IIT Bombay

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CS 101

Computer Programming and utilization

Dr Deepak B Phatak

Subrao Nilekani Chair Professor

Department of CSE, Kanwal Rekhi Building

IIT Bombay

Session 15,Software Engineering and Course Projects Friday, September 23, 2011

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Session 15, Software Engineering and course projects

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Dr. Deepak B Phatak 2

IIT BOMBAY

Overview

• Introduction to Software Engineering

• Role of Software

• Software development process

• Course projects

• Activities to be carried out in the project

• Reporting process

• Deadlines

• Project evaluation

• Stage I

• Stage II

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Software Engineering

• Principles of Software Engineering

• Software Engineering Activities

• Process Maturity Measures

• ER Model

• Functional Model – Data Flow Model

• User Interface Issues

• Software Requirement Specifications (SRS)

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Role of Software

• Classical categorization – System Software

– Application Software – Embedded software – Web applications

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System Software

– OS, Programming Languages (3GL) compilers

– 4GL (SQL), Rapid Application Development (RAD) Tools – Tools To Build Software Keep Evolving

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Application Software

• Determines Business Functionality

• Students’ Information system, Accounting, payroll, … – Railway reservation, Core banking, …

– Simulators, Equation solvers, genome sequencing – Typical Life Cycle: 10 -25 Years

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Embedded systems

• Software inside any gadget or appliance

– Washing machines, watch, camera, lift, car, aircraft, … – Equipment in manufacturing Plant, Instruments

• Some special characteristics

– Code size has to be ‘compact’

– Changes in versions are difficult – Development cycle is longer

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Software Engineering

• Software is Developed or Engineered – Not Manufactured

• Hardware does wear out

• Software does not “Wear Out”

– May Become Un-Maintainable

• Most Software is Custom-Built

– Limited Role for Packaged Products Which Need Customization and Integration With Other Apps.

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Definition

• Application Of a Systematic, Disciplined, Quantifiable Approach To The Development, Operation And Maintenance Of Software;

i.e., The Application Of Engineering To Software – IEEE Definition 1993

• Engineering is The Analysis, Design, Construction, Verification and Management of Technical (Or) Social Entities

• To Engineer S/W, We Must Define a Development Process

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Software Engineering Activities

• Functional Specifications

• System Engineering

• Feasibility Study

• Allocation To H/W, S/W, People

• System Analysis

• System Design

• Coding, Testing, Integration

• Acceptance & Deployment

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Software project management

• Basic Project Management

• Software Teams

• Coordination & Communication

• Process and Project Metrics

• Based on Lines of Code (LoC)

• Function Point Oriented

• Project Scheduling and Tracking

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SEI models

• Software Engineering Institute – At Carnegie Mellon University

• Capability Maturity Model

• Five Levels of Maturity to Measure Effectiveness of an Organization in its Software Development Practices

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CMM LEVEL 1 (Initial)

• Process is Ad Hoc (Even Chaotic)

• Very Few Processes Are Defined

• Success Depends Entirely On Individual Efforts

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Classical System analysis

• Understand S/W Requirements

– What functions should the system perform

– Specify S/W Functions, Interfaces, Constraints

• Represent Information Domain Of The Problem – Which Data, How Manipulated

– What is input, what output is desired – Rules governing values of data

– Rules governing processing logic

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Tasks to be completed during system analysis

• Modeling Interactive Screens – Capture and Validate Input

– Query screens for Data Retrieval

• Modeling Reports

– Contents and Format (text, graphics) – On Screen, On Printer

• Special Interfaces

• Screen And Forms Layouts

• Source And Target files

• Operational Considerations

• Ease Of Use (User Friendliness) – Keystroke Minimization

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SRS document (modified for CS101)

• Introduction

• Problem definition for your project – Functional Specifications

• Description of data (Input and Output)

• User Interface Requirements

• Interfaces to Other Systems, if any

• Acceptance Criteria

• Appendices

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CS101 Course Projects

• The course project is a chance for you to apply your programming knowledge to solve a larger problem by developing programs to solve the problem

– A taste of professional Software Development activity

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Course Projects …

• Open ended Projects

– What is to be done is not necessarily well defined – Team work will be most important

• Efforts MUST be made by each individual member

• Two stage submission and evaluation process

• Stage 1

– Problem definition

– Analysis, and design of the algorithms, sample code – SRS document, including draft User Manual

• Stage 2

– Complete implementation, final documentation

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You will learn …

• Basic principles of project management

• Professional programming style

• To work together in groups, towards a common goal

• To discuss, design, document, review

• To take decisions, to meet deadlines

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Coordination of project activities

• A lab-batch will work on an allocated programming project

• Your batch TA will be your project mentor

• Each batch may divide itself into multiple teams – A team should ordinarily have 3 students

– Each team to elect a team leader

– All the team leaders will be joint coordinators for the batch

• Regular meetings and discussions amongst members of a batch – Lab attendance is now COMPULSORY

– At least one additional meeting per week

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Project diary

• Each student must maintain a record of the time spent for the project and specific work done in that time. The categorization of nature of the work could be as follows:

– Discussions (names of participants, nature of discussion, decisions taken)

– Design: Data/file/algorithm/function/program – Programming

– Testing/Documentation/Report writing

– Logistics (maintaining records of meetings and decisions, uploading files, CVS work, etc.)

– Miscellaneous

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Project diary …

• Each student will maintain a project diary – Daily entries, format will be notified

• Consolidated entries to be uploaded every week

– Each batch will sum up the number of person hours spent by each member on each of the subheads during the week

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Submission Schedule

• Will be notified on moodle – Weekly diary submissions

– Stage wise submission schedule – Stage wise evaluation process

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Self evaluation with Peer-review

• Perhaps never attempted by any of you earlier – Good time to learn

• Award Marks out of 5 to yourself, at each of the two stages – Based on the quantitative and qualitative contribution – Norms will be defined.

• The entire batch will review these marks in a formal meeting

• Supervisory check

– Viva will be conducted for some selected student

– Marks will be uniformly deducted for every student of the batch if effort/marks discrepancy is noticed during viva

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Announcements

• Make-up activity for Lab assignments – Problems will be assigned by the TA

– Submissions will be evaluated, viva may be conducted – Lab assignment marks will be upgraded appropriately

• Make-up for midsem examination.

– Will be conducted for students scoring less than T – New scores to replace old (Up to T)

• Lab attendance is compulsory from next week – Additional batch meetings will be essential

• Additional lab-slot on Monday, Wednesday, Saturday, Sunday – Very limited TA support

– You will need to pre-register

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Project selection

• Projects of Cs101-2010 batch will be uploaded on the moodle

• A new portal is being

• The URL of the C portal along with other requisite information regarding the log in details for students