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Paper: 1
Detail Study Of Natyashastra, Specially Dance Related Chapters And Sangita Ratnakar
Module 17 Rasa, Bhava, Vibhava, Anubhava, Sanchari (Vyabhichari), Sthayi. (In Tabular Form)
STHAYI BHAVA
VIBHAVA ANUBHAVA
(1) Rati )रति( Pleasure
(1) The season; decorating the body with garlands; anointing it with colors and perfumes putting on ornaments;
feasting; being in beautiful house, etc.
(1)Smiling face;
sweet talk; play of the eyes and the eyebrows; sidelong glances, etc.
(2) Hasa हास( ) Mirth
(2) Mimicking others’ actions;
nonsensical speech; forwardness;
foolishness, etc.
(2) Laughter and other expressive responses as already mentioned.
(3) Shoka ( शोक )
Sorrow
(3) Separation from dear ones; loss of wealth; execution; imprisonment and other sad experiences, etc.
(3) Weeping profusely;
moaning; crying;
loss of color;
breaking of voice;
weakness of limbs;
falling down on the ground;
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lamentation;
screaming; deep sighing etc.
Krodha (4) )क्रोध(
Wrath
(4) Manhandling; dragging; quarrel;
debate; antagonism, etc.
(4) Dilation of the nostrils and the eyes; biting of lips;
throbbing at temples, etc.
(5) Utsaha ( उत्साह )
Vigor
(5) High spirits; strength; courage;
bravery, etc.
(5) Poise; courage;
sacrifice; learning, etc
(6) Bhaya ( भय ) Fear
(6) Offense against the king or the teacher; a view of wild beasts;
deserted house, forests, mountains, elephants; a stormy day, dark night;
hearing the cry of owls and other nocturnal beings; getting berated, etc.
(6) Hands and feet trembling;
palpitation of the heart; immobility;
drying of the mouth and the tongue;
perspiration;
shivering; seeking refuge; running;
getting dragged, etc.
(7) Jugupsa जुगुप्सा( )
Disgust
(7) Hearing, seeing or telling of things unpleasant.
(7) The whole body drawing in; face pinched, head jumping; spitting.
(8) Vismaya (विस्मय)
(8) Illusions, delusions caused by magic and supernatural powers;
(8) Widening the eyes; staring
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(9) Wonder excellence of man’s art in painting, sculpture, etc.
without batting an eyelid; raised eyebrows; hair- raising; head shaking; saying
“well done”, etc.
SANCHARI BHAVA
VIBHAVA ANUBHAVA
(1) Nirveda ( तनिेद )
Distress
(1) Poverty; disease; insult, humiliation; getting dragged; getting beaten in anger; separation from loved ones; philosophy, etc.
(1) In the case of
women and
persons of low character crying, deep sighing, etc.
(2) Glani ( ग्ऱानी
)
Exhaustion
(2) Disease causing excessive nausea;
fasting because of penance or religious regulation; mental worry; excessive indulgence in sex and drinking;
excessive exercise; long travel; hunger;
thirst; rude awakening; from sleep, etc.
(2) Weak voice;
lack-lustre eyes;
hollow-cheeks and stomach; slow lifting of steps;
shaking; lack of enthusiasm;
emaciated limbs;
lack of color;
breaking of voice, etc.
(3) Shanka (3)Sinful acts like, theft, robbery or offence against the king.
(3) Looking around every moment;
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( शंका
)
Guilt
veiling the face;
drying of the mouth; wetting the tongue; loss of color of the face;
breaking of the voice; shivers;
acting as if one is being suffocated.
(4) Asuya असूया( )
Covetous- ness
(4)Various offenses caused by envying others’ wealth, good fortune, intelligence, learning, grace, etc.
(4) Declaring faults and attacking virtues of others in large assemblies of people; rivalry; by making eyes;
dancing of the eyebrows, looking down and by other signals; mocking the adversary, etc.
(5) Mada ( मद )
Intoxica- tion
(5) Caused by drinking alcoholic beverages
(5) (a) Excellent natured people sleep their speech becomes slightly affected, their body becomes pleasant, they smile, their complexion
becomes sweet
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and bright.
(b) People of medium nature laugh and sing, their eyes roll around, hand movements
become slow and loose, their gait is stumbling.
(c) Low natured people lose their memory, collapse, hiccough, retch,
the tongue
becomes heavy and draws in.
(6) Shrama ( श्रम )
Weariness
(6) Walking a long distance; exercise, etc.
(6) Pressing, massaging the limbs; sighing;
yawning; slowly lifting the steps;
face pinched; eyes down,etc.
(7) Alasya ( आऱस्य )
Lethargy
(7) Sorrow; disease; inborn nature;
labor; pregnancy
(7) Lack of desire to do any work; sitting down; lying down;
sleeping; getting lost in thoughts,
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etc.
(8) Dainya ( दैन्य )
Misery
(8) Misfortune; mental worry, etc. (8) Head bowed down, absent- mindedness, limbs bloated as if through disease;
giving up of bathing and cleaning of the body.
(9) Chinta ( च ंिा
)
Anxiety
(9) Loss of wealth; poverty; deprival of money or dear ones.
(9) Sighing; deep breathing; mental agitation;
meditating; bowing down the head;
thinking;
emaciation, etc.
(10) Moha ( मोह )
Loss of conscious- ness
(10) Striking of misfortune; disease; fit of fear; remembering enmity of old.
(10) Loss of sensation; head wandering; falling down to the ground; reeling;
inability to focus the eyes.
(11) Smriti स्मृति( )
Remembr ance
(11) Loss of good health; sleeplessness at night; seeing somebody of similar appearance; study; thinking, etc.
(11) Shaking of the head; observing things closely;
raising the eyebrows, etc.
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(12)Dhruti ध्रुति( )
Poise
(12) Bravery; knowledge; learning;
power; pure actions; devotion of the teacher; fulfillment of heart’s desires;
gain of money; sport, etc.
(12) Enjoying things in life which one has and not sorrowing over things of the past or which are lost or destroyed.
(13) Vrida (िृदा) Remorse
(13) Rudeness to and disregard for the elderly; inability to fulfil one’s vow;
repentance, etc.
(13) Clouded face;
head hung down;
thinking; drawing lines on the ground; fidgeting with the end of the garment or ring;
biting the nails, etc.
(14)Chapalata ( ऩऱिा
)
Quick temper
(14) Anger; envy; jealously; rivalry;
antagonisms, etc.
(14) Harsh speech;
berating; striking;
killing; beating etc.
(15) Harsha ( हर्ष ) Joy
(15) Fulfillment of heart’s desires;
reunion with dear ones; satisfaction of mind; favor of gods and king, teacher or the master; enjoying good food, clothes, wealth, etc.
(15) Graceful expression of the face and eyes;
pleasant talk;
embracing; body thrilled; lack of sweat, etc.
(16) Avega ( आिेग )
(16) Hearing about or the actual striking of natural disasters of rain, wind, and fire; stampeding elephants
(16) All the limbs in disarray; mind distracted; loss of
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Excitemen t
and other unpleasant things. color of the face, etc.
(17) Jadata ( जड़िा
)
Heaviness
(17) Hearing or seeing pleasant and unpleasant things; disease.
(17) Break in narration; stopping in the middle of the speech; silence;
staring fixedly;
being in the power of others, etc.
(18) Garva ( गिष
)
Pride
(18) Gaining wealth; family status, beauty, youth, strength, etc.
(18) Envy;
disregard; not giving replies; not speaking;
contemptuous looks thrown to people; ridiculing;
jesting; harsh speech; rudeness to teacher; insult;
breaking one’s word, etc.
(19)Vishada (
ि ि शाद) Dejection
(19) Inability to successfully execute some work due to misfortune or accident.
(19) Searching for help; thinking about a remedy;
loss of vigor;
distraction; sighing etc. (in the case of excellent and medium persons).
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Running around;
staring; dry mouth;
sleep, etc. (in the case of low persons).
(20) Autsukya औत्सुक्य( )
Longing
(20) Separation from dear ones brought to mind by looking at a garden, etc.
(20) Deep sighing;
head hanging down; thinking;
sleep; desire to lie down; getting lost in thoughts, etc.
(21) Nidra ( तनद्रा
)
Somno- lence
(21) Natural disposition; overeating;
worry; laziness; weariness; weakness.
(21) Face
stretching; eyes rolling; yawning;
heaviness; deep breathing; relaxing of the body; closing of the eyes, etc.
(22) Apasmara ( अऩस्मार )
Paroxysm
(22) Getting possessed by supernatural beings, ghosts and spirits or being reminded of them; eating left-overs;
finding oneself in a deserted house;
disregard for the holy hour; falling down; disease etc.
(22) Throbbing, sighing, trembling, running, falling down; perspiring;
immobility;
foaming at the mouth; wetting the tongue, etc.
(23) Supta सुप्ि( )
Sleep
(23) Enjoyment of sensuous pleasures;
bewitching of the mind; lying down on the ground; stretching; dragging, etc.
(23) Deep
breathing; limbs relaxing; eyes
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closed; all the senses bewitched as if dreaming etc.
(24)Vibodha ( विबोध )
Awakenin g
(24) Breaking of sleep as a result of the need for food; end of dream; loud noise; touch, etc.
(24) Yawning;
rubbing of the eyes; leaving the bed, etc.
(25) Amarsa ( अमर्ष )
Vengeanc e
(25) Being insulted or berated by a person of superior learning, wealth or strength.
(25) Shaking of the head; sweating profusely; thinking with head hanging down; meditation;
searching for remedy or help, etc.
(26) Avittha ( आवित्थ )
Impudenc e
(26) Caused by defeat, dishonor, shame, fear, etc.
(26) Mimicking the looks and speech of others; interrupting narration;
effrontery, etc.
(27)Ugrata ( उग्रिा
)
Gruffness
(27) Theft; robbery; offenses against the king; slandering good people.
(27) Execution;
imprisonment;
beating; scolding, etc.
(28) Mati ( मति
)
Learning
(28) Discussing the pros and cons of various learned sciences and meditating.
(28) Advising the disciples;
explaining the significance;
dispelling doubts.
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etc.
(29) Vyadhi ( व्याचध )
Disease
(29) Result of an attack of the wind, the bile and the phlegm.
(29) The whole body shaking, shivering,
contracting,
desiring warmth;
gooseflesh; jaw chattering; mouth dry; moaning (These refer to the diseases of cold).
The body twisting, especially the legs and the hands;
desiring to lie down on bare ground;
desiring cold things; mouth dry;
loud crying, etc.
(These refer to diseases of heart).
Face pinched; limbs immobile and
numb; deep
sighing; eyes lack luster; shaking;
screaming, etc.
(These refer to
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other diseases).
(30) Unmada ( उन्माद )
Madness
(30) Separation from dear ones; loss of wealth; accident; an attack of wind, bile and phlegm.
(30) Laughing, crying, screaming for no reason;
irrelevant speech;
sitting lying, getting up, running, dancing, singing in fits; smearing the body with earth and ashes, covering oneself with grass, soiled cloth, rags, broken pieces of claypots – in these
and other
manners; imitate the actions of mentally ill persons.
(31) Marana ( मरण )
Death
(31) (a) Due to disease; disorder of intestine, liver, colic or tumor, etc.
(b) Due to accident; struck by weapon;
bitten by a snake.
(31) (a) The limbs becoming numb;
body becoming loose; eyes fluttering or closed;
hiccough; labored breathing; hardly seeing those who
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are around;
speaking with the attendants in very faint words, etc.
(b) Struck by weapon falling down suddenly to the ground, twisting and turning. Bitten by snake-the eight waves of stages of snake poisoning such as weakness, shivering, burning, hiccoughing,
foaming, breaking of the shoulders, heaviness and death.
(32) Trasa ( त्रास )
Turbulenc e
(32) Striking of the lightning; fall of a meteor; earthquake; roaring of the clouds or a huge supernatural being or a beast.
(32) The body contracting;
shaking; shivering;
immobility; hair- raising; fearful voice; crying, etc.
(33) Vitarka ( वििकष )
Perplexity
(33) Doubt; confusion; discussion (33) Questions variously asked;
explanations;
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secret charms and incantations, etc.
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SATVIKA BHAVA
VIBHAVA ANUBHAVA
(1) Sveda (
स्िेद )
Perspiration
(1) Anger; fear; joy; shame; sorrow;
weariness; disease; agitation; accident;
exercise; worry; etc.
(1) Taking up a fan;
wiping away the perspiration;
desiring breeze.
(2) Stambha (
स्िंभ )
Immobility
(2) Joy; fear; disease; wonder;
dejection; disfavor.
(2) Standing motionless; with not so much as a tremor heavy and empty with limbs benumbed.
(3) Vepathu
िेऩथु( )
Trembling
(3) Cold; fear; joy; disfavor; touch; old age
(3) Shaking;
shivering;
throbbing (4) Ashru
अश्रु( )
Tears
(4) Joy; vengeance; smoke, eyebalm, yawning; fear; sorrow; staring fixedly;
cold; disease.
(4) Wiping the eyes.
(5) Vaivarnya (
िैिर्णयष
) Loss of color
(5) Cold; anger; fear; weariness; disease. (5) By putting pressure on the vein; draining the color from the face and other bodily movements
needing great effort.
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(6) Romanca (
रोमां
) Hair-
raising
(6) Touch; fear; cold; joy; anger;
disease.
(6) Making the hair on the body stand up; momentary appearance of goose-flesh and thrill by touch, etc.
(7)
Svarabheda ( स्िरभेद )
Breaking of voice
(7) Fear; joy; anger; old age; dryness;
disease; intoxication.
(7) By different tones, such as chocked,
tremulous, throbbing, etc.
(8) Pralaya (
प्रऱय
) Chaos
(8) Weariness; fainting fit; intoxication;
sleep; accident; bewitchment.
(8) By falling down to the ground.
RASA STHAYI BHAVA
SANCHARI BHAVA
SATVIK BHAV A
VIBHAVA ANUBHA VA
Sringara शृंगार( )
Erotic
(A) Sambhoga (
सम्भोग
) in
union
(B)Vipralamb ha )विप्रऱंभ( In separation
(1) Rati Pleasure
(A) All except
lethargy, disgust and turbulence.
(B) Distress, exhaustion, guilt,
weariness, anxiety,
Trembl ing
(1) The season;
decorating the body with
garlands;
anointing it with (colors and
perfumes);
putting on
(1) Play of the eyes and the
eyebrow s;
sidelong glances;
sweet and
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longing, somnolence , sleep, awakening, disease, madness, paroxysm, heaviness, death, etc.
ornaments;
enjoying the company of dear ones;
living in beautiful houses;
visiting gardens;
seeing and hearing
pleasant things;
indulging in sports and games.
graceful gait;
bodily postures and words.
(2) Hasya (
विप्रऱंभ )
Comic
(2) Hasa Mirth
(2)
Impudence, lethargy, somnolence , sleep, awakening jealously, etc.
(2) Donning an absurd dress or a costume and ornaments belonging to someone else.
Forwardness greediness, nonsensical speech,
exposing the crookedness or faults of
(2)
Throbbin g of lips, nose, and cheeks;
opening the eyes wide or narrowin g them;
reddenin g of the
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others. face;
holding the sides.
(3)Karuna ( करुणा
)
Pathetic
(3) Shoka Sorrow
(3) Distress exhaustion, anxiety, longing excitement, weariness, loss of consciousn ess,
dejection, misery, disease, heaviness, madness, paroxysm, turbulence, lethargy, death, etc.
(3) Becoming a victim of a
curse of
misfortune;
separation from dear ones; loss of wealth;
execution, imprisonment, exile, accidents
and a
combination of these other misfortunes.
(3)
Weeping
; crying;
face getting drained of color;
the body becomin g limp;
sighing;
losing memory;
etc.
(4) Raudra (
रौद्र
) Violent
(4) Krodha Wrath
(4) Quick temper, excitement, Violence, arrogance, vengeance, etc.
(4) Getting aroused by wrath; insult;
injury harsh and false speech;
jealously;
(4) Reddeni ng of the eyes;
perspirin g;
twisting
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revengefulness , etc.
of the eyebrow s;
grinding of teeth;
biting of lips;
wringing the
hands;
throbbin g at the temples.
(5) Vira )िीर( Heroic
(5) Utsaha Vigor
(5) Poise, learning, arrogance, excitement, vengeance, remembran ce,
awakening, etc.
(5) Hair- raising, breaki ng of voice
(5) Having a clear mind;
tenacity of purpose;
discipline;
modesty;
strength, valor, power;
splendor.
(5) Display of
steadine ss;
courage;
bravery, learning;
sacrifice, etc.
(6)
Bhayanaka ( भयानक )
Fearful
(6) Bhaya Fear
(6) Guilt;
loss of consciousn ess, misery, excitement, quick
(6) Perspir ation, trembli ng, hair
(6) Hearing strange noises;
seeing spirits;
getting
pursued by
owls and
(6) Hands and feet tremblin g; eyes shooting
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temper, heaviness, turbulence, paroxysm, death etc.
raising, chocke d voice, loss of color.
jackals; finding oneself in a deserted house or a forest;
seeing or hearing the news of the execution or imprisonment of dear ones.
around;
goosefle sh
covering the
body;
face becomin g pale;
voice breaking etc.
(7) Bibhatsa (
बबभस्ि
)
Repulsive
(7) Jugupsa Disgust
(7)
Paroxysm, excitement, loss of consciousn ess,
turbulence, disease, death, etc.
(7) Hearing, seeing or feeling of things,
unpleasant or improper.
(7) The whole body in disarray;
nausea;
spitting;
face pinched;
limbs tremblin g, etc.
(8) Adbhuta अदभुि(
)
Wondrous
(8)
Vismaya Wonder
(8)
Excitement, perplexity, joy, quick temper, madness,
(8) Immob ility, perspir ation, hair-
(8) Seeing heavenly
persons;
attainment of heart’s desires, being
(8) Widenin g of the eyes;
staring without
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poise, heaviness, etc.
raising. confronted suddenly with large
assemblies of people, aerial vehicles,
phantasmagori a and magical, illusions;
entering a beautiful
garden or temple, etc.
batting an eyelid;
thrilled body;
tears;
exclamat ions such as
‘Bravo’,
‘Well done’,
‘oh’, giving gifts;
waving the hands;
etc.
