Course Number: BOM955, Course Title: BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT INDUSTRY

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DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY (FACULTY OF SCIENCE)

COURSE LIST & SYLLABUS: 2017-18 Course

Number Course Title Credits End Sem.

Exam.Exists Theory/

Practical

ESC191 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 2.0 No T

BOA101 ECOSYSTEM AND ITS DYMANICS 3.0 Yes T

BOH101 BOTANY THEORY 3.0 Yes T

BOH102 BOTANY PRACTICAL 3.0 Yes P

BOH181 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 3.0 Yes T

BOW101 BOTANICAL GARDEN & HERBAL TECHNOLOGY I 2.0 No P

BOW102 WORK EXPERIENCE-DAIRY PRODUCTS I 2.0 No P

BOW103 MODERN CROP PRODUCTION TECH. I 2.0 No P

BOW104 TECHQ.IN CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1 2.0 No P

BOW105 BIOFERTILIZERS I 2.0 No P

BOW107 PROT.PROD.TECH.:MUSHROOM&SPIR.CUL. 2.0 No P

BOM101 ALGAE AND LICHENS 2.0 Yes T

BOM102 FUNGI AND PLANT PATHOLOGY 2.0 Yes T

BOM103 PRACTICAL 4.0 Yes P

BOM104 SEMINAR & GROUP DISCUSSION 0.5 No P

BOH231 BOTANY-THEORY 3.0 Yes T

BOH232 BOTANY-PRACTICAL 3.0 Yes P

BOH251 BOTANY-THEORY 3.0 Yes T

BOH252 BOTANY-PRACTICAL 3.0 Yes P

BOW201 BOTANICAL GARDEN& HERBAL TECHNOL.II 2.0 No P

BOW202 WORK EXPERIENCE-DAIRY PRODUCTS II 2.0 No P

BOW203 MODERN CROP PRODUCTION TECH. II 2.0 No P

BOW204 TECHQ.IN CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2 2.0 No P

BOW205 BIOFERTILIZERS II 2.0 No P

BOW207 PROT.PROD.TECH.:MUSHROOM&SPIR.CUL. 2.0 No P

BOM201 BACTERIA, VIRUS AND MYCOPLASMA 2.0 Yes T

BOM202 CELL BIOLOGY 2.0 Yes T

BOM301 BRYOPHYTA 3.0 Yes T

BOM302 PTERIDOPHYTA 3.0 Yes T

BOM303 GYMNOSPERMS & PALAEOBOTANY 3.0 Yes T

BOM401 ANATOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS 3.0 Yes T

BOM402 BIOMOLECULES 3.0 Yes T

BOM403 TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS 3.0 Yes T

BOM501 TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS 4.0 Yes T

BOM502 CYTOGENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING 4.0 Yes T

BOM503 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM504 ECOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM601 MICROBIOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM602 EMBRYOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

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BOM701 ALGAE, FUNGI AND PLANT DISEASES 4.0 Yes T

BOM703 CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM704 ECOLOGY I 4.0 Yes T

BOM705 PRACTICAL I 4.0 Yes P

BOM706 PRACTICAL II 4.0 Yes P

BOM711 PLANT BIODIVERSITY 4.0 Yes T

BOM713 CELL BIOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM714 INTRODUCTORY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM801 INHERITANCE BIOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM802 PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY 4.0 Yes T

BOM803 ECOLOGY II 4.0 Yes T

BOM804 TAXONOMY 4.0 Yes T

BOM805 PRACTICAL I 4.0 Yes P

BOM806 PRACTICAL II 4.0 Yes P

BOM811 GENETICS 4.0 Yes T

BOM812 PLANT METABOLISM, GROWTH & DEVELOP. 4.0 Yes T

BOM813 CELL,TISSUE CULTURE& DIFFERENTIAT. 4.0 Yes T

BOM814 BIOINFORMATICS & BIOSTATISTICS 4.0 Yes T

BOM001 BASIC RES. METH., SC.COMPUT. & ANAL. 4.0 Yes T

BOM002 PRE-DISSERTATION 4.0 No P

BOM901 DISSERTATION 12.0 Yes P

BOM902 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM903 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION & MNGT. 4.0 Yes T

BOM904 BIOLOGY OF REPROD. OF ANGIOSPERMS 4.0 Yes T

BOM905 PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION& CONSER. 4.0 Yes T

BOM906 MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES 4.0 Yes T

BOM907 GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 4.0 Yes T

BOM908 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM911 PRIN.&APPL. OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM912 MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

BOM951 DISSERTATION I 8.0 Yes P

BOM952 DISSERTATION II 16.0 Yes P

BOM953 SELF STUDY COURSE 4.0 Yes P

BOM954 ADV. SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY& ANALYSIS 4.0 Yes T

BOM955 BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT INDUSTRY 4.0 Yes T

BOM956 ORGANIC FARMING 4.0 Yes T

BOM957 AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS 4.0 Yes T

BOM958 INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 4.0 Yes T

*BOA101 ELECTIVE COURSE

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Course No.: ESC131/151/161/171/181/191/281 Course Title: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Class: BA/BCom/BSc/BTech/BBM/BEd, Status of Course: CORE COURSE, Approved since session: 2015-16 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-2+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:26

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Origin of Earth, Natural resources (soil, water, air, flora and fauna). Use, Over-exploitation and

degradation of the natural resources. Case studies relating to the above aspects.

UNIT 2: ECOSYSTEMS

Structure and function of an ecosystem. Different types of ecosystems (Forest, Grassland, Desert,

Aquatic etc.), Ecological succession , Food chain, Food Webs, Ecological pyramids.

UNIT 3: BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION

Value of biodiversity. India as a mega-biodiversity Nation. Threats to biodiversity. Methods of conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT 4: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution, noise pollution consumerism and waste generation.

Control measures for urban and industrial wastes. Environmental Protection Act. Legislation and

public policy, Bioremediation.

UNIT 5: ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL ISSUES

From unsustainable to sustainable development case studies. Environmental ethics. Human population and Environment and Human health Status report on environmental issues related to natural resource management and socio-economic conditions.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad – 380013, India Heywood, V. H & Watson, R. T. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge Univ. Press 1140p.

Jadhav, H & Bhosale, V. M. 1995. Environmental Science Protection and Laws. Himalaya Pub. House, Delhi 284 p.

Odum, E. P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W. B. Saunders Co. USA, 574p Townsend C., Harper J, and Michael Begon, Essentials of Ecology, Blackwell Science

Wanger K. D., 1998 Environmental Management. W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA 499 p.

Course No.: BOA101, Course Title: ECOSYSTEM AND ITS DYMANICS

Class: BA/Home Sc./B.Sc./B.Tech./ So.Sc., Status of Course: ELECTIVE, Approved since session:2016-17 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:39

UNIT 1: ECOLOGY OF PLANTS COMMUNITY & DYNAMICS [8 pds]

Definition, scope and relationship with other sciences, Plant community, Analytical and synthetic characters of plant community; Eco tone and edge effect. Community structure and dynamics (plant succession), Climatic climax, Climax concepts.

UNIT 2: ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOTIC INTERACTIONS [8 pds]

Tropic organization; autotrophy; Heterophy; Symbiosis; Food chains; Webs; Ecological pyramids.

UNIT 3: RESPONSE OF PLANT TO STRESS CONDITIONS [8 pds]

Hydrophytes, Xerophytes and Halophytes. Their morphological, anatomical and physiological adaptations.

UNIT 4: IMPORTANCE OF SOIL [8 pds]

ITS origin; formation and composition; Physical, chemical and biological components of soil; soil profile. Conservation of soil: Types of soil conservation, environmental pollution with examples of Air, water, soil.

UNIT 5: BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES [8 pds]

Water, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Aforestation, Social forestry and Agro forestry, Renewable and non renewable resources: Sun, Wind, Geo thermal, Coal, Bio-energy.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Anantha Krishna: BIORESOURCES ECOLOGY Ambasht RS: ATEXT BOOK OF PLANT ECOLOGY Goldenberg et al: ENERGY FOR A SUITABLE WORLD Gusain PPS: RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA

Mishra KC: MANUAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY Kumar HD: MODERN CONCEPT OF ECOLOGY

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Course Number: BOH101, Course Title: BOTANY THEORY

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: HALF COURSE, Approved since session: 1998-1999 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:39

UNIT 1 [8 pds]

The Plant Kingdom, various disciplines of plant Sciences, Classification (Ostwald & Tippo), Diagnostic features and economic importance of locally available families.

UNIT 2 [8 pds]

Economic Botany, Fibres, Beverages, Medicinal plants. A General account and importance of important plant groups. Propagation (Seed and Vegetative) and Cultivation of economic plants.

UNIT 3 [8 pds]

Cell structure (E.M.),Chemical composition of protoplasm, cell wall, plasma membrane, cell organelles-Structure and their functions, Enzymes and hormones, DNA, RNA, Structure and functions. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.

UNIT 4: ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT [8 pds]

Introduction. Response of plants to stress conditions: Hydrophytes, Xerophytes and Halophytes.

Conservation of Soil. Global Pollution: Air, Water, Soil, Noise and Radioactive. Resources and their conservation: Afforestation, Wild life Management.

UNIT 5: PHYSIOLOGY [7 pds]

Structure and function of cell membrane, Absorption of water and minerals, Macro and Micronutrients, Ascent of Sap, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Fermentation, Plant Growth.

Course Number: BOH102, Course Title: BOTANY PRACTICAL

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: HALF COURSE, Approved since session: 1998-1999 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:5(L-0+T-0+P/S-5), Min.pds./sem.:65 Botany practical based on the course BOH101.

Course Number: BOH181, Course Title: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Class:B.Sc. Engg., Status of Course: NFH COURSE, Approved since session: 2003-2004 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:39

UNIT 1 [8 pds]

Definition Environment, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere. Biomass and productivity; Energy Flow.

UNIT 2 [8 pds]

Conservation & Management of Environment; Biodiversity. Organizations. and movements involved in conservation of Environment. National and International Laws and Conventions.

UNIT 3 [8 pds]

Pollution of air, water and soil and its abatement.

UNIT 4 [8 pds]

Environment and physiological adaptations in animals and man.

UNIT 5 [7 pds]

Biotechnology and Environment. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Protection (IPP).

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Sharma PD: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY Gupta PK: BIOTECHNOLOGY

Ambast RS: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT Hester RE: UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT

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Course Number: BOW101, Course Title: BOTANICAL GARDEN&HERBAL TECHNOLOGY-I Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2017-2018

Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-0+T-0+P/S-2), Min.pds./sem.:26 1. Botanical Garden - Importance and utility in public welfare and botanical studies.

2. Preparation of flower beds, seed beds and pots for growing seasonal and perennial ornamentals, shrubs, climbers, Roses, Cacti etc.

3. Layout and designing of a garden and lawns.

4. Soil - Importance and methods of making soil more fertile. Soil characteristics and types, tillage, drainage, manuring, application of fertilizers and weeding.

5. Knowledge of compost and common fertilizers, Vermicomposting

6. Identification of some important plant diseases and pests of garden plants.

7. Propagation by Layering- Air Layering or Gootee, mound layering, runner etc.

8. Collection and preservation of seeds, fruits, flowers and bulbs.

9. Cultivation of seasonal ornamental plants of rainy and winter season such as Balsam, Chrysenthemum, Dahlia etc.

10. Vegetative plant propagation - cutting, grafting, budding etc.

11. Pots and containers, different shapes and size, polythene bags, potting and repotting.

12. Bonsai culture of shrubs and trees, selection of plants, containers, shaping, dwarfing techniques, care and importance.

13. Cacti and succulents-their cultivation and care.

14. Green house and indoor plants-their cultivation and care.

15. Hedges-Planting detail, raising from seeds and cuttings, pruning, clipping and shaping.

16. Climbers, uses of climbers, propagation, support and case of climbers.

17. Knowledge and identification of the ornamental and economic trees, shrubs and climbers of the city.

18. Identification and knowledge of locally occurring medicinal plants, utility and cultivation.

19. Visit of local and nearby botanical gardens, nurseries, gardens and submission of report.

Course Number: BOW102, Course Title: WORK EXPERIENCE-DAIRY PRODUCTS I (INDIGENOUS DAIRY PRODUCTS-MANUFACTURING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS) Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2005-06 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-1+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:26 Theory

1. Acquaintance and upkeep of Dairy and its appliances.

2. Milk, its composition and constituents, place of milk and its products in diets of Indian population. Classification of milk and milk products.

3. Adulteration in milk, synthetic milk its effect on human system.

4. Traditional milk products-Khoa, Chenna/Paneer, Dahi, Srikhand, Flavoured milk.

Practical

1. Detection of adulteration of milk, pasteurization, standardization of milk.

2. Preparation of Khoa, Chenna/Paneer, Dahi, Srikhand in laboratory.

3. Sterilization of milk in bottles.

4. Estimation of Fat, SNF, acidity in milk and milk products.

5. Separation of casein, albumen and detection of preservatives from milk.

6. Cleaning of dairy and dairy utencils.

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Course Number: BOW103 Course Title: MODERN CROP PRODUCTION TECH. I Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2006-07 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-1+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:26 Disease and Pest Management II: Kharif Crops

1. Field Survey, Study of Symptoms and identification of major fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases of Rabi crop plants.

2. Collection of diseased plant parts, prepartion of anatomical/fungal permanent slides.

3. Study the microbiological techniques for the culture of causal microorganisms.

4. Field survey, collection and identification of insects and phytonematodes fauna of Kharif crops and estimate the crop damage caused by insects.

Course Number: BOW104 Course Title: TECHQ.IN CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1 Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2006-07 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-1+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:26 General Laboratory Techniques.

Theory: Laboratory practices and maintenance. Instrumentation. Buffers and solutions.

Practical: (i) To measure pH of plant juices by different methods (ii) To prepare buffer solutions (iii) Preparation of solutions.

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Course Number: BOW105 Course Title: BIOFERTILIZERS I

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2009-10 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-1+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:26 Course contents:

1. Identification of BGA from rice field ecosystem.

2. Physico-chemical analysis of soil.

3. Isolation, purification, enumeration and maintenance of BGA.

4. Measurement of chlorophyll as index of algal growth.

5. Idetification of Azolla species. Maintenance and production of Azolla inoculum.

Course Number: BOW107 Course Title: PROT.PROD.TECH.:MUSHROOM&SPIR.CUL.

1. History and Biology of Mushroom and Spirulina Production 2. Sterilization Techniques and Culture Maintenance Techniques 3. Scale up and Maintenance of Primary Cultures

4. Substrate Preparation

5. Preparation and Product Development of Button Mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus)

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Course Number: BOM101, Course Title: ALGAE AND LICHENS

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2016-17 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-2+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:26

UNIT 1 [5 pds]

Introduction, general characters, Range of thallus organization, comparison between Algae and fungi, classification and pigments in Algae, Reserve food (of only groups represented in syllabus), structure and life cycle of Chlamydomonas.

UNIT 2 [5 pds]

Life cycle of Volvox, Oedogonium, Chara, Vaucheria.

UNIT 3 [5 pds]

Life cycle of Ectocarpus, Sargassum, Polysiphonia and general account of blue green algae.

UNIT 4 [5 pds]

General Character of Various Classes of Algae, Economic importance of algae: Algae as food; in Industries; in Public health, Role of algae in Nitrogen fixation.

UNIT 5 [6 pds]

General account; Nature of the Relationship between Algae and Fungi in Lichens, Classification, Structure, Reproduction, ecology of algae and economic importance of Lichens.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Smith GM: CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY VOL. I Vashistha BR: ALGAE

Pandey SN & PS Trivedi: TEXT BOOK OF BOTANY VOL. I

Saxena AK and RP Sarabhai: TEXT BOOK OF BOTANY VOL. I Lee, RE: PHYCOLOGY

Course Number: BOM102, Course Title: FUNGI AND PLANT PATHOLOGY Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2016-17 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-2+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:26

UNIT 1 [5 pds]

Introduction to true Fungi: Morphology, thallus organization; cell wall composition Nutrition, Reproduction and Classification Status & Interrelationships, Modern Concept of Phylogenetic classification of fungi.

UNIT 2 [5 pds]

Structure, Reproduction and Life Histories of Allied Fungi: General Account of Slime moulds [Myxomycota]: types of plasmodia and fruiting bodies. Life cycle of Albugo; Pythium [Oomycota]

including diseases caused by them, symptoms, Etiology and control measures.

UNIT 3 [5 pds]

Structure, Reproduction and Life Histories of True Fungi: Life cycle of Synchytrium [Chytridiomycota]; Rhizopus [Zygomycota] Saccharomyces; Aspergillus; Penicillium; Alternaria;

Peziza; Morchella [Ascomycota] including diseases caused by Synchytrium and Alternaria.

Symptoms, Etiology and control measures. Degeneration of sex in Ascomycota, Discovery and role of antibiotics.

UNIT 4 [5 pds]

Structure, Reproduction and Life Histories of True Fungi: Life cycle of Puccinia; Ustilago; Agaricus [Basidiomycota] including diseases caused by them, Symptoms, Etiology and control measures.

UNIT 5 [6 pds]

Special Topics-Principles of plant diseases control, Role of fungicides in modern agriculture, Diseases Resistant varieties. Heterothallism, Economic importance of fungi, Edible fungi.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Bessey EA: MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF FUNGI Alexopoulos CJ: INTRODUCTORY MYCOLOGY

Macdonald JA: INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY Chopra GL: A TEXT BOOK OF FUNGI

Walker EJ: PLANT PATHOLOGY Mehrotra RS: PLANT PATHOLOGY

Sharma OP: INTRODUCTORY FUNGI Vashishta BR: FUNGI

Pandey SN & Trivedi PS: TEXT BOOK OF BOTANY VOL. I

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Course Number: BOM103, Course Title: PRACTICAL

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2009-10 Total Credits:4, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Min.pds./sem.:52 Botany practical based on the courses BOM101 & BOM102.

1. Algae: Microscopic preparation/ examination through permanent slides of following algal materials- Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Oedogonium, Chara, Vaucheria, Ectocarpus, Sargassum, Polysiphonia and Nostoc

2. Lichens: Different kinds of lichens and their structure through museum specimens.

3. Fungi: Microscopic preparation/ examination through permanent slides of following fungal materials- Synchytrium, Pythium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Albugo, Yeast, Eurotium (Aspergillus), Penicillium, Peziza, Ustilago on cereals, Puccinia on alternate host, Agaricus and Alternaria.

4. Plant diseases: symptoms, causal organism and control of following diseases- White rust of Crucifers, Black wart of potato, Covered smut of barley, Loose smut of wheat, Early blight of potato.

Course Number: BOM104, Course Title: SEMINAR & GROUP DISCUSSION Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 1998-1999 Total Credits:0.5, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:1(L-0+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:13 SEMINAR & GROUP DISCUSSION based on the courses BOM101 and BOM102.

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Course Number: BOH231/251, Course Title: BOTANY-THEORY

Class:B.A./BHSc/BA(SS), Status of Course: NF HALF COURSE, Approved since session: 1998-1999 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:39

UNIT 1 [8 pds]

The Plant Kingdom, various disciplines of plant Sciences, classification (Ostwald & Tippo), Diagnostic features and economic importance of locally available families.

UNIT 2 [8 pds]

Economic Botany, Fibres, Beverages, Medicinal plants. A General account and importance of important plant groups. Propagation (Seed and Vegetative) and Cultivation of economic plants.

UNIT 3 [8 pds]

Cell structure (E.M.),Chemical composition of protoplasm, cell wall, plasma membrane, cell organelles-Structure and their functions, Enzymes and hormones, DNA, RNA, Structure and functions. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.

UNIT 4: ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT [8 pds]

Introduction. Response of plants to stress conditions: Hydrophytes, Xerophytes and Halophytes.

Conservation of Soil. Global Pollution: Air, Water, Soil, Noise and Radioactive. Resources and their conservation: Afforestation, Wild life Management.

UNIT 5: PHYSIOLOGY [7 pds]

Structure and function of cell membrane, Absorption of water and minerals, Macro and Micronutrients, Ascent of Sap, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Fermentation, Plant Growth.

Course Number: BOH232/252, Course Title: BOTANY-PRACTICAL

Class:B.A./BHSc/BA(SS), Status of Course: NF HALF COURSE, Approved since session: 1998-1999 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:5(L-0+T-0+P/S-5), Min.pds./sem.:65

Botany practical based on the course BOH251.

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Course Number: BOW201, Course Title: BOTANICAL GARDEN& HERBAL TECHNOL.II Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2017-18

Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-0+T-0+P/S-2), Min.pds./sem.:26 1. Herbal medicine, Importance and Scope.

2. Systematic position of herb.

3. Identification and knowledge of locally occurring medicinal plants (Herbs) utility and cultivation.

4. Identification of medicinal plants (Shrubs) utility and cultivation.

5. Identification of medicinal plants (Trees) utility and cultivation.

6. Identification of medicinal plants (climbers) utility and cultivation.

7. Harvesting, processing and storage of medicinal plants.

8. Bioactive principles of medicinal plants.

9. Oil extraction and testing.

10. Micro propagation some of medicinal plants .

Course Number: BOW202, Course Title: WORK EXPERIENCE-DAIRY PRODUCTS II (LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT AND NUTRITION)

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2005-06 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-1+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:26 Modern Dairy Products

A-Importance of cattle in Indian economy, important breads of cows and buffaloes, Livestock Management Principles related to-

(a) Housing-design of cattle shed, side, ventilation, lighting, water supply, requirement of domestic animals.

(b) Cleaning and disinfection.

(c) Care of milk, cows and newly born calves and old dry animals.

B-Nutritional requirement of livestock, nutrients in feeds (water, protein, energy, minerals and vitamins etc.)

(a) Evaluation of feed (grain, oilcakes, by-products and roughages, classification & nutritive values of fodder and feed stuff of India.

(b) Feeding of livestock and ration formulation.

Practical

1. Visit of cattle section, acquaintance with important breads of cows, buffaloes, sires of Gaushala.

2. Understanding of Cattle housing in different categories-(pregnant, calf shed, diseased ward etc.) 3. Cleaning of cattle yard, general sanitation, disinfection of premises by using lime etc.

4. Handling and examination of living cattle to estimate their age, milking qualities, judging by score cards systems.

5. Keeping dairy records-balance sheet, profit and loss account, correspondence, daily/weekly reports of milk and cream, transaction with banks etc.

6. Practice in computation of ration for livestock in different categories (milch, dried, pregnant).

7. Preparation, mixing and distribution of cattle feeds.

Course Number: BOW203 Course Title: MODERN CROP PRODUCTION TECH. II Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2006-07 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-1+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:26 Disease and Pest Management II: Rabi Crops

1. Field Survey, Study of Symptoms and identification of major fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases of Rabi crop plants.

2. Collection of diseased plant parts, prepartion of anatomical/fungal permanent slides.

3. Study the microbiological techniques for the culture of causal microorganisms.

4. Field survey, collection and identification of insects and phytonematodes fauna of Rabi crops and estimate the crop damage caused by insects.

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Course Number: BOW204 Course Title: TECHQ.IN CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2 Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2006-07 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-1+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:26 Cytological Techniques:

Theory: Stains for study of chromosomes. Differential staining of chromatin. Microscopy.

Practical: (i) Squash and smear preparations of chromosomes. Preparation of permanent slides. (ii) Fuelgen staining and banding technique of chromosomes (iii) Heamocytometer. Use of state and ocular micrometer.

Course Number: BOW205 Course Title: BIOFERTILIZERS II

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: WORK EXPERIENCE, Approved since session: 2009-10 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-1+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:26 Course Contents:

1. Preservation techniques for BGA.

2. Production of BGA biofertilizers.

3. Testing the quality of soil-based, straw-based, Multani & Mitti-based BGA biofertilizers.

4. Maintenance of Azolla and production of inoculum.

Course Number: BOW207 Course Title: PROT.PROD.TECH.:MUSHROOM&SPIR.CUL.

1. Study of Environmental Conditions 2. Disease and Pest Management

3. Incubation, Harvesting, Storing and Utilization 4. Quality Testing, Packing and Marketing

5. Preparation and Product Development of Oyster Mushroom and Spirulina sps, etc.

Course Number: BOM201, Course Title: BACTERIA, VIRUS AND MYCOPLASMA Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2016-2017 Total Credits:2, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:2(L-2+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:26

UNIT 1: BACTERIA [5 pds]

Definition, salient features, classification and distribution, morphological and chemical composition of bacterial cell, Gram reaction, nutrition. Types: Archaebacteria; eubacteria & wall less forms;

Reproduction; Vegetative, asexual and recombination in bacteria. Economic importance of bacteria with reference to their role in agriculture and industry [fermentation and medicine].

UNIT 2: VIRUS [5 pds]

Definition, Nature and characteristics of viruses; Brief historical account pertaining to discovery of viruses; Symptoms caused by viruses; Transmission of viruses.

UNIT 3 [5 pds]

Physical properties, Morphology of viruses and chemical composition, TMV, general account of bacteriophage, disease caused by viruses with special reference to plants.

UNIT 4: MYCOPLASMA [5 pds]

Definition, characteristics, classification and composition. Economic importance of Mycoplasma.

Spheroplasts.

UNIT 5: CYANOBACTERIA [6 pds]

Definition, salient features, and morphological and chemical composition. Economic importance of Cyanobacteria as food.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Dube HC: A TEXT BOOK OF FUNGI, BACTERIA AND VIRUS Buchanan RE & Buchanan ED: BACTERIOLOGY

Plezer MJ and Reid RD: MICROBIOLOGY Sharma PD: MICROBIOLOGY

Walter WG and McBee RH: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY Smith KM: PLANT VIRUSES

Stevenson GB: THE BIOLOGY OF FUNGI, BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

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Course Number: BOM202, Course Title: CELL BIOLOGY

UNIT 1 [5 pds]

Cell as a unit of structure and function; Structure and evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Origin of cell: Endosymbiotic and other theories.

UNIT 2 [5 pds]

Organization and function of Cell wall; Plasma membrane; Membrane transport- Passive, active and facilitated transport, endocytosis and exocytosis; Endomembrane system. Endoplasmic reticulum;

Golgi apparatus; Lysosomes; Peroxisomes and Ribosomes.

UNIT 3 [5 pds]

Organization and function of : Chloroplast; Mitochondrion Semiautonomous nature of Chloroplast and Mitochondrion and Nucleus: Nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex, nuclear lamina, molecular organization of chromatin; Nucleus.

UNIT 4 [5 pds]

(a) The cell cycle (b) Mitosis and meiosis Regulation of cell cycle-check points (c) Cytoskeleton role and structure of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediary filament.

UNIT 5 [6 pds]

(a) Chromosome structure, chemistry and function (b) Identification of genetic material; DNA structure and replication; Genetic code

SUGGESTED READINGS:

De Roberts ED et.al.: CELL BIOLOGY Gardner EJ and Snustad DP: PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS

Hopkins CR: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS Lewin B: GENES

Watson JD et.al.: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE GENE

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2009-10 Total Credits:4, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:4(L-0+T-0+P/S-4), Min.pds./sem.:52 Botany practical based on the courses BOM201 and BOM202.

BACTERIA, VIRUS, MYCOPLASMA

1. Preparation and sterilization culture media.

2. To determine the shape and size of bacteria.

3. To study the ultra structure of bacterial cell, endospore with the help of E.M.

4. Gram’s staining of given bacterial culture.

5. Examination and study of the microorganisms present in curd.

6. Study of plant diseases caused by bacteria.

7. Study of plant diseases caused by Virus.

8. To study the ultra structure of Virus with the help of E.M.

9. To study the ultra structure of Mycoplasma with the help of E.M.

10. Study of plant diseases caused by mycoplasma.

11. Preparation of temporary slides of given microorganisms and its study by preparing sketches and comments.

CELL BIOLOGY

1. Study of the different designs of microscopes and their handling.

2. Preparation of temporary slides of procaryotic and eucaryotic cell types/ microrganisms using hanging drop method.

3. To calibrate the ocular micrometer for use in micrometery.

4. To study the cells and organelles through T.E.M. & SEM.

5. To measure the sizes of cell types, stomata, pollen, spores by using micrometry.

6. To study the different stages of mitosis in Allium cepa root tips by preparing cytological slides.

7. To study the different stages ofmeiosis in Allium cepa buds by preparing cytological slides.

8. To perform tests for identifying carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

9. To seperate chlorophyll pigments using paper- chromatography.

10. To study plasmolysis and cyclosis.

Course Number: BOM204, Course Title: SEMINAR & GROUP DISCUSSION Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 1998-1999

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Course Number: BOM301, Course Title: BRYOPHYTA

UNIT 1 [8 pds]

Introduction and criteria for classification. Recent systems of classification.

UNIT 2 [8 pds]

Comparative morphological and structural organisation of gametophytes and sporophytes, reproductive mechanisms and their significance, evolutionary trends, Adaption to land habit.

UNIT 3 [8 pds]

Detailed life cycles of Riccia, Marchantia, Pellia, Anthoceros, Sphagnum and Funaria, Porella.

UNIT 4 [8 pds]

Experimental studies: Spore germination, protonemal differentation, sex organ differentiation, parthenogenesis, apogamy, apospory, regeneration.

UNIT 5 [7 pds]

Ecology, Pollution indicators and monitoring; horticultural uses; economic importance; sterilization of the sporogenos tissue.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Parihar NS: AN INTRODUCTION TO EMBRYOPHYTA, BRYOPHYTA Smith Gilbert M: CRYPTOGANIC BOTANY VOL II

Pandey BP: A TEXT BOOK OF BRYOPHYTA Haupt: PLANT MORPHOLOGY

Singh V, Jain DK, Pandey PC: TEXT BOOK OF BOTANY

Kashyap SR: LIVERWORTS OF THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS AND THE PUNJAB PLAIN

Course Number: BOM302, Course Title: PTERIDOPHYTA

UNIT 1 [8 pds]

Classification of Pteridophytes; Life cycle with special reference to alternation of haploid and diploid phases of following: Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Isoetes, Equisetum and Marsilea.

UNIT 2 [8 pds]

Comparative organography, systematics reproduction and phylogeny of the following: Psilotales, Lycopodiales, Selaginellales, Isoetales, Equisetales and Marsileales, Angiopteridales.

UNIT 3 [8 pds]

Special Topics; Evolution of stele in Pteridophytes; Telome Theory

UNIT 4 [8 pds]

Heterospory and seed habit; Apospory, Apogamy, Parthenogenesis

UNIT 5 [7 pds]

Early land plants (Cooksonia and Rhynia)

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Smith GM: CRYPTOGANIC BOTANY VOL II Rashid A: AN INTRODUTION TO PTERIDOPHYTA

Parihar NS: PTERIDOPHYTA Sporne KR: THE MORPHOLOGY OF PTERIDOPHYTE

Vishishta BR: PTERIODOPHYTA Sharma OP: PTERIDOPHYTA

Gupta MN: COLLEGE BOTANY II

Chowdhry NP: THE PTERIDOPHYTE FLORA OF THE UPPER GANGETIC PLAIN.

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Course Number: BOM303, Course Title: GYMNOSPERMS & PALAEOBOTANY Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2000-01 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:39

UNIT 1 [8 pds]

(a) Salient features, classification, and distribution in India (b) Geological era (c) Formation and types of fossils.

UNIT 2 [8 pds]

Comparative morphology, anatomy and life history of the following order: Cycadales, Ginkgoales and Coniferales.

UNIT 3 [8 pds]

(a) Comparative morphology, anatomy and life history of taxa of order Gnetales (b) Economic importance of gymnosperms (include fossils also).

UNIT 4 [8 pds]

Phytochemistry of gymnosperms with specific reference to Carbohydrates (Sago) Lignins, resins, alkaloids (ephedrine) and other secondary metabolites and toxins (Taxol) etc.

UNIT 5 [7 pds]

Comparative morphology, anatomy and affinities of fossil order Pteridospermales, Bennettitales, Pentoxylales and Cordaitales.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Vashista BR: GYMNOSPERMS

Taylor TN: PALAEOBOTANY-AN INTRODUCTION TO FOSSIL PLANT BIOLOGY Stewart WN: PALAEOBOTANY AND THE EVOLUTION OF PLANTS

Sharma OP: GYMNOSPERMS

JOURNALS, ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH, BOTANICAL REVIEW, QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2009-10 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-0+T-0+P/S-3), Min.pds./sem.:39 Botany practical based on the courses BOM301, BOM302 and BOM303.

BRYOPHYTA

To study the vegetative, reproductive structures and sporophyte in Riccia, Marchantia, Pellia, Anthoceros, Sphagnum,

PTERIDOPHYTA

Study of morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures of vegetative and reproductive parts of following- Psilotum, Lycopodium, Equisetum, Isoetes, Selaginella and Marsilea.

GYMNOSPERMS

Study of morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures of vegetative and reproductive parts of following-Cycas (Leaflet, rachis, corolloid root, male cone, microsporophyll, female cone, megasporophyll, ovule), Pinus (Needle, dwarf shoot, stem-R.L.S., T.S. & T.L.S. male and female cone) Ephedra (Stem, male and female cone) Gnetum (Leaf, stem, male and female cone).

Fossil study through photographs and specimens of Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Williumsonia, Lyginopteris, Glossopteris, Cycadeoidea ,and Pentoxylon.

Course Number: BOM305, Course Title: SEMINAR & GROUP DISCUSSION Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 1998-1999 Total Credits:0.5, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:1(L-0+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:13 SEMINAR & GROUP DISCUSSION based on the courses BOM301, BOM302 and BOM303.

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Course Number: BOM401, Course Title: ANATOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2016-17 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:39

UNIT 1 [8 pds]

Scope and importance of the study of plant anatomy. Tissue structure, function and distribution of simple and complex tissue; Shoot apex, Apical cell theory, histogen theory, Tunica corpus theory and vascular meristem.

UNIT 2 [8 pds]

Anatomy of primary monocot and dicot roots; secondary growth in dicot roots; root hairs; Anatomy of monocot & dicot stem, secondary growth in stem. Sap wood and heart wood, ring and diffuse porous wood, early and late wood, tyloses.

UNIT 3 [8 pds]

Anatomy of monocot and dicot leaves, Trichomes, stomatal types and adaptations. Structure of periderm, development of periderm, lenticels, commercial cork.

UNIT 4 [8 pds]

Unusual structure and secondary growth in dicot, monocot stems and dicot roots.

UNIT 5 [7 pds]

Leaf fall and healing of wounds. Basic anatomical differences among hydrophytes, xerophytes, parasitic and epiphytic plants.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

K Esau: PLANT ANATOMY OF SEED PLANTS BP Pandey: PLANT ANATOMY

TS Tayal: PLANT ANATOMY G Haberlandt: PHYSIOLOGICAL PLANT ANATOMY

EL Stover: INTRODUCTION TO PLANT ANATOMY AS Foster: PLANT ANATOMY

Fahn: A. PLANT ANATOMY

Course Number: BOM402, Course Title: BIOMOLECULES

Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2011-12 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:52 UNIT 1

Concepts of free energy: Laws of thermodynamics and their relevance to organism; Bioenergetics:

energy transfers, redox potential, coupled reactions; ATP and high-energy compounds. Structure and properties of water, biological importance; pH and buffers

UNIT 2

Organic acids: types of organic acids in plants and their significance. Fatty acids, Fats and Lipids:

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; Saponifiable lipids: Neutral fats – structure of triglyceride;

basic structure and significance of glycerophosphatide, phospholipids, Plasmalogens, Sphingolipids, Glycolipids; Nonsaponifiable lipids: Terpenes and steroids. -oxidation of fatty acids.

UNIT 3

Carbohydrates: Classification – mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides; Aldoses and ketoses; on the basis of number of carbon atoms; straight chain and ring formula, significance; stereoisomers, epimers, enantiomers, anomers ( and ); ring formula of -D galactose, -D gluco pyranose; -D glucopyranose, -D fructofuranose, D-ribose, D-deoxyribose, N-actyl D–glucoseamine;

Disacchrides: structural formula of sucrose, lactose, maltose; Polysaccharaides: Types–

homo/heteropolysaccharides; Structural/storage; Inulin, starch (amylose and amylopectin), glycogen, cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin.

UNIT 4

Amino acids & Proteins: Structure, characteristics and type of amino acid; protein/nonprotein amino acids, essential and nonessential amino acids; D and L form; properties of amino acids; Significance of proline in the structure of protein, peptide bond; protein structure – primary, secondary and tertiary; Types of protein; significance of proteins; isoelectric point, techniques for protein purification, electrophoresis.

UNIT 5

Denaturation and renaturation of DNA; Gene expression in eukaryotes; Regulation of expression- in eukaryotes; Genetic engineering; RNAi concept and importance; Bioinformatics.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

T McKee & JR McKee: BIOCHEMISTRY, AN INTRODUCTION G Karp: CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

JD Watson, TA Baker, SP Bell, A Gann, M Levine & R Losick: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE GENE, Pearson Education Lehninger (Nelson & Cox): PRINCIPALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, WH Freeman & Co., New York.

JL Jain: FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.

B Lewin: GENES X, Oxford University Press

DE Krane & ML Rayme (2003): FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF BIOINFORMATICS, Pearson Education.

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Course Number: BOM403, Course Title: TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2016-17 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:39

UNIT 1 [8 pds]

Definition of taxonomy, aims and importance of taxonomy, different phases of taxonomy, general principles of classification given by Bentham and Hooker, Charles Edwin Bessey, Engler and Pranti and John Hutchinson. Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic systems of classification and their comparison, Alpha and Omega taxonomy.

UNIT 2 [8 pds]

Classification of Angiosperms as given by Bentham & Hooker, merits and demerits of the classification and its comparison with Englers & Prantl and John Hutchinson’s classification, Evolutionary trends in Angiospermic flower.

UNIT 3: POLYPETALAE [8 pds]

Detailed description of the families with examples and range in vegetative and reproductive structure; Papaveraceae, Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Leguminosae, Myrtaceae and Cucurbitaceae.

UNIT 4: GAMOPETALAE [8 pds]

Detailed description of the families with examples and range in vegetative and reproductive structure; Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae and Lamiaceae.

UNIT 5 : MONOCHLAMYDAE AND MONOCOTS [7 pds]

Detailed description of the families with examples and range in vegetative and reproductive structure; Euphorbiaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae, Poaceae.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

INTRODUCTION TO PRINCIPLES OF TAXOMONY: V.V. Sivarajan Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.N.D.

TEXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS : V. Singh & D.K. Jain, Rasogi Publication, Meerut ANGIOSPERMS: G.L. Chopra PLANT SYSTEMATICS: Michael G. Simpson(2006) TEXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS : Prof T. Pullaiah PLANT TAXONOMY : B.P. Pandey, S. Chand & Co.

PLANT TAXONOMY: N.S. Subrahmanyam

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Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2009-10 Total Credits:3, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-0+T-0+P/S-3), Min.pds./sem.:39 Botany practical based on the courses BOM401, BOM402 and BOM403.

ANATOMY

Microscopic preparations ( temporary, double stained) and study of stem anatomy of following- Achyranthus, Boerhaavia, tinospora, Nyctanthes, Bignonia, Salvadora, Leptaenia and Dracaena.

EMBRYOLOGY

1. Anther: external morphology and internal structure through free hand sectioning.

2. Anther wall layers (live material section and permanent slides).

3. Pollen development: Microspor mother cell, microspore tetrad, young microspore, fully developed pollen. 2-celled pollen (Tobacco), 3-celled pollen (Wheat, Brassica); Pollen mitosis (Balsam, Rhoeo).

4. Pollen viability.

5. Pollen germination in vitro (Petunia, Tropeaolum, Dautra) 6. Slides of Embryo sac, Megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis.

7. Endosperm: Dissection of endosperm along with haustoria (Croton bonplandianum, Cucumis, Crotolaria); permanent slides of: free-nuclear, Helobial and cellular endosperm.

8. Embryo: Dissection of embryo along with haustoria (Tropeaolum, Callendula, Crotolaria, Pea, Iberis); permanent slides.

9. Polyembryony: Citrus; permanent slides of Euphorbia.

10. Experimental Embryology: Anther culture – tobacco and Datura. Somatic embryogenesis:

Carrot, Ranunculus.

TAXONOMY

Description of the locally available species of the following families and genera;

1. Brassicaceae: Brassica, Iberis, Coronopus 2. Papaveraceae: Argemone

3. Capparidaceae: Crataeva, Capparis 4. Malvaceae: hibiscus, Sida, abutilon 5. Rutaceae: Citrus, Murraya

6. Fabaceae: Tephrosia

7. Myrtaceae: Callistemon, Eucalyptus 8. Cucurbitaceae: Coccinia

9. Rubiaceae: Hamelia, Oldenlandia, Anthocephalus, Ixora 10. Asteraceae: Sonchus, Ageratum, Calendula

11. Apocynaceae: Vinca, Thevitia, nerium, Tabernaemontana 12. Asclepiadaceae: Calotropis, Tylophora,Stepalia

13. Convolvulaceae: Evolvulus, Ipomea 14. Solanaceae; solanum, Datura

15. Acanthaceae: Adhatoda, Barleria, Andrographis, Peristrophe 16. Lamiaceae: Ocimum, Salvia, Coleus

17. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia, Phyllanthus, Jatropha, Ricinus 18. Liliaceae; Asphodelus, Asparagus

19. Poaceae: Triticum, Poa, Avena, Cenchrus 20. Musaceae: Musa

21. Arecaceae: Livistonia, phoenix

22. Field trip around the campus; and preparation of list of plants and their families.

Course Number: BOM405, Course Title: SEMINAR & GROUP DISCUSSION Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 1998-1999 Total Credits:0.5, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:1(L-0+T-0+P/S-1), Min.pds./sem.:13 SEMINAR & GROUP DISCUSSION based on the courses BOM401, BOM402 and BOM403.

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Course Number: BOM501, Course Title: TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS

Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2016-17 Total Credits:4, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:52

UNIT 1 [10 pds]

Principles of Symstematics & critaria employed with emphasis on the comparative study of the systems proposed by Bentham and Hooker, Engler, Prantl and Hutchinson.

UNIT 2 [10 pds]

Preparation of herbarium, important herbaria of India; Important Botanical gardens-India & abroad, their role.

UNIT 3 [10 pds]

Botanical nomenclature; Principles and rules (ICN); ranks and names; binominal system, typification, author citation, valid publication, rejection of names, principle of priority and its limitations.

UNIT 4 [10 pds]

Taxonomic evidences from palynology, cytology, phytochemistry and molecular data.

Taxonomic hierarchy Ranks, categories and taxonomic groups

UNIT 5 [12 pds]

Biometrics, numerical taxonomy and cladistics Characters; variations; OTUs, character weighting and coding; cluster analysis; phenograms, cladograms (definitions and differences).

SUGGESTED READINGS:

THE FAMILIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS: John Hutchinson MONOCOTYLEDONS: Arber A.

INTRODUCTION TO PRINCIPLES OF TAXONOMY: V V Sivarajan Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. N. D.

TAXONOMY OF AGIOSPERMS: V. Singh & D K Jain, Rastogi Publication. Meerut PLANT TAXONOMY: N.S. Subrahmanyam TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS: Prof T. Pullaiah PLANT SYSTEMATICS: Michael G. Simpson (2006) PLANT TAXONOMY: B.P. Pandey, S. Chand & Co. ANGIOSPERMS: G.L.Chopra

Course Number: BOM502, Course Title: CYTOGENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2016-17 Total Credits:4, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:52

UNIT 1 [10 pds]

(a) Concept of gene-fine structure analysis; gene structure and organisation; gene function and regulation; (b) Genetics polymorphism proteins, enzyme; Restriction Fragment Length polymorphism (RFLP) and their role in genetics, evolution and breeding.

UNIT 2 [10 pds]

(a) Cytogenetics of polyploids-inheritance pattern in autopolyploids, chromosome & chromatid segregatation. Induction & characterization of trisomics, monosomics, nullisomics; alien addition and substitution and their role in gene transfer (b) Genetics of metric characters and quantitative characters; polygenic traits and response to selection (c) Cytoplasmic inheritance, male sterility, origin, induction and application.

UNIT 3 [10 pds]

Mobile genetic elements-Insertion elements, transposons in bacteria, Ty elements in yeast; Ac-Ds, Spm(En) & Mu elements in Maize; Their significance in development & evolution. (b) Mutagenesis &

repair mechanisms; molecular basis of mutations, chromosomal abberations, origin, behaviour, fate; physical & chemical mutagens, Linkage and Crossing over.

UNIT 4 [10 pds]

(a) Introduction to plant breeding, objectives of plant breeding; centres of origin of crop plants (b) Methods of reproduction (c) Breeding methods of self & cross pollinated plants (d) Quantitative inheritance, 26 Concept, mechanism, examples. Monogenic vs polygenic Inheritance.

UNIT 5 [12 pds]

(a) Breeding and improvement of some selected cereal, pulse, oilseed and vegetable crops (b) Heterosis and inbreeding depression: exploitation of hybrid vigour.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Sinha U and Sinha U: CYTOGENETICS, PLANT BREEDING AND EVOLUTION

Lewin B: GENES IV Gardner EJ & Snustad DP: PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS

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Course Number: BOM503, Course Title: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2016-17 Total Credits:4, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:52 UNIT 1

Plant – Water relations: Diffusion and osmosis, chemical potential and its gradient, water potential, components of water potential. Symplast and apoplast. Ascent of sap, mechanisms. Transpiration, factors controlling transpiration, role of stomata, mechanism of stomatal movements. Significance of transpiration. Antitranspirants, guttation. Water absorption by roots, aquaporins, pathway of water movement, transmembrane pathways, root pressure.

UNIT 2

Mineral Nutrition: Mineral requirements, essential and non-essential elements, criteria of essentiality, macro and micro nutrients, role of essential elements, mineral deficiency symptoms.

Ion antagonism and toxicity, solution culture; transport of nutrients within the plant body;

Absorption of minerals, Transport of ions across membrane, Passive absorption, Electrochemical gradient, Donnan equilibrium, Facilitated diffusion, Accumulation against concentration gradient, Active absorption, Role of ATP, Carrier systems, Roll of cell membrane, Proton pumps and ion flux.

Chelating agents, soil as a nutrient reservoir.

UNIT 3

Enzymes: Enzyme as catalysts – their chemical and biological properties; cofactors, coenzymes;

effect of temperature, pH and inhibitors; classification and nomenclature of enzymes; isoenzymes;

allosteric enzymes.

Carbon Assimilation: Assimilation of energy; Role of light; Absorption spectrum and action spectrum; compensation point; photosynthetic yield and quantum yield. Photosynthesis- photochemical reaction, absorption and transfer of solar energy, mechanism, role of chlorophylls and accessory pigments, antennae molecules and active center molecules; ionization of chlorophyll and flow of electrons, carriers and terminal acceptors; energy (quantal) requirement electron flow;

photolysis of water and evolution of oxygen, model of photoelectron flow; evidence for two photosystems; reduction of NADP; photophosphorylation; Reduction of carbon-di-oxide into glucose: Benson and Calvin cycle; Hatch, Slack and Kortschak Pathway; Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM); Energetics of CO2 reduction; Photorespiration.

UNIT 4

Carbon oxidation: retrieval of energy; oxidative metabolism; glycolysis – anaerobic conversion of pyruvate into ethanol and lactate, energy balance. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetyl CoA; TCA cycle; reduction of NAD, oxidation of reduced NAD, oxidative phosphorylation;

Chemosmotic theory of ATP synthesis. Energy balance of oxidation of glucose molecule. Pentose phosphate pathway, significance, energy balance.

(i) Nitrogen metabolism: Assimilation of molecular nitrogen. Diazotrophs – free living and associative; symbiotic association: mechanism and process of symbiosis; reduction of nitrogen into ammonia, dinitrogenase enzyme; regulation and control, nif genes. Uptake of nitrogen by plants;

reduction of nitrate and nitrite into ammonia; Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase; formation of different amino acids and amides; Transamination and reductive amination.

(ii) Phenomenon of growth and development: Definitions, phases of growth and development, morphogenesis as an expression of growth and development; mechanism – role of cell division, cell elongation and cell differentiation. Seed germination: dormancy – causes and removal; factors affecting seed germination. Physiology of flowering: Photoperiodism – discovery, variation in photoperiodic response, long day, short day and day-neutral plants, inductive and non inductive cycles, role of dark period, role of quality and intensity of light; bolting. Effect of temperature, specific cold temperature requirement, vernalization of Petkus rye; Biological clock.

UNIT 5

Plant Growth regulators: Auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscissins, ethylene: discovery, chemistry, biosynthesis, physiological role, bioassay and mechanism of action; application.

Phytochromes a general account. Discovery, chemical nature, role in photomorphogenesis, low energy responses (LER) and high irradiance responses (HIR), mode of action.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Hopkins, W.G: INTRODUCTION TO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, John Willey & Sons, Inc.

Jain,J.L: FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.

Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M.M. (2005): LEHNINGER PRINCIPALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, 4^TH EDITION, FREEMAN PUBL.

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Course Number: BOM504, Course Title: ECOLOGY

UNIT 1 [10 pds]

Definition, scope and relationship with other sciences, Plant community, Community structure and dynamics (plant succession), Climatic climax. Analytical and synthetic characters of plant community; Eco tone and edge effect. Climax concepts

UNIT 2 [10 pds]

Response of plants to stress conditions: Hydrophytes, xerophytes and halophytes. Their morphological, anatomical and physiological adaptations. Ecosystems and biotic inter actions:

Trophic organization; autotrophy; heterotrophy; symbiosis; food chains; webs; ecological pyramids; biomass; standing crop.

UNIT 3 [10 pds]

Importance of soil: its origin; formation; and composition; Physical, chemical and biological components of soil; soil profile. Conservation of soil: Types of soil conservation, Global pollution:

Air, Water, Soil, Noise and Radio activity, climate change.

UNIT 4 [10 pds]

Bio geo chemical cycles: water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Land and Water resources.

Afforestation, Social forestry and Agroforestry, Renewable and non-renewable resources: Sun, Wind, Geo thermal, Coal, bio-energy, fisheries.

UNIT 5 [12 pds]

Brief account of following: International Biological Programme (IBP), Man and Biosphere (MAB), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). National Park and Sanctuaries, Red Data Book, Biosphere Reserve.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Anantha Krishnan: BIORESOURCES ECOLOGY Ambasht RS:A TEXT BOOK OF PLANT ECOLOGY Goldenberg et al: ENERGY FOR A SUITABLE WORLD Gusain PPS:RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA

Mishra KC: MANUAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY Kumar HD: MODERN CONCEPT OF ECOLOGY

Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2009-10 Total Credits:8, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:8(L-0+T-0+P/S-8), Min.pds./sem.:104 Botany practical based on the courses BOM501, BOM502, BOM503 and BOM504.

PLANT TAXONOMY

Description of the locally available species of the following families and genera;

1. Ranunculaceae; Ranunculus, Delphinium, Clematis 2. Brassicaceae: Brassica, Iberis, Coronopus

3. Capparidaceae: Crataeva, Capparis

4. Caryophyllaceae: Dianthus, Stellaria, Spergula 5. Rutaceae: Citrus, Murraya

6. Tiliaceae: Corchorus, Triuinphetta 7. Sterculiaceae: Pentapetes, Dombea 8. Malvaceae: Hibiscus, Sida, Abutilon 9. Fabaceae: Melilotus, Tephrosia

10. Caesal pinoideae: Cassia, Caesalpinia, Bauhinia 11. Mimosoieae: Mimosa, Calliandria

12. Myrtaceae: Callistemon, Eucalyptus 13. Cucurbitaceae: Coccinia,,

14. Apiaceae: Coriandrum, Anethum hydrocotyl

15. Rubiaceae: Hamelia, Oldenlandia, Anthocephalus, Ixora 16. Asteraceae: Sonchus, Ageratum, Calendula

17. Apocynaceae: Vinca, Thevitia, Nerium, Tabernaeimontana 18. Asclepiadaceae: Calotropis, Tylophora, Stepalia

19. Solanaceae: Solanum, Datura, Withania

20. Acanthaceae: Adhatoda, Barleria, Andrographis, Peristrophe

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27. Liliaceae; Asphodelus, Asparagus

28. Poaceae: Triticuni, Poa, Avena, Cenchrus 29. Cyperaceae: Cyperus

30. Musaceac: Musa

31. Arecaceae: Livistonia, Phoenix

32. Description of various species of a genus and preparation of keys at generic level.

33. Field trip around the campus ; and preparation of list of plants and their families.

34. Training in using floras and herbaria for identification of specimens.

35. Demonstration of utility of secondary metabolites in the taxonomy of some important genera.

36. Comparison of different species of a genus and different genera of a family to calculate similarity coefficients and preparation of dendrographs.

CYTOGENETICS & PLANT BREEDING

1. Preparation of somatic metaphase chromosomes –use of acetocarmine, propionocarmine and aceto-orcein.

2. Karyotypic construction- using camera lucida drawings and micrometer eyepiece.

3. Karyotypic construction by using photographs and micrometer eyepiece.

4. Preparation of PMC’s for study of male meiosis- study of different stages of meiosis.

5. Breeding objectives and breeding methods in major field crops.

6. To study the quality traits in cereals, pulses and oil crops.

7. Screening for disease and pest tolerance in field crops.

8. Demonstration of monohybrid and dihybrid segregations using seed mixtures.

9. Survey of agronomic traits in major field crops.

10. Correlation of floral structure with pollination system (e.g., Salvia, Seasamum, maize, rice, Ricinus0.Estimation of pollen ovule ratio and its bearing on pollination system.

11. Emasculation and bagging of flowers and pollinating them manually and estimating fruit and seed set.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

1. To study through electron micrographs plant cell organelles: mitochondria and Chloroplast.

2. To study gene cloning, gene sequencing, PCR amplification of DNA with the help of photographs.

3. To prepare buffer solutions.

4. To study the effect of organic solvents on semipermeable nature of plasma membrane using beetroot.

5. To study the effect of temperature on semipermeable nature of plasma membrane using beetroot.

6. To separate amino acids by paper chromatography.

7. To perform microchemical test to demonstrate the presence of starch, protein and fat in the given mixture.

8. To demonstrate isolation of DNA

9. To test for the presence of adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine in DNA.

10. To estimate protein using BSA.

11. To demonstrate separation of DNA on gel electrophoresis.

ECOLOGY

1. To determine the working and use of instruments for the measurement of temperature ( soil, air, water) moisture (rainfall, relative humidity, soil moisture) wind (velocity and direction) and light intensity.

2. To study selected soil properties by spot test: texture, pH, Carbonate, nitrate, base deficiency and reductively.

3. To study ecological adaptations(morphological and anatomical) in plants (hydrophytes, xerophytes and epiphytes).

4. To prepare maps of India with respect to (I) major climatic zones (II) Forest types and (III) Bio-geographical regions and comment on it.

5. To study the permanent slides and specimens of ecological importance..

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Course Number: BOM601, Course Title: MICROBIOLOGY

Class: B.Sc. Hons., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2016-17 Total Credits:4, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:52

UNIT 1: BACTERIOLOGY [10 pds]

History of microbiology, Ultrastructure of Bacterial cell, Reproduction of Bacteria, Plasmids.

Eubacteria; wall less forms [Mycoplasma and spheroplast]; Nutritional types.

UNIT 2: VIROLOGY [10 pds]

Nature and structure of viruses, classification ; Viruses as disease incitants; Virus as contagious agent; Virus of bacteria, fungi, Algae and baculoviruses; viroids, prions & virusoids; Physico- chemical properties; with special reference to TMV; Assaying of plant viruses-general account &

economic importance of viruses with reference to vaccine production; role in research; medicine and diagnostics; as causal agents of plant diseases

UNIT 3: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY [10 pds]

Microbiology of Air, (Flora of Air, Sources of Air and contamination), Microbiology of water (Microbial flora of potable water, testing the purity of water) and soil microbiology with special reference to Nitrogen fixation.

UNIT 4: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY [10 pds]

Industrial Microbiology (Single cell Protein, Alcohol production, Antibiotic with special reference to Penicilline). Food Microbiology (Food spoilage and food poison) and Milk Microbiology. Economic importance of bacteria with reference to their role in agriculture and industry.

UNIT 5 [12 pds]

Medical Microbiology and Sewage treatment: Microbial disease caused by Fungi, Bacteria, Virus, Mycoplasma and their control, Treatment of Polluted water in sewage, Air allergens.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Fox HM: MICRO ORGANISMS IN SOIL Frazier WC: FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

Plezar MJ & RD Reid: MICROBIOLOGY Purohit S: MICROBIOLOGY

Walter WC & Mc Bec RH: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY Power CB: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY Sharma PD: MICROBIOLOGY

Course Number: BOM602, Course Title: EMBRYOLOGY

Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 2012-13 Total Credits:4, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:3(L-3+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:39 UNIT 1

Historical perspective; Microsporangium; wall layers, tapetum, their function, ultrastructure, development; Microsporogenesis; pollen mother cells, callose; Pollen wall; pollen structure, sperm cells; pollen germination, pollen types.

UNIT 2

Ovule-ontogeny, types; Megasporogenesis- archesporium, megaspore mother cell; tetrads polarity, development; Embryo-sac types; ultrastructure of components – synergids, egg, central cell, antipodals.

UNIT 3

Pollination and Fertilization: Pollination types and agencies. Style, stigma-structure; pollen germination and pollen tube growth, double-fertilization; Sexual incompatibility: significance;

pollen pistil interaction, role of pollen wall, barriers to fertilization, methods to overcome sexual incompatibility.

UNIT 4

Endosperm and Embryo: Endosperm types, ultrastructure, haustoria, function; Embryo-zygote polarity; Dicot and Monocot embryos; development of suspensor; Nutrition of embryo;

Polyembryony: types, gametic and somatic embryogenesis.

UNIT 5

Apomixis – types and importance; Seed development; structure, physiology, viability, germination.

Embryology and Taxonomy – diagnostic embryological features, primitive and advanced;

comparative embryology.

Experimental embryology: Intra ovarian pollination, In vitro pollination and fertilization, In vitro culture of ovules, ovaries, seeds, embryos, endosperm, pollen/anther (androgenesis).

.

UNIT 2: FATS AND OILS [10 pds]

General description, classification, extraction and uses of oils. Comparison of essential oil and fatty oils. Soyabean, Coconut, Groundnut, Sesamum, Mustard. Beverages: Tea, Coffee, Oils and Beverages.

UNIT 3: FIBRES [10 pds]

Cotton, Flax, Jute and paper making fibres/plants raw material. Wood and cork: A general account (With special reference to teak, cork, deodar, pine, shisham).

UNIT 4: CONDIMENTS AND SPICES [10 pds]

Listing of important spices; their family and part used; Economic importance with special reference to fennel ; saffron ; clove ; black pepper. A general account. Drugs: in various systems of medicine.

Description of Cinchona; Digitalis; Papaver ; Cannabis

UNIT 5: ETHNOBOTANY, ETHNOBOTANY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE [12 pds]

Indian work, study of selected plants used by Tribes in their daily life, for food, clothing, shelter, medicines, agriculture, plants in folk religion and mythology.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Kirtikar KR & Basu BD: INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANT Kochhar SL:ECONOMIC BOTANY IN THE TROPICS Jain SK: CONTRIBUTIONS TO ETHNOBOTANY OF INDIA Jain SK:GLIMPSES OF INDIAN ETHNOBOTANY Jain SK: DICTIONARY OF INDIAN FOLK MEDICINE AND ETHNOBOTANY Pandey BP:ECONOMIC BOTANY Watt G: A DICTIONARY OF THE ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF INDIA (VOL I-10) Hill A:ECONOMIC BOTANY

Course Number: BOM604, Course Title: BIOMETRICS & COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Class: B.Sc., Status of Course: MAJOR COURSE, Approved since session: 1998-1999 Total Credits:4, Periods(55 mts. each)/week:4(L-4+T-0+P/S-0), Min.pds./sem.:52

UNIT 1 [10 pds]

Aim and scope of Biometrics, Collection and presentation of data, Mean, mode, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.

UNIT 2 [10 pds]

Application of probability distribution, Binomial, Poisson, ... chi square test, test of significance.

UNIT 3 [10 pds]

Application of one way, two way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation and Regression, Significance of correlation and regression.

UNIT 4 [10 pds]

Principles of design of experiments. RBD and CRD. Study of quantitative characters with specific examples.

UNIT 5 [12 pds]

Computers- definition, history and organisation of computers. Essentials of programming with any one language, commercial software packages with reference to biological application. Statistical analysis. Uses of computers for MS, drawing graphs, charts and histograms.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Ronald E Walpole: INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS Audrey Haber and Richard P Ranyon: GENERAL STATISTICS

Earl Bogdanoff: INTRODUCTION TO DESCRUPTURE STATISTICS, A SEQUENTIAL APPROACH Rajaraman V: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS

Michael Begon and Mortin Mortimer: POPULATION ECOLOGY

Mather, K and JL Jinks: INTRODUCTION TO BIOMETRICAL GENETICS Prem Narain: STATISTICAL GENETICS