Design and development of improved power quality switched made power supply system

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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF

IMPROVED POWER QUALITY SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

by

Shikha Singh

Thesis Submitted

In fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY to the

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI

DECEMBER 2013

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “Design and Development of Improved Power Quality Switched Mode Power Supply Systems,” being submitted by Ms. Shikha Singh for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is a record of the bonafide research work carried out by her in the Department of Electrical Engineering of Indian Institute of Technology Delhi.

Ms. Shikha Singh has worked under our guidance and supervision and fulfilled the requirements for the submission of this thesis, which to our knowledge has reached the requisite standard. The results obtained here, have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree.

Dated:

(Prof. G. Bhuvaneswari) (Prof. Bhim Singh)

Professor Professor

Electrical Engineering Department Electrical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I express my deepest gratitude and indebtedness to Prof. G. Bhuvaneswari and Prof.

Bhim Singh for providing me the lifetime opportunity to do the Ph.D. work under their supervision. Working under them has been a wonderful experience, which has provided me with a deep insight into the world of research. Continuous monitoring, useful discussions, valuable guidance and time management by them was an inspiring force for me to complete this work. From time to time, they encouraged me for excelling in my work and it is their quest for excellence that has actuated me to improve my work and constantly introspect myself.

My sincere gratitude is reserved for all the SRC members Prof. Sukumar Mishra, Prof.

T.S. Bhatti, and Dr. N. Senroy who have been a part of the evaluating team of experts, providing me their valuable insights, suggestions and encouragement throughout my research work.

I am thankful to IIT Delhi for providing the research facilities. Thanks are due to Mr.

Gurucharan Singh, Mr. Negi, Mr. Srichand and Mr. Puran Singh, lab staff of Power Electronics and PG Machines labs for their sustained help and co-operation rendered to carry out my dissertation work.

I extend my special thanks to the fellow research scholars Swati Narula, T.

Chadrasekhar, Anmol Ratan Saxena, B. Amarendra Reddy, Ankit Kumar Singh, E.

Vargil Kumar, F. T. Feleke, Kirti Mathuria, Kratika Sharma, Md. Junaid, Sandeep Madishetti, Vashist Bist, N K Swami Naidu, Chinmay Jain, Sabharaj Arya, M. Rajesh, Arun Verma, Ujjawal Kalla, Rajasekhar Reddy, Priya Nayar, Jincy Philip and Neha Adhikari. My thanks are also due to Dr. R. Kalpana, Dr. Sarsing Gao, Dr. V. Rajagopal,

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Dr. Sanjeev Singh Chauhan, Dr. Hemant Ahuja, Dr. S. Jeevanand, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Ahuja, Dr. Ashish Srivastava, Dr. Vuddanti Sandeep, Dr. Shailendra Sharma, Dr.

Gaurav Kasal and Dr. Madan Mohan who have given me immense moral support and shown exemplary attitude and dedication for research.

Words cannot express the feelings and gratitude I have for my mother Mrs. Rajni Singh for the constant unconditional encouragement, support and personal sacrifices she made to push me forward to allow me to reach new levels of excellence. I thank my sister Yashi Singh and brother Naval Singh for their love that allowed me to complete my PhD work.

Once again, I bow to all those who indirectly or indirectly helped me but whose names are left out. This acknowledgement cannot end without expressing sincere thanks to my respected grandfather Mr. Pritam Singh and my aunt Mrs. Sushila Singh who have supported me and encouraged me throughout my stay in IIT Delhi.

Last but not the least I thank Almighty God for His blessings to help me to raise my academic level to this stage. I pray for His benediction in my future professional career.

December (Shikha Singh)

New Delhi 2009EEZ8609

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ABSTRACT

Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPSs) are universally used in various household and industrial applications due to their rugged and efficient nature, low cost, reliability and compactness. The use of various single-phase and three-phase ac mains fed SMPS systems are becoming commonplace in medical and electronic equipments such as laptops, computers, cell-phones and net-books, chargers, small motor drives, utility interface with non-conventional energy sources, welding power supplies, telecommunication tower power supplies, aerospace and military environment and hence their demand is ever growing. As technology advances, highly efficient power supplies are preferred by consumers so that their size and weight are reduced. Most of these power supplies use ac-dc converters at the front- end. Traditionally, ac-dc power conversion has been dominated by diode or phase-controlled rectifiers which depict nonlinear characteristics and draw input currents which are rich in harmonics and have poor power factor (PF), thus creating power quality problems in the power distribution network and also for other electrical systems in the vicinity of these converters. This lowers efficiency, and subjects system components to voltage and current stresses thus lowering their shelf-life.

Increasing awareness about power quality and harmonics pollution has instigated most of the power supply manufacturers to maintain total harmonic distortion (THD) and PF within acceptable levels that are dictated by international standards, such as IEEE-519 and IEC- 61000. These standards have also imposed a constraint on the new electronic devices coming up these days in terms of maintaining a reasonable input power quality. In fact, many of the single-phase and three-phase ac mains fed power supplies are to be universally acceptable only if they adhere to these specifications set by the international standards. Emphasis is laid

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on the development of simple, economical and energy efficient SMPSs with low input current harmonics and high PF. Of course, cost, size and availability of components are challenging constraints to deal with the goal of high power quality, which should be achieved while also maintaining low cost, compact size and design simplicity. Different methods for improving power quality at the point of common coupling (PCC) for single-phase and three- phase ac mains fed power supplies for personal computers (PCs) at low power rating and for telecommunication towers at medium power rating are investigated in this research work.

The conventional computer SMPS is fed from a single-phase ac supply through a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) followed by a filter capacitor. It draws highly distorted non-sinusoidal current from the single-phase ac mains due to the uncontrolled charging of the capacitor. The challenge is to achieve a sinusoidal input current irrespective of input voltage and load variations with regulated dc output voltages and high PF that meets the international power quality standards. Similarly, telecommunication tower power supplies fed by three-phase ac mains are also expected to draw a sinusoidal unity PF current from the utility maintaining galvanic isolation of the regulated dc output voltage. The challenge in this case is to provide a suitable utility interface with a simple, low cost three-phase power supply system that conforms to the international standard specifications.

This research work aims at mitigating the harmonics in the input ac mains of single-phase and three-phase SMPS systems for PCs and telecommunication towers using various ac-dc front-end converters. Detailed investigations have been carried out to provide suitable utility interface for both low rated and medium rated power supply systems. Various single-stage and two-stage power factor corrected (PFC) isolated and non-isolated converters, and also bridgeless converters have been designed, modeled and developed to improve the power

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quality indices at single-phase ac mains for the PC power supply. Similarly, in three-phase ac mains fed power supplies, single-stage and two-stage configurations have been investigated for improving the power quality at PCC.

The simplest approach for harmonics current reduction with PFC in computer power supply is by using various ac-dc buck-boost converters at the front-end. At the output of the PFC converter, an isolated converter is used to achieve multiple dc voltages. The component design of all the front-end converters have been carried out in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) for achieving simple control. This also aids in the reducing of second order harmonics. Pulse width modulation (PWM) control technique is used for switching of the high frequency switches used in the PFC converters.

Various bridgeless converter configurations have been explored to mitigate power quality problems. These have been designed, modeled and simulated to demonstrate their improved performance. These PFC bridgeless converters based SMPS systems have also been realized in hardware and are able to perform well even under light load conditions and during input voltage variations.

Three-phase ac mains fed single-stage and two-stage power supplies for telecommunication systems are also presented in this thesis. The single-stage power supplies are in demand due to the advantages like high efficiency, high power density, smaller size/weight, load sharing capability and power expandability. The aim of the single-stage configurations is to overcome the disadvantages of the three-stages of conversion (initially PFC stage then the ac-to-ac stage and finally ac-to-dc stage in cascade) and to increase the robustness and modularity of the overall power supply systems. The rating of the power supply can be increased by employing multiple numbers of single-phase units. Various

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isolated dc-dc converter configurations have been designed, modeled and simulated in this work to achieve low input current THD and close to unity PF at the three-phase ac mains.

Different configurations of telecommunication tower power supplies have been studied using various PFC converters at the front-end. The front-end PFC provides regulated dc output voltage to the isolation stage that makes use of a high frequency transformer (HFT) for isolation. A front-end PFC converter with third harmonic current injection has been used in the first configuration of the three-phase ac mains fed SMPS system. Third harmonic is injected with a zig-zag transformer. It also provides a high magnetizing impedance path for the line frequency voltage and low impedance for the zero sequence third harmonic current.

The design methodology and design values have been presented and the performance has been evaluated at varying loads on the developed PFC harmonic injected boost converter.

The integrated boost converter configuration is used at the front-end for PFC and the output converter configuration is used for voltage scaling and isolation. The closed loop control of integrated boost converter consists of two loops, one is voltage control loop to regulate the output voltage and another is current control loop to shape the three-phase input ac mains current respectively. At the output stage, control scheme is used to regulate the dc output voltage. The overall configuration ensures that the output voltages have been regulated irrespective of input voltage and load variations with reasonable power quality at the PCC.

The main contributions of this thesis are two-fold: (i) low rated single-phase ac mains fed PC power supplies with improved power quality and stiff output voltage regulation have been designed, modeled, simulated and developed using single-stage, two-stage and bridgeless converter configurations, (ii) medium power rated three-phase ac mains fed

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telecommunication tower power supplies have been designed, modeled, simulated and developed for single-stage and PFC ac-dc converter based power supplies with improved power quality. In both these cases, significant power quality improvements have been achieved under varying loads and ac mains voltages.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page no.

Certificate i

Acknowledgements iii

Abstract v

Table of Contents xi

List of Figures xxi

List of Tables xxxiii

List of Symbols xxxv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 General 1

1.2 State of the Art 5

1.3 Objectives and Scope of Study 9

1.3.1 Design, Simulation and Development of Single-Phase Improved Power Quality SMPS Systems

10 1.3.2 Design, Simulation and Development of Single-Phase Bridgeless ac-

dc Converter Based Improved Power Quality SMPS Systems 11 1.3.3 Design, Simulation and Development of Three-Phase Improved

Power Quality SMPS Systems

12

1.4 Outlines of Chapters 12

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 General 17

2.2 Significant Developments in Switched Mode Power Supplies 18

2.3 Literature Review 18

2.3.1 Single-Phase SMPS Systems 19

2.3.1.1 Single-Stage SMPS System Using Isolated Converter 19 2.3.1.2 PFC ac-dc Converter Based SMPS Systems 20 2.3.1.3 PFC Bridgeless ac-dc Converter Based SMPS Systems 22

2.3.2 Three-Phase SMPS Systems 24

2.3.2.1 Single-Stage SMPS systems 26

2.3.2.2 Two-Stage SMPS Systems 28

2.4 Identified Research Areas 30

2.5 Conclusions 31

CHAPTER III CLASSIFICATION AND CONFIGURATIONS OF SINGLE- PHASE AND THREE-PHASE SMPS SYSTEMS

3.1 General 33

3.2 Classification of SMPS Systems 34

3.2.1 Classification of Single-Phase Single-Stage SMPS Systems 34

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3.2.2 Classification of Single-Phase Two-Stage SMPS Systems 36 3.2.3 Classification of Single-Phase Bridgeless ac-dc Converters Based

SMPS Systems

36 3.2.4 Classification of Three-Phase Single-Stage ac-dc Converter Based

SMPS Systems 38

3.2.5 Classification of Three-Phase Two-Stage ac-dc Converter Based SMPS Systems

38 3.3 Configurations of Single-Phase and Three-Phase SMPS Systems 39 3.3.1 Configurations of Single-Phase Single-Stage SMPS Systems 39 3.3.1.1 Single-Stage SMPS System Using Isolated SEPIC 39 3.3.1.2 Single-Stage SMPS System Using Isolated Cuk Converter 40 3.3.1.3 Single-Stage SMPS System Using Flyback Converter 41 3.3.1.4 Single-Stage SMPS System Using Isolated Zeta Converter 41 3.3.2 Configurations of Single-Phase ac-dc Converter Based Two-Stage

SMPS Systems 43

3.3.2.1 SMPS System Using PFC CSC Converter 43 3.3.2.2 SMPS System Using PFC Cuk Converter 43 3.3.2.3 SMPS System Using PFC Buck-Boost Converter 43 3.3.2.4 SMPS System Using PFC Zeta Converter 44 3.3.3 Configurations of Single-Phase Bridgeless ac-dc Converter Based

SMPS Systems

46 3.3.3.1 SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless CSC Converter 46 3.3.3.2 SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Cuk Converter 46 3.3.3.3 SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Buck-Boost Converter 47 3.3.3.4 SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Zeta Converter 47 3.3.4 Configurations of Three-Phase Single-Stage ac-dc Converter Based

SMPS Systems

48 3.3.4.1 Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Full Bridge

Converter

49 3.3.4.2 Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Push-Pull

Converter 49

3.3.4.3 Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Cuk Converter

50 3.3.4.4 Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Zeta

Converter 51

3.3.5 Configurations of Three-Phase Two-Stage ac-dc Converter Based SMPS Systems

52 3.3.5.1 Three-Phase Two-Stage SMPS System Using Harmonic

Injected Converter

52 3.3.5.2 Three-Phase Two-Stage SMPS System Using Integrated

Boost Converter 53

3.4 Conclusions 55

CHAPTER IV DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF SINGLE-PHASE IMPROVED POWER QUALITY SMPS SYSTEMS

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4.1 General 57

4.2 Circuit Configurations and Operating Principle of Single-Phase SMPS Systems

58 4.2.1 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of Single-Phase

Single-Stage SMPS System

58 4.2.1.1 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of SMPS

System Using Isolated SEPIC

System Using Isolated Cuk Converter

System Using Flyback Converter 63

4.2.1.4 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of SMPS System Using Isolated Zeta Converter

66 4.2.2 Circuit Configurations and Operating Principle of Single-Phase Two-

Stage SMPS Systems 67

4.2.2.1 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of SMPS System Using PFC CSC Converter

System Using PFC Cuk Converter

System Using PFC Buck-Boost Converter

System Using PFC Zeta Converter

76 4.3 Design and Analysis of Single-Phase SMPS Systems 79 4.3.1 Design and Analysis of Single-Phase Single-Stage SMPS Systems 79

4.3.1.1 Design and Analysis of SMPS System Using Isolated

SEPIC 79

4.3.1.2 Design and Analysis of SMPS System Using Isolated Cuk Converter

82 4.3.1.3 Design and Analysis of SMPS System Using Flyback

Converter 83

4.3.1.4 Design and Analysis of SMPS System Using Isolated Zeta Converter

84 4.3.2 Design and Analysis of Single-Phase Two-Stage SMPS Systems 84

4.3.2.1 Design and Analysis of SMPS System Using PFC CSC Converter

85 4.3.2.2 Design and Analysis of SMPS System Using PFC Cuk

Converter

89 4.3.2.3 Design and Analysis of SMPS System Using PFC Buck-

Boost Converter

91 4.3.2.4 Design and Analysis of SMPS System Using PFC Zeta

Converter 91

4.4 MATLAB Based Modeling and Simulation 92

4.4.1 MATLAB Based Modeling and Simulation of Single-Stage SMPS Systems

93

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4.4.1.1 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using Isolated

SEPIC 93

4.4.1.2 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using Isolated Cuk Converter

93 4.4.1.3 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using Flyback

Converter 93

4.4.1.4 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using Isolated Zeta Converter

95 4.4.2 MATLAB Based Modeling and Simulation of Two-Stage SMPS

Systems 96

4.4.2.1 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using PFC CSC Converter

96 4.4.2.2 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using PFC Cuk

Converter

96 4.4.2.3 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using PFC Buck-

Boost Converter 96

4.4.2.4 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using PFC Zeta Converter

97

4.5 Results and Discussion 98

4.5.1 Performance of Single-Stage SMPS Systems 99 4.5.1.1 Performance of SMPS System Using Isolated SEPIC 99 4.5.1.2 Performance of SMPS System Using Isolated Cuk

Converter

102 4.5.1.3 Performance of SMPS System Using Flyback Converter 103 4.5.1.4 Performance of SMPS System Using Isolated Zeta

Converter

105

4.5.1.5 Performance Comparison 110

4.5.2 Performance of Two-Stage SMPS Systems 111 4.5.2.1 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC CSC Converter 111 4.5.2.2 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC Cuk Converter 113 4.5.2.3 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC Buck-Boost

Converter

118 4.5.2.4 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC Zeta Converter 121

4.6 Conclusions 125

CHAPTER V DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE-PHASE IMPROVED POWER QUALITY SMPS SYSTEMS

5.1 General 127

5.2 Hardware Implementation of Single-Phase Improved Power Quality SMPS Systems

128

5.2.1 Hardware Realization Using DSP 128

5.2.1.1 Gating Signal-Isolation and Amplification Circuit 129

5.2.1.2 Voltage Sensor Circuit 130

5.2.1.3 Real time Modeling of SMPS System Using PFC CSC Converter

131

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5.2.2 Hardware Implementation of SMPS System Using PFC CSC

Converter 131

5.2.3 Hardware Implementation of SMPS System Using PFC Cuk Converter

132 5.2.4 Hardware Implementation of SMPS System Using PFC Buck-Boost

Converter

132 5.2.5 Hardware Implementation of SMPS System Using PFC Zeta

Converter 132

5.3.1 Performance of Conventional SMPS 133

5.3.2 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC CSC Converter 133 5.3.2.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 133 5.3.2.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 135 5.3.3 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC Cuk Converter 137 5.3.3.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 137 5.3.3.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 139 5.3.4 Performance of SMPS System PFC Buck-Boost Converter 141 5.3.2.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 142 5.3.2.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 145 5.3.5 Performance of SMPS System PFC Zeta Converter 149 5.3.5.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 149 5.3.5.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 151

5.3.6 Performance Comparison 152

5.4 Conclusions 156

CHAPTER VI DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF SINGLE-PHASE IMPROVED POWER QUALITY BRIDGELESS AC-DC CONVERTER BASED SMPS SYSTEMS

6.1 General 159

6.2 Circuit Configurations and Operating Principle of Single-Phase Bridgeless ac- dc Converter Based SMPS Systems

159 6.2.1 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of SMPS System

Using PFC Bridgeless Cuk Converter 160

6.2.2 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Buck-Boost Converter

164 6.2.3 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of SMPS System

Using PFC Bridgeless Zeta Converter

166 6.3 Design and Analysis of Single-Phase Bridgeless ac-dc Converter Based

SMPS Systems

168

6.4.1 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Cuk Converter

171 6.4.2 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Buck-

Boost Converter

171

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6.4.3 MATLAB Modeling of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Zeta

Converter 172

6.5.1 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Cuk Converter

based SMPS 173

6.5.1.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 173 6.5.1.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 176 6.5.2 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Buck-Boost

Converter based SMPS

177 6.5.2.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 177 6.5.2.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 179 6.5.3 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Zeta Converter

based SMPS

181 6.5.3.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 181 6.5.3.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 182

6.6 Conclusions 185

CHAPTER VII DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE-PHASE IMPROVED POWER QUALITY BRIDGELESS AC-DC CONVERTER BASED SMPS SYSTEMS

7.1 General 187

7.2 Hardware Implementation of Single-Phase Bridgeless ac-dc Converter Based SMPS Systems

187 7.2.1 Hardware Implementation of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless

Cuk Converter

188 7.2.2 Hardware Implementation of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless

Buck-Boost Converter

189

7.3.1 Performance of Conventional SMPS 190

7.3.2 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Cuk Converter 191 7.3.2.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 191 7.3.2.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 192 7.3.3 Performance of SMPS System Using PFC Bridgeless Buck-Boost

Converter

7.4 Conclusions 205

CHAPTER VIII DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF THREE-PHASE SINGLE- STAGE IMPROVED POWER QUALITY AC-DC CONVERTER BASED SMPS SYSTEMS

8.1 General 207

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8.2 Circuit Configurations and Operating Principle of Three-Phase Single-Stage

ac-dc Converter Based SMPS Systems 208

8.2.1 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of Three-Phase Single- Stage Full Bridge Converter Based SMPS System

208 8.2.2 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of Three-Phase Single-

Stage Push-Pull Converter Based SMPS System

211 8.2.3 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of Three-Phase Single-

Stage Cuk Converter Based SMPS System 213

8.2.4 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of Three-Phase Single- Stage Zeta Converter Based SMPS System

214 8.3 Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Single-Stage ac-dc Converter Based

SMPS Systems

215 8.3.1 Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System

Using Full Bridge Converter

8.3.2 Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Push-Pull converter

216 218 8.3.3 Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System

Using Cuk Converter

220 8.3.4 Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System

Using Zeta Converter

221

8.4.1 MATLAB Modeling of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Full Bridge Converter

222 8.4.2 MATLAB Modeling of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System

Using Push-Pull Converter

222 8.4.3 MATLAB Modeling of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System

Using Cuk Converter 224

8.4.4 MATLAB Modeling of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Zeta Converter

224

8.5.1 Performance of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Full Bridge Converter

225 8.5.1.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 225 8.5.1.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 226 8.5.2 Performance of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Push-

Pull Converter 227

8.5.2.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 228 8.5.2.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 229 8.5.3 Performance of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Cuk

Converter

230 8.5.3.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 230 8.5.3.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 231 8.5.4 Performance of Three-Phase Single-Stage SMPS System Using Zeta

Converter

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8.6 Conclusions 236

CHAPTER IX DESIGN, SIMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THREE-PHASE TWO-STAGE IMPROVED POWER QUALITY AC-DC CONVERTER BASED SMPS SYSTEMS

9.1 General 237

9.2 Circuit Configurations and Operating Principles of Three-Phase Two-Stage ac-dc Converter Based SMPS Systems

238 9.2.1 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of Three-Phase

Harmonic Injected ac-dc Converter Based SMPS System

238 9.2.2 Circuit Configuration and Operating Principle of Three-Phase

Integrated Boost ac-dc Converter Based SMPS System

242 9.3 Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Two-Stage ac-dc Converter Based

SMPS Systems

245 9.3.1 Design and Analysis of Three-Phase ac-dc Converter Based SMPS

System Using Harmonic Injected Converter

245 9.3.2 Design and Analysis of Three-Phase ac-dc Converter Based SMPS

System Using Integrated Boost Converter

251 9.4 Control of Three-Phase Two-Stage ac-dc Converter Based SMPS Systems 255

9.4.1 Control of Three-Phase ac-dc Converter Based SMPS System Using Harmonic Injected Converter

255 9.4.2 Control of Three-Phase ac-dc Converter Based SMPS System Using

Integrated Boost Converter 259

9.5.1 MATLAB Modeling of Three-Phase ac-dc Converter Based SMPS System Using Harmonic Injected Converter

262 9.5.2 MATLAB Modeling of Three-Phase ac-dc Converter Based SMPS

System Using Integrated Boost Converter 263

9.6 Hardware Implementation 263

9.6.1 Hardware Implementation of PFC Harmonic Injected Converter 264 9.6.2 Hardware Implementation of PFC Integrated Boost Converter 265

9.7.1 Simulated Performance of Three-Phase ac-dc Converter Based SMPS System Using Harmonic Injected Converter

266 9.7.1.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 267 9.7.1.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 269 9.7.2 Experimental Performance of Harmonic Injected Converter 270 9.7.3 Simulated Performance of Three-Phase ac-dc Converter based SMPS

System Using Integrated Boost Converter

273 9.7.3.1 Performance under Varying Input Voltages 273 9.7.3.2 Performance under Load Perturbation 275 9.7.4 Experimental Performance of Integrated Boost Converter 275

9.8 Conclusions 280

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CHAPTER X MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK

10.1 General 281

10.2 Main Conclusions 282

10.3 Suggestions for Further Work 287

REFERENCES 289 APPENDICES 317

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 327

BIO-DATA 331