Integrated Control Methods for Safeguarding Archival Materials

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Integrated Control Methods for Safeguarding Archival Materials

Dr. Abduraheem K.

Department of Museology, AMU, ALIGARH

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Safeguarding of Archival Material

Its a broad concept beyond the conventional methods of preventive and curative conservation.

It not only deal with care and storage of

organic materials but also all possible methods

including the material conservation into

electronic version e.g. digitization of objects

and offside storage.

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Major Challenges

Biological factors

Physical factors

Chemical factors

Pollution

Lack of knowledge regarding preventive conservation

Mishandling

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Bionomics of Bookworm Infestation on Archival Materials

continue

Lifecycle of Bookworm

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Adult Insect

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Why the infestation reoccure

Recurrence of infestation is a major problem.

The fumigation treatment only kill larvae or adult but not affect the eggs. It usually may hatch out into larvae& re infestation starts after one or two months.

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Physical factors

Biological Factors

Lack of preventive measure

Causes of Deterioration

Causes of Deterioration

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Collection more than 100 years old in the library of Oxford University

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Professionals Responsibility:

The Preventive Conservation

Professionals of museum, archives and libraries should know the techniques of preventive conservation.

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Control Strategies

Integrated pest control

Quarantine strategies for collection

Holistic programme for IPC

Adopt latest technologies

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IPC?

Integrated Pest Control (IPC) is the general term used for pest control programs in many museums and other institutions. IPC focuses on preventive and curative techniques using physical and chemical barriers against the pest entry, survival & proliferation.

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IPC is a valid operational strategy for managing pest problems.

IPC for any institute employs a variety of

techniques to prevent and solve pest problems

in an efficient and environmentally sound

manner without compromising the safety of

collections, staff or visitors.

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Need of IPC

As there is no single method known to scientists who could design for ever lasting sollution to challenge posted

IPC is a constant assessment, to design a program strategy which consist the whole problem of insect pests in an institution and their control.

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Components of IPC

Inspection

Identification of problem

Environmental control

Good house keeping

Quarantine treatment

Monitoring

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A Holistic View of IPC

STORED COLLECTION TREATED SOIL

INSECT REPELLENT

SERVICE AREA RH = 65%, T= + 22 °C

ABSORBENT STORAGE CABINET

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

PUBLIC AREA ABSORBENT &

REPELLENTS

LIGHT INTENSITY

ELECTRONIC DEVICES

APPLICATION OF

RADIATIONS

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Quarantine Strategy for a Collection

OBJECTOBJECT INSPECTINSPECT OKOK

SUSPECTSUSPECT EVIDENCE OF ACTIVE INFESTATIONEVIDENCE OF ACTIVE INFESTATION INTO MUSEUM OR STOREINTO MUSEUM OR STORE

ISOLATEISOLATE

QUARANTINEQUARANTINE INSPECTINSPECT

OKOK STILL ALIVESTILL ALIVE

TO STORE OR MUSEUMTO STORE OR MUSEUM OKOK

SUSPECT SURVIVALSUSPECT SURVIVAL

INSPECTINSPECT TREATMENTTREATMENT

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Advancements in IPC

ADVANCEMENT IN

IPC RESEARCH ON

TRADITIONAL METHODS

APPLICATION OF

RADIATIONS CHEMICAL

TREATMENT

ELECTRONIC DEVICES USE OF

ENZYMES

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Treatment Method Comparison

Method Advantages Disadvantages

Freezing Kills adult stages of insects, No harmful

residual effects.

Difficult to kill eggs. Hard to treat large objects labor

intensive.

Ethylene oxide

Kills adult stages of insects.

Harmful to humans. Does not effectively kill eggs.

Has restricted use.

Methyl bromide

Kills adult stages of insects.

Harmful to humans, animal and environment. Has very

restricted use.

Aluminum phosphide

Kills adult stages of insects.

Products harmful

Phosphine. Poisonous. Has restricted use.

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Heat Kill adult insects if high enough temperatures are

reached.

Difficult to kill eggs. May alter or damage materials.

Dry cleaning

Kills adult stages of insects.

Difficult to kill eggs. May alter or damage materials.

Non- chemical

Kills adult, larvae and eggs. No harmful residues

left behind. Can treat small and large objects.

Non-damaging to materials being treated.

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Traditional Methods

Neem products

Cedar oil

Pyrethrum flower

Clove oil

Tulsi etc

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Application of Radiations

Gamma Rays & Microwaves

Both gives good result .

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Use of Enzymes

Enzyme based compounds for non-toxic biological control of insects. Enzymes are safe, non-toxic alternatives to pesticides.

How Enzyme Works? Enzyme cleaner digests insect's waxy cuticle on contact and dismantles their exoskeleton-effectively forcing insects into immediate molting in which the protective shell is stripped.

Why Use Enzyme? Enzyme control is non-toxic and safe for people and the environment, pesticides are not. Enzyme is a desirable alternative to pesticide control because it relies on physical biology rather than on toxic substances to achieve success.

Enzyme control is universal in range-all insects are affected by enzyme-enzyme works for any pest problem encountered.

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Technical Devices

Building Building

Recording devices Recording

devices

Pavement sensors Pavement

sensors

Embedded sensors Embedded

sensors

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Pavement & Embedded Sensors

Embedded sensors can be install on windows, doors and other open parts.

These devices catch out the entry of insect pests on the floor, doors, window and showcases.

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Digital Sensor Alarm System

Now a days different types of digital security alarm system are available in market. we can modify it according to our requirement.

Different types of alarm systems helps in recognizing different species of insects.

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Insect Pest Trapping Systems

Insect pest can be trapped by these devices. It is easy to install, and gives the outstanding results.

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Digitization of Archival Material

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Digitalization and Offsite Storage

We have to make the whole archive, into the e- archive (digitalized), So we can safeguard the information and knowledge of the for long period.

In the offsite storage one can store the digitized version of manuscripts in different places including websites. It is helpful in dissemination of knowledge benefited to large number of users.

By using this method we can secure it from different type of destructions..

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Natural Disasters and Calamities

Earthquake

Flood

Fire

Tsunami

Heavy rain

Acid rain

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Conclusion

Integrated pest control: As there is no single method known to scientists who could design for ever lasting solution to challenge posed.

We have to adopt long term strategies and there fore it become imperative to adopt an integrated control methods by using all available methods & techniques, as the use of single methods may become ineffective in long runs because of reoccurrence of infestation.

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Prevention is Better Than Cure” Prevention is Better Than Cure”

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Figure

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