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www.voicendata.com

VOL 26 ISSUE 09 SEPTEMBER 2019

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75

The Business of Communications

M E E T I n g T h E T E L E c O M c h a L L E n g E S

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Leaders from the Telecom sector come together to speak about the speeding up of 5G in India

FasT TrackInG 5G

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c o n t e n t

08 | Cover Story

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Fast tracking 5g

43

—aruna sundararajan

India’s Former Telecom Secretary and Chairman, Telecom Commission

—Dr nirmita narasimhan Policy Director, Centre for Internet and Society

Meeting the telecom challenges

challenges on the

Other side

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Voicemail ... 06 Editorial ... 07

Fast tracking 5g

ott

51 telecom for Entertainment

— avneesh khosla

Operations Director, Marketing, Vodafone Idea

netWorK provIDer

53 telecom for advertising and analytics

—Ben John CTO, Xandr

Iot

58 iot for ict

—ninad Desai District Chair, BICSI India

InDuStry trenDS

60 securing smartphones With Biometrics 64 How will apple’s new iPhones Fare

66 Future of nano-Electronics in the new Era of computing

68 Making smartphones Last Longer: the rise of Battery capacities

70 the Future Of Mobile gaming is Woman

teLeCoM

72 Fibre-based technologies to be a key Enabler for Digital india: Broadband india Forum

Cover Story

16 crack of Dawn...

— randeep raina CTO, Nokia 18 Designing 5g

— nitesh Bansal Senior VP & Global Head, Engineering Services, Infosys

5g

34 5g and Machine Learning

28 companies across the World are ready to Embrace 5g

poLICy

40 cloud to client

— anand Bhaskar MD, Service Providers Sales, Cisco India & SAARC 43 regulatory transformation for 5g Era

— sumit Monga Head, Government Affairs, Unlimit

MoBILIty

48 Moving on green Vehicles

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5g and new tech

Greetings friends,

Voice & Data successfully conducted the 5G Evolution: Fast Tracking 5G event recently.

It was great to hear about what the 5G economy is going to be all about. 5G is going to be the foundation of what’s going to be next. Folks talked about how 5G’s full economic benefit should be realized across the globe by around 2035. There are a variety of use cases for 5G. In massive machine type communication, it should find a place in IoT, smart meters, tracking fleet management, etc. In critical machine type communication, 5G will find use in the industrial applications, traffic safety and control and remote manufacturing.

For enhanced mobile broadband, there are Internet/applications, VR/AR, UHD video and new smartphones. Fixed wireless aceess should see use in stationary, portable and transportable applications, enterprises, home and replace fibre access. 5G will dramatically impact the acceleration of use AI/ML, Blockchain technologies in the relevant fields.

In India, the wider the channels, with more bandwidth, will allow operators to design easier cost plans and offer higher capacity to the end users with multiple services. If they have additional spectrum for nationwide coverage, they should aim to possibly offer unlimited 5G data plans.

5G is not B2C, it’s about B2B, such as smart city, driverless cars, etc. Primarily because of the density and capacity required, in the initial phase, 5G is going to be a B2B enterprise game. Another aspect of 5G is the ability to take it to the rural areas such as in smart agriculture. We need to open the spectrum to more operators and avoid monopolisation of 5G by some companies. We need to revamp the skillforce to be able to handle 5G technology. We also need to impart the skills to do things in the right manner.

Right now, we have not fully utilised 4G. 5G disruption is a bit far away from us.

Pradeep Chakraborty Editor

[email protected]

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c o V e r s t o r y

Fast tracking 5G

V

oice&Data held an event on Fast Tracking 5G on 17th of September 2019 in New Delhi. Leaders from the telecom sector were present at the event. Pradeep Gupta, CMD, Cybermedia welcomed the guests.

Leaders from the Telecom sector come together to speak about the speeding up of 5G in India

At the event on 5G evolution in India, Sukanta Dey, Strategic Advisor

& Group COO, Infomo Global, gave the opening address. Keynote speakers were Aruna Sundararajan, Former Secretary, DoT, Government of India;

Rajan Mathews, Director General, COAI

and Jitendra Singh, Senior Director, Government Affairs, India & South Asia, Qualcomm India. The panels were titled

“ The Operator Excitement,” 5G Ecosystem Enablers and “ Tech Confluence of Telecom & Cloud and Case Studies.”

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c o V e r s t o r y

Building the 5G Ecosystem Worldwide

Sukanta Dey, Strategic Advisor and Group COO, Informo Global and former Emerging Business President, Tata Teleservices, delivered the introductory keynote titled Building the 5G ecosystem worldwide. He said that the number of mobile users and their demand for data is rising exponentially. Hence, 5G is the answer, as it must handle far more traffic at much higher speeds than the base stations that make up today’s cellular networks. With 5G, users should be able to download a HD film in under a second (a task that could take 10 minutes on 4G LTE).

5 G n e t wo r ks w i l l d r i ve t h e development of new technologies in the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0, such as autonomous vehicles, virtual reality and IoT, robotics, etc.

To achieve all this, wireless engineers are designing a suite of brand-new technologies. These technologies will deliver data less than a millisecond of delay (compared to about 70ms on todays 4G networks) and bring peak download speeds of 20 gigabits per second (compared to 1 Gb/s on 4G) to users At the moment, it’s not yet clear which technologies will do the most for 5G in the long run. Five early favourites have emerged. These front-runners include millimeter waves, small cells, massive MIMO, full duplex, and beam forming.

The outcomes include a real and seamless wireless world with no more

limitations with access and zones. There will be wearable devices. IPv6 will be in use, where, a visiting care of mobile IP address is assigned according to location and connected network. There will be one unified global standard and smart radios will be in use. The user can simultaneously be connected with several wireless access technologies.

There will be multiple concurrent data transfer path.

Key features of 5G include high resolution for heavy cell phone users, bi-directional large bandwidth, less traffic, 25Mbps connectivity speed, enhanced and available connectivity for nearly the whole world, and uploading

and downloading speeds of 5G touching the peak (up to 1Gbps). 5G technology should be available in the market at affordable rates with scalable and versatile architecture.

Security and privacy will have a whole new dimension. There will be a creation of virtual assets: legislation, ownership, taxation, etc. There will be rural India focus as netizens start with 5G.

Multilingual content will be available for consumption, anytime anywhere. There will also be an impact on e-governance, health, education, consumption of goods and services, etc. .With 5G, users should be able to download a high-definition film in under a second.

Sukanta Dey, Strategic Advisor and group Coo, Informo global and former emerging Business president, tata teleservices

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5G evolution and national success

Presenting a talk on 5G : Evolution and National Success, Jitendra Singh, Senior Director, Government Affairs Qualcomm (India & South Asia) and India Head, GSA, said the mission is to connect India. He said:

• Universal broadband coverage at 50 Mbps to every citizen.

• 1 Gbps connectivity to all Gram Panchayats of India by 2020.

• 10 Gbps connectivity to all Gram Panchayats of India by 2022.

• Enable fixed line broadband access to 50% of households.

• ‘Unique Mobile Subscriber Density’ of 55 by 2020.

• ‘Unique Mobile Subscriber Density’ of 65 by 2022.

• Public Wi-Fi Hotspots to reach 5 million by 2020.

• Public Wi-Fi Hotspots to reach 10 million by 2022.

There is also a need to make India a 5G hub, in terms of having design houses and local manufacturing. He provided some interesting figures.

• In China, as of Aug 18, 788 Mn accessing internet via mobile, accounts for 98% of Chinese netizen population.

• China users spend, on average, 200 Bn hours on apps, 4.5 times longer than India.

• Nearly four-fifths of the world’s mobile data traffic will be video by 2022.

• Global cloud data center traffic is expected to reach 19.5 zettabytes (ZB) per year by 2021.

• Global cloud data center traffic will represent 95% of total data center traffic by 2021, versus 88%

in 2016.

• By 2021, video will account for 85% of traffic from data centers to end users, compared to 78%

in 2016.

• By 2021, data stored on devices to reach 5.9 ZB, which is 4.5x higher than data stored in data centers.

• By 2021, largely due to IoT, total

amount of data created will reach 847 ZB per year, up from 218 ZB per year in 2016.

On AI, he said,

• By 2022, AI augmentation will create $3.9 trillion of business value.

• By 2025, it is predicted that AI edge device attach rates will be 100%, up from 10% in 2018.

• Almost all device categories will have an AI processor in them.

• China’s economy benefits most from AI, its GDP becoming 26.1%

higher in 2030.

• North America: GDP growth due to AI by 2030 - 14.5% ($3.7 trillion)

• Northern Europe: GDP growth due to AI by 2030 - 9.9% ($1.8 trillion)

• Developed Asia: GDP growth due to AI by 2030 - 10.4% ($0.9 trillion)

• Latin America: GDP growth due to AI by 2030 - 5.4% ($0.5 trillion).

The 5G value chain alone could generate up to $3.5 trillion in revenue in 2035. The 5G value chain alone could support up to 22 million jobs. The total contribution of 5G to real global GDP growth is expected to be equivalent to a

country like India.

H e e l a b o rate d o n n i n e key considerations for 5G spectrum. These are peak data rates, latency, mobility, spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, user density, network capacity, reliability, and user type.

Spectrum for 5G is required for low, mid and high bands. Specifically, low- band below around 2 GHz, with wide- area coverage and deep indoor services, in 600MHz and 700MHz. In the mid-band, above 2 GHz to around 6 GHz combination of both coverage and capacity. These will be required in the 2.3GHz and 2.5GHz, 3.4GHz and 4.8 GHz, and 2.4GHz and 5GHz. Finally, for high-band, the need is above 6 GHz at extremely high peak data rates, in 26GHz and 28GHz, and 40GHz and 60GHz, respectively.

Rajan Mathews, Director General, Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI), said that standards are taking prominence in terms of making the country ready for 5G. We’ve done many things, which are right and necessary.

Sovereignty today means the ability to stop the cyber threats and it transcends borders. We have to be ready on the technology forefront and that includes 5G users want higher internet speed to drive emerging technology ventures Jitendra Singh, Senior Director, government Affairs Qualcomm (India & South Asia) and India Head, gSA

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c o V e r s t o r y

e.g., automatic vehicles, robotic surgery etc. 5G is cost efficient. We are ready to adopt it.

We have got to get the pricing of the spectrum right from TRAI. 5G will not supplement 4G and will not be a wall- to-wall network. It has to be integrated with 4G. Our 4G is already prepared for 5G. Security is embedded in our 5G standards. It is not going to be a B2C, but a B2B issue.

Ms. Aruna Sundararajan, former Telecom Secretary, DoT, Government of India, said there are lot of people who feel that we’ve not even been given 4G fully, so why we need to spend so much of time and energy on 5G. We need to understand that 5G is a single all-purpose technology. More than 50%

of the global trade last year was in the digital arena and primarily on mobile. It is also recognised globally that this is the new commercial engine for the world.

Even the US Congress is spending time to understand 5G.

It has not only the economic, but also strategic consequences. We all know that India is facing a slowdown and hence, we need new growth engines.

In our economic analysis we’ve not fully understood the role of ICTs and telecoms.

For India, at this juncture we know for a fact that the digital sector is going to be on the forefront.

We look at the economically viable infrastructure. It is the digital infrastructure that is the most important.

We can’t wait for more than 1.5 years to get 5G. Our Parliamentarians and Chambers of Commerce must discuss the importance of 5G.

Pradeep Gupta, CMD, Cybermedia, noted that 5G is not just a telecom technology. It’s a common platform for businesses. It is essential to help the emerging technologies grow.

The Operator Excitement

NK Goyal, Chairman, TEMA, said that just to place it in perspective, earlier we were talking about when 5G will happen.

The fact today is that 5G has already happened. There are a large number of Rajan Mathews, Director general, Cellular operators Association of India (CoAI)

Ms. Aruna Sundararajan, Former telecom Secretary, Dot, government of India

pradeep gupta, CMD, Cybermedia

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operators in some of the markets who have gone commercial with 5G. So it’s not a myth anymore, it’s a reality. In US all operators have adopted 5G.

In Japan, Korea, Australia, some parts of Europe and in some countries in the West Asia also 5G has been adopted.

5G makes the mobile connectivity to a different level. It connects every part of the society. So, it’s a societal change which will have an overall impact on the entire environment and on the economy in the future. It’s a phased revolution.

There are three broad categories of 5G – ultra broadband, massive machine to machine and ultra low latency. All of these have different types of use cases associated with them. Ultra latency may be a good use case for a mature market like the US, but may not be a use case for India. Similarly, use cases around making smart cities smarter, making water leakage less, making agriculture smarter, making virtual classrooms, remote medicine, making automotives sensor avert accidents are important. We keep debating whether it’s the right time for India to have 5G.

However, in today’s world of tech savvy consumers, it’s not going to be easy to keep the consumers deprived of any new technology that comes in. So, it

should happen as soon as possible.

Rahul Vatts, Executive VP & Head, Regulatory & Corporate Affairs, Vodafone- Idea, noted that 5G is going to be a digital platform for society. There are issues which we have to go around and I think we’ll able to do it. We at Vodafone are already prepared for 5G 80-90% and only thing we need to test is various use cases.

Right now, we have not fully utilised 4G.

5G disruption is a little bit far away from us. Theoretically yes, but in practical terms, it may take time.

Another important point is the pricing.

Germany has sold the 5G spectrum at 1 Million per MHz. In India, TRAI has asked for Rs. 5 million per MHz. Germany has 40% more revenue than India. This is not going to work out for the operators.

Adequate quantity is the second thing that remains unaddressed as far as the operators are concerned. The third aspect is the way the spectrum is going to be sold.

We have to open the spectrum to more operators and avoid monopolisation of 5G by some companies.

Arvind Bali, Director, TSSC, said that we are ahead of the most of the world in telecom and we are catching up with the developed world. We are not only talking about 5G technology. We are talking about an ecosystem where we will not only provide 5G technology to the nation,

but we’ll provide a lot of services to the world. Many people are asking we are just going towards 4G and why we have to spend so much energy in moving towards 5G. The world is changing very fast. Every year there is a dramatic change. We have to make our lives better in every aspect.

This can happen only when we have high speed network and we have to be prepared to receive technologies such as IoT, AI, ML, AR, VR etc. If we don’t have 5G at par with the world, the rest of the technology won’t be at par with the world either.

Vipin Tyagi, Executive Director &

Chairman on Board, C-DOT, said that 5G will be panning out caring, sharing, changing and growing. More and more applications of 5G are being proposed.

How are you going to care for the end users and customers? Second is sharing.

We have to share the infrastructure and achieve the efficiency of 5G. This was not there in the case of 5G.

Telecommunication is no longer just telecommunication. We are now part of other sectors as well. There are sector-specific challenges. The core issue is that telecommunication now has to become enabler. Growing is very important. If we don’t grow, the engagement process will not proceed. Growing is very important.

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c o V e r s t o r y

The customer’s participation in the change process of the economy has to undergo a change. What we have to see is what things will happen with 5G, how our infrastructure and knowhow will be more competitive, how more jobs will get created, how the paradigm shift will happen in the pharmaceutical industry.

Unless we are able to define all this, 5G economy will not exist.

Amit Marwah, CMO, Nokia India, said that there are important things that need to be considered when adopting 5G. First, the spectrum needs to be harmonised across the world. We shouldn’t re- invent something of our own. In terms of consisting between networks and devices, we have a great opportunity in front of us from the government. We should use this opportunity to thrash out all the issues and try to resolve them from an India-specific perspective. 5G is going to affect industries, medical services, logistics, agriculture, and so on.

It is going beyond certain connectivity to a large ecosystem. 5G can provide virtual learning in a very easy way and solve educational problems.

5G Ecosystem Enablers

Mahesh Uppal, Director, ComFirst, noted that not only is the role of the government and regulators relevant, in this particular case, it is essential. The role of the government and regulators is to give the market a framework. The concerns of spectrum, devices, software, pricing etc.; virtually each one of these issues is a market issue. Market entrepreneurs, large and small businesses have a way of addressing these issues. People know where pitfalls lie and what opportunities there are.

The success of 5G will depend upon two-three major points. One key issue is how and when the spectrum is made available, when and how 5G is deployed and to what extent. The cost of 5G

deployment is going to cost about 5 trillion rupees, and this kind of money is simply not available. There needs to be an alternative objective and transparent. We must also recognise that given the state of our economy at the moment, this will be a problem. Whether the government is willing to accept the lower price, whether the operators are able to mobilise the resources will determine when and how 5G will be deployed, irrespective of the technology, use cases etc. Another issue is of licensing.

Randeep Raina, CTO, Nokia India, added that while we evolve our infrastructure to adapt to 5G, we need to revamp our skillforce to be able to handle 5G technology. Getting the skilled labour is not that easy. We need to impart the skills to do things in the right way.

We anticipated the need for 5G. We have to think how India can become a manufacturing hub with 5G how we can also export equipment outside India.

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While regulators, administrators, operators and other stakeholders are working out how fast we can get 5G, we have already made plans and are working out the needs of the market much before the network comes.

Amit Sinha Roy, VP, Strategy &

Marketing, Tata Communications, noted that about spectrum, we need to think what spectrum is. It’s just a band of radio frequency waves that we’d allow someone to use. I feel that we’re spending undue amount of efforts on spectrum aspect when there are so many other things to look at. 5G is actually an extension of wired broadband network. If we don’t have the requisite infrastructure it would be difficult to deploy 5G. Network function virtualisation, software configuration and several other technologies will have to be deployed by the operators.

We are already seeing the 5G devices coming in, but that’s only scratching the tip of the iceberg. 5G is not a B2C, it’s about B2B such as smart city, driverless cars etc. Primarily, because of the density and capacity required, in the initial phase,

5G is going to be B2B enterprise game.

Another aspect of 5G is the ability to take it to the rural areas such as in smart agriculture. But, you may not have the required density in the rural areas that you can potentially provide in urban areas. So, we have to ensure that we are able to install 5G wherever our use cases are.

Tech Confluence of Telecom

Maj. Gen Ravi Chaudhary, Former Head - Digital Army Project, said that network convergence has happened. Data is being digitised. It has converged our work, data and video. Another kind of revolution is asynchronous. When data came in IP, this has led security issues. Everything is becoming virtualised. We look at the end device which has undergone a transformation from telephone to computer to smartphone and these devices became more and more portable.

Finally these convergences are merging into 5G where content and connectivity come together.

Santosh Akkula, Global CIO, Cloud

& Infrastructure, Bharti Airtel, said that we need to think how to take data close to the consumer, how to make things smart for people. What is happening globally will eventually come to India.

IoT is happening, but it will take time to become mass-used technology. OTT is rendering large number of vendors on the Internet. Content delivery is the single- most that people want. 5G is going to enable that to happen. The second wave will happen in farming. Once you have information, it is important to quickly turn it into actionable data, and to quickly use the data. Making intelligent decisions being able to make life easier for people is important. India is the cheapest in data in the world. But current pricing is not sustainable.

pradeep Chakraborty [email protected], with additional contributions from

Dr Archana verma [email protected] and rajiv pathak [email protected]

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c o V e r s t o r y

Crack of Dawn...

A discussion on the prospects of 5G and the impact of its deployment

—randeep raina

CTO, Nokia

What will change under 5G?

5G is the new generation of radio systems and network architecture that will deliver extreme broadband, ultra- robust, low latency connectivity and massive networking for human beings and the Internet of Things. Enabled by 5G, the programmable world will transform our individual lives, economy and society. It sounds like a bold claim but the reality is starting to take shape as 5G research pushes ahead to make rapid developments.

5G will be far more than just a new radio technology. It will combine existing radio access technologies (RATs) in licensed and unlicensed bands.It will add novel RATs optimised for specific bands and deployments, scenarios and use cases. 5G will also implement a radically new network architecture based on Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies.

Programmability will be central to achieving the hyper-flexibility that operators will need to support the new communications demands placed on them from a wide array of users, machines, companies from different industries and other organisations such as municipalities. 5G networks will have to be programmable, software driven and managed holistically to enable a diverse and profitable range of services.

5G is a door opener for new possibilities and use cases, many of which are as yet unknown.

N o k i a a n d t h e w i d e r telecommunications industry, are already well along the road to 5G. With 45 commercial 5G agreements, powering 9 5G New Radio live networks, and over 100 engagements, and growing, Nokia has the e2e portfolio.

What should be the approach toward security for 5G?

5G security aspects are being covered under 3GPP TS 33.501 (5G security) and 3GPP TS 33.401 (LTE security with 5G enhancements on dual connectivity) as part of the Rel’15, which has been provided baseline for the security

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infrastructure for 5G networks. Further enhancements are planned with Rel’16 in 2020 timeframe.

3GPP and ETSI have taken firm actions towards addressing 5G security concerns.

As long as products coming to India are compliant to 3GPP and ETSI standard, and have type approval secured from these bodies, there shouldn’t be any undue haste in making Indian specific security testing as this may delay the 5G introduction as India testing infrastructure takes its due course in building up necessary tools and resource competence.

Most global leaders are relying on these established type approvals for the introduction of the new technology and products. Building and maintaining security testing setup requires significant investment and time. Under no circumstances should we overburden the 5G security specifications/standards to delay our 5G aspirations and put us behind in the global 5G race.

Nokia follows a strict ‘design for security’ process and we have a long-held commitment to the highest standards in network security. Regardless of geographical location where Nokia’s products and services are manufactured or made, the same criteria are applied to ensure security and integrity, and a central team at our international headquarters verifies security status and compliance, further strengthened our commitment to network security by unveiling an enhanced

security program and establishing an advanced security testing and verification laboratory at Nokia Bell Labs in Murray Hill, NJ. DFSEC 2.0 is an enhanced security program specifically designed to address the critical security needs of 5G wide area networks.

How can India look to boost manufacturing using 5G?

The fourth stage of the Industrial Revolution, also termed “Industry 4.0”, is the next era in industrial production, aiming at significantly improving the flexibility, versatility, usability and efficiency of future smart factories.

Industry 4.0 integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) and related services in industrial manufacturing, and delivers seamless vertical and horizontal integration down the entire value chain and across all layers of the automation pyramid.

One of the most important enablers of the smart factory of the future will be the vastly increased connectivity that will link machines, processes, robots and people to create more flexible and more dynamic production capabilities. About 90% of industrial connectivity today uses wired connections, which provide the high performance and reliability needed for automation, but lack flexibility to be able to rapidly meet changing production demands.

5G is the first wireless technology

with the high throughput, low latency and extreme reliability that canreplace wireline connectivity in the factory.

Effectively, 5G is a drop-in replacement for today’s wired networks. Wireless connectivity allows additional machines to be connected by simply equipping them with wireless sensors and actuators and if required, scaling the network capacity to handle new traffic.

Nokia’s state-of-the-art manufacturing unit in Chennai is the first factory in India to start manufacturing 5G New Radio-based on the 3GPP 5G New Radio Release 15 standard. The Chennai plant is one of the largest telecom equipment manufacturing plant in the country, recently reaching the 4-million-unit annual production milestone of 2G, 3G and 4G units. It serves domestic as well as global customers, shipping to over 100 countries.

As part of an on-going program, known as the ‘Conscious factory’, the Nokia Chennai plant recently implemented the first ‘real-world’ Smart Manufacturing application of Industry 4.0 in India, leveraging solutions such as augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), connected robotics, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and Internet of Things to enhance the operations and increase productivity.

pradeep Chakraborty [email protected]

5G will be far more than just a new radio technology. It will combine existing radio access technologies (RATs) in licensed

and unlicensed bands.It will add novel RATs optimised for specific bands and deployments, scenarios and use cases. 5G will

also implement a radically new network architecture based on Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) and Software Defined

Networking (SDN) technologies

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c o V e r s t o r y

Designing 5G

A discussion on the 5 architecture and related topics

—nitesh Bansal

Senior VP & Global Head, Engineering Services, Infosys

How can you transform the underlying architecture in core networks using 5G?

While 5G can be deployed using the existing core in NSA (non-standalone) mode, the desired and ultimate target is to have an end to end 5G deployment using new 5G Core and 5G radio. This deployment called standalone (SA) mode will bring the below architectural transformations to the core.

a) Service-based architecture enabling agile service creation.

b) Functional splits allowing end-to-end slicing.

c) Fully cloud native and virtual network functions.

To enable these, the connected transport and aggregation network also have to undergo transformations.

The key changes include bandwidth upgrade to cater 10x speed of 5G, SDN enablement for programmability and Virtualisation as much as possible for enabling dynamic services. Further, these need to be orchestrated through proper cross domain orchestration to make it simple for the consuming layers.

Beyond the 5G core transformation, the RAN (Radio Access Networks) is also transforming from small cell-based architecture to micro deployments.

The open network is also fueling this transformation by bringing lot of standards, accelerators and solutions in this area. Service Integrators like Infosys are very active in this space and are driving adoption of these new architecture frameworks without compromising the efficiency or continuity of an extremely large base of existing network services. In summary, 5G is a key driver for making the network architecture more agile, dynamic and cloud native.

How will 5G promote virtualisation, AI and automation?

5G is pretty much fully cloud native and has virtualised network functions. 5G network requires virtualisation at the core and the edge. Most of the telcos are in the journey of setting up a common Network Function Virtualised Infrastructure (NFVI) to on-board 5G VNFs. The trend is to

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make this as a common ‘Telco Cloud’

across the organisation for hosting other VNFs as well.

AI and analytics are built into the 5G architecture to bring higher level of efficiencies in the network. For example, the network is designed to analyse the mobility patterns of the devices, and predict the next move of the mobile device so that the network control plane traffic can be optimised. The architecture also paves way for the network to collect data and expose analytics reports to applications for optimising the network usage and providing other useful services, while hiding the actual data from applications thereby protecting the subscriber privacy.

The agility that 5G brings through service-based architecture and slicing unlocks the extreme possibilities for AI and ML based automations. For example, trend analysis-based dynamic slice adjustments and application prioritisation within the slice, based on real-time data are possible use cases. Even the entire network operations will see a huge transformation by leveraging AI and automation, moving from the traditional NOCs (Network Operation Centre) to the DOC (Digital Operational Centre).

The key to this transformation is to start with the software architecture thinking, micro service-based and containerised to whatever extent possible. Once this is done, we continue to leverage more traditional components where the new technology is still not carrier grade but allow for the possibility to replace as

the technology gets ready for primetime action.

How will 5G empower edge computing and network slicing?

5G standard specifies three fundamental slices, namely, enhanced mobile broad band (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low- latency communication (uRLLC) and massive machine type communication (mMTC). As the name indicates, these are based on the specific characteristics they bring and catering to different use cases.

The key slices, which are empowering edge computing, are eMBB and uRLLC. With the existing connectivity technologies, many time-sensitive applications like immersive media, gaming, financial applications, autonomous vehicles, etc., cannot be moved to cloud and edge clouds, as the latency impacts the experience.

5G promises 10 times higher bandwidth and 20 times better latency, which makes it possible to move time-sensitive applications to the edge (meaning, closer to the user) with no experience loss.5G virtualises a lot of network functions, that means, there are more general-purpose compute in the data centres, including edge data centres. That increases the scope for edge computing.

How can 5G create agile, virtualised environments?

We have already talked about how 5G is enabling the virtualisation infrastructure and agile service creations. I want to bring a different angle to the virtualised and agile environment through the immersive use

cases that 5G enables. The high bandwidth and low latency promise of 5G enables immersive and mixed reality use cases possible from anywhere. This means, you can have virtual stores, immersive sports viewing, virtual classrooms, teleporting, virtual and interactive patient care, tele robotics possible, without the boundary of location, thereby, enabling a truly agile environment.

Which industries are going to move first with 5G?

There are different answers to this question, but in our analysis below are the key ones:

Manufacturing –

Mission critical and

real-time use case enablement.

Gaming and sports

– Enabling

immersive experience.

Healthcare

– Telemedicine use cases.

Transportation

– Autonomous and

connected vehicles.

Smart city and smart spaces

IoT enablement.

Finance

– Edge computing

enablement.

High bandwidth and low latency use cases are going to be the first movers.

Mobility-related use cases might take little more time as they require a larger ecosystem to be ready. Already telcos are offering fixed wireless. We are already seeing lot of traction in immersive experience space as well, both taking advantage of high bandwidth offered by 5G.

pradeep Chakraborty [email protected]

5G standard specifies three fundamental slices, namely, enhanced mobile broad band (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (uRLLC) and massive machine type communication (mMTC). As the name indicates, these

are based on the specific characteristics they bring and

catering to different use cases

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t e l e c o m l e a d e r

Meeting the

Telecom Challenges

—Aruna Sundararajan

India’s Former Telecom Secretary and Chairman, Telecom Commission

t e l e c o m l e a d e r

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Aruna Sundararajan has been India’s Telecom Secretary and Chairman of the Telecom Commission. A 1982 batch IAS officer from Kerala Cadre, she is one of the most senior civil servants of the Indian Administrative Service in the country. She has over three decades of experience in a variety of leadership roles in the Central and State Governments, especially in Economic and Development Administration, Investment Promotion and IT/Telecom Domains. She recently retired from her job. We discussed various issues of telecom industry with her

How would you describe your stint in the telecom industry?

I think, it was the most exciting because telecom is one of the most exciting, if not, the most exciting sector. At the same time, it is the most challenging and complex, and also the most educated. It has three aspects, unlike conventional sectors.

Some sectors do only the regulatory role, some others do purely the facilitating role, and some other areas do the technology role. There are very few sectors in the Government of India, and that too, remember, telecom is the exclusive domain of the centre. It is not the states! So, other than defence, telecom or railways, there is not any other sector where the Central Government department is so powerful.

It really shapes the sector more than any other department does. Railways are slightly different, because that is pure infrastructure.

Telecom has huge technology, infrastructure, and regulatory aspects, and combines all the three. It is a fascinating sector. This is the sector, where, I believe, the private and the government sectors are joined at the hip. Therefore, both have to step in hand-in-hand. Otherwise, you won’t actually have the ubiquitous telecom sector. Therefore, I would say that it was an extremely satisfying and rewarding stint.

Did you have any vision when you took charge of the DoT? Did you have an idea of how an ideal Indian telecom sector should be?

I must share this with the readers. When I moved from IT to telecom, everybody in government circles felt that it was a hefty ministry. But, as far as the economy is concerned, people believe that IT is far more dynamic and telecom is seen as problematic. So, the glamorous sector is IT. Telecom is the one with all the challenges, problems and complexities. I was not sure what was in store, although I was lucky enough to do a small stint on the development side as the head of USO Fund and the BharatNet project.

That helped me because the actual role of telecom secretary, apart from all this is a development goal, because, it is the backbone of infrastructure. It is not simply a backbone infrastructure!

It is the backbone of the infrastructure, including all types of infrastructure. I think, even in India, we have passed an inflection point where, the flow of data has become absolutely critical for the national economy, for society, and for individuals.

With that development vision, I was able to have a complete view. My USOF stint certainly helped me. The second thing was, as I had done IT, and

I knew that it may be really hard to achieve the goals of digital India without communications, as it was absolutely going to be key. Especially, up to three to four years ago, India really did not have the data revolution. Data was costly and inaccessible. The data evolution in India only happened in India because of telecom. And now I talk about 5G. At that time when I joined DoT, people were not aware about how important 5G and cyber security were going to be. Or, how important the social media platform is going to be? So, the vision really evolved over a period of time.

You were not just the first woman telecom secretary of India, but you took charge during an unusually challenging period. You came in at a time when the telecom sector was moving from phase 1 to phase 2. From voice, it was becoming services & data-centric. Can you identify the major achievements during this period?

Yes, that was quite a tumultuous period, for the entire telecom sector. It was a period of extreme disruption. This disruption happened simultaneously at several levels. The first thing was that the structure of the sector was going through a dramatic transformation — from a sector where there were too

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t e l e c o m l e a d e r

many players, suddenly, it became a sector of three private players and one public sector player. The second thing was new, emerging technologies such as 4G and 5G. Even in 4G, India made a very rapid transition from 3G to 4G. So, huge up-gradation work was going on. Thirdly, in terms of telecom, it was becoming accessible in two ways. One, the networks were growing. Two, the smart phone penetration was increasing in such a big way. Basically, we saw computing and communications coming together during this period.

In terms of the achievement, we were able to bring out a robust policy, despite all this tumultuous phase, with the participation of all stakeholders. That was a big milestone. The second milestone was BharatNet — 50% of the Gram Panchayats (GPs) were under BharatNet.

We could actually manage to put optical- fibre infrastructure. It’s a humunguously challenging project but people don’t realize it. Normally, if you are saying 250 000 villages and gram panchayats are being connected, you are talking about 250,000 infrastructure projects. Each one has some variation from the other.

It’s a non-trivial project, in terms of the scale, scope, and challenge.

The third thing was that the high-level task force was able to give a very forward- looking roadmap for the country. A lot of work was done for the ease of doing business. We didn’t have much time to talk about it, but there was significant amount of work on the spectrum side.

A lot of spectrums were de-licensed, the licensing and the import norms were simplified tremendously. Automation was

brought in a big way.

Lastly, the fact that all these M&As happened, maybe, not as fast we have wished, but the fact was that they all were successfully completed. Please remember that these are some of the biggest M&As in corporate India. They were smoothly done, despite the legal conflict. These were the main achievements.

Just before you retired, there were rumours that your tenure was going to be extended. What else, have you personally initiated if you would have some more time?

One of the things, in retrospect, I recognize is that digital communication is such a fundamental component of growth and development for India. This concerns not only the telecom department, which is driving it, but it should actually be the entire government that should drive it.

The earlier ministry of IT used to go to different Govt Departments to request to get automated systems, digitisation etc. Now, it is other way around. Now, departments are reaching out to the MeiTY for things like upgradation, moving to cloud, get analytics, business process re-engineering. Something similar has to happen in the telecom sector.

Almost virtually all healthcare, agriculture etc., all of them, eventually, are going to be dependent on technology infusion. Technology infusion today means not just IT, it also means connectivity. Therefore, one key issue, I would have liked to work much more is how to have holistic thinking in the government, and how fundamental this infrastructure is. People believe that

“The second milestone was BharatNet — 50% of the Gram Panchayats (GPs) were under BharatNet. We could actually manage to put optical-fibre

infrastructure. It’s a humunguously challenging project but people don’t realize it. Normally, if you are saying 250 000 villages and gram panchayats are being connected, you are talking about 250,000 infrastructure projects”

this mandate is the telecom sector’s responsibility. I however think this is far too fundamental, and this is what I wanted to work on.

The second thing is, I had mentioned lots of new ideas in the policy, like the National Digital Grid, the Fibre Authority etc. And more work on the spectrum. I would have liked to see more such things happenings during my period. Of course, it’s a work in progress. We were able to make a start. We need to do much more.

Also, in terms of the structure of the telecom industry, people believe that the government has no role, except to receive the revenue. How can that be? For every other infrastructure, who is putting the money into the infrastructure? The government is putting it in. From the budget, what is the amount going in for telecom infrastructure? Hardly anything!

On the other hand, we are receiving approximately 40 paise per rupee, earned by the telcos. Out of that 40 paise, we are spending only a little amount, but not all of it. That is something, India needs, because India is dependent on digital technology in a way that many countries are not. Because of the size of the country, the large population, the huge number of under-served people, IT and digital are huge growth engines. It’s not just a challenge! It’s an opportunity!! India emerged on the global stage because of the kind of the capabilities it was able to demonstrate on digital. Now, if we want to sustain, and have a leadership role, these technologies are absolutely core.

Therefore, the government will have to continue to be in the forefront to invest in this sector and promote this sector.

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One of the things that previous government wanted was to try and get the IT and telecom ministries together. Is there something that can be done?

Logically, these two ministries will always have to go together. The access, the carriage, and the content have to always go together. Undoubtedly, these to have to work hand-in-hand! Now, how do you ensure the greater convergence between the two?

First of all, the fact that there is one common minister, which is a huge step forward. But, apart from that, for example, in 5G we had Meity, IT, and DST coming together. And now after the vision document the departments are working on technology roadmap that is common. In the report, one of the committees, that I happened to be a member of, the Committee of National Critical Infrastructure, we have spoken about convergence mechanisms. There can be a holistic view of ICTs data, going forward.

This convergence in my mind, will not just be these two departments,

but, as data becomes more critical and central in our country, the entire sets of departments will use data. Many departments will have to play a role. For example, 5G is costly in India. It is not only for autonomous vehicles driven by 5G. One, it will be ultra-fast broadband.

We may want to watch AR or 3D videos.

Businesses and sector stakeholders will be looking to IoT. These are the key drivers.

The other departments will also play a big role with IoT. For example, agriculture department, power department, or healthcare department! We will see every department playing a role.

Quality of service (QoS) in our country remains a big problem for the consumers.

What’s your view on this, because when we talk to the policy makers, they say operators must handle this!

Operators have their standard concerns and complains.

I fully agree that in our country we do not have the quality of service that we need.

That has to be admitted that this is an area of weakness in the telecom sector. Two or

three issues have contributed to it. One is that creating telecom infrastructure in India is still not easy, because of the challenges around right of way. That is not something, for which we should blame the telecom. Public authorities have to stop looking at telecom as the means of getting the revenue. Unless that fundamental change in mindset happens, we should not blame only the operator. That is one big issue. Second, the operators should take responsibility. We have tariffs, which is 1/10th of the global tariffs, whereas the cost of equipment is almost the same the world over. Spectrum costs are high here and in India, we are 80% dependent on the spectrum, unlike other countries, which have landlines and optical fibre.

The lower the tariffs, the lower will be the operators capability to invest on routine maintenance and operations, that is very critical for quality of service. Since they have been trying to optimize costs, the routine maintenance of the towers and the radios has suffered. The third reason is the very rapid pace of growth.

“I fully agree that in our country we do not have

the quality of service that we need. That has to be admitted that this

is an area of weakness in the telecom sector.

Two or three issues have

contributed to it”

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t e l e c o m l e a d e r

Data has grown almost 80 times in a very short time. Every person is consuming nearly 8-9 GB data every month. It’s placing a heavy toll in the infrastructure.

Actually, not only your voice call will suffer, the data quality will also suffer.

How long will this QoS problem last?

To get out of this situation, all three need to work together. The industry, the government, and the public authorities, all three have to work together and it’s not rocket science. It’s not that we don’t have the technology, or they are not efficient.

People blame the telcos saying that they are only interested in making money.

The responsibility should be shared more widely, and we have to work together to solve this problem. Otherwise, it’s not going away. We have tripled the number of towers.

Sometime back, we were actually establishing thousands of new towers every day. Even that is not enough, in comparison to the rate of traffic growth. There is no other parameter of infrastructure consumption in which we are miles ahead of China. We are normally behind a factor of 10. Here, we are consuming voice and data much more than China and at much cheaper cost. So, we will have to resolve this problem.

As the Industry grows and the expectations grow, are there any apprehensions in your mind regarding the future of the sector?

This sector is so critical that the push of technology will ensure your infrastructure is there. Technology giants are not going to say that India does not have the infrastructure, therefore, let’s get out

of here. There is too much riding on this sector. There is relentless push for infrastructure. It may happen smoothly or may happen in more disruptive ways. And there is going to be more disruption going forward. People like Tesla, Amazon, etc., are now talking about Internet-in-the-sky.

Please don’t forget that this sector has the nature of disruption. Many things can happen and data is going to become far too valuable. There will be investment. If it is not this set of investors, somebody else will. I don’t have apprehensions about the long-term growth, but many players may get hurt. It’s going to be a scenario where one can’t say they are there forever.

Do you sometimes feel there could possibly be a virtual monopoly in Indian telecom?

I don’t think it will get monopolistic, but for sure, there will not be 10 players.

Big players dominate the world. We may not like it, but it’s a fact. Everything has become a platform and everything depends on the scale. Once you achieve a certain scale, you are bound to keep growing. If you don’t achieve a scale, you are bound to die. To some extent, it will happen in this sector too. There will not be a monopoly, but there will be 2-3 players. There will be different players for content, carriage, and converge. You can find different players being interested.

Already, many of these platforms are investing heavily, even on the connectivity side.

One of the players was telling me about the network in the cloud, the network as a service. You just invest in the cloud and all your functionality of the network in the cloud comes in.

We can’t really predict what will be the nature of the industry in future. This is a period of intense disruption. In the next 5 years, many different things will happen. I believe that 5G is a different league, where you will find many players coming in.

Have you ever had this feeling that we are pushed into 5G, because we have just got into 4G and are still trying to stabilise that?

Even the other day, I was having a discussion. One of the telcos said, we barely invested in 4G, so why should we want to go to 5G? What people forget that technology does not operate like that, technology is like water, it is relentless. You and I can’t stop this nature of technology.

Because it will become so fundamentally critical, it doesn’t care whether you have invested. It is just a question of what functionality it can deliver. If something delivers greater functionality, then people will automatically go for it.

New business models will have to emerge if technology stands. You can decide to monetise in other ways. But it doesn’t mean that people will wait.

People won’t wait today. When there are so many technologies of offer, who will say no to it. Technology is pushing and there is a demand pool from the customer side.

Once these two converge, no force cannot stop it. India will have to get ready for 5G.

It may take a little longer in villages and remote areas, but sooner or later, we will see 5G here.

Do you think there will be a commercial launch of 5G next year?

No, not by next year. By 2021, it will

“In the next 5 years, many different things will happen. I believe that 5G

is a different league, where you will

find many players coming in.”

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“As it evolves, the Indian players are also ready for 5G. If

you have a market of 700-800 million

smartphones, almost all of them

will go for 5G.

There will be always be 20%, who will not be able to pay.”

be. If the auctions are conducted by the end of this year, you need one year for the networks to be ready. A lot of the 5G upgrade is software. It’s not as complicated as the traditional telecom.

You won’t need to change every piece of hardware. Only, the up-gradation of software and the core network side. There will be segments that are willing to pay.

As it evolves, the Indian players are also ready for 5G. If you have a market of 700- 800 million smartphones, almost all of them will go for 5G. There will be always be 20%, who will not be able to pay.

One of the questions, which is now if interest to the common citizens of India is about BSNL being critically sick. What is your recommendation for BSNL?

BSNL still have good brand equity. It has two primary problems, 4G spectrum and too much manpower. If these two issues are addressed, BSNL has enough assets to overcome the crisis.

Over and above what you have said so far, what would be your advise to

the operators, the equipment vendors, and the government of India as well, to achieve the goals and targets of the National Digital Communications Policy of 2018?

To the operators, I would say India is a hyper-competitive market. It’s now, just the telecom, but you can virtually go into any sector. It is a hyper-competitive market. It is also a highly fragmented market. They will have to come up with strategies accordingly. The recommendation for the operators would be that you cannot have a play based exclusively on tariffs.

You have to differentiate yourself in some other manner. That is something they have to figure out, and see that people are bundling content much more aggressively. These are the things that could have been thought of earlier. The fact is, it’s going to be a content-driven market. How much people are willing to pay for the pipe? The pipe is becoming completely commoditised. You can’t have a complete market strategy based only on the price. You have to look at

what value-added services and what content you can provide. I don’t think the government can really do much here.

Overall, my recommendation on several occasions to the Government, and they would be the same, is that I would like to see more budgetary resources going into telecom infrastructure. I would like to see more enabling policy packages for the telecom equipment manufacturing. Then, we bring down our dependence on the others. I think it is even worthwhile giving the TSPs some kind of offset, like an offset policy, in case people manufacture domestically. Thirdly, the taxes!

Thirdly, to the equipment guys that they should stop looking at India as passive recipients. They used to charge whatever prices they wanted, but now they need to go beyond that. The TSPs should have their own technology vision.

How can the operators owning the customer will work with the backend, with no visibility? A smarter set of players are supposed to come forward. The OEMs will have to look beyond, which deserves

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t e l e c o m l e a d e r

its own place, and manufacture in India.

India today is not just a big market. It also offers you a lot of cost reduction and first-rate talent.

Telecom, compared to IT, does not seem to be as gender democratic. We are not seeing similar women participation in telecom. Do you think it is worth considering?

I don’t know what the reason is. There are many sectors where women are coming and participating in large numbers.

Perhaps, there is something in the nature of structure of telecom sector. One of the things I have been trying to change about the market structure is to create some space within this for the smaller players and the startups to come in. They could complement the big TSPs. These could be some Wi-Fi folks, the ISPs, the virtual network operators, etc. They have not really grown in our country.

When such a scenario gets created, we will see more women participation in the telecom sector. One good thing is

the large telcos are also willing to work with the startup ecosystem for the value addition. I think when we bring in the smaller players into the sector, we will see more participation of women.

We have only been talking about the big benefits of telecom. Do you sometimes feel that telecom also poses serious challenges to the society in terms of misuse of content, young generation getting addicted to the screen leading to health issues, etc?

It’s something we all should be concerned about, much more than we are currently.

It is true that in the West, including Silicon Valley, they are banning technology, because they feel that at least up to a certain age we should allow. In India, we are seeing younger children using technology. We really need to have much more nuance in promoting technology for a certain age. These are the media, which is meant to augment the richness of life, and not to deplete the richness with something of powerless value.

Finally, we are informed that you will be working with startups now. Can you share something about your plans?

I have had the opportunity to work with startup in the last 10-12 years. This is the space that is about to explode in India. I am looking at two types of start ups. One, startups that have strategic relevance! 5G would be one of them, where the government would like to see the Indian companies and startups acquire these capabilities. Second, I am looking at tech startups that work on game changing solutions for common masses, let’s say healthcare, agriculture, and micro-finance.

My focus will be to try and see how one can bridge the gap between the government and the startups. These startups need a lot of enabling policies.

Their use cases should be promoted and supported by the government. We are looking at a country-level policy making for these startups.

Ibrahim Ahmad [email protected]

“I don’t know what the reason is. There are many sectors where women are coming and

participating in large numbers. Perhaps, there

is something in the nature of structure of

telecom sector. ”

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5 G

Companies Across the World are Ready to Embrace 5G

Caveat - 5G’s disruptive features shall take time to materialise

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5 G

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5 G

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References

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