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Higher Education: Myths and Reality

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

March 2021

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• The talk will focus on concepts and principles and not on information

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Disclaimer: The Goal of the Talk

• The talk will focus on concepts and principles and not on information

• It will not address questions such as following

◦ What are the top 20 universities in US? Europe?

◦ How much is the tuition fees?

◦ What is the application fees?

◦ What is the procedure of applying?

◦ Does CMU offer an MS on Machine Learning?

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• The talk will focus on concepts and principles and not on information

• It will not address questions such as following

◦ What are the top 20 universities in US? Europe?

◦ How much is the tuition fees?

◦ What is the application fees?

◦ What is the procedure of applying?

◦ Does CMU offer an MS on Machine Learning?

• It will address questions such as following

◦ What is the role and relevance of higher education?

◦ What are the criteria to be considered while opting for higher education?

◦ What are some common myths and realities about higher education

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Disclaimer: The Scope of the Talk

• The choice of options that can be pursued after BTech is very wide

◦ MS, MTech, MBA, PhD, MFA, Civil Services, Job in Industry, Entrepreneurship?

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• The choice of options that can be pursued after BTech is very wide

◦ MS, MTech, MBA, PhD, MFA, Civil Services, Job in Industry, Entrepreneurship?

• The talk is restricted to possibly the closest and the most natural option for you

◦ Higher education in Computer Science

I have no background, experience, or expertise about most other options

◦ I will touch upon MBA at some places in the talk

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Disclaimer: The Scope of the Talk

• The choice of options that can be pursued after BTech is very wide

◦ MS, MTech, MBA, PhD, MFA, Civil Services, Job in Industry, Entrepreneurship?

• The talk is restricted to possibly the closest and the most natural option for you

◦ Higher education in Computer Science

I have no background, experience, or expertise about most other options

◦ I will touch upon MBA at some places in the talk

• The other options are not unnatural or undesirable I am not the right person to talk about them

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• The spectrum of higher education

• Planning for higher education

• Life after higher education

• Conclusions

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Part 1

The Spectrum of Higher Education

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Strengthening your technical skills

◦ Deeper understanding of work area

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The Relevance of Higher Education

• Strengthening your technical skills

◦ Deeper understanding of work area

• Strengthening your non-technical skills

◦ Stretching your limits: succeeding in unfamiliar environment

◦ Living away from home, living independently, being responsible for yourself

◦ Handling your own financial matters (not just the pocket money)

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Strengthening your technical skills

◦ Deeper understanding of work area

• Strengthening your non-technical skills

◦ Stretching your limits: succeeding in unfamiliar environment

◦ Living away from home, living independently, being responsible for yourself

◦ Handling your own financial matters (not just the pocket money)

• Better salary, better financial security

However, it can’t be considered independently of the cost of higher education

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The Relevance of Higher Education

• Strengthening your technical skills

◦ Deeper understanding of work area

• Strengthening your non-technical skills

◦ Stretching your limits: succeeding in unfamiliar environment

◦ Living away from home, living independently, being responsible for yourself

◦ Handling your own financial matters (not just the pocket money)

• Better salary, better financial security

However, it can’t be considered independently of the cost of higher education

• More challenging job is a consequence of the above and is not guaranteed

Depends on many factors including how you use the opportunity of higher education

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Strengthening your technical skills

◦ Deeper understanding of work area

• Strengthening your non-technical skills

◦ Stretching your limits: succeeding in unfamiliar environment

◦ Living away from home, living independently, being responsible for yourself

◦ Handling your own financial matters (not just the pocket money)

• Better salary, better financial security

However, it can’t be considered independently of the cost of higher education

• More challenging job is a consequence of the above and is not guaranteed

Depends on many factors including how you use the opportunity of higher education

You become a much better learner

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The Relevance of Higher Education

• Strengthening your technical skills

◦ Deeper understanding of work area

• Strengthening your non-technical skills

◦ Stretching your limits: succeeding in unfamiliar environment

◦ Living away from home, living independently, being responsible for yourself

◦ Handling your own financial matters (not just the pocket money)

• Better salary, better financial security

However, it can’t be considered independently of the cost of higher education

• More challenging job is a consequence of the above and is not guaranteed

Depends on many factors including how you use the opportunity of higher education

You become a much better learner Assuming that you get real higher education and not just a certificate!

Real higher education⇒

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Strengthening your technical skills

◦ Deeper understanding of work area

• Strengthening your non-technical skills

◦ Stretching your limits: succeeding in unfamiliar environment

◦ Living away from home, living independently, being responsible for yourself

◦ Handling your own financial matters (not just the pocket money)

• Better salary, better financial security

However, it can’t be considered independently of the cost of higher education

• More challenging job is a consequence of the above and is not guaranteed

Depends on many factors including how you use the opportunity of higher education

You become a much better learner Assuming that you get real higher education and not just a certificate!

Real higher education⇒ Significant and long-lasting value addition to your expertise, skill set, and the ability to learn

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The Spectrum of Higher Education Programmes: Pedagogy

Course Based

Research Based

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Course Based

Research Based

MS by course work

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The Spectrum of Higher Education Programmes: Pedagogy

Course Based

Research Based

MS by course work

MS with thesis, M.Tech.

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Course Based

Research Based

MS by course work

MS with thesis, M.Tech.

MS by research

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The Spectrum of Higher Education Programmes: Pedagogy

Course Based

Research Based

MS by course work

MS with thesis, M.Tech.

MS by research

PhD

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You Pay

You Get Paid

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The Spectrum of Higher Education Programmes: Funding

You Pay

You Get Paid

MS

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You Pay

You Get Paid

MS MS with

RA/TA possibility

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The Spectrum of Higher Education Programmes: Funding

You Pay

You Get Paid

MS MS with

RA/TA possibility

MTech, MS at IITs, IISc PhD at most places

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Specialization Broad

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The Spectrum of Higher Education Programmes: Focus

Specialization Broad

MS in a specific area

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Specialization Broad

MS in a specific area

MS with streams, thesis M.Tech.

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The Spectrum of Higher Education Programmes: Focus

Specialization Broad

MS in a specific area

MS with streams, thesis M.Tech.

Other MS programmes (elective courses)

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One Year Six Years

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The Spectrum of Higher Education Programmes: Duration

One Year Six Years

MS, MTech

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One Year Six Years

MS, MTech

PhD

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Part 2

Planning for Higher Education

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1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE

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Criteria of Admission

1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

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1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech 2. Grades

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Criteria of Admission

1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

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1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose

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Criteria of Admission

1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD

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1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation

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Criteria of Admission

1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

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1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters)

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Criteria of Admission

1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters) 5. Work experience after BTech

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1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters) 5. Work experience after BTech

In industry

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Criteria of Admission

1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters) 5. Work experience after BTech

In industry More critical for MBA

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1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters) 5. Work experience after BTech

In industry More critical for MBA

RA position in academia

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Criteria of Admission

1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters) 5. Work experience after BTech

In industry More critical for MBA

RA position in academia More useful for MS

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1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters) 5. Work experience after BTech

In industry More critical for MBA

RA position in academia More useful for MS 6. Research experience during BTech

9/24

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Criteria of Admission

1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters) 5. Work experience after BTech

In industry More critical for MBA

RA position in academia More useful for MS 6. Research experience during BTech More critical for PhD

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1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters) 5. Work experience after BTech

In industry More critical for MBA

RA position in academia More useful for MS 6. Research experience during BTech More critical for PhD

(BTP, internship)

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Criteria of Admission

1. Standardized tests such as GRE, GATE More critical for MS/MTech

2. Grades Critical for everything

3. Statement of purpose More critical for PhD 4. Letters of recommendation More critical for PhD

(who writes them matters) 5. Work experience after BTech

In industry More critical for MBA

RA position in academia More useful for MS 6. Research experience during BTech More critical for PhD

(BTP, internship)

Avoid publishing in predatory journals More critical for PhD

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• Should I do MBA? Should I do MS?

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Criteria of Choosing Future Direction

• Should I do MBA? Should I do MS?

• Neither of them is decidedly better than the other

• The answer depends on your heart’s calling

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• Should I do MBA? Should I do MS?

• Neither of them is decidedly better than the other

• The answer depends on your heart’s calling

◦ Do you want to build technology? MS

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Criteria of Choosing Future Direction

• Should I do MBA? Should I do MS?

• Neither of them is decidedly better than the other

• The answer depends on your heart’s calling

◦ Do you want to build technology? MS

◦ Deploy technology? MS/MBA?

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• Should I do MBA? Should I do MS?

• Neither of them is decidedly better than the other

• The answer depends on your heart’s calling

◦ Do you want to build technology? MS

◦ Deploy technology? MS/MBA?

◦ Become a user of technology and manage things? MBA

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Criteria of Choosing Future Direction

• Should I do MBA? Should I do MS?

• Neither of them is decidedly better than the other

• The answer depends on your heart’s calling

◦ Do you want to build technology? MS

◦ Deploy technology? MS/MBA?

◦ Become a user of technology and manage things? MBA

◦ Do you want to do business using technology? MBA

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• Q. Is it necessary to do PhD after MS?

Only if you want to join academia or a research job in industry

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Which Masters? MS? PhD?

• Q. Is it necessary to do PhD after MS?

Only if you want to join academia or a research job in industry

• Q. Would I get industry jobs after Ph.D.? Or do I have openings only in academia?

◦ Many companies have a thriving research division: Microsoft, IBM, Google, Intel, Facebook, Amazon, Uber, TCS etc.

◦ Many other companies welcome PhDs and consider PhD as a value addition

◦ In general, specific positions for PhDs are much fewer in industry than other positions

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• Should I choose current “trending” areas? Should I choose stable areas?

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Criteria of Choosing Area

• Should I choose current “trending” areas? Should I choose stable areas?

Life decisions cannot be based on counting the number of

-

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• Should I choose current “trending” areas? Should I choose stable areas?

Life decisions cannot be based on counting the number of

-

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Criteria of Choosing Area

• Should I choose current “trending” areas? Should I choose stable areas?

Life decisions cannot be based on counting the number of

-

• The area does not matter much so long as you do well whatever you do

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• Should I choose current “trending” areas? Should I choose stable areas?

Life decisions cannot be based on counting the number of

-

• The area does not matter much so long as you do well whatever you do

The particular thing you do, is a matter of luck. That you do something well, is not.

Richard Hamming

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Criteria of Choosing Area

• Should I choose current “trending” areas? Should I choose stable areas?

Life decisions cannot be based on counting the number of

-

• The area does not matter much so long as you do well whatever you do

The particular thing you do, is a matter of luck. That you do something well, is not.

Richard Hamming

• If you have done something well, there is always a good chance that you will be useful

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Image Credit: Downloaded from internet

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Consequences of Choosing a Focussed Area

Q. Does a programme focussed on a specialization restrict my chances?

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Q. Does a programme focussed on a specialization restrict my chances?

• For an MS/MTech programme, in general no, unless the focus is too narrow

• For PhD, the situation is somewhat different

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Consequences of Choosing a Focussed Area

Q. Does a programme focussed on a specialization restrict my chances?

• For an MS/MTech programme, in general no, unless the focus is too narrow

◦ An MS/MTech in Machine Learning would not be helpful for a job in compilers You may have to rely on your BTech degree for such a job

◦ An MS/MTech with a thesis on machine learning can expect to get a job in compilers

◦ Basically you need to show a list of courses that go beyond a very narrow domain

• For PhD, the situation is somewhat different

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Q. Does a programme focussed on a specialization restrict my chances?

• For an MS/MTech programme, in general no, unless the focus is too narrow

◦ An MS/MTech in Machine Learning would not be helpful for a job in compilers You may have to rely on your BTech degree for such a job

◦ An MS/MTech with a thesis on machine learning can expect to get a job in compilers

◦ Basically you need to show a list of courses that go beyond a very narrow domain

• For PhD, the situation is somewhat different

◦ A case for suitability of the background for some other area needs to be made The process of having gone through PhD can be useful in exploring other areas too

◦ People are known to switch areas over time even after PhD

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How to I Find Out My Aptitude and Passion?

• Explore your interests to some depth

In the worst case, you would know convincingly whether you want to ditch it in future

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• Explore your interests to some depth

In the worst case, you would know convincingly whether you want to ditch it in future

• In most cases, the beauty of an area emerges only after putting in a lot of effort Need to discover finer nuances of ideas and subtle connections between them

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How to I Find Out My Aptitude and Passion?

• Explore your interests to some depth

In the worst case, you would know convincingly whether you want to ditch it in future

• In most cases, the beauty of an area emerges only after putting in a lot of effort Need to discover finer nuances of ideas and subtle connections between them

• Talk to the experts in the area, ask them why they find it interesting

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• Explore your interests to some depth

In the worst case, you would know convincingly whether you want to ditch it in future

• In most cases, the beauty of an area emerges only after putting in a lot of effort Need to discover finer nuances of ideas and subtle connections between them

• Talk to the experts in the area, ask them why they find it interesting

• Try to work closely with people who are passionate, observe and learn through osmosis Get good internships, projects with such people

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How to I Find Out My Aptitude and Passion?

• Explore your interests to some depth

In the worst case, you would know convincingly whether you want to ditch it in future

• In most cases, the beauty of an area emerges only after putting in a lot of effort Need to discover finer nuances of ideas and subtle connections between them

• Talk to the experts in the area, ask them why they find it interesting

• Try to work closely with people who are passionate, observe and learn through osmosis Get good internships, projects with such people

The beauty of an area doesn’t matter unless it resonates with you within!

It’s a joint discovery of an area and yourself Don’t look at them in isolation from each other

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You should approach experts but to elicit a response, please keep the following points in mind

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Approaching a Professor Outside of Your College

You should approach experts but to elicit a response, please keep the following points in mind

• If your local teachers know them, approach them through your teachers

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You should approach experts but to elicit a response, please keep the following points in mind

• If your local teachers know them, approach them through your teachers

• If you cold email them

◦ Check their area of work, don’t approach them for anything else

◦ Make sure your email sounds authentic (“I am excited about your work” is conceited)

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Approaching a Professor Outside of Your College

You should approach experts but to elicit a response, please keep the following points in mind

• If your local teachers know them, approach them through your teachers

• If you cold email them

◦ Check their area of work, don’t approach them for anything else

◦ Make sure your email sounds authentic (“I am excited about your work” is conceited)

◦ Ask genuine questions about their research papers (or the subject matter)

16/24

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You should approach experts but to elicit a response, please keep the following points in mind

• If your local teachers know them, approach them through your teachers

• If you cold email them

◦ Check their area of work, don’t approach them for anything else

◦ Make sure your email sounds authentic (“I am excited about your work” is conceited)

◦ Ask genuine questions about their research papers (or the subject matter)

◦ You should be able to justify why you are approaching them

− Seeking internship? Asking for advice? Trying to find your heart’s calling?

− Just because they are experts? Or because you are interested in the subject?

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Approaching a Professor Outside of Your College

You should approach experts but to elicit a response, please keep the following points in mind

• If your local teachers know them, approach them through your teachers

• If you cold email them

◦ Check their area of work, don’t approach them for anything else

◦ Make sure your email sounds authentic (“I am excited about your work” is conceited)

◦ Ask genuine questions about their research papers (or the subject matter)

◦ You should be able to justify why you are approaching them

− Seeking internship? Asking for advice? Trying to find your heart’s calling?

− Just because they are experts? Or because you are interested in the subject?

◦ Ask further reading or programming work you can do before you approach them next

◦ Ask if there is some way in which you can contribute to their work

16/24

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You should approach experts but to elicit a response, please keep the following points in mind

• If your local teachers know them, approach them through your teachers

• If you cold email them

◦ Check their area of work, don’t approach them for anything else

◦ Make sure your email sounds authentic (“I am excited about your work” is conceited)

◦ Ask genuine questions about their research papers (or the subject matter)

◦ You should be able to justify why you are approaching them

− Seeking internship? Asking for advice? Trying to find your heart’s calling?

− Just because they are experts? Or because you are interested in the subject?

◦ Ask further reading or programming work you can do before you approach them next

◦ Ask if there is some way in which you can contribute to their work

◦ Don’t bombard them with a succession of emails

16/24

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Approaching a Professor Outside of Your College

You should approach experts but to elicit a response, please keep the following points in mind

• If your local teachers know them, approach them through your teachers

• If you cold email them

◦ Check their area of work, don’t approach them for anything else

◦ Make sure your email sounds authentic (“I am excited about your work” is conceited)

◦ Ask genuine questions about their research papers (or the subject matter)

◦ You should be able to justify why you are approaching them

− Seeking internship? Asking for advice? Trying to find your heart’s calling?

− Just because they are experts? Or because you are interested in the subject?

◦ Ask further reading or programming work you can do before you approach them next

◦ Ask if there is some way in which you can contribute to their work

◦ Don’t bombard them with a succession of emails The moral of the story

Do your homework on why they should be interested in responding to you No chance unless you sound authentic

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• The statement of purpose is very critical in your application process, whether formal or informal

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Statement of Purpose

• The statement of purpose is very critical in your application process, whether formal or informal

• The key is authenticity, honesty, and personalization

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• The statement of purpose is very critical in your application process, whether formal or informal

• The key is authenticity, honesty, and personalization

• Focus should be onwhysomething matters to you

◦ How does this interest arise out of your experiences

◦ What have you done about it in past

◦ What is your dream about it

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Statement of Purpose

• The statement of purpose is very critical in your application process, whether formal or informal

• The key is authenticity, honesty, and personalization

• Focus should be onwhysomething matters to you

◦ How does this interest arise out of your experiences

◦ What have you done about it in past

◦ What is your dream about it

• The moral of the story

◦ Do a lot of soul-searching, be brutally honest in convincing yourself

◦ Use it as a tool of self-discovery

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• More critical for PhD, less so for Masters

◦ Any of the good universities is good enough for Masters

◦ A rank of 20 is not much different from a rank of 50 for Masters

◦ What may vary is alumni network and it may matter if you wish to start a company So choose what seems closest to your interests and finances

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Choosing an Institute of Higher Learning

• More critical for PhD, less so for Masters

◦ Any of the good universities is good enough for Masters

◦ A rank of 20 is not much different from a rank of 50 for Masters

◦ What may vary is alumni network and it may matter if you wish to start a company So choose what seems closest to your interests and finances

• For PhD

◦ Your Interest

◦ Active research group with good focus

◦ How much time does your advisor have for you

◦ How much interest does your advisor have in your project

◦ If other things match, ranking may not matter much

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Not necessarily

• Europe offers equally good options

◦ UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, Denmark

◦ No tuition fees in Germany, UK is expensive with very little funding for outside people

• India offers equally good options

◦ IITs, IISc, CMI, IMSc, TIFR, IIITs

◦ IIMs for MBA

◦ Most Engg/CS institutions need GATE/JEST, interviews

◦ Most places offer generous scholarship

◦ Very good placements

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Part 3

Life After Higher Education

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Research in Industry Vs. Research in Academia

• Research in industrydriven by a product

• Research in academia is driven by an idea

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• Research in industrydriven by a product

◦ Needs to combine results of many idea driven research efforts

◦ Must work with a series of well-defined short term goals

• Research in academia is driven by an idea

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Research in Industry Vs. Research in Academia

• Research in industrydriven by a product

◦ Needs to combine results of many idea driven research efforts

◦ Must work with a series of well-defined short term goals

• Research in academia is driven by an idea

◦ Typically not bound by a particular product

◦ Can work with ill-defined long terms goals

◦ Deliverables exist but of a different nature

◦ Deadlines are usually as strict

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Assumption: Post-PhD jobs in prestigious institutes of higher learning

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What Does a Job in Academia Involve?

• Teaching

• Research

• Administration

• Extension and outreach activities

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• Teaching

◦ Teaching courses, guiding students for projects

◦ Pioneering new teaching material, new teaching methodologies for specific subjects

• Research

• Administration

• Extension and outreach activities

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What Does a Job in Academia Involve?

• Teaching

◦ Teaching courses, guiding students for projects

◦ Pioneering new teaching material, new teaching methodologies for specific subjects

• Research

◦ Working on research problems of interest, publishing papers

◦ Guiding PhD and Masters students

◦ Funded research (for industry as well as government), Providing consultancy

• Administration

• Extension and outreach activities

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• Teaching

◦ Teaching courses, guiding students for projects

◦ Pioneering new teaching material, new teaching methodologies for specific subjects

• Research

◦ Working on research problems of interest, publishing papers

◦ Guiding PhD and Masters students

◦ Funded research (for industry as well as government), Providing consultancy

• Administration

• Extension and outreach activities

◦ Serving on Board of Governors, Board of Studies, Technology advisory boards,

◦ PhD examiners, conference PCs, reviewing papers, giving talks, influencing policy decisions through popular articles

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What Does a Job in Academia Involve?

• Teaching

◦ Teaching courses, guiding students for projects

◦ Pioneering new teaching material, new teaching methodologies for specific subjects

• Research

◦ Working on research problems of interest, publishing papers

◦ Guiding PhD and Masters students

◦ Funded research (for industry as well as government), Providing consultancy

• Administration

• Extension and outreach activities

◦ Serving on Board of Governors, Board of Studies, Technology advisory boards,

◦ PhD examiners, conference PCs, reviewing papers, giving talks, influencing policy decisions through popular articles

Initially, most effort is spent on research When you reach a steady state, mix and match as per your liking

Do the minimal quantum in any one and focus on others

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• Teaching

◦ Teaching courses, guiding students for projects

◦ Pioneering new teaching material, new teaching methodologies for specific subjects

• Research

◦ Working on research problems of interest, publishing papers

◦ Guiding PhD and Masters students

◦ Funded research (for industry as well as government), Providing consultancy

• Administration

• Extension and outreach activities

◦ Serving on Board of Governors, Board of Studies, Technology advisory boards,

◦ PhD examiners, conference PCs, reviewing papers, giving talks, influencing policy decisions through popular articles

Interaction with curious, energetic, young persons keeps an academic young!

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Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

• We are considering jobs after higher education

◦ In better known companies and institutions of higher learning

22/24

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• We are considering jobs after higher education

◦ In better known companies and institutions of higher learning

◦ Time and effort for entry are usually different

22/24

(105)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

• We are considering jobs after higher education

◦ In better known companies and institutions of higher learning

◦ Time and effort for entry are usually different

• We compare the two by creating a multi-dimensional spectrum of value addition

22/24

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• We are considering jobs after higher education

◦ In better known companies and institutions of higher learning

◦ Time and effort for entry are usually different

• We compare the two by creating a multi-dimensional spectrum of value addition

◦ Identify relevant parameters of comparison

◦ Create a different dimension for each parameter

◦ Indicate the magnitude of possible value addition along each dimension

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Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Money earned brings in financial security which is essential

22/24

(108)

Money

Le isu

re Leisure or free time is essential

to refresh and recharge to get back to work

It is as important as sleep

22/24

(109)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom Freedom to do what one likes to

do is a great motivator It enables going the extra mile

22/24

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Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge Intellectual challenge triggers

deep thinking and sharpens intellectual abilities

If there is no challenge, boredom sets in lowering the performance

22/24

(111)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Job satisfaction gives meaning

and purpose to life

It facilitates perseverance and allows overcoming frustrations

22/24

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Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

Social respect and prestige add dignity to life and bring in the “feel good” factor This feel good factor motivates people to continue doing good things

22/24

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Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social We now compare jobs in industry

and academia along the chosen parameters using this framework We mark a position on each axis to indicate the magnitude of the possible value addition along the parameter

22/24

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Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(115)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(116)

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(117)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(118)

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(119)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(120)

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(121)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(122)

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(123)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

22/24

(124)

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

I A

22/24

(125)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

I A

22/24

(126)

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

I A

22/24

(127)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

I A

The biggest survival skill

• Industry. Diligence

You don’t have to like your work to do it properly

• Academia. Independent thinking You don’t have to accept anything unless you are convinced

22/24

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Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

I A

At the time of decision making, many people take a rather unidimensional view of the world!

They miss many important things in their decision making

22/24

(129)

Industry Vs Academic Jobs: Myths and Reality

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

I

Money

Le isu

re

Freedom

Intellectual

Challenge

Jo b

Sat isf

ac

tio n

Respect Social

A

I Strive to look for A

the full picture!

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Conclusions

22/24

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Conclusions

• Growth in life is a pre-requisite for fulfillment

• Learning how to learn is becoming more and more critical

• Higher education is a good stepping stone for learning how to grow

23/24

(132)

http://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/˜uday uday@cse.iitb.ac.in

24/24

References

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