;fäxr fodkl ds fpfdRlh; y{;ksa dks çkIr djus ds fy, ukVd@jaxeap ds rjhdksa]
oLrqvksa vkSj lac) lktkslkeku ds O;ofLFkr vkSj vfHkçsr mi;ksx ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
esa DykbaV vius vkarfjd fopkjksa ;k Hkkoukvksa dks is'k djrs gSa vkSj fpfdRlk l= esa budk vfHku; djrs gSaA
1½ xyr 2½ eSfj;u psl 3½ mnkÙkhdj.k 4½ ;ksX;rk
5½ 'kkjhfjd dh Nfo ls rkRi;Z gS fd 'kjhj vkSj O;ogkj ds çfr mldh Hkkouk lfgr O;fä vius 'kjhj dks dSls ns[krk gSA
6½ xfrt tkx:drk ls rkRi;Z Hkhrjh vkSj ckgjh nksuksa Lrjksa ij 'kkjhfjd :i ls Lo;a dks eglwl djus dh fpfdRld dh {kerk ls gSA
7½ fejÇjx esa fpfdRld ;k fdlh vU; O;fä dh xfrfofèk;ksa dh lVhd udy djuk 'kkfey gSA
1½ ukVd fpfdRlk ds nks igyw ukVdh; çfØ;k,a ¼tks ukVd ds [ksy] Hkwfedk fuHkkus] Rofjr O;oLFkk] dFkkud dks lanÆHkr djrk gS½ vkSj mRikn ¼tks dBiqrfy;ksa] eq[kkSVksa] [ksy@ çn'kZu dks lanÆHkr djrk gS½ gSaA
2½ jhuh bequkg
3½ ukVd fpfdRlk esa daØhV ewrZ :i nsuk ,slh rduhd gS tks DykbaVds 'kjhj dk mi;ksx djds vewrZ dks lkdkj :i nsrh gSA
1½ u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk ds vFkZ vkSj ladYiuk dh O;k[;k djsaA 2½ u`R; vkSj xfr fpfdRlk ds fofHkUu mikxeksa dk o.kZu djsaA 3½ ukVd fpfdRlk dh rduhdksa dh O;k[;k djsaA
4½ jsuh ,equkg }kjk fn, x, ukVd fpfdRlk ds pj.kksa dk o.kZu djsaA
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