Department for providing rainfall data. We also express our gratitude to Department of

Team

Telangana State Remote Sensing Applications Centre (TRAC)

Sri K. Ramakrishna Rao, IAS Director General (FAC)

Principal Secretary (Finance and Planning) Government of Telangana

Dr. G. Sreenivasa Reddy Addl. Director General Dr. M. Kavitha Scientist 'SC'

Sri. A. Kamalakar Reddy Senior Technical Officer Sri. N. Narender Technical Officer

Acknowledgement

We take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to Directorate of Economics and

Statistics, Telangana State Developing Planning Society, and India Meteorological

Department for providing rainfall data. We also express our gratitude to Department of

Agriculture and Irrigation Department for sharing progress of crop sowings and

reservoir water levels data respectively for integrated seasonal condition monitoring of

the state.

HIGHLIGHTS

INTEGRATED SEASONAL CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM (ISMS) - TELANGANA Cumulative Report up to 15th June , 2018

 Seasonal condition is categorised as “Normal” in 484 Mandals as on date 15^th June 2018

 Seasonal condition is categorised as “Watch” in 100 Mandals as on date 15^th June 2018

Rainfall 01

June to 15

June, 2018

 82 Mandals out of 584 (14%) of state received Deficient rainfall. 102 Mandals (17%) of the state received Excess rainfall. 32 Mandals (5%) of the state received Large Deficient rainfall.

271 Mandals (46%) of the state received Large Excess rainfall.

 97 Mandals (17%) have received Normal rainfall respectively.

Seasonal Condition up to 1^st fortnight of June, 2018 Rainfall from 1^st June to 15^th June 2018

CONTENTS

S. No. Description Page No

1 Background and Rationale 1

2 1. Data used, Indicators and Methodology 3

3 Present status up to 1

fortnight of June 2018 7

3.1 Rainfall data 7

3.2 Reservoir Water Levels 10

3.3 Vegetation Index 11

3.4 Surface Wetness Indicators 14

3.5 Drought situation of Mandals 17

4 Conclusions 21

References 22

List of Tables

Table No. Description Page No

1 Classification of agricultural situation 3

2 Data source and indicators 3

3 Rainfall status as on 15

June 2018 8

4 Reservoir water levels 10

5 Mandals under watch categories based on ISMS criteria 18

6 District wise NDVI / NDWI / VCI Status 20

List of Figures

Figure

No. Description Page. No

1 Location of Automatic Weather Stations 2

2 Flow chart of drought assessment methodology 6

3 Deviation of rainfall in percent w.r.t. normal from June 01

to June 15

, 2018 9

4 NDVI - MODIS: First Fortnight of June 2018 11

5 NDVI - MODIS, Fortnightly agricultural situation from June 2018, 2017 and 2016 12 6 NDVI deviation (MODIS - 250m), First Fortnight of June 2018 w.r.t. 2013 13

7 NDWI - MODIS: First Fortnight of June 2018 14

8 NDWI - MODIS, Fortnightly agricultural situation from June 2018, 2017 and 2016 15 9 NDWI deviation (MODIS - 250m), First Fortnight of June 2018 w.r.t. 2013 16

10 Mandal wise drought assessment based on ISMS criterion 17

ANNEXURE

S. No Description Page. No

I District wise maps showing Watch Mandals 23

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 1 1. Background and Rationale

Drought is a complex natural hazard. It is defined as any deficiency of water to satisfy the normal need to agriculture, livestock, industry, or human population. Drought assessment and monitoring is essential for the agricultural sector to take appropriate mitigation measures. Drought indices derived from satellite data play a major role in assessing the health and condition of the crops/vegetation.

National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS) project of National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) established a remote sensing based drought assessment protocol utilizing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The Government of India has established Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre (MNCFC) under Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, New Delhi for carrying out drought assessment at national level.

The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India published a drought manual in 2016 which suggested parameters like rainfall deficiency, area under sowing, NDVI, Moisture Adequacy Index (MAI) and some other indictors to declare drought. The Government of Telangana (GoTS) recommended that drought declaration should include three indices with at least one index from each of the following two groups;

Group 1

 Rainfall deviation

 Dry spell

 MAI Group 2

 NDVI

 Area reduction under major crop (s) Supplementary indicators

These indicators are very important to provide information on drought impact on other sectors.

 Depletion in ground water level

 Fodder shortage

 Drinking water shortage

An extensive weather observation network of 855 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) is established in Telangana. Telangana State Development Planning Society (TSDPS) monitors the data and maintains the networks. Figure 1 showing the location of AWS stations in Telangana.

Telangana State Remote Sensing Applications Centre (TRAC) has established a protocol Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (ISMS). The objectives of the ISMS are

 Concurrent monitoring of seasonal conditions using remote sensing, extensive weather network data and continuous ground truth.

 Develop an early warning (monitoring and forecasting) of drought using suite of indicators, which will help to increase drought preparedness, and identify and implement appropriate Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures.

 Early warning to the Districts/Mandals.

ISMS uses the rainfall data provided by Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DE&S), weekly progress of crop area sowings, groundwater level and its fluctuation, command and non- command area, water releases data, reservoir levels in addition to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) based methodology of MNCFC. This output is verified through ground truth, additionally in context of the state specific drought declaration criteria. The agricultural situation is classified in three to four categories as per the NRSC i.e. Normal, Watch, Alert for June to August and Normal, Mild, Moderate and Severe for September to October. The details of the classification of agricultural situation are given in Table 1.

Figure 1: Location of automatic weather stations

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 3 Table. 1. Classification of agricultural situation

Duration Condition Description

June - August

Normal

Agricultural situation is normal Watch



Progress of agricultural situation is slow



Ample scope for recovery



No external intervention needed Alert



Very slow progress of agricultural situation



Need for intervention.



Develop and implement contingency plans to minimise loss

September - October

Mild

drought

Crops have suffered stress slightly Moderate

drought



Considerable loss in production.



Take measures to alleviate suffering

Severe

High risk significant reduction in crop yield



Management measures to provide relief

2. Data used, Indicators and Methodology 2.1. Data used

Details of data used under project are discussed in Table 2.

Table. 2. Data source and indicators

Data source Product Indicators

MODIS (250/500m) Surface reflectance NDVI & NDWI

AWiFS Surface reflectance NDVI & NDWI

AWS/ DES



Daily rainfall



Crop sown area



Crop cutting experiments



Rainfall deviation



Dry spells



Crop yield Agriculture

Department, GoTS Weekly sowing progress District wise sown areas deviation from normal Irrigation

Department, GoTS

Reservoir levels/ Water release data

Command area Mandals

under canal irrigation

2.2. Indicators and Index

2.2.1. Rainfall data

In Telangana, South-West Monsoon is crucial for agriculture sector. ISMS uses integrated (AWS+DES+IMD) Mandal wise rainfall data provided by Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DES). This data is used for computation of meteorological drought situation and to derive the mandal wise spatial distribution of rainfall in the state.

2.2.2. Reservoir water levels and water release - major and medium project

A scheme having Culturable Command Area (CCA) up to 2,000 hectares individually is classified as minor irrigation scheme. A scheme having CCA more than 2,000 hectares and up to 10,000 hectares individually is a medium irrigation scheme. A scheme having CCA more than 10,000 hectares is major irrigation scheme. In Telangana, water is released during Kharif season to major and medium command areas.

2.2.3. Crop sowing progress

Weekly crop sowing progress reports are taken from 'Season and Crop Coverage Report- Kharif 2018' of Commissioner of Agriculture, Telangana. The report includes current status of Weather condition, Water level, Crop sowing and Agricultural Operations.

2.2.4. Vegetation index

The crop/vegetation reflects high energy in the near infrared band due its canopy geometry and health of the standing crops/vegetation and absorbs high in the red band due to its biomass and photosynthesis. Uses of these contrast characteristics of vegetation in near infrared and red bands indicate both the health and condition of the crops/vegetation. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely used for operational drought assessment because of its simplicity in calculation, easy to interpret and its ability to partially compensate for the effects of atmosphere, illumination geometry etc., (Malingreau 1986, Tucker and Chowdhary 1987, Kogan 1995).

NDVI is derived by the difference of these measurements and divided by their sum.

The vegetation index is generated from each of the available satellite data irrespective of the cloud cover present. To minimize the cloud, monthly time composite vegetation index is generated.

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 5 2.2.5. Surface wetness indicator

Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) band is sensitive to moisture available in soil as well as in crop canopy. In the beginning of the cropping season, soil background is dominant hence SWIR is sensitive to soil moisture in the top 1-2 cm. As the crop progresses, SWIR becomes sensitive to leaf moisture content. SWIR band provides only surface wetness information. When the crop is grown-up, SWIR response is only from canopy and not from the underlying soil. NDWI using SWIR can complement NDVI for drought assessment particularly in the beginning of the cropping season. NDWI is derived as under;

Higher values of NDWI signify more surface wetness. The wetness index is generated from each of the available satellite data irrespective of the cloud cover present. To minimize the cloud, monthly time composite wetness index is generated.

2.2.6. Vegetation condition index

Kogan (1995) developed Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) using the range of NDVI as under,

The current drought assessment expressed as percentage of deviation of NDVI and NDWI based on 10 year NDVI and NDWI index values. The minimum and maximum value of NDVI and NDWI, the VCI discriminated between the weather components.

2.3 Methodology

Figure 2: Flow chart of drought assessment methodology

NDVI & NDWI NDVI & NDWI

Satellite Data

MODIS AWiFS

VCI Deviation w.r.t.

Normal year

% Rainfall Dev.

Command and Non command areas

Dry Spell

June to Aug

Sept to Oct

June to Aug

Sept to Oct Normal

watch Alert Normal

Mild Moderate

Severe

Normal Watch

Alert Normal

Mild Moderate

Severe

Composite Fortnightly Report Ground

Truth

Weekly Sowing Progress

Reservoir Level

voir level Water Release Sampling Plan based on:

 Meteorological drought

 Command/Non command area

 Drought Prone border line areas

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 7 The methodology to assess and monitor the agricultural conditions and situation in the state at district and Mandal level uses IRS Resourcesat-2 AWiFS data. Indian Remote Sensing satellite (IRS) Resourcesat-2 having Advanced Wide Imaging Field Sensor (AWiFS) payload collects data in two spectral bands 0.62-0.68 µm (red) and 0.77-0.86 µm (near infrared) with spatial resolution of 56 m and ground swath of 740 km with a revisit period of 5 days. Along with this MODIS 250/500 m satellite data provide spectra, radiometric and spatial resolutions products for better monitoring of the agriculture. The combination of AWiFS and MODIS is useful to increase the frequency of images.

The different activities carried out through ISMS commence with acquisition of MODIS (250 m) and AWiFS (56 m) satellite data. The satellite data being processed and NDVI and NDWI indices are developed. Based on these indices deviation with respect to normal year (2013) is calculated and Mandal wise statistics are derived. The agricultural situation is assessed incorporating rainfall deviation, command and non command areas, dry spell, drought prone border line areas, crop sown area progress and ground truth along with satellite derived indices.

The flow chart of methodology is shown in Figure 2.

3. Present status up to 1^st fortnight of June 2018

3.1. Rainfall data

The status of rainfall as on 15^th June 2018 is shown in Table.3.

 271 Mandals (46%) of the state received Large Excess (+60% and above) rainfall.

 102 Mandals (17%) of the state received Excess (+20% to +59%) rainfall.

 97 Mandals (17%) have received Normal (+19% to -19%) rainfall.

 82 Mandals out of 584 (14%) of state received Deficient (-20% to -59%) rainfall.

 32 Mandals (5%) of the state received Large Deficient (-60% to -99%) rainfall.

Table. 3. Rainfall status as on 15^th June 2018 Sl.

No. District Name No. of

Mandals Deficient Excess Low Deficient

Large

Excess Normal

1 Adilabad 18 1 2 15

2 Komarambheem 15 4 9 2

3 Mancherial 18 1 4 9 4

4 Nirmal 19 4 13 2

5 Nizamabad 27 10 16 1

6 Jagtial 18 3 1 3 5 6

7 Peddapalli 14 5 1 6 2

8 Jayashankar 20 1 19

9 Bhadradri 23 1 5 14 3

10 Mahabubabad 16 2 6 7 1

11 Warangal rural 15 1 3 2 3 6

12 Warangal urban 11 2 3 4 2

13 Karimnagar 16 7 3 1 1 4

14 Rajanna 13 4 7 2

15 Kamareddy 22 6 4 7 5

16 Sangareddy 26 6 2 11 7

17 Medak 20 6 4 4 6

18 Siddipet 22 9 2 6 2 3

19 Jangaon 13 7 2 2 2

20 Yadadri 16 3 2 2 6 3

21 Medchal Malkajgiri 14 2 2 3 4 3

22 Hyderabad 16 6 3 2 5

23 Rangareddy 27 1 8 15 3

24 Vikarabad 18 2 4 10 2

25 Mahabubnagar 26 2 6 1 13 4

26 Jogulamba 12 1 2 8 1

27 Wanaparthy 14 2 3 6 3

28 Nagarkurnool 20 19 1

29 Nalgonda 31 3 1 4 15 8

30 Suryapet 23 5 4 1 8 5

31 Khammam 21 2 18 1

Total 584 82 102 32 271 97

SOURCE: AWS, DE&S and IMD, HYDERABAD

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 9 The % deviation of Actual & Normal rainfall received up to 15^th June 2018 is shown in Fig. 3 respectively.

Figure 3: Deviation of rainfall in percent w.r.t. normal from June 01^st to June 15^th, 2018

3.2. Reservoir water levels

All the major reservoirs are holding 330.786 TMC as on 15-06-2018, and as on date last year the level had stood at 293.33 TMC. The details of water levels of all major reservoirs as on 15-08- 2018 are furnished hereunder in Table.4.

Table.4. Reservoir Water Levels

PARTICULARS OF MAJOR RESERVOIRS AS ON 15/June /2018

Sl

No Reservoir Name Time

FRL Gross Capacity

THIS YEAR LAST YEAR

As on 15 / June / 2018 As on 15 / June / 2017

(feet) (TMC)

Level Gross

Storage Inflow Outflow Level Gross Storage (in

feet) (TMC) (Cusecs) (Cusecs) (in feet) (TMC) Krishna Basin

1 Almatti 00:00 1705 129.721 0 0 0 0 1652.17 10.22

2 Jurala 09:08 1045 9.657 1036.91 5.26 2087 154 1031.1 3.14 3 Nagarjunasagar 09:09 590 312.045 511.6 134.403 2365 2365 502 118.49 4 Narayanapur 09:07 1615 37.646 1604.43 24.45 210 50 1592.91 14.14

5 Srisailam 09:09 885 215.807 800 28.98 522 55 777.9 19.59

6 Tungabhadra 09:08 1633 100.86 1592.57 11.91 48410 255 1568.85 0.93 7 Ujjaini 09:08 1630 117.24 1605.99 53.76 0 396 1602.28 47.28

Godavari Basin

8 Jaikwad 09:36 1522 102.732 1503.67 43.69 0 1005 1502.31 40.74

9 Kaddam 09:14 700 7.6 683.53 4.051 181 83 683.2 4

10 Lower Manair

Dam 09:14 920 24.074 882 3.56 0 115 893.85 7.48

11 Nizam sagar 09:12 1405 17.803 1385.14 2.41 0 65 1379.6 1.23

12 Singur 09:10 1717.

93 29.91 1697.42 7.92 1453 250 1708.23 17.17

13 Sri Ram Sagar 09:13 1091 90.313 1056.5 10.392 12784 244 1054.5 8.92 Source: Irrigation Department, Hyderabad

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 11 3.3. Vegetation index

The Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 1^st fortnight of June 2018 is shown in the figures and also compared with 2017 and 2016. The year 2013 is treated as a normal year. Mandal wise NDVI, monthly agricultural situation for the year 2018, 2017 and 2016, deviation of NDVI w.r.t. 2013 are shown in the Figures 4,5 and 6 respectively. The NDVI deviation with respect to the 1^st fortnight of June 2013 indicated that near to normal situation is observed in the state. As per rainfall distribution the progress of agricultural situation is normal and the vegetation condition in the state is likely to further improve in coming fortnight.

Figure 4: NDVI - MODIS: First Fortnight of June 2018

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 12 Figure 5: NDVI - MODIS, Fortnightly agricultural situation from June 2018, 2017 and 2016

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 13 Figure 6: NDVI deviation (MODIS - 250m), First Fortnight of June 2018 w.r.t. 2013

3.4. Surface wetness indicator

The map indicates status of moisture availability in soil as well as in crop canopy for 1^st fortnight of June 2018. The year 2013 is treated as a normal year. Mandal wise Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) situation from the year 2018, 2017 & 2016, Fortnightly agricultural situation deviation of NDWI w.r.t. 2013 are shown in the Figures 7, 8 and 9 respectively. NDWI deviations with respect to 1^st fortnight of June 2013 indicate that Western parts of State are under mild stress condition. As per rainfall distribution progresses, the agricultural situation and the soil moisture condition in the state is likely to further improve in next fortnight.

Figure 7: NDWI - MODIS: First Fortnight of June2018

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 15 Figure 8: NDWI - MODIS, Fortnightly agricultural situation from June 2018, 2017 and 2016

Figure 9: NDWI deviation (MODIS - 250m), First Fortnight of June 2018 w.r.t. 2013

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 17 3.5. Drought situation of Mandals

3.5.1 Composite criteria

The drought situation in the state is assessed using different indicators viz., NDVI, NDWI and rainfall deviation of mandals. Compositing all indicators, mandals were categorised into Normal, and Watch. Mandal-wise analysis for the 1^st fortnight of June 2018 indicated “Normal”

agricultural situation in 484 Mandals. The agricultural situation is categorized as “Watch” in 100 Mandals. The Mandals under Normal and Watch categories are given in the Table.5. and their spatial distribution is shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10: Mandal wise drought assessment based on ISMS criterion

Table.5. Mandals under watch category based on ISMS criteria

District Name Watch: 100

Adilabad Total: 02

Gadiguda, Jainad

Karakagudem

Jagtial Total: 6

Buggaram, Dharmapuri, Gollapalle, Jagityal Rural, Jagtial, Velgatoor

Jangaon Total: 07

Bachannapeta, Chilpur, Devaruppala, Ganpur station, Gundala, Lingalaghanpur, Tharigoppula

Kamareddy Total: 06

Bhiknur, Bibipet, Domakonda, Kamareddy, Rajampet, Tadwai

Karimnagar Total: 08

Choppadandi, Gangadhara, Gannervaram, Karimnagar Rural, Kothapalle, Ramadugu, Shankarapatnam, Thimmapur

Mahabubabad Total: 02

Narsimhulapet, Peddavangara

Mahabubnagar Total: 02

Maganoor, Rajapur

Mancherial Total: 01

Naspur

Medak Total: 06

Chilipched, Kowdipalle, Manoharabad, Narsapur, Nizampet, Shivampet

Nalgonda Total:07

Adavidevulapalli, Anumula Haliya, Chandur, Kondamallapally, Madugulapally, Miryalaguda, Munugode

Peddapalli Total: 05

Antargoan, Dharmaram, Elgaid, Palakurthy, Peddapalle

Rajanna Sircilla Total: 11

Boinpalle, Chandurthi, Konaraopeta, Mustabad, Rudrangi, Sirsilla, Thangallapalle, Veernapalle, Vemulawada, Vemulawada Rural, Yellareddypeta

Rangareddy Total: 01

Manchal

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 19

Sangareddy Total: 04

Hathanoora, Jinnaram, Kohir, Sirgapoor

Siddipet Total: 15

Cheriyal, Chinnakodur, Doultabad, Dubbak, Jagadevpur, Koheda, Komaravelly, Maddur, Markook, Mirdoddi, Nanganur, Rayapole, Siddipet Rural, Siddipet Urban, Thoguta.

Suryapet Total: 06

Chinthala palem, Mellachervu, Mothey, Neredcherla, Palakeedu, Thirumalagiri

Warangal Rural Total: 04

Atmakur, Damera, Khanapur, Sangem

Warangal Urban Total: 01

Bheemadevarapalle

Addagudur, Bibinagar, Bommalaramaram, Mootakondur, Turkapalle M.

3.6. NDVI / NDWI / VCI Status

NDVI / NDWI / VCI Status as on 15/06/2018, Telangana

S. No District NDVI

Value

Average NDVI

NDWI Value

Average NDWI

VCI (NDVI)

VCI (NDWI)

Condition

1 Adilabad 0.253 0.234 0.024 -0.220 54.81 67.37 Normal

2 Bhadradri Kothagudem 0.342 0.336 0.096 -0.331 60.65 51.80 Normal

3 Hyderabad 0.231 0.251 0.107 0.102 42.54 51.42 Mild

4 Jagtial 0.426 0.263 0.114 0.075 62.93 42.85 Normal

5 Jangaon 0.193 0.225 0.017 0.022 79.60 47.60 Normal

6 Jayashankar Bhupalpally 0.312 0.241 0.074 -0.202 83.36 78.65 Normal 7 Jogulamba Gadwal 0.256 0.227 0.005 -0.287 55.82 81.36 Normal

8 Kamareddy 0.267 0.264 0.025 0.004 49.59 20.24 Mild

9 Karimnagar 0.274 0.208 0.088 0.057 75.60 63.03 Normal

10 Khammam 0.348 0.342 0.123 -0.111 65.43 70.42 Normal

11 Komarambheem Asifabad 0.264 0.214 0.047 -0.262 74.94 78.90 Normal

12 Mahabubabad 0.315 0.290 0.053 0.053 64.95 40.36 Normal

13 Mahabubnagar 0.280 0.236 0.024 -0.082 65.70 47.73 Normal

14 Mancherial 0.280 0.216 0.057 -0.026 75.03 65.25 Normal

15 Medak 0.272 0.257 0.017 0.052 55.48 14.39 Mild

16 Medchal-Malkajgiri 0.319 0.269 0.102 0.082 71.06 44.35 Normal

17 Nagarkurnool 0.277 0.209 -0.005 -0.243 68.32 40.16 Normal

18 Nalgonda 0.298 0.230 0.060 -0.019 78.49 64.23 Normal

19 Nirmal 0.276 0.250 0.036 -0.079 60.64 54.06 Normal

20 Nizamabad 0.254 0.229 0.015 -0.012 63.60 26.35 Mild

21 Peddapalli 0.284 0.240 0.094 0.071 67.71 61.16 Normal

22 Rajanna Siricilla 0.273 0.213 0.009 0.016 73.65 38.97 Mild

23 Rangareddy 0.318 0.264 0.076 0.057 67.45 45.38 Normal

24 Sangareddy 0.300 0.279 0.104 -0.030 54.17 53.23 Mild

25 Siddipet 0.274 0.221 0.009 0.021 74.69 36.56 Mild

26 Suryapet 0.296 0.247 0.076 -0.059 77.48 59.37 Normal

27 Vikarabad 0.305 0.279 0.121 -0.036 53.80 69.40 Normal

28 Wanaparthy 0.271 0.213 0.033 0.037 63.29 32.42 Mild

29 Warangal Rural 0.337 0.283 0.088 0.056 81.21 59.70 Normal

30 Warangal Urban 0.338 0.259 0.121 0.067 87.49 71.58 Normal

31 Yadadri Bhongir 0.311 0.222 0.054 0.038 83.87 48.11 Normal

*VCI>=60 (Normal), VCI>=40 (Mild), VCI>=20 (Moderate), VCI<20 (Severe) Table.6 District wise NDVI / NDWI / VCI Status

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 21 4. Conclusions

Highlights of seasonal conditions at the end of First Fortnight of June 2018 are as follows:

 32 and 82 Mandals of state received large Deficient and Deficient rainfall respectively.

 97 Mandals received Normal rainfall in State.

 102 and 271 Mandals of state received Excess and Large Excess rainfall in State respectively.

 Mandal wise analysis by the end of First Fortnight of June 2018 indicated “Normal”

agricultural situation in 484 Mandals, 100 Mandals are in "Watch" category.

References

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, 2009, Manual for Drought Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi.

http://drought.unl.edu/portals/0/docs/international/GovtIndiaDroughtManual.pdf

Department of Agriculture, 2017, Season and Crop Coverage Report, Kharif - 2017, Govt. of Telangana

Kogan FN, 1995, Droughts of late 1980s in the USA as derived from NOAA polar orbiting satellite data, Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 76: 655-668

Malingreau JP, 1986, Global vegetation dynamics: Satellite observations over Asia, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 7: 1121-1146.

Tucker CJ and Chowdhary BJ, 1987, Satellite remote sensing of drought conditions, Remote Sensing of Environment, 23: 243-251

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 23

ANNEXURE I

District Wise Maps Showing Watch Mandals

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 25

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 27

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 28

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 29

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 30

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 31

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 32

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 33

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 35

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 36

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 37

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 38

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 39

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 40

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 41

Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (First Fortnight of June, 2018) 43