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INVESTIGATIONS ON THERMAL TRAP TYPE SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTORS AND APPLICATIONS FOR

DOMESTIC WATER AND SPACE HEATING

by

SANT RAM

Thesis submitted to the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi for the award of the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

op

DELHI

CENTRE OF ENERGY STUDIES

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI

1982

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DEDIOr.TED TO Kf PARENTS AND OTHER MEMBERS OF MY FhMILY BY THE BLESSING OF WHOM I HkVE BEEN hBLE TO RISE TO THIS LEV 'L

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CERTIF..CATE

The s certified tha the Thesis entitled, 'Tnvestigatioi rn Thermel Trap Type Soler Energy Collectors and Applications

for ma:10 tJater and Space Heettng' hes been completed by hr. 3fll ranT under our superv-ision. :t :ls or..re] in nature End we have perjtted the cenddnte to submt the

Thesis for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHLbSLJPHY n ScJlar Energy.

N '

Dr. IN. K. Bansel Asss ant Professor Centre of Energy Studies

Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110 016 L ND I

Professor H.P. Garg Centre of Energy Studies Indar Institute of Technoloc Hair New Delhi - 110 01 IN D I

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s1CKL WLLDGEMENTS

it is my great pleasure and privilege to express profound indebtedness to Professor M.S. Sodha, Deputy Director, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, for his invaluable supervision, perennial source of help,

everlasting inspiration and stimulating discussions as a consequence of which the present study reached

fruition.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Dr. N.K. Bansal and Prof. H.P. Garg for their

unstinting

guidance, constant encouragement and unfailing help in suggesting the problems at all stages of this work and making a detective perusal of the whole manuscript.

Grateful thanks are due to Prof. M.P. Murgai, Prof.

S.S. Mathur, Prof. S.B. Sabberwal, Dr. G.N. Tiwari, Dr. N.D. Kaushik, Dr. S.C. Kaushik, Dr. J.K. Sharma and Dr. Govind for their hospitable attitude, excellent understanding and moral support.

My special thanks are also due to my colleagues Shri Shiv Singh, Shri S.N. Rai, Mr. D. Singh, Mr. P.S.

Nagar, Dr. Usha, Dr. tishvini, Dr. Kandpal, Mr. hshvini Mehta, Mrs. Dhiman, Mr. S.C. Bhardwaj, Rao and other members of Solar Energy Lab. (II) who helped me in some useful discussions and occasionally lent their concern with the progress of my work.

I have no befitting word to express my deep sentiments towards my parents and other members of my family,

particularly, my wife:, Santa, for their unending tolerance and moral support during the course of this work.

It gives me great pleasure to appreciate the cooperation extended by the facility staff at Centre of Energy Studies for their intelligent and skilful drafting and typographical assistance. Particularly, I am thankful to Shri T.N. Gupta and Mr. Kirpal Singh.

Last but not the least I em grateful to Shri D.R. Joshi for his intelligent and skilful typing of this manuscript.

IT

C

(S NT R GM )

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S V M M A R X

This thesis is a study of some novel concepts on solar water and space heating systems. In the conven- tional flat plate collector, the cover is usually made of glass which is easily breakable and makes the weight of the total unit very heavy. In this thesis, it is proposed to replace the glass cover by an appropriate transparent plastic material which has not only the advantage of lighter weht but simultaneously (its conductivity being 1,w) helps in trapping more of infra-red radiation in

comparison to glass. This effect known as 'Thermal Trap Effect' has been studied in detail for flat-plate collector water hating systems with free and forced convection.

Some novel space heating concepts namely, the 'Roof Radiation Trap System',

'Trenawall'

and 'Ventilated Trombe Wall' have also been analysed and the performance has been studied for typical passive heating applications. In

general, this thesis is a mixture of theretical and experi- mental work on 'Thermal Trap Flat Plate Solar pA2,4r4y Ccal&ctor' and an analytical study of new passive concepts for space

heating.

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CON TEN T S

Page No.

1-16 PREFACE

CHAPTER I PARAMETRIC STUDY OF A THERMAL TRAP SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR

1.1 Introduction 17

1.2 Theory 18

1,3 Results and Discussion 25

1.4 Conclusions 33

1.5 Figure Caption 35

1.6 Nomenclature 36

CHAPTER II PERFORIvIkNCE OF A THERMAL TRAP

FLAT PLATE SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR:

THEORETICAL AND E) ERIMa\1TAL STUDY

2.1 Introduction 38

2.2 Theory 39

2.3 Experiment 46

2.4. Results and Discussion 48

2.5 Conclusions 57

2.6 Figure Caption 58

2.7 Nomenclature 59

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS OF A DOMESTIC SOI R •+~T+~rl'ER HEATING SYSTEM WITH A THERMAL

TRAP FLAT-PLATE SOLe`uo, ENERGY COLLECTOR

3.1 Introduction 62

3.2 Theory 65

3.3 Results and Discussion 73

3.4 Conclusions 80

3.5 Figure Caption 85

3.6 Nomenclature 86

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CHAPTER IV 1 STUDY CF THERMOSYPHON SOLX .R Wr~T'ER HEhTING SYSTEM CONSISTING

OF A THERWL TRhP COLLECTOR

4.1 Introduction 90

-.2 Theory 92

4.3 Results and Discussion 103

4.4 Conclusions 111

4.5 Figure Caption 115

4.6 Nomenclature 116

CHAPTER V STUDY OF A NOVEL TRAN SWALL CON CEP T FOR PASSIVE HEATING tU4D COMPARISON WITH TROMBE WALL AND WATER WALL

5.1 Introduction 119

5.2 Theory 121

5.2a Trombe wall 121

i; Trombe wall without 123

vents.

+ii Trombe wall with Vents 125

5.2b Walter Wall 131

5.2c Transwall 132 5.3 Results and Discussion 141

5.4 Conclusions 160

5.5 Figure Caption 161

5.6 Nome=nclature 163

CHAPTER VI PERIODIC ANALYSIS OF ROOF RADIrATION TRAP SYSTEM: A PASSIVE HE,=.TIAG CONCEPT

6.1 Introduction 168

6.2 Theory 171

6.3 Results and Discussion 165 6.4 Conclusions 195

6.5 Figure Caption 196

6.6 Nomenclature 198

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CHAPTER VII F.NALYSIS OF i VENTIL TED TROMBE WALL: HEATING kND COOLING

APPLICATIONS

7.1

Introduction 2V2

7.2 Theory 203

SECTION—I

USE OF TROMBE WLI/ROOF FOR PkSSIVE

HEti T ING 203

7.3a

Results and Discussion 212 SECT ION--II

USE OF TROMBE WALL/ROOF FOR PASSIVE

COOLING 223

7.31

Results and Discussion 223

7.4

Conclusions 230

7.5

Figure Caption 231

7.6

Nomenclature 233

hPPENDIX ;236

REFERENCES 239

References

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