Drawing

snf ;]t ¬

lkroh d{kk ds fy, fp=kdyk fo"k; dh ikB~;iqLrd

2020

ekSfyd f'k{kk foHkkx] gfj;k.kk

[ii]

ewy laLdj.k % 2020

^^loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku ds rgr fu%'kqYd forfjr**

[iii]

vkeq[k

^^dyk** 'kCn dh mRifŸk laLd`r dh ^dy* /kkrq ls gqbZ gS] ftldk vFkZ gS lqUnj] e/kqj] dksey ;k lq[k nsus okykA IysVks ds vuqlkj ^^dyk lR; dh vuqd`fr gS]** tgk¡ lR; dks lkoZHkkSfed ekuk x;k gSA mlh lR; dh vuqd`fr gesa lalkj ds tM+ psru lHkh esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

jk"Vªh; ikB~;ppkZ dh :ijs[kk ¼2005½ lq>krh gS fd ^^vusdrkvksa o le`) fojklr dks lesVs viuh fof’k"V lkaLd`frd igpku dks dk;e j[kus ds fy, gesa vius ckydksa dh vkSipkfjd fo|ky;h f’k{kk esa dyk&f’k{kk dks ,dhd`r djuk gksxkA blh izdkj jk"Vªh; f’k{kk uhfr&2019 ds izk:i esa Hkh ckydksa ds lok±xh.k fodkl gsrq dyk f’k{k.k dh vfuok;Zrk ij cy fn;k x;k gSA

izLrqr iqLrd dk fuekZ.k blh fn’kk esa mBk;k x;k ,d dne gSA orZeku ;qx esa n`’;dyk dk vR;kf/kd egŸo gSA vkt thou dk dksbZ Hkh {ks= n`’;dyk ls vNwrk ugha gS] pkgs og f’k{kk] O;olk;] foKku ;k rduhd dk {ks= gksA fdlh Hkh rduhdh f’k{kk dk ewy vk/kkj fp=kadu gSA QS’ku o flusek m|ksx] izpkj]

iSdsftax] ltkoV] i=dkfjrk vkfn vusd O;olkf;d xfrfof/k;k¡ fp=ksa ds fcuk viax gh gSaA vkt ds ;qx esa tks Hkh vuqla/kku rFkk HkkSfrd fuekZ.k laca/kh dk;Z gks jgs gSa mudh ewy ladYiuk,a] n`’;dyk esa fuiq.k O;fDr;ksa }kjk cukbZ tkrh gSaA ge ;fn dgsa fd vkt ds ;qx esa ftrus Hkh l`tukRed dk;Z gks jgs gaS] muds ewy esa n`’;dyk fo"k; gh gS rks vfr’k;ksfDr u gksxhA

ckydsafnzr ,oa xfrfof/kijd bl iqLrd esa lgHkkfxrkiw.kZ ckrphr ds ek/;e ls] [kkstijd vf/kxe ds n`f"Vdks.k dks viuk;k x;k gSA dyk ds fdlh Hkh :i dks ns[kus le>us ds fy, cPpksa dks muds ifjos’k ls lh/ks tksM+k x;k gSA cPps gekjh ijaijk ds okgd gSa vr% mUgsa vkapfyd ijaijkxr dykvksa ls tksM+us ds lkFk&lkFk jk"Vªh; Lrj ij viuh igpku j[kus okyh dykvksa o dykdkjksa dks tkuus&le>us ds Hkh volj fn, x, gSaA

iqLrd esa cPpksa ds vkl&ikl dh izkd`frd] lkekftd] ikajifjd ,oa lkaLd`frd >yfd;ksa dks vk/kkj cukdj Lrjkuqlkj fo"k;&lkexzh rFkk xfrfof/k;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA bl ckr dk fo’ks"k /;ku j[kk x;k gS fd iqLrd funsZ’kkRed de jgs rFkk cPpksa ds ekSfyd fopkj] n`f"Vdks.k rFkk Hkkoukvksa dh vfHkO;fDr ds vf/kd volj feysaA

;g mYys[k Hkh izkalfxd gksxk fd bu iqLrdksa dks vkids chp ls vk, fo|ky; ds f’k{kd&f’k{kdkvksa ds lg;ksx ls jkT; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf’k{k.k ifj"kn~] gfj;k.kk] xq:xzke }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA eq>s iw.kZ fo’okl gS fd v/;kidx.k dyk ds ek/;e ls cPpksa dks uSlfxZd lksan;Zcks/k o ekuoh; laosnukvksa dh jpukRed vfHkO;fDr ds volj nsdj muds lok±xh.k fodkl esa lgk;d cu ldsaxsA

Mk- egkohj flag iz/kku lfpo fo|ky; f’k{kk] gfj;k.kk] p.Mhx<+

[iv]

ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

laj{kd eaMy

 Mk- egkohj flag] iz/kku lfpo] fo|ky; f’k{kk] gfj;k.kkA

 jkds’k xqIrk] jkT; ifj;kstuk funs’kd] gfj;k.kk Ldwy f’k{kk ifj;kstuk ifj"kn~A

 iznhi Mkxj] funs’kd] ekSfyd f’k{kk] gfj;k.kkA

ekxZn'kZu

 MkW- fdj.ke;h] funs’kd] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

leUo; lfefr

 johanz flag vgykoknh] mifuns’kd] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

 johanz flag QkSxkV] v/;{k] ikB~;iqLrd foHkkx] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-]

gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

eq[; lykgdkj

 izksQ+slj T;ksRluk frokjh] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] ubZ fnYyhA

ekxZn'kZd ,oa lykgdkj lfefr

 fou; dqekj] izksQ+slj] ,l-;w-ih-oh-,-] jksgrdA

 nhid fladj] izk/;kid] ,l-;w-ih-oh-,-] jksgrdA

 vrgj vyh] izk/;kid ,l-;w-ih-oh-,-] jksgrdA

 mTToy] izk/;kid] ,l-;w-ih-oh-,-] jksgrdA

Hkk"kk leh{kk

 vydk vjksM+k] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

 lhek o/kok] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

 jkts’k dqekjh] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

iqLrd ys[ku lfefr ds lnL;

 /keZ flag vgykor] lsokfuo`r dyk v/;kid] jk-o-ek-fo- [kSjM+h] ¼jksgrd½A

 jes’k dqekj] lsokfuo`r dyk v/;kid] jk-ekW-la-o-ek-fo-] lk¡?kh] jksgrdA

 lqUnj] dyk v/;kid] jk-m-fo- ukUny] jksgrdA

 ftrsUnz] dyk v/;kid] jk-o-ek-fo- lq[kjkyh] xq#xzkeA

 jfoUnz flag nyky] dyk v/;kid] jk-ek-fo-lSDVj-14] xq#xzkeA

 dksey dVkfj;k] dyk v/;kfidk] jk-ek-fo- U;w dkyksuh] xq#xzkeA

 ;ksfxrk lrhtk] dyk v/;kfidk] jk-ekW-la-o-ek-fo-] lq’kkUr yksd xq#xzkeA

 laxhrk xqIrk] dyk v/;kfidk] jk-m-fo- gjl:] xq#xzkeA

 diwj lSuh] vkVZ ,.M Øk¶V baLVªDVj] jk-m-fo- nqtZuiqj] fHkokuhA

 iznhi efyd] dyk v/;kid] jk-o-ek-fo- bljkuk] ikuhirA

 jes’k ;kno] izk/;kid] Qkbu vkVZl] MkbZV] ek=’;ke] fglkjA

 uhjt lSuh] dyk v/;kid] jk-o-ek-fo- cw<+k[ksM+k ykBj] thanA

 nhid eksj] dyk v/;kid] jk-m-fo- flokudk] lksuhirA

 ujsUnz Mckl] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

 vfuy vjksM+k] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

lnL; ,oa leUo;d

 Mk- nhIrk 'kekZ] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

 uUn fd’kksj oekZ] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

 :ch lsBh] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- gfj;k.kk] xq#xzkeA

[v]

vkHkkj

ek/;fed f’k{kk foHkkx gfj;k.kk bl ikB~;iqLrd ds fuekZ.k gsrq vius jkT; dh jkT; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf’k{k.k ifj"kn] xq:xzke dh laiw.kZ ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr ds izfr vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gSA

;g foHkkx ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ubZ fnYyh rFkk ,l-;w-ih-oh-,- ¼lqiok½ jksgrd dk fo’ks"k vkHkkjh gS ftlus vius vuqHkoh fo’ks"kKksa dk le; o lg;ksx rFkk fofHkUu izdk’kuksa ds tfj;s bl ikB~;iqLrd ds HkkxhjFk iz;kl dks lQy cukus esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA ge vU; jkT;ksa dh mu laLFkkvksa ds izfr Hkh vkHkkjh gSa] ftudh iqLrdksa dks i<+dj ys[kd lewg us izsj.kk yh rFkk ikBksa dk <k¡pk] izk:i] fp=kadu ,oa lTtk gsrq ekxZn’kZu izkIr fd;kA

iqLrd dh Fkhe] :ijs[kk] izLrqfr ,oa ekxZn’kZu ds fy, ;g foHkkx izksQ+slj T;ksRluk frokjh] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ubZ fnYyh ds izfr fo’ks"k d`rKrk dk Kkiu djrh gSA

n`’;&dyk dh bl iqLrd dks fp=ksa ds ek/;e ls lthork iznku djus gsrq ;g foHkkx lqUnj] jfoUnz flag nyky ,oa ftrsUnz ¼dyk v/;kid] f’k{kk foHkkx gfj;k.kk½ ds izfr Hkh fo’ks"k vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gSA

foHkkx mu lHkh osclkbV~l] iqLrdksa ds ys[kdksa] laLFkkvksa o if=dkvksa ds izfr Hkh vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gS] ftudh lkexzh dk mi;ksx ikB~;iqLrdksa ds fuekZ.k&dk;Z ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA ge mu lHkh dykdkjksa o muds }kjk vk;ksftr izn’kZfu;ksa ds vk;kstdkas dss izfr Hkh vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gS ftudh dykd`fr;ksa us iqLrd ys[ku lfefr ds lnL;kas dks izsfjr fd;k gSA

gekjs iz;klksa ds ckotwn ;fn fdlh dykdkj] jpukdkj vFkok laLFkk dk uke NwV x;k gks] rks foHkkx muds izfr Hkh vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gSA Hkfo";

esa uke dh tkudkjh gksus ij vkxkeh laLdj.kksa esa la’kks/ku dj fy;k tk,xkA

iqLrd fuekZ.k dk;Z ds nkSjku ys[kkadu ,oa lalk/ku izac/ku ds fy, /keZiky ijekj ,oa othj flag xksnkjk] jkT; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf’k{k.k ifj"kn] xq:xzke dk Hkh ;g foHkkx vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gSA

iznhi dqekj

funs’kd]

ekSfyd f’k{kk gfj;k.kk]

iapdwykA

[vi]

f'k{kdksa ds fy,

dyk vfHkO;fDr dk lqUnjre~ :i gSA euq"; vius thou esa tks dqN Hkh ns[krk gS] vuqHko djrk gS] dYiuk djrk gS o le>rk gS] og mls vfHkO;Dr Hkh djus dh bPNk j[krk gSA vfHkO;fDr ds fy, dyk dk iz;ksx djuk vkfndky ls pyk vk jgk gSA vkfndky esa euq"; vius Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr xqQkvksa eas fp= cukdj djrk FkkA fQj dkykUrj esaa dyk dh vfHkO;fDr feVV~h ds crZu] ewfrZ;k¡] eksgjsa] f[kykSus] u`R;&xk;u vkfn ds ekè;e ls Hkh djus yxkA

;g ,d lkoZHkkSfed lR; gS fd cPpksa esa lkSaUn;Zcks/k (Aesthestic Sense) vius vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k ls gh gksrk gSA n`’;&dyk bl mÌs’; dh iwfrZ esa lokZf/kd o mRd`"V Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gSA lkSUn;Zcks/k orZeku ;qx esa euq"; thou dks lqUnj o lQy cukus esa fufoZokn :i ls loksZre dkjd gSA bl iqLrd esa gekjk iz;kl gS fd cPps dsoy udy djuk uk lh[k dj Lo;a dks vfHkO;Dr djus dh vksj izD`r gksaA vk’kk gS ;g iqLrd vius uke ds vuq:i ckydksa dks dyk ls tksM+us ds fy, lsrq dk dk;Z djsxhA

dyk lsrq ds mís’;%

1- cPpksa esa lkSaUn;Z cks/k tkx`r djukA

2- cPpksa dks vius fopkjksa o Hkkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus esa leFkZ cukukA 3- cPPkksa dks dYiuk’khy cukukA

4- cPpksa dks l`tukRed dk;ks± dh vksj izo`Ÿk djukA 5- Lojkst+xkj dh laHkkouk,¡ c<+kukA

iqLrd ds ckjs esa%

iqLrd dk vkdkj {kSfrt j[kk x;k gS] blls fp= cukrs le; ckydksa dks gkFk dk [kqydj iz;ksx djuk lqxe gksxkA iqLrd nks Hkkxksa esa gS& fp=dyk ,ao T;kfefrA nksuksa gh Hkkx egRoiw.kZ ,oa ,d nwljs ds iwjd gaSA iqLrd esa lkekU;r% ck;k¡ i`"B funsZ’kkRed ,oa O;k[;kRed gS rFkk nk;k¡ i`"B ckydksa dks Loa; djds lh[kus gsrq fn;k x;k gSA ckyd fo"k;ksa ds vf/kdkf/kd vH;kl gsrq vyx ls Mªkbax&Qkby dk iz;ksx vo’; djsaA iqLrd cky&dsafnzr ,oa xfrfof/kijd gSA iqLrd dh fo"k;oLrq ,oa fØ;kdyki vk;q ,oa Lrjkuq:i gSaA fo"k;oLrq dh Li"Vrk gsrq jaxhu ,oa vkd"kZd fp=ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA iqLrd esa isafly o jaxksa ds iz;ksx ij ppkZ djus ds mijkar eq[; :i ls pkj Fkheksa ij vk/kkfjr ikBksa dks fy;k x;k gSA ;s Fkhe gSa& oLrq vk/kkfjr]

izd`fr vk/kkfjr] ekuo vk/kkfjr rFkk ijaijk vk/kkfjr vH;klA bu lHkh Fkheksa ds ek/;e ls ckydkas dks muds fudVre ifjos’k dks dyk ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kus] le>us o vfHkO;Dr djus ds Hkjiwj volj fn;s x, gSaA

iqLrd esa tgk¡ ckydksa dks muds izkd`frd ifjos’k ls tksM+rss gq, i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds izfr tkx:d fd;k gS ogha ijaijk vk/kkfjr vH;klksa ds ek/;e muesa viuh ijaijkvksa ,oa lkaLd`frd /kjksgj ds izfr ljkguk ,oa vkRexkSjo ds Hkkoksa ds fodkl gsrq Hkh volj fn, x, gSaA T;kferh; vkd`fr;ksa dh le> ds ek/;e ls ckydksa esa okLrqdyk laca/kh vkdkjksa ,ao vkd`fr;ksa dh le> ds fodkl dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA iqLrd esa varjFkhe (Interthematic) ,oa varjfo"k;h (Intercurricular) ,izksp dks viuk;k x;k gSA

[vii]

v/;kid dh Hkwfedk%

cPpksa ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ bl iqLrd esa vkidh Hkwfedk lg;ksxh o ekxZn’kZd dh jgsxhA blds fy, vko’;d gS fd xfrfof/k;ksa ds uhps QqV uksV esa f’k{kdksa ds fy, fn, x, funsZ’kksa dks /;ku ls i<+saA

iqLrd cky&dsafnzr gS vr% v/;kid viuh lksp ds vuqlkj cPpksa dks lkspus o vfHkO;Dr djus dh vis{kk u j[ks ojuk mUgsa Lora= :i ls lkspus]

le>us o vfHkO;Dr djus ds volj nsaA cPpksa dk mRlkgo/kZu djus gsrq muds }kjk fd;s x, dk;Z dh ljkguk djsa rFkk muds n`f"Vdks.k dks egŸo nsaA vki bl ckr dk fo’ks"k /;ku j[ksa fd cPps nwljksa }kjk cuk, x, fp=ksa dk vuqlj.k de ls de o fp=kadu ds ewy fl)kUrksa dks le>us Hkj ds fy, djsaA vkidks mUgsa vf/kdkf/kd izd`fr o vkl&ikl dh oLrqvksa dks fpf=r djus ds fy, izsfjr djuk pkfg, rkfd oks vUr esa viuh Le`fr ls vius dks vfHkO;Dr djus esa l{ke gks ldsa tks bl fo"k; dk ewy o vfUre mÌs’; gSA

ftl izdkj laxhr lh[kus ds fy, lquuk vko’;d gS mlh izdkj n`’;dyk esa ns[kuk (Observation) vFkkZr voyksdu] ds fcuk lh[kuk laHko gh ughaA vr% cPpksa dks phtksa vkSj vkl&ikl ds n`’;ksa dks xgjkbZ ls voyksdu ds fy, izsfjr djsaA blh izdkj ftl rjg ls laxhr esa fj;kt+ (Practice) ds vHkko esa laxhrdkj dk fodkl #d tkrk gS mlh izdkj n`’;dyk esa fujUrj Ldsfpax (Sketching) ds fcuk n`’;dyk ,d Hkh dne vkxs c<+uk vlEHko gSA vr% vki fujUrj cPpksa dks Ldsfpax ds fy, izsfjr djrs jgsaA

ikBksa esa nh xbZ fo"k;oLrq dks ns[kus] le>us ds fy, d{kkd{k ls ckgj ys tkdj ckydksa dks muds ifjos’k ls ewrZ vuqHko nsaA ckydksa dks vfèkdkfèkd dk;Z lewg esa djus ds volj nsaA ikB dk fu;kstu rS;kjh d{kk esa tkus ls iwoZ djsa rFkk vko’;d TLM dks d{kk esa lkFk ysdj tk;saA tgk¡ vko’;d gks n`’;&JO; ek/;e o 'kSf{kd rduhdh dk iz;ksx Hkh djsaA n`’; dyk ds fofHkUu :iksa ds ek/;e ls ckydksa ds lokZxh.k fodkl esa iw.kZ lgk;d cussaA ckydksa }kjk fd, x, dke dk vkdyu dke djus ds nkSjku djsaA dk;Z esa iw.kZ n{krk dh vis{kk u j[ksa ojuk ckyd ds fuft n`f"Vdks.k dks egŸo nsaA cPpksa }kjk fd, x, dk;Z ij frfFk Hkh Mkyas rkfd le; chrus ds lkFk os vius fd, x, dke esa ifjorZu o lq/kkj ns[k ldsaA ckyd ds iz;klksa dh ljkguk djds mldk mRlkgo/kZu djsa blls mlds vkRefo’okl esa o`f) gksxhA rRi’pkr~ vko’;drkuqlkj ekxZn’kZu djsaA fofHkUu xfrfof/k;ksa ds ek/;e ls ckydksa esa n`’;dyk ds {ks= esa visf{kr] Kku] dkS’ky ,ao izo`fŸk (attitude) ds fodkl esa lgk;d cusaA cPPkksa dh miyfC/k dk fuajrj fjdkMZ rS;kj djsaA muds }kjk cuk;s x, fp=ksa dk ,d iksVZQksfy;ks Hkh cuk,¡A iqLrd esa fn, x, lHkh ikBksa ds ek/;e ls ckydksa esa voyksdu] l`tu’khyrk]

dYiuk’khyrk] ppkZ] dykRed vfHkO;fDr] lg;ksx] iz;ksxhdj.k] iz’u djuk] jk"Vªh; ,ao i;kZoj.k laca/kh ljksdjksa ds izfr fparu’khyrk vkfn vusd dkS’kyksa ds fodkl ds volj fn;s x, gSA

bl izdkj Nk=ksa dh ekSfyd Hkkoukvksa dks n`f"VØe] vuqikr] jax;kstuk] vkSj Nk;k&izdk’k vkfn fp=dyk ds fl)kUrksa ds vuq:i <kydj mudh jpukRedrk] dYiuk’khyrk ,oa dykRed vfHkO;fDr dks fodflr djus ds volj iznku djsaA

MkW- fdj.ke;h

funs’kd

jkT; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf’k{k.k ifj"kn~

gfj;k.kk] xq#xzke

[viii]

v / ;k; 1-

isafly vkSj mldk iz;ksx 1&8

v / ;k; 2-

vkÑfr;k¡ ,oa vkdkj 9&16

v / ;k; 3-

jaxksa dh nqfu;k 17&24

v / ;k; 4-

izÑfr vk/kkfjr 25&38

v / ;k; 5-

ekuo vkÑfr 39&46

v / ;k; 6-

ijEijk vk/kkfjr 47&56

v / ;k; 7-

ltkoVh fMtkbu 57&62

v / ;k; 8-

T;kfefr 63&72

fo"k;&oLrq

STUDENT ASSESSMENT

Lesson No. Subject Expected

Practical No. of times practical done Extra

Practical Teacher

Signature 1 isafly vkSj mldk iz;ksx ¹⁰

2 vkÑfr;k¡ ,oa vkdkj ¹⁰

3 jaxksa dh nqfu;k ⁵

4 izÑfr vk/kkfjr ¹⁰

5 ekuo vkÑfr ¹⁰

6 ijEijk vk/kkfjr ⁵

7 ltkoVh fMtkbu ⁵

8 T;kfefr ¹⁰

1

isafly vkSj mldk iz;ksx

v/;k;

isafly vkSj mldk iz;ksx

fp= esa fofHkUu izHkkoksa dks fn[kkus ds fy, vyx&vyx izdkj dh isaflyksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA isaflyksa dh fofHkUu xzsMksa ds vuqlkj Softness o eksVkbZ c<+rh tkrh gSA bl d{kk esa ge 2B o 4B xszM dh isaflyksa dk iz;ksx djuk lh[ksaxsA tSSlk fd fuEu fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA

;g Hkh tkusa

2B o ^4B ds ckn isafly ^6B o ^8B dh isafly dk iz;ksx Hkh gksrk gSA

^{2B 4B}

[3]

vc djsa & 2B o ^4B isafly dk vyx&vyx rjhds ls iz;ksx djsaA

f'k{kd funsZ'k f'k{kd cPpksa dks ^2B o ^4B dh isafly dk vyx&vyx rjhds ls iz;ksx djus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

2B

o

isafly ls 'ksfMax izHkko

fdlh fp= ds izHkko dks 'ksfMax }kjk tkuk tkrk gSSA oLrq esa 'ksfMax ls mHkkj o xksykbZ fn[kkbZ tkrh gSA blh ls mls f}vk;keh vkÑfr (2D shape) ls f=vk;keh vkdkj ^{(3D form)} feyrk gSA oLrq ij ,d rjQ ls izdk'k iM+us ls lqMkSyrk curh gSA

fdlh Hkh fp= esa ^2B o ^4B isafly ds iz;ksx ls fp= ds ewy vkdkj vkSj lrg dh cukoV ^(Texture) dks n'kkZrs gSA

yksVk

eVdk

irk yxk,¡

lrh'k xqtjky Hkkjr ds izfl) fp=dkjksa esa ls ,d gSA baVjusV] iqLrdky;] if=dkvksa rFkk vU; lzksrksa ls irk yxk,¡ fd lrh'k xqtjky dk tUe dc vkSj dgk¡ gqvk\ mudh izfl) fp=dkfj;ksa ds Nk;kfp= bdV~Bk djsa o viuh Qkby esa fpidk,¡A

Satish Gujral Born: 25th Dec. 1925

[5]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, fp=ksa esa ^2B/4B isafly }kjk gYdk] e/;e o xgjk izHkko fn[kk,¡A

fxykl ex tx

eVdk yksVk cksry

f'k{kd funsZ'k f'k{kd cPpksa dks gYdk (Light), e/;e (Medium) o xgjk (Dark) izHkko n'kkZus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

izdk'k o Nk;k

fdlh Hkh oLrq dks izdk'k ds ek/;e ls ns[kk tkrk gSA tc izdk'k oLrq ij iM+rk gS rks oLrq dk ,d Hkkx pedhyk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS vkSj tgk¡ ij izdk'k lh/kk ugha iM+rk ogk¡ Nk;k fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA izdk'k o Nk;k okys Hkkxksa dks fofHkUu xzsM dh isaflyksa ls fn[kk;k tkrk gSA ;gh xzsMs'ku gSA

oLrq esa izdk'k o Nk;k ds izHkko dks isafly ds de ;k T;knk ncko ds lkFk ;k fofHkUu xzsM dh isafly ls fn[kk;k tk ldrk gSA bUgha ls oLrq esa gYdk (Light), e/;e (Medium) o xgjk (Dark) izHkko fn[krk gSA tSlk fd fuEu fp=ksa esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA

di yksVk eVdk

f'k{kd funsZ'k f'k{kd cPpksa dks fofHkUu oLrqvksa ij vyx&vyx dks.k ls izdk'k iM+us ds dkj.k] oLrqvksa ds vkdkj esa gksus okys n`’;kRed cnyko dk voyksdu djuk fl[kk,¡A

uksV & iz;kl djsa fd oLrq ij izdk'k ,d rjQ ls iM+sA

[7]

vc djsa & cPpks uhps fn, x, LFkku ij fofHkUu xszMksa dh isaflyksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, viuh ilan ds oLrq fp= esa izdk'k o Nk;k ls^, gYdk ^(Light)] e/;e ^(Medium) vkSj xgjk ^(Dark) izHkko fn[kk,¡A

f'k{kd funsZ'k f'k{kd cPpksa dks oLrq fp=.k esa izdk'k o Nk;k ls Light, Medium o ^Dark ds izHkko fn[kkus eas mudk ekxZn'kZu djsa vkSj vf/kdkf/kd oLrq fp=.k dk vH;kl djok,¡A

uksV & iz;kl djsa fd oLrq ij izdk'k ,d rjQ ls iM+sA

xzsMs'ku dk tknw

uhps fn, x, xzsMs'ku ds fp= dks /;ku ls ns[kas rFkk uhps fn, x, LFkku ij Lo;a isafly ls xzsMs'ku dk vH;kl djsaA

f'k{kd ds fy, f'k{kd cPpksa dks xzsMs'ku djus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsa vkSj blds vykok vU; oLrqvksa dk fp=.k dj xzsMs'ku dk vfèkd ls vf/kd vH;kl djok,¡A

vkÑfr;k¡ ,oa vkdkj

v/;k; 2

vkÑfr;ka ,oa vkdkj

vkvks cPpks] vc bl vo/kkj.kk ^(Concept) dks vkSj Li"Vrk ls le>us ds fy, ge ,d xfrfof/k djds ns[krs gSaA

f'k{kd A4 Size dk xÙkk ;k dkMZ cksMZ ysdj mlesa pkjksa rjQ 4-4 cm dk ckMZj nsdj chp ds fgLls dks vk;krkdkj esa dkV dj fudky ysa vkSj mlds Åij dksbZ Hkh ikjn'khZ pht+ tSls dk¡p] acrylic

'khV] lyksfQu isij vkfn fpidk dj (View finder) rS;kj djsaaA vc f'k{kd dksbZ Hkh ,d ?kukdkj oLrq dk bl Ýse (View finder) esa la;kstu djds LdSp iSu ;k White cksMZ ekdZj ls Vªsl djds cPpks dks fn[kk,¡A bl xfrfof/k ls okLro esa ge f=vk;keh (3D) oLrq dk f}vk;keh fp=ry ij f=vk;keh izHkko iSnk djrs gSA

[11]

vc djsa & cPpks vius d{kkd{k esa viuk View finder rS;kj djsa vkSj vyx&vyx dks.k ls ?ku@?kukHk@'kadq (Cube/Cuboids/Pyramid)

dks Vsªl djsa tSlk fd vkidks uhps fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gS rFkk mldks ns[kdj viuh Qkby esa cukus dk vH;kl djsaA

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks Åij fn, x, fp=ksa dk vyx&vyx dks.kksa ls ?ku@?kukHk@'kadq cukus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsa rFkk Vªsl fd, x, fp= vkSj Qkby esa cuk, x, fp= ls rqyuk djsaA

ftl izdkj fiNyh xfrfof/k esa geus vyx&vyx dks.kksa ls ?ku@?kukHk dks Vªsl fd;k mlh izdkj bl xfrfof/k esa ge ;g tkusaxs fd dSls dksbZ oLrq n`f"V Lrj ij] Lrj ls uhps ;k Lrj ls mij gksus ij dSlh fn[kkbZ nsxh\ vkvks cPpks] uhps fn, x, fp=ksa ls ge n`f"V Lrj dks tkusaA

V.P. = Vanishing Point

[13]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, fp=ksa esa n`f"VLrj dk izdkj crk,¡ vkSj mudk uke fy[ksaA

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks Åij fn, x, fp=ksa esa n`f"VLrj igpkuus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsa vkSj vf/kdkf/kd fp=.k dk vH;kl djok,¡A

n`f"VØe fl)kUr

lkekU; n`f"VØe (Normal Perspective) : tc fdlh ?ku@?kukHk dk ,d [kM+k ry fiDpj Iysu@fp=ry ds lekukUrj gksxk rks mlds fupys o Åijh ry ds fdukjs nwj ,d fcanq dh vksj (One point perspective) n`f"V Lrj ij >qds gq, feyrs izrhr gksrs gaSA

dks.kh; n`f"VØe fl)kUr (Angular Perspective) : tc fdlh ?ku@?kukHk dk dksbZ [kM+k ry fiDpj Iysu ds lekukUrj uk gks rks mu nksuksa ryksa ds fdukjs nks foijhr fn'kkvksa esa (Two point perspective) n`f"V Lrj ij >qds gq, feyrs izrhr gksrs gSaA

irk yxk,¡

jke dqekj Hkkjr ds izfl) fp=dkjksa esa ls ,d FksA baVjusV] iqLrdky;] if=dkvksa rFkk vU; lzksrksa ls irk yxk,¡ fd jke dqekj dk tUe dc vkSj dgk¡ gqvk\

mudh izfl) fp=dkfj;ksa ds Nk;kfp= bdV~Bk djsa o viuh Qkby esa fpidk,¡A

Ram Kumar (1924-2018)

[15]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, fp=ksa esa n`f"VØe (Perspective) dk izdkj crk,¡ vkSj mldk uke fy[ksaA

V.P.

V.P.

V.P.

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks Åij fn, x, fp=ksa dh rjg vyx&vyx n`f"VØe ls fp= cukus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsa vkSj vf/kdkf/kd fp=.k dk vH;kl djok,¡A V.P. = Vanishing Point ¼n`f"VfcUnq½

V.P.

xfrfof/k % vkvks cPpks] jax&fcjaxs dkxt ls iSu gksYMj ¼dye /kkjd½ cuk,¡A vko';d lkexzh % A4 size ds jaxhu dkxt] dSaph@dVj] xksan bR;kfnA

izfØ;k %

 21 ls-eh- size ds vyx&vyx jax ds Ng oxkZdkj dkxt ysaA

 fp=kuqlkj oxkZdkj dkxt dks chp esa ls eksM+saA

 fp=kuqlkj dkxt ds vk/ks Hkkx dks ledks.k f=Hkqtkdkj dh rjg eksMs++a rFkk uhps cps vk;rkdkj dkxt dks Hkh chp ls eksMa+sA

1 2 3 4 5 6

 fp=kuqlkj dkxt dks eksM+dj xksan ls fpidk,¡A blh rjg fofHkUu jaxksa ds 5 vU; Hkh rS;kj djsaA

 fp=kuqlkj rS;kj Ng Hkkxksa dks xksan ls vkil esa fpidk,¡A

 fp=kuqlkj rS;kj fgLls dk uhps dk Hkkx dkVsa vkSj mls iSu gksYMj ds uhps fpidk,¡A

uhps dk Hkkx

 yks cu x;k iSu gksYMjA

lkexzh

7 8 9

3

jaxksa dh nqfu;k

v/;k;

jax

cPpks] lkspks ;fn bl jax&fcjaxh [kwclwjr nqfu;k ds lHkh jax xk;c gks tk,¡ rks D;k ;g bruh lqUnj vkSj ltho ut+j vk,xh\

bl [kwclwjr nqfu;k ds lHkh jax izdk'k dh nsu gSA izdk'k geas lw;Z ls feyrk gSA lw;Z ds izdk'k esa lkr jax gksrs gSaA bu lkr jaxksa dks ge cjlkr ds fnuksa es cuus okys bUnz/kuq"k esa ns[k ldrs gSaA tSlk fd uhps fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA bUgha jaxksa ds dkj.k gesa nqfu;k jax fcjaxh vkSj lqUnj fn[krh gSA

d{kk 6 esa geus izkFkfed ^(Primary) o f}rh; (Secondary) Js.kh ds jaxksa ds ckjs esa tkukA bl d{kk esa ge ek/;fed Js.kh

(intermediate) ds jaxksa dks tkusaxsA

ek/;fed jax izkFkfed o f}rh;d jaxksa dks vkil esa feykus ls curs gaS tSlk fd uhps jax pØ (colour wheel) esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

yky ihyk gjk

vklekuh uhyk

cSaxuh larjh

Rainbow

gjk ihyk gjk

ihyk larjh ihyk

larjh

ek / ;fed jax pØ

yky cSaxuh

uhyk cSaxuh uhyk

uhyk gjk yky larjh

yky cSaxuh

Intermediate - Colour wheel

[19]

vc djsa & vkvks cPpks] izkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d jaxksa dks feykdj ek/;fed jax (Intermediate colours) cukus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA ek/;fed jaxksa dks cukus ds fy, izkFkfed jaxksa dh ek=k esa varj djuk gksrk gS tSls%&

yky $ ihyk ¾ larfj;k $ yky ¾ yky larfj;k izkFkfed $ izkFkfed ¾ f}rh; Js.kh $ izkFkfed ¾ ek/;fed Js.kh

+ = + =

mi;qZDr feJ.k esa ;fn yky jax dh ek=k c<+k nh tk, rks gesa yky larfj;k jax izkIr gksxk] ihys jax dh ek=k c<+kus ij ihyk larfj;k izkIr gksxkA ;s nksuksa jax ek/;fed Js.kh ds gksaxsA bl izfØ;k dks gjs vkSj tkequh jax esa Hkh viuk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj nwljs ek/;fed jax izkIr fd, tk ldrs gSaA uhps fn, x, LFkku ij vU; ek/;fed Js.kh ds jax cuk,¡A

+ = + =

+ = + =

+ = + =

+ = + =

f'k{kd funsZ’k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks ek/;fed jax cukdj fn[kk,¡ rFkk blds ckn cPpksa dks ek/;fed jax cukus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

rku

jaxksa esa lQsn jax ¼okVj dyj esa ikuh½ feykdj gYdk ^(Tint) rFkk dkyk vFkok fojks/kh jax feyk dj xgjk (Shade) jax izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA dkys ;k lQsn jax dh ek=k ij jax dk gYdk ;k xgjk gksuk fuHkZj djrk gSA

Primary jaxksa ls cus Tint, Tone vkSj Shade

Secondary jaxksa ls cus ^{Tint, Tone} vkSj ^Shade

Intermediate jaxksa ls cus Tint, Tone vkSj Shade

[21]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, LFkku ij izkFkfed] f}rh;d rFkk ek/;fed Js.kh ds jaxksa dh Tint, Tone vkSj Shade cuk,¡A izkFkfed

f}rh;d

ek/;fed

f'k{kd funsZ’k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks izkFkfed] f}rh;d ,oa ek/;fed jaxksa ls Tint, Tone vkSj ^Shade cukus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

irk yxk,¡

vius ifjokj esa cM+s&cqtqxks± ls irk yxk,¡ fd fdu&fdu voljksa ij jaxksyh cukbZ tkrh gS vkSj fdl lkexzh dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA jaxksyh Hkkjr dh izkphu lkaLÑfrd ijaijk vkSj yksddyk gSA vyx&vyx izns'kksa esa jaxksyh ds uke vkSj mudh 'kSyh esa fHkUurk gks ldrh gS ysfdu blds ihNs Hkkouk vkSj laLÑfr esa i;kZIr lekurk gS mnkgj.kLo:i uhps izkFkfed] f}rh;d o ek/;fed jaxksa dh jaxksyh fn[kkbZ xbZ gSA

izkFkfed

f}rh;d ek/;fed

;g Hkh tkusa

vyx&vyx izns'kksa esa jaxksyh ds uke

 mÙkj izns'k & pkWdiwjuk

 jktLFkku & ekaMuk

 fcgkj & vfjiu

 caxky & vYiuk

 egkjk"Vª & jaxksyh

 dsjy & dksye

[23]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, js[kkfp= esa viuh ilan ds jaxksa dh jaxksyh cuk,¡A

f'k{kd funsZ’k% f'k{kd cPpksa ls d{kk esa rhuksa ¼izkFkfed] f}rh;d o ek/;fed½ izdkj ds jaxksa ls jaxksyh cuok,¡ vkSj mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

xfrfof/k % vkvks cPpks jn~nh ds v[kckj ls xqynLrk (Flower Pot) cuk,¡A vko';d lkexzh % gjk o yky dkxt] v[kckj] dSaph@dVj] xksan bR;kfnA izfØ;k %

 uhps fn, x, Stepwise fp=ksa dks ns[kdj Flower Pot cuk,¡A

1 2 3 4 5

 uhps fn, x, Stepwise fp=ksa dks ns[kdj ifÙk;k¡ cuk,¡A

1 2 3

 uhps fn, x, ^Stepwise fp=ksa dks ns[kdj Qwy o ifÙk;k¡ cuk,¡A

1 2 3 4 5

 yks cu x;k xqynLrk (Flower Pot)A

f'k{kd funsZ’k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks blh izdkj vU; Qwy ifÙk;k¡ cukdj xqynLrk (Flower Pot) rS;kj djus ds fy, izsfjr djsaA

Flower Pot

4

izÑfr vk/kkfjr

v/;k;

izÑfr vkèkkfjr

lkjl yEch pksap yEcs iSj

irk yxk,¡

Hkkjr dk jk"Vªh; i{kh eksj vkSj gfj;k.kk jkT; dk jktdh; i{kh dkyk rhrj gSA vU; jkT;ksa ds jktdh; if{k;ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ,df=r djsa vkSj muds Nk;kfp= viuh Qkby esa fpidk,¡A

ckt

dcwrj eSuk mYyw dks;y

[27]

vc djsa & cPpks vc vki viuh vk¡[ksa can djds viuh ilan ds fdUgha rhu if{k;ksa dh cukoV o js[kkfp= ds ckjs esa lkspas rFkk mudk fp=.k djds vius lgikBh ls mudh igpku djok,¡A

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd d{kk esa viuh ns[kjs[k esa bl xfrfof/k dks djok,¡ vkSj cPpksa dk fp=.k esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

uhps fn, x, fofHkUu izdkj ds if{k;ksa dks mudh pksap] iw¡N vkSj iatksa ls igpkus o muds uke fy[_ksaA pksap

____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________

iw¡N

____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________

iats

____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks mi;qZDr fn, x, fp=ksa dks igpkuus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

[29]

vc djsa & cPpks vkius ftu if{k;ksa dks ns[kk gS mudh pksap] iw¡N o iats cuk,¡A

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks if{k;ksa dh fo'ks"k igpku pksap] iw¡N o iats dk fp=.k djus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

fiNyh xfrfof/k esa vkius fofHkUu if{k;ksa dh pksap] iw¡N o iats cukus lh[ksA bl xfrfof/k esa ge if{k;ksa dk Stepwise fp=.k djuk lh[ksaxs tSlk fd uhps fp=ksa esa fn[kk;k x;k gS&

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpkas dks mi;qZDr fp=ksa ds vykok vU; if{k;ksa dk Hkh Stepwise fp=.k djus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

[31]

vc djsa & cPpks uhps fn, x, LFkku ij vki vius euilan ds if{k;ksa dk fp=.k djsaA

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks vf/kdkf/kd if{k;ksa ds fp=.k dk vH;kl djok,¡A

dku

iw¡N

eq¡g

iats

ftl izdkj if{k;ksa dh fof'k"V igpku muds pkssap] flj] xnZu] /kM+] iw¡N o iats ls gksrh gS] mlh izdkj tho&tUrqvksa dh igpku muds lhax] eq¡g] dku] xnZu] /kM+ o iats bR;kfn ls gksrh gSA uhps fn, x, fofHkUu izdkj ds tho&tUrqvksa ds dku] iw¡N] eq¡g o iats fp=ksa dks igpku dj muds uke fy[ksaA

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks mi;qZDr fn, x, fp=ksa dks igpkuus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

[33]

vc djsa & cPpks] vkius ftu tkuojksa dks ns[kk gS muds dku] iw¡N] eq¡g o iats cuk,¡A

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks tkuojksa ds dku] iw¡N] eq¡g o iats ds fp=.k esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

fiNyh xfrfof/k esa vkius fofHkUu tkuojksa dh dku] iw¡N] eq¡g o iats cukus lh[ksA bl xfrfof/k esa ge tkuojksa dk Stepwise fp=.k djuk lh[ksaxs tSlk fd uhps fp=ksa esa fn[kk;k x;k gS&

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpkas dks mi;qZDr fp=ksa ds vykok vU; tkuojksa dk Hkh ^Stepwise fp=.k djus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

[35]

vc djsa & cPpks] viuh euilan ds dksbZ Hkh nks ;k rhu tkuojksa dk js[kkfp=.k djssaA

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpkas dks vf/kdkf/kd tkuojksa ds fp=.k dk vH;kl djok,¡A

isM+&ikS/kksa dk fp=kRed v/;;u

ruk o Vgfu;ksa lfgr isM+ muds Åij fofHkUu xqPNs xqPNksa esa ls Vgfu;ksa dk gVkuk Vgfu;ksa ls yVdrh tM+sa

ikS/kksa o >kfM+;ksa dk fp=kRed v/;;u

>kfM+;k¡ ikS/kk

[37]

vc djsa & vius vkl&ikl ds isM+&ikS/ks vkSj >kfM+;ksa dk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu djsa o mudk fp=.k djsaA

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dk isM+&ikS/kksa dk ruk] Vgfu;ksa vkSj xqPNs cukus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

xfrfof/k % vkvks cPpks xÙks ls Qyksa dh Vksdjh cuk,¡A

vko';d lkexzh % xÙkk] xksan] ekfLdax Vsi] dVj] ltkoVh isij bR;kfnA izfØ;k %

 xÙks ij 10 lseh- Hkqtk dh le"kVHkqt cuk,¡A

 "kVHkqt ds vkeus&lkeus ds 'kh"kks± dks feykdj nksuksa vksj 10&10 lseh- vkxs c<+k,¡A

 fp=kuqlkj lHkh 'kh"kks± ij nk,a&ck,a 3&3 lseh- fpg~u yxk,¡ vkSj mUgsa dkV ysA

1 2 3

 fp=kuqlkj "kVHkqt dh lHkh Hkqtkvksa ij ^{Half cut} yxk,¡ vkSj mlds foijhr eksM+rs gq, ekfLdax Vsi@xksan ls fpidk,¡A

4 5 6

 vc 1 bap pkSM+k o 20 bap yEck xÙks dk gS.My cuk,¡A

 fp=kuqlkj gS.My o Vksdjh ij ltkoVh isij fpidk,¡A

^{1 bap 20 bap}

7 8

 yks cu xbZ Qyksa dh VksdjhA

lkexzh

v/;k; 5

ekuo vkÑfr

ekuo vkÑfr

Block figure cukuk lh[ksaxsA

Block figure – ;g ekuo vkÑfr fpf=r djus dh lcls ljy o izHkkoh fof/k gS tSlk fd uhps fp=ksa esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA bl fof/k esa flj ds fy, ,d vk;rkdkj vkÑfr cuk,¡ ftlesa dku] ukd] gkFk vkSj gksaB u cuk,¡A flj ds vuqikr esa 'kjhj ds /kM+ ds nks ¼ukfHk ls dU/kksa rd½ o dwYgs ds fy, ,d ewy vkdkj cuk,¡A Hkqtkvksa o Vkaxksa dks /;ku ls ns[krs gq, Bhd vuqikr esa nks&nks Hkkx cuk,¡A tSlk fd fp=ksa esa fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA fp=ksa dh Hkk¡fr vius vklikl euq";ksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks ns[kdj mudh 'kkjhfjd eqnzkvksa dk v/;;u djrs gq,] mudks fpf=r djus dk iz;kl djsaA

[41]

vc djsa & vius ifjokj ds o;Ld lnL;ksa ds vaxks dks psgjs ds cjkcj ewy vkdkj dh bdkbZ ls ukis vkSj fy[kasA da/ks ls dksguh rd

dksguh ls dykbZ rd dykbZ ls m¡xfy;ksa rd nksuksa da/kks ds chp dh pkSM+kbZ xnZu ls dej ¼csYV½ rd dej ¼csYV½ ls ?kqVuksa rd

?kqVuksa ls ,M+h rd

'kjhj dh dqy Å¡pkbZ ¼,M+h ls pksVh rd½ dqy fdruh bdkbZ ds cjkcj gS \

f'k{kd funsZ'k% izkIr ukiksa dh lgk;rk ls v/;kid ds ekxZn'kZu esa CykWd fp= (Block Drawing) cuk,¡A uksV & bdkbZ dks dkxt ds vuqlkj NksVk ;k cM+k fd;k tk ldrk gSA

gkFk&iSj (Hand & Foot) % lkekU;r;k ge gkFk&iSj dh ewy vkÑfr vkSj vkdkjksa dk /;ku ls voyksdu ugha djrs ftl dkj.k ckn esa ekuo vkÑfr fpf=r djrs gq, dfBukbZ vuqHko djrs gaSA vko’;d gS fd ge vius o vU; ds gkFk&iSjksa dh vkÑfr vkSj vkdkjksa dk xgurk ls v/;;u djrs gq, fofHkUu dks.kksa ls gkFk&iSj dks fpf=r djus dk vH;kl djasA fo’ks"kdj gkFk&iSjksa dks lkeus ls ns[kdj muds fore shorting ds izHkko dks fpf=r djus dk iz;kl djsaAuhps fn, x, gkFkksa dh fofHkUUk eqnzkvksa dk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu djasA

gkFk dh fofHkUu eqnzkvksa ds fp=

[43]

vc djsa & vius gkFk dks ns[kdj m¡xqfy;ksa ds vuqikr ds vuqlkj fp= cukus dk iz;kl djsaA igys dqN iz;klksa esa lVhdrk dh mEehn u j[ksa vkSj viuk vH;kl fujarj tkjh j[ksaA

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks gkFk dh fofHkUu eqnzkvksa dk fp=.k esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

uhps fn, x, iSjksa dh fofHkUu eqnzkvksa dk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu djasA ,d nwljs ds iSjksa dk fofHkUu dks.kksa o fLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj cukus dk iz;kl djasA

iSj dh fofHkUu eqnzkvksa ds fp=

[45]

vc djsa & ,d nwljs ds iSjksa dk fofHkUu dks.kksa o fLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj cukus dk iz;kl djasA igys dqN iz;klksa esa lVhdrk dh mEehn u j[ksa vkSj viuk vH;kl fujarj tkjh j[ksaA

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpkas dks iSjkas dh fofHkUu eqnzkvksa dk fp=.k djus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

xfrfof/k % vkvks cPpks jax&fcjaxsa dkxt ls tksdj cuk,¡A

vko';d lkexzh % Scrapbook ] dSaph] isafly] LdSp isu] ijdkj] xksan] Åu] Ldsy bR;kfnA izfØ;k %

 ijdkj }kjk 4 bap dh f=T;k ls lQsn isij ij xksyk cuk,¡ vkSj mls dkV ysaA

 fp=kuqlkj tksdj dh Vksih cuk,¡A

1 2

 fp=kuqlkj tksdj ds psgjs vkSj Vksih dks xksan ls vkil esa fpidk,¡A

 fp=kuqlkj dkyk vkSj yky LdSp isu ls vk¡[k] ukd o eq¡g cuk,¡A

 fp=kuqlkj NksVs&NksVs xksys dkVdj vkSj mlesa vyx&vyx jax djds tksdj dh Vksih ij fpidk,¡ vkSj mls ltk,¡A

3 4 5 6 7

 fp=kuqlkj 5 bap yEckbZ dh vyx&vyx jaxksa dh Åu ls tksdj ds cky cukdj mls ihNs dh rjQ fpidk,¡A

 fp=kuqlkj 5 bap yEch o 1 bap pkSM+h ifVV~;ksa dks dkVs o mUgsa vkxs ls ^V vkdkj dh cukdj mls LdSp isu ls ltkdj tksdj ds psgjs ds ihNs dh rjQ fpidk,¡A

 yks cu x;k tksdjA

lkexzh

v/;k; 6

ijEijk vk/kkfjr

xfrfof/k % gekjs ns'k esa vusd rht R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSaA bUgsa eukus ds lcds vyx&vyx rkSj&rjhds gksrs gSaA ge vius fo|ky; esa Hkh vusd mRlo tSls izos'k mRlo] 15 vxLr]

26 tuojh vkfn vyx&vyx rjhds ls eukrs gSa rFkk fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ls ltkoV djrs gSaA izk;% 'kqHk voljksa dh 'kq#vkr ge iwtk&vpZuk ls djrs gSaA blds fy, gesa iwtk dh Fkkyh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vkvks cPpks] ge iwtk dh Fkkyh dks ltk,¡A

vko';d lkexzh % Fkkyh] jaxhu diM+k vFkok ltkoVh dkxt] xksVk] eksrh] nh;k] fofHkUUk vkdkjksa ds 'kh'ks] flrkjs] xkasn bR;kfnA

izfØ;k %

 Fkkyh ij vUnj o ckgj ltkoVh dkxt@jaxhu diM+k fpidk,¡A

 Fkkyh ds vUnj o ckgj ds fdukjksa ij xksVk vFkok ysl fpidk,¡A

1 2 3

 vius eu ilan rjhds ls eksrh] 'kh'ks] flrkjs vkfn ls Fkkyh dks ltk,¡A

 iwtk dh lkexzh Fkkyh ds vUnj j[ksaA

4 5

 yks lt xbZ iwtk dh FkkyhA

lkexzh

[49]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, dy'k o xqYyd ds fp=ksa dks lqUnj o ltkoVh cuk,¡A

dy'k xqYyd ¼cPpksa dk cpr cSad½

f’k{kd funsZ’k%

xfrfof/k % fo'ks"k voljksa@ mRloksa ij ?kj] fo|ky; vkfn ds eq[; }kj ij ltkoV ,oa Lokxr ds izrhd :i esa jaxksyh cukrs gSaA vkvks cPpks] jaxksyh cukuk lh[ksaA

vko';d lkexzh % lw[ks jax] pkWd] /kkxk] dhi] bR;kfnA izfØ;k %

 jaxksyh cukus ds LFkku dks lkQ djds ml ij pkd }kjk [kkdk fp=.k djsaA

 dhi dh lgk;rk ls fMtkbu dh vkmVykbu djsaA

 bl fMtkbu esa eu pkgs jax HkjsaA

 vkl&ikl fc[kjs jax dks diM+s ls lkQ djsaA

 jaxksyh dks fofHkUu oLrqvksa ls Hkh cuk ldrs gSa] tSls Qwy] ifŸk;k¡] ekcZy nkuk@ikÅMj] ydM+h dk cqjknk vkfnA

ladsr & jaxksyh dk vkdkj cM+k gksus ij /kkxs dh lgk;rk ls lh/kh vkSj o`Ùkkdkj js[kk,a [khaph tk ldrh gSA f'k{kd cPpksa dks /kkxs dk iz;ksx djuk fl[kk,¡A

;g Hkh tkusa

jaxksyh dsoy eq[; }kj ij ltkoV ek= ds fy, ugha vfirq vusd fo"k;ksa ij tSls&

csVh cpkvks&csVh i<+kvks] o`{k yxkvks] ty gh thou gS vkfn ij lans'k nsus gsrq Hkh cukbZ tkrh gSA

[51]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, jaxksyh ds fp= dks vius euilan jaxksa ls ltk,¡A

f’k{kd funsZ’k%

xfrfof/k % lkt&lTtk dh tc ge ckr djrs gSa rks ;fn ge vius }kj dks uk ltk,¡ rks ltkoV v/kwjh lh yxrh gSA vkvks cPpks] blds fy, ,d lqUnj fcanjoky ¼oanuokj½ cuk,¡A

vko';d lkexzh % jaxhu diM+k] xksVk] QkWe@xÙkk] ?kaVh] eksrh] lqbZ&/kkxk] dSaph] 'kh'ks o xksanA izfØ;k %

 1 QhV pkSM+k rFkk 3 QhV yEcs vkdkj dk ,d diM+k ysaA

 fp=kuqlkj diM+s dks chp ls eksM+dj mlds chp esa QkWe ;k xÙkk Mkydj pkjksa rjQ ls flykbZ djsaA

 diM+s ij vyx&vyx jaxksa dk diM+k@xksVk fpidk dj ;k flykbZ djds fMtkbu dks vkd"kZd cuk,¡A

 /kkxs esa eksfr;ksa dks fijksdj uhps ?kaVh cka/kdj yVdu cuk,¡ vkSj eksrh o 'kh'ks ls ltk,¡A

;g Hkh tkusa

gfj;k.kk dh ijEijk ds vuqlkj tc nqYgu nwljh ckj vius llqjky tkrh gS rks og vius lkFk gkFk ls cuh gqbZ ltkoVh oLrq,¡

ysdj tkrh gS tSls& Qqy>M+h] cUnuokj] estiks'k] fi<k] chtuk] b.Mh o >kyj bR;kfnA ftls nqlj dgk tkrk gSA cUnuokj ?kj ds eq[; }kj ij cka/kh tkrh gS tks ?kj ds iq#"kksa ¼nqYgu dk tsB] llqj vkfn½ dks ;g ;kn fnyk;k tkrk gS fd vc ?kj esa [kk¡ldj

¼[kaxkjk djds½ gh ?kqlsA bls nqYgu dks muds vkus dk irk py tkrk Fkk vkSj og muds lEeku esa vkSygk ¼?kw¡?kV½ dj ysrh gSA lkexzh

[53]

vc djsa & ?kj ds cM+ksa ls iwNsa vkSj tkusa fd vkSj fdl izdkj dh cUnuokj cukbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj mUgsa cuk,¡A blds vfrfjDrdiM+s ls vusd i'kq&i{kh] xqfM+;k] b.Mh rFkk vU; ijaijkxr ltkoVh oLrq,¡ Hkh cukbZ tk ldrh gSaA tSlk fd uhps fp=ksa esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA blh izdkj ds ltkoVh o vU; f'kYi ds dk;Z vius cM+ksa ls ppkZ dj mUgsa cukuk lh[kasA

f’k{kd funsZ’k%

egkjk"Vª ds dqN ftyksa esa ojyh tkfr ds vkfnokfl;ksa dk fuokl gSA bl vkfnoklh tkfr dh dyk gh ojyh yksd dyk ds uke ls tkuh tkrh gSA ojyh dykÑfr;k¡ fookg ds le;

fo'ks"k :i ls cukbZ tkrh gS vkSj bUgsa 'kqHk ekuk tkrk gSA ojyh dyk dh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd bleas eq[;r% lh/kh js[kk,¡ utj ugha vkrhA ;g egkjk"Vª dh yksd izpfyr dyk gSA

irk yxk,¡

jktk jfo oekZ Hkkjr ds izfl) fp=dkjksa esa ls ,d FksA baVjusV] iqLrdky;]

if=dkvksa rFkk vU;

lzksrksa ls irk yxk,¡ fd jktk jfo oekZ dk tUe dc vkSj dgk¡ gqvk\ mudh izfl) fp=dkfj;ksa ds Nk;kfp= bdV~Bk djsa o viuh Qkby esa fpidk,¡A

Raja Ravi Varma (1848-1906)

[55]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, fp=ksa ij ojyh dyk dk iz;ksx djds bUgsa ltk,¡A

f’k{kd funsZ’k%

xfrfof/k % gekjs jkT; esa ijaijk gS fd edku cukrs le; tc pkS[kV j[krs gSa rks pkS[kV ij diM+s dk cuk c/kkbZ rksrk cgu@cqvk }kjk ca/kokrs gSaA ;g lq[k&'kkafr o le`f) dk izrhd ekuk tkrk gSA vkvks cPpks ge c/kkbZ rksrk cukuk lh[ksaA

vko';d lkexzh % gjk o yky diM++k] #bZ@cqjknk] xksVk] Åu] lqbZ&/kkxk] eksrh@cVu bR;kfnA izfØ;k %

 rksrk cukus ds fy, lcls igys vki ,d gjs o yky jax dk diM+k ysa vkSj mls fp=kuqlkj ¼2 o 3½ dkV dj eksM+ ysaA

2 3 4 5

 fp=kuqlkj ¼4½ blesa :bZ@cqjknk Hkj dj fly nsaA

 fp=kuqlkj ¼5½ Åu ls iats o iw¡N cuk,¡A

 fp=kuqlkj ¼6½ cVu@eksrh ls vk¡[k cuk,¡ vkSj xksVs dks /kM+ ls fly nsaA

 yks cu x;k rksrkA

lkexzh

v/;k; 7

ltkoVh fMtkbu

ltkoVh fMtkbu % oLrq dh cukoV mldks cukus dh ;kstuk vkSj mldk [kkdk cukus dh dyk fMtkbu gSA fiNyh d{kk esa vkius T;kfefrd vkÑfr;ksa dks O;ofLFkr <ax ls cukdj ;k nksgjk dj ltkoVh fMtkbu cukuk lh[kkA blh izdkj ge ltkoVh fMtkbu izÑfr ls izHkkfor gksdj rFkk viuh dYiuk 'kfDr ls Hkh cuk ldrs gSaA

;fn ge fdlh bdkbZ dks O;ofLFkr <ax ls cukdj ;k nksgjk dj cukrs gSa rks og Ñfr lqUnj o ltkoVh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA tSlk fd lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls cukdj o nksgjk dj cuk, x, ltkoVh fMtkbu dk uewuk uhps fn, x, fp=ksa esa fn[kk;k x;k gS&

nksgjk dj

lqO;ofLFkr

[59]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, LFkku ij Lo;ajfpr bdkbZ ls lqO;ofLFkr vkSj nksgjkdj ltkoVh fMtkbu cuk,¡A

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dk bdkbZ cukus vkSj ltkoVh fMtkbu cukus esa mudk ekxZn'kZu djssaA

dqN T;kfefrd] izkÑfrd o dYiukRed ltkoVh fMtkbu ds lqO;ofLFkr vkSj nksgjkdj cuk, uewus uhps fn, x, gSaA

[61]

vc djsa & uhps fn, x, ltkoVh fMtkbu ds uewuksa dks vius euilan jaxksa ls ltk,¡A

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks mi;qZDr uewuksa ds vykok vU; ltkoVh fMtkbu cukus ds fy, izsfjr djsaA

jaxksyh fMtkbu

T;kfefrd jaxksyh fMtkbu izkÑfrd jaxksyh fMtkbu dYiukRed jaxksyh fMtkbu

irk yxk,¡

,e- ,Q- gqlSu Hkkjr ds izfl) fp=dkjksa esa ls ,d FksA baVjusV] iqLrdky;] if=dkvksa rFkk vU; lzksrksa ls irk yxk,¡ fd ,e- ,Q- gqlSu dk tUe dc vkSj dgk¡

gqvk\ mudh izfl) fp=dkfj;ksa ds Nk;kfp= bdV~Bk djsa o viuh Qkby esa fpidk,¡A

M. F. Husain (1915-2011)

f'k{kd funsZ'k% f'k{kd cPpksa dks mi;qZDr jaxksyh fMtkbu dh rjg fofHkUu voljksa dh jaxksyh fMtkbu cukus ds fy, mudk ekxZn'kZu djsaA

v/;k; 8

T;kfefr

cgqHkqt ^(Polygon)

cgqHkqt cgqHkqt nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS&cgq$HkqtA cgq dk vFkZ gS vusd rFkk Hkqt dk vFkZ gS Hkqtk vFkkZr vusd Hkqtkvksa okyh vkÑfrA cgqHkqt esa Hkqtkvksa dh la[;k ds vk/kkj ij ukedj.k fd;k tkrk gS] tSls rhu Hkqtkvksa okyh vkÑfr f=Hkqt] pkj Hkqtkvksa okyh vkÑfr prqHkqZt rFkk ikap Hkqtkvksa okyh vkÑfr dks iapHkqt dgrs gSaA fiNyh d{kk easa ge T;kfefr v/;k; esa js[kk] js[kk[k.M]

dks.k o f=Hkqt ds ckjs esa v/;;u dj pqds gSaA bl v/;k; esa ge prqHkqZt] iapHkqt] "kVHkqt bR;kfn ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxsA

fuEu fcUnqvksa dks o.kZ Øekuqlkj (Alphabetically) feykdj ns[krs gSa fd dkSu lh vkÑfr curh gSA D;k vki bu vkÑfr;ksa dks igpkurs gSa\

D C

B A

D

C

E

B

A

D C

E

B

A

F

E F

C B

D A

D C

B A

D

C

E

B

A

prqHkZqt (Quadrilaterals) dh fofHkUu vkÑfr;ksa dk ukedj.k

oxZ^(Square) vk;r(Rectangle) leprqHkqZt^(Rhombus)

90º 90º

90º

;g Hkh tkuas

oxZ vk;r leprqHkqZt

 pkjkas Hkqtk,¡ leku gksrh gSaA  vkeus lkeus dh Hkqtk,¡ leku gksrh gSaA  pkjkas Hkqtk,¡ leku gksrh gSaA

 pkjkas dks.k ledks.k gksrs gSaA  pkjkas dks.k ledks.k gksrs gaSA  fod.kZ ,d nwljs ds yaclef}Hkkftr djrs gSaA

 fod.kks± dh yEckbZ cjkcj gksrh gSA  fod.kZ ,d nwljs dks lef}Hkkftr djrs

 fod.kZ ,d nwljs dks yaclef}Hkkftr gSaA djrs gSaA

irax :ih prqHkqZt (Kite of Trapezium) lekarj prqHkqZt (Rhomboid)

90º 90º 90º

90º

lekarj prqHkqZt irax :ih prqHkqZt leyEc prqHkqZt

 vkeus lkeus dh Hkqtk,¡ lekarj gksrh gSaA

 vklUu Hkqtkvksa ds nks tksM+s leku gksrs gSaA

 bldh dsoy nks Hkqtk,¡ lekarj gksrh

 vkeus lkeus ds dks.k leku gksrs gSaA  fod.kZ ,d nwljs dks ledks.k ij dkVrs gSaA

 fod.kZ ,d nwljs ds v/kZd gksrs gSaA  gSaAfod.kZ ,d nwljs dks lef}Hkkftr djrs gSaA

1- ,d oxZ cuk,¡ ftldh Hkqtk ^a nh gSA jpuk

• Hkqtk ^a ds leku js[kk[k.M ^AB yasA

• fcUnq ^A vkSj ^B ij ijdkj ls yEc [khapsaA

• fcUnq ^A vkSj ^B ls js[kk[k.M ^AB ds leku ijdkj [kksydj nksuksa yEcksa ij Øe'k% ^C o ^D pki yxk,¡A

• fcUnq C rFkk D dks feyk,¡A

• ABCD ,d vHkh"V oxZ gSA

a

A B

C D

2- ,d oxZ cuk,¡ ftldk fod.kZ js[kk[k.M ^mn ds leku gksA jpuk

• loZizFke js[kk[k.M ^mn ds leku fod.kZ ^AC [khapsaA

• fod.kZ ^AC dks fcUnq ^O ij lef}Hkkftr djsaA

• fcUnq ^O ij ijdkj j[kdj ^OA ;k ^OC ds leku f=T;k ysdj o`Ÿk [khapks tks lef}Hkkftr js[kk[k.M dks ^B o ^D ij dkVsaA

• fcUnq ^ABCD dks ijLij feyk,¡A

• ABCD ,d vHkh"V oxZ gSA

n m

A C

B

D O