A Study on Singimandha Kanam

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely grateful to lord almighty who empowered me with his blessings and grace to complete this dissertation work successfully.

I am glad to express my gratitude and acknowledgement to the

Vice chancellor, Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai and The special commissioner of Indian Medicine and

Homeopathy, Chennai for giving permission to undertake this dissertation work.

I acknowledge my grateful thanks to Dr.M.

Thinakaran,M.D(s),

Principal, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai and

Dr.R.Devarajan M.D(s), Vice - Principal, Government Siddha

Medical College, Palayamkottai for their authentic support in this dissertation work.

I am grateful to Dr.R.Patturayan M.D(s), former Head of the Department, post graduate Department of Kuzhanthai Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai for his valuable guidance and encouragement for this study.

I am very thankfull to Dr. N. Chandramohan doss M.D(S), Head of the Department, post graduate Department of Kuzhanthai Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai for his invaluable help in master minding the development and updating of this work.

I express my hearted thanks to Dr. P. Sivagami, M.D.(S)., Head of the department, Sool and Magalir Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai for her suggestions and guidance for this work .

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I express my hearted thanks to Dr.K. Shyamala, M.D. (S)., Assistant Lecturer, Postgraduate Kuzhanthai Maruthuvam Department, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai for her suggestions and guidance for this work.

It is my pleasure and privilege to record my deep sense of gratitude to Dr.Kathir Subramaniam M.D.,D.Ch., Professor &

Head of the Department, Dr.M.Mathivanan M.D.,D.Ch., Assistant Professor, the Department of Paediatrics, Tirunelveli Medical College, who gave me the confidence to embark on this dissertation work.

The sincere and devoted assistance from Mr.M.Kalaivanan

M.Sc.,M.Phil.,

Lecturer and Staff of the Department of Pharmacology, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai in carrying out the Pharmacological analysis of the trial medicines needs special mention and appreciation.

My sincere thanks to Mrs.N. Nagaprema M.Sc., M.Phil (Bio- Chemistry) Head of the Department of Bio-Chemistry and technical experts of the post graduate clinical laboratory and bio-chemistry departments.

I thank

Dr.S.Bhagirathi, M.B.B.S., and all the Staffs of

Department of Clinical Pathology, for their helps in the clinical investigations and discussion.

I wish to acknowledge the help and encouragement provided

by my friends and colleagues to complete this work successfully.

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INTRODUCTION

Siddha is the science of life. It deals with total creation with special emphasis on biology of life. The chief objects laid down by this science are the preservation of health and prevention of disease. It envisages a total welfare of the living being and so the term siddha, the science of life is employed.

Siddha follows a comprehensive holistic approach considering life as a three dimensional bio unit integrally linked inside with three systems of energy and externally with three master ecological factors adopting a triangular model.

According to siddha, the living body is composed of five basic elemental substances named as:

1. Earth

(kz

^;)

2. Water

(ePH)

3. Fire

(jP)

4

.

Air

(fhw;W)

5. Space

(Mfhak;)

In Purananooru an ancient Tamil literature tells us the above theory as:

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“ Á ñ ÊÉ¢ó¾ ¿¢ÄÛõ

¿¢Ä§Áó¾¢Â Å¢ÍõÒõ Å¢ÍõÒ¨¾ÅÕ ÅÇ¢Ôõ ÅÇ¢ò¾¨ÄþÂ ¾£Ôõ

¾£ ÓÃ½¢Â ¿£Õ ¦ÁýÈ¡íÌ

³õ¦ÀÕõ â¾ò ¾¢Âü¨¸ §À¡Ä

"

- ÒÈõ

2

These five basic physical elements constitute the three essential Bio- Components of the living body which are termed as the Mukkutram viz.,Vadham, Pitham and Kapam. These three Dosas have contradictory physical and physiological characters and so they are capable of antagonizing the activities of each other, thus maintaining an inherent equilibrium.

The siddha concept of the evolution of the disease is remarkably wide.

According to Siddha ‘Noi’ or disease has been defined as the state in which both the body and mind are subjected to pain and misery. Whatever may be the nature of the exiting cause of the disease the actual factors which become excited and imbalanced are the three Dhosas and thus basically disease process may be correlated with the three basic constituents of the living body which have been referred to as Vatham, Pitham and Kapam.

Kuzhanthaai Maruthuvam is one of the branches of siddha system of medicine, through which they explained the numerous ailments and remedies of child hood. They mainly classify the causative factors of childhood ailments

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into two types.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

Aim :

The author has worked on Singimandha Kanam to get the patients an

economical treatment without any side effects as this disease drives millions

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of children in difficulties to lead a normal day to day life.

The main aim is to assess the prognosis of child affected by singimantha kanam with the treatment of ‘Amudhathi Kuligai with Masipathiri Kudineer’.

Objectives :

1. To identify the original characters of singimandha kanam with the help of various text evidences.

2. To correlate the symptoms of singimandha kanam with Modern Medical science.

3. To identify the proper diagnosing method of singimandha kanam in siddha as well in Modern System.

4. To evaluate the efficacy of drug ‘Amudhathi Kuligai with Masipathiri Kudineer’ for the symptoms of singimandha kanam.

5. To evaluate the Bio-chemical, pharmacological and antimicrobial (in vitro) activity of the trial Medicine.

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6. To create an awareness among the public how the disease progresses on the basis of the factors like Diet, Land, Climatic conditions, Pollution, Immunology etc.,

7. To educate the parents and the children who were affected by the disease and how to stabilize their health through natural ways like Prahnayama, Yogasanas, Food Restrictions and Personal Hygiene.

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REVIEW OF LITERATURES

SIDDHA ASPECT fzk;

rpj;j kUj;JtKiwapy; Foe;ijfspd; Neha; fzpg;gpy;

gad;gLj;;jg;gLk; thh;j;ijfSs; fzk; my;yJ fiz vd;gJ

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Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

kf;fs; tof;fj;jpy; fzk; vd;w nrhy;iy nghJthf nfhz;L>

mjpy; fhZk; Kf;fpa Fwp Fzq;fis R+L> ,Uky;> ,isg;G>

vd;gitfis Nrh;j;J> fzNehapid fzr;R+L> fz,Uky;> fz,isg;G vd;Nw miof;fpd;wdh;.

‘guuhrNrfuk; ghyNuhf epjhdk;’ vd;w E}y; fzj;jpid

gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ.

“fhpKf dbia tho;j;jpf; fkyth rdpiag; Nghw;wp

mhpa nre; jkpop dhNy afj;jpa Kdptd; nrhd;d nghpakh tpahjp ahd NgRkf; fizapd; Nwh\k;

njhpaNt Gtpapd; kPJ nrg;GNtd; rpe;ij itj;Nj”.

fzk; nghUs; tpsf;fk;:

T.V. rhk;grptk;gps;is mfuhjp> jkpo;nkhop mfuhjp>

eh.fjph;Nty;

gps;is mfuhjp> fk;gh; vOjpa jkpo; mfuhjp> mgpjhd rpe;jhkzp>

Nghd;w E}y;fspy; ‘fzk;’ vd;w thh;j;ijf;F gpd;tUk; nghUs;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xU Neha; > FiwT> ehd;F epkplk; $l;lk;> jpul;rp> tpz;kPd; rpWik>

fhyEl;gk;> tpyq;fpdq;fspd; $l;lk.;

,Nj Nghd;W fzj;jpd; NtWngauhd ‘fiz’ vd;gJ – jpg;gpyp>

mk;G> fUk;G (kd;kjd; ifapy; cs;sNghJ kl;Lk;.) vd nghUs;gLfpd;wJ.

Nghh;f;fsj;jp;y; mk;gpid (fiz) njhLf;Fk;NghJ> nghJthf khh;gpid Fwpitj;Nj nrYj;Jtjhf ,yf;fpaq;fspYk;

gbj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mNjNghy; fiz NehapYk; Kjd;ikahf

ghjpf;fg;gLk; (m) Nehapd; FwpFzq;fs; ntspg;gLk;; clypd; gFjp

khh;G vd;gjhy; ,e;Neha;f;F ,g;ngah; mike;jpUf;fyhk;. (khh;G –

fgj;jpd; ,Ug;gplk; MFk;);.

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vdNt fzk; vd;gjid jpul;rpahd gy FwpFzq;fis nfhz;l>

khh;gpid Kjd;ikahf ghjpf;Fk; Neha;epiy vd mwpayhk;.

Neha; ,ay; (Definition)

fzk; vd;gJ fHg;gr; #L vdf; $WtH. jha; fUTw;wpUf;Fq;

fhyj;jpy; mf Gwf; fhuzq;fspdhy; clypy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; %yr;#L NkYf;F fpsk;gp Mkhraj;ijAk; fHg;ghraj;ijAk; jhf;Fk;. ,q;qdk;

NkYf;F vOk;Gk; #lhdJ fUg;giapy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; kftpw;F njhw;wpf;

nfhz;L fHg;gr;#l;il cz;lhf;FfpwJ.

Foe;ij fUg;igapy; ,Uf;Fk; fhyj;jpNyNa clk;gpy; kiwe;J gpd; ntspg;gLfpd;w fhuzj;jhy; ,e;Neha; fUtpy; Njhd;Wk; Neha;fspy;

xd;whf fUjg;gLfpwJ.

NkYk;> ,e;Neha; Foe;ijf;F cz;lhFk; khe;jNeha; KOtJk;

Fzkhfhky; clypDs; ,Ue;Nj Kw;wptUtjhy;> ,e;Neha; khe;jj;jpd;

njhlH NehahFk;.

fh;g;gr;R+L:

“njhifahd fzq;fs; vy;yhk; fh;g;gr;R+L”

- mNahj;jpjhrh; ghythflk;

fzkhdJ> khjhgpjhf;fsp;d; ehjtpe;Jf;fSs; mlq;fpa thjhjp

Kj;Njhlq;fspypUe;J cw;gj;jpahfp> fUg;igapy; tsUk; rpRitg;gw;wp, mr;rpRtpdJ rg;jjhJf;fSk; td;ikia milAk; fhyj;jpy;

ghjpf;fpd;wJ.;

-

Mjhuk;:

IPtul;rhkph;jk;.

“Rf;fpyj;jpy; RNuhzpjq; fyf;Fkd;W

GFe;jpLk; tpahjp %d;Wk;”

-jd;te;jphp ehb E}y;

fUTf;F moy;jhJtpid Nrh;g;gJ Rf;fpykhFk; mjid gpd;tUk;

E}y;fs; njspthf $Wfpd;wd.

“ghd;ik vd;w tpe;jq;Nf A+Wk;NghJ

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ghAklh td;dpNahL thAjhNd”

-mfj;jpah; ty;yhjp ehb E}y;

“cd;dpa fh;gf; Fopahk; ntspapNy

gd;dpa ehjk; gfh;e;j gpUjptp td;dpAk; thAT khapUQ; Rf;fpyk;

kd;dpa rkdha; tsh;f;F KjfNk”. -jpUke;jpuk;

vdNt fUtpw;F> tpe;JtpypUe;J thjk;> gpj;jk; vd ,uz;L jhJf;fSk; cjfePh;> ehjk; ,tw;wpypUe;J fgKk; fpilf;fpwJ vd njspthfpwJ.

Rf;fpy> RNuhzpjq;fspd; FiwghL> cjfePhpd; FiwghL Nghd;wtw;why; fUtpd; caph;j;jhJfspy; xd;whd moy; ghjpg;giltjhy;

fzk; Vw;gLfpwJ. ‘fh;g;gr;R+L’ vd miof;fg;gLtjw;Fk; mJNt fhuzk;

vd fUjyhk;.

fUTw;w jha;khh;fspd; nray;ghLfs;:

“igau ty;F yhSk; grpAldpUe;j jhYk;

Ja;aNjhh; Fotpfl;F fzq;fSe; Njhd;Wkd;Nw”

-ghythflk;

fUTw;w jha;khh;fspd; czT gof;ftof;fq;fs;> nray;ghLfs;

Nghd;wtw;why; jhapd; cly; moy;jhJ ghjpg;gile;J mJ fh;g;ghraj;ijAk; jhf;Fk; vd [Ptul;rhkph;jk; vd;w E}ypy;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

From the above literature evidences, a child’s health is affected even at the time of conception. The physical condition, mental condition and diet taken by the mother during pregnancy and lactation directly affect the

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child and thus it may be a factor for the disease or weakness of the child.

They have also mentioned the external factors of disease.

“gpwe;jehs; gps;isf;Fj; jhNd jd;wha;

gpjhthNy gpzpAlypd; NkNy Njhd;Wk;

rpwe;jgpzp fzkhe;jk; fug;ghd; Njhlk;”

- ghythflk; gf;fk; - 5

Development of immunity of a child starts in the intra – uterine life itself.

Therefore the drugs taken by the pregnant woman every month have to be dealt with.

The predominance of elements gunas and doshas at the time of fertilization decides the constitution (or) bio–typology of the individual one throughout the life time.

The physical constitution of an individual depends upon the following,

¾ Condition of sperm and ovum at the time of conception.

¾ Nature and condition inside the uterus.

¾ Food and other regimens adopted by mother during pregnancy.

¾ Nature of the elements comprising the foetus.

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Neha; tUk; top (Aetiology)

‘IaJ $bw; nwd;why; mhpitaH Jaue; jd;dhy;

nra;agw; GdyUe;jpr; nrwpry Njhle; jd;dhy;

igau ty;F yhSk; grpAl dpUe;j jhYk;

Ja;aNjhH Fotp fl;Ff; fzq;fSe; Njhd;W kd;Nw”

-vd mNahj;jpjhrH ghythflk;

$WfpwJ.

1. IaJ $bw; nwd;why;: (Iya Naadi)

‘jhdKs;s Nrj;J ke;jhdpsfpy; ntg;G>

rakPis apUky; ke;jhu fhrk;

<dKWQ; re;eptpl Njhlk; tpf;fy;

apUj;Nuhfq; fug;ghd; tpuz Njhlk;

khdidaPH #iyjpus; tpahjp tPf;fk;

Rthrk; neQ;rilg;G J}f;fk;

VdKWq; fhkhiy ghz;L Nrhig

VORuq;fs; gyJf;fk; tpl Kz;lhNk”

-rjf ehb 2. mhpitah; Jaue; jd;dhy;:

mhpit

– ngz;fspd; gUtq;fspy; xd;W.

gUtq;fs;:

Ngij - 1-7 taJ

ngJk;ig - 8-11 taJ

kq;if - 12-13 taJ

kle;ij - 14-17 taJ

mhpit - 20-25 taJ

njhpit - 26-31 taJ

Nghpsk;ngz; - 32-40 taJ

20-25 tajhdJ kfsph; kfg;NgW milAk; nghJthd fhyk;

vd;gjhy;> ghlypy; mhpit vd;w thh;j;ijia Nkw;nfhz;bUg;gij

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czuyhk;. fUTw;w jha;f;F mjpfkhd Jauk; te;J miltjhy;

Foe;ijfSf;F fzj;jpid cz;lhf;Fk;;.

3. nra;a gw;GdyUe;jp nrhpry Njhle;jd;dhy;:

gy;NtW tifg;gl;l ePhpid mUe;Jtjhy; xt;thik Vw;gl;L ryNjhlq;fs; cz;lhfp epiyj;J fzNeha; Njhd;Wk; vd;gJ nghUshFk;.

mj;jifa ePhpd; jd;ik, Fbj;jYf;F Mfhj ePH vd rpj;jkUj;Jtj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s fUj;Jfis fhz;Nghk;.

ePhpd; jd;ik: (rpj;jkUj;Jthq;f RUf;fk;)

ePuhdJ kdJf;F fspg;igAk;> epiwitAk; cz;lhf;FtJ kl;Lkd;wp cl;nfhs;Sk; cztpid ed;wha; clypw; gutr; nra;J clw;F td;ikiaj; jUk;. NkYk; cz;l fbd czTg;nghUl;fis nrhpg;gpf;Fk;.

ePUf;F jdpFzk; ,y;iy. mJ jq;Fk; ,lj;jpd;

NtWghLfshNyNa ntt;NtW Fzq;fis milfpd;wJ.,jid

‘jz;zPh; Fznky;yhe; jhd; Nfs; klkapNy

kz;zpd; Fzky;yhy; kw;Wz;Nlh? ’

-

Njud; nghUl;gd;G

‘epyj;jpay;ghy; ePh; jphpe;jw;whFk;’

-

Fws;

Fspay; Fbj;jYf;F Mfhj ePh;:

“ re;jpuh jpj;jh; tsp rhuhj ePh; GOJh;f;

fe;jkjp NrW fdg;gpiyA

– jphpe;j ePh;

jq;FRit apy;yh ePh; rhw;Wkpit ];ehdgh dq;fSf;fh fhTwpNeh ahk;”

- gjhh;j;j Fz

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rpe;jhkzp

jpq;fs;, QhapW ,tw;wpd; fjpnuhsp;;; fhw;W ,itfs; mZfhjJk;;

fpUkp, Jh;ehw;wk;, NrW jbj;jy;, rUF cjpuy;, Ritapd;ik vd;Dk;

,itfs; nghUe;jpaJk; Mfpa ePh;, Fspay;, Fbj;jy; ,itfl;F MfhJ.

,ij cz;zpd; Nehia cz;lhf;Fk;.

NkYk;,

“ Jiyahf; fpzNw fae;jpul;Lk; ” - ,iwg;gpy;yh fpzw;WePh; fgg;gpzp

cz;lhf;Fk;.

“ tsh;f;FQ; Ruj;ij rU$wy; ” - rUF Cwpa ePh; Ruk; tsh;f;Fk;.

“ khwhf; FsNk tpahjpAz;L ” - gad;gLj;jhj Fsj;JePh; tpahjp

cz;lhf;Fk;.

mt;thW gy;NtWgl;l ePhpid mUe;Jtjpdhy; Vw;gLk;

xt;thikapdhy; ryNjhlk; Vw;gl;L fzNeha; Njhd;Wk; vd;W

$wg;gLfpd;wJ.

4. igau ty;FyhSk; grpAldpUe;jjhYk;:

(igau - #y;nfhz;l; tyFyhs; - #Yw;w ngz;fs;).

fUTw;w jha;khHfs; grpAldpUg;gjhy; mtHfSf;F gpwf;Fk;

Foe;ijfSf;F fiz Neha; Vw;gLk;.

gpw E}y;fs; fUj;J :

∗

jpUts;St ehadhH ,aw;wpa etuj;jpd itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp - 800y;

fTdkzp - 100y; Neha; tUk; top gw;wpa tpsf;fj;jpy>; je;ijapd;

Ntl;ifahy; gpz;lk; fdypy; mbgl;L fzk; tUtjhf $wpAs;shH.

mjhtJ

‘ghuhd nfw;gntl;il kPUk; gf;Ftj;jpy;

Ntuhd tpe;J ntsp gl;L Nahdp tpOe;j njd;whw;

fhuhd gpz;lq; fdypyb gl;Lf; fhe;jpapdhw;

$uha; fzRu nka;W nkd;Nwahd; $wpNdNk”

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∗

jd;te;jphp itj;ak; vDk; E}y; ,e;Neha; Njhd;Wk; tpjj;ij fPo;

tUkhW $WfpwJ.

,e;E}ypy; fzkhdJ Kd; n[d;kq;fspy; nra;j jPtpidfs;

je;ijahfTk;> ,g;gpwg;gp y;nra;Ak; jPtpidfis jhahfTk; nfhz;L

‘raf; Fkhud;” gpwf;fpwhd; vd;W $WfpwJ.

‘rPhpa njhd;ik nra;j jPtpid je;ijahfg;

ghhpypg; gpwg;gpw; nra;j ghtNk jhajhfg;

Nghpar; raf; Rkhud; tpwe;jpyh fpw kj;jg;Ng

fhhpa nrtpypj; jhaha; “fzk;” ngw tsUk; ehspy;”

vd;W fzk; Njhd;Wk; tpjk;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

From these two literature evidences and explanations it is clear that the disease is genitically predisposed and familial also. (Navarathna Sindhamani and Dhanvanthri vaidhyam)

Neha; Njhd;Wk; taJ (Age)

fzk; Njhd;Wk; taJ Fwpj;J gy;NtW fUj;Jfs;

cs;sd. fzk; Foe;ijfs; ghYk; Fbj;J NrhW cz;Zk; gUtj;jpy;

tUk; NehahFk;. ,J Foe;ijapd; %d;whkhz;L Kjy; Vohkhz;L tiu tUk; Neha; vd;gij>

‘vd;dNt fz %d;W tUle; njhl;Nl

Vohz;L kl;Lf;F kpUf;Fq; fhyk;”

vd;Dk; nra;As; thpfspy;

mwpayhk;.

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NkYk; guuhr Nrfuk; vDk; E}ypd; gb mjd; ghyNuhf epjhd glyj;jpy; fzk; Foe;ijfspd; 12 taJ tiuapYk; fhZk; Neha; vd;W ,ak;GfpwJ. mjhtJ

‘vd;w NjhH fiz flhKkpg;gb naOe;J nghq;fp

epd;w NgH gjpndl;L jhdpiwe;jpU khz;bd; Nkyha;f;

fd;wpa ghyH nka;apw; gz;zpuz;lhz;L fhWk;

epd;wpL nkd;W Kd;dhzpfo;j;jpdd; Kdptdd;Nw “

vd;W $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,ijNa ghythflKk;

‘kyKQ; ryK kpfj; jPa;e;J khHgpyjpf Ruq;fhAk;

kyKk; tapW kpf nthpAk; tskha; jiyA kpf kaf;Fk;

ryKk; tus; jP jhd; FiwAk; rz;lhsk; NghYl; Rukhk;

jyNk gd;dpuz;lhz;L kl;Lk; jdjha; tUcq; FzkpJNt”

vd;Wk; $WfpwJ.

NkYk; ,Nj Ehypy>;

rPufw;wpg; gjpd;%d;W gpuha kl;Lk;

rpq;fpfz khe;jkp/ jpUf;Fq; fhyk;

vdNt fzkhdJ Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jJ Kjy; 13 Mz;L kl;bYk;

Njhd;Wk; Neha; vdTk; nfhs;syhk;.

fzj;jpd; tiffs; (Types of Kanam):

gy;NtW E}y;fs; ntt;NtW vz;zpf;iffspy; fzj;jpid njhFf;fpd;wd.

1. mNahj;jpjhrh; ghythflk; 24 tif – gf;fk; - 180; gjpg;G 1992.

1.

tspfzk;

2.

mow;fzk;

3.

Ia fzk;

4.

khe;j fzk;

5.

ePh;f;fzk;

6.

gpuspf;fzk;

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7.

#ypfzk;

8.

Ropfzk;

9.

kfhfzk;

10.

CJfzk;

11.

tus;fzk;

12.

nfhjpg;G fzk;

13. tPf;f fzk;

14. gpwf; fzk;

15. me;jf fzk;

16. ke;jhu fzk;

17. vhp fzk;

18. ePuhk fzk;

19. ,uj;j fzk;

20. Kf;F fzk;

21. %y fzk;

22. Nguhk fzk;

23. uj;j fzk;

24. rpq;fp khe;j fzk;

2. Mtpaspf;Fk; mKj Kiwr; RUf;fk;,

,Nj E}ypy; fzq;fs; 18 vd;Wk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ mit ahnjdpd;

“ghug;gh fz tFg;G gjpndl;lhFk;

ghbdhH thj fzk; gpj;j fzKk;

Neug;gh Nrj;k fzk; ePHf; fzkhk;

gpusp fzk; R+iyf; fze; jhd rhug;gh CJ fzk; Rop fze;jhd;

$ug;gh nfhjpg;G fzk; gpw fze;jhd;

Fwpg;ghd Mo fzk; tPf;f fze;jhNd”

‘jhdhd Njiu fzk; Kf;F fze;jhd;

jdpahd %y fzk; NghH fze;jhd;

Cdhd uj;j fzk; tplh khe;j fzKk;

CJ khe;jf; fzkhk; khe;j fze;jhDk;

1. thj fzk;

2. gpj;j fzk;

3. rpNyj;Jk fzk;

4. khe;j fzk;

5. ePh;f; fzk;

6. gpusp fzk;

7. #iyf; fzk;

8. Rop fzk;

9. kfh fzk;

10. CJ fzk;

11. twl;rp fzk;

12. nfhjpg;G fzk;

13. tPf;f fzk;

14. gpwf; fzk;

15. Mkf; fzk;

16. twl;rp fzk;

17. Kf;F fzk;

18. Nghh;f; fzk;

19. ,uj;j fzk;

20. er;R khe;j fzk;

21. CJ khe;j fzk;

22. vhp fzk;

23. ke;jhu fzk;

(19)

Nfhdhd ke;jhu fzKe; jhDk;

$uhd vhpfzkh kpUgj;J %d;Wk;

ghdhd fzq;fs; gd;dpuz;L kl;Lk;

ghyfHf;F NeUnkd;W gfHe;jjhNk”

,r;nra;Aspy; fzq;fs; gjpndl;L vd;W Kjy; ghlypy; $wp>

,uz;lhk; ghlypy; ,Ugj;J %d;W vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ.

jdpahf fzk; vd;w ghFghl;by; cs;sit 18 vd;Wk;> NtW Neha;fyg;G nfhz;l fzk; 5 Mf nkhj;jk; 23 vd;Wk; mwpaf;

fplf;fpwJ.

3. guuhr Nrfuk; vDk; E}w;gb ghyNuhf epjhdk; fzj;jpd;

njhif 18 kl;Lk; vd;W tphpj;Jf; $WfpwJ. mjd;gb mwptjhtJ>

‘cunkDq; fizfz; Kd;NdUiuj;jhtWiug;gf; Nfz;kpd;

RunkDw; fizAnkhd;W J}q;Fkf; fizAnkhd;W eputpa %y kpuj;j ePq;fUk; tul;rp ntg;Gf;

fUTW kdyd; tPq;fp $baNjhH kQ;r zPyd;

ePykhq; fizapNdL epd;wpL ntSg;G khFk;

rhyNt rj;jp NkYe; jg;gpyh khe;j Nkfk;

Nkyjhk; tpidfs; Nghy kpFe;jpLw; fopr;ry; fhrk;

MykhhpUk nta;g;G khtpit gjpndl;lhNk”

-guuhrNrfuk;;

1. thj fiz 2. gpj;j fiz 3. Ruf; fiz 4. mj;jpRu fiz 5. tul;fiz 6. thyre;jpufiz 7. kNfe;jpu fiz 8. J}f;F fiz 9. mdw; fiz

10. tPq;F fiz

11. ntSg;Gfiz

12. rj;jp fiz

13. ,uj;j fiz

14. %yf;fiz

15. fUq;fiz

16. kQ;rl; fiz

17. epyf; fiz

18. ntg;G fiz

(20)

4. [Ptul;rhkph;jk;, - MWKfk; gps;is mgpjhd rpe;jhkzp

1.

#ypfzk;

2.

Kf;F fzk;

3.

Mkfzk;

4.

Njiufzk;

5.

kfhfzk;

6.

Ropfzk;

7.

fopfzk;

8.

tus;fzk;

5. gps;isg;gpzp thflk; - 8 tif 1. tus; fzk;

2. %yfzk;

3. rPjfzk;

4. ,ja fzk;

5. kfhfzk;

6. kyf;fzk;

7. Fz;lypa fzk;

8. ePh; fzk;

vd;W fzj;jpd; tiffs; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

(21)

fzj;jpd; nghJf; Fzk;:

Foe;ijfSf;F khe;j Neha; gyKiw te;J Kw;wpYk;

Fzkilahky; ,Ug;gjhy; ,e;Neha; cz;lhFk;.

•

rpq;fpkhe;j fzk;

(22)

‘Nguhd rpq;fpkhe;j fzj;ijf; Nfsha;

ngUikaha; ce;jpjzy; Nkny Ok;gp thuhd <uYNk Gz;zha; nte;J

tYikaha;r; RthrNky; ,Og;G khfpr;

rPuhd NjfQ;r %yq; fha;e;J

rptrpth joy;NghNy RuKk; tPRk;

tPuhd RthrkJ jpf;FKf; fhb

ntFspaha; kaf;Ftpf;FQ; rpq;fpfzk; ghNu”

rpq;fpfzk; gps;isfl;Fr; Rukp Ue;jhy;

rptrpth khe;jRu kpJjh ndd;ghh;

rpq;fpfz khe;jkpJ Vnjd; wf;fhy;

rPufw;wpg; gjpd;%d;W gpuha kl;Lk;

rpq;fpfz khe;jkp/ jpUf;Fq; fhyk;

rpWtndd;w gps;isfSf; fr;R ue;jhd;

gjpd;%d;W gpuha kl;Lk;

^;(Age upto 13years)

,it rpq;fpkhe;j fzj;jpd; FwpFzq;fshFk;.

gpw Ehy;fspypUe;J tpsf;fk;

(23)

“ce;jpjzy; Nkny Ok;gp

thuhd <uYNk Gz;zha; nte;J ”

caph;j;jhJf;fspd; nghJthd Mjpf;fk; clypy; KiwNa thjk; - ,Lg;Gf;F fPo;

gpj;jk; - tapW

fgk; - khh;G> jiy

-kUj;Jt jkpo; ghujk;

,e;Neha; ngUk;ghYk; khe;j Nehapd; njhlh;r;rpahf tUfpwJ. khe;j Nehapy; gpujhdkhf ghjpf;fg;gLk; tapW – gpj;jj;jpd; ,Ug;gplk; MFk;.

gpj;jk; jd; ,ay;gpypUe;J khWgl;L Ntw;Wepiy tsh;r;rp mile;J, fgj;jpidAk;> fgj;jpd; ,Ug;gplkhd khh;igAk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ.

Kaba Pitha Naadi:

“,lkhd Nrj;Jkj;jpy; gpj;j ehb

vOe;jZfpy; tplKlNd tPf;fKz;lhk;

jplkhd FspH fha;r;ry; kQ;rs; NehTe;

Njfj;jp Yisr;rypisg; gpUky; the;jp Tplkhd neQ;rilg;G Rthrk; tpf;fy;

ntF RuKk; ehtwl;rp ghz;LNuhfk;

mlkhd Ftisuj;j kjprhue;jhd;

mZfp ntFgy Neha;f;Fe; jlq;fz;lhNa”

-

rjf ehb

Pitha Iyam:

“gz;ghd gpj;jj;jpy; Nrj;Jk ehb

guprpj;jhyj;jpRu kpisg;G <is”

-

rjf ehb

Iya Ushnam:

(24)

“fjpg;ghd Nrj;Jkj;jpYl;bzq; $by;

fye;j FzQ;rakpUky; Rthrfhrk;

kjpg;ghd Nfhiouj;jk; tpg;GUjpAlNd tsHehrpfh gPlkpUj; Nuhfk;

nfhjpg;ghd rpq;qitahf; fpuhzthA nfhl;lhtp tpf;fy; ke;jhufhrk;

Jjpg;ghd tPuyj;jpf; fha;Tuj;jk;

Njhd;WkpF gpzpgyTe; njhe;jpg;ghNk”

- rjf ehb

“ce;jpjidg; gw;wpaP uysTk; Gz;zha;

xUf;fhNy Rthre;jh Dz;lh kpf;f te;jRuk; G+rpdhw; NghNy fha;e;J

tUj;jkha;j; jpl;L Kl;lha; kaf;fq; fhZk;

,e;j tif fzf;fha;r;r nyd;Nw ehSk;

,ak;Gthh; Gtp kPJ E}y;ty; Nyhh;fs;”

-

ghy thflk;

ce;jpjidg;gw;wp vd;gjhy; khe;jj;ij njhlh;e;J tUk; vdTk;

<uysTk; Gz;zha;-vd;gjhy; khh;Gg; gFjpapid ghjpf;Fk; mjhtJ EiuaPuiy ghjpf;Fk; vdTk;> mwpayhk;.

The living place for Pitha humour of Yuir Thadhu is the abdominal region. In this disease pitham is elevated and assends upwards and induces inflammatory changes in the lungs, thus causing difficulties in breathing.

“ tYikaha;r; RthrNky; ,Og;G khfp

¿Ç¢óÐ ¼õÒÅüÈ¢ÅÕí ÌÃÖí ¸õÓõ

¯ñ¨ÁÂ¡ Ôñ½¡ì¸¢ æÚí §¸½¢

¯ÆÚ§Á ÍÅ¡º¸¡ ºò¾¢ ¦É¡ô§À

"

-A+fp itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp

∗ «¾¢¸Á¡É §¸¡¨ÆÔ¼ý þÕÁø

.

∗ ¿¡¸ôÀ¡õÀ¢ý º£È¨Ä ´ò¾ ÍÅ¡ºò¾¢ý ºò¾õ

∗ º£Ã½Á¢ý¨Á

>

ÅÂ¢ÚôÀ¢ºõ

∗ ¿¡º¢Â¢ø «É§Ä¡Î ÅÈðº¢

∗ ¯¼ø ÅüÈø

∗ ÌÃü ¸õÁø

∗ ¯ñ½¡ì¸¢ø ÅÆÅÆôÀ¡É ¿£åÈø

.

∗ Cough with expectoration of large quantity of sputum

∗ Breath sound like hissing of snake (Wheeze)

(26)

∗ Indigestion

∗ Flatulence

∗ Dryness and heat in the nose

∗ Emaciation

∗ Low pitched voice

∗ Viscous salivation

NkYk; ,e;Ehy; Rthr rpukq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; Neha;fSf;F fPo;f;fhZk; ghlypy; fhuzq;fis $wfpwJ.

(The causative factors for breathing disorders as told in UGIVAIDYACHITHAMANI)

“ § Å¸¢ýÈ Å¾¢¸Á¡õ Ò¨¸Â¢ É¡Öõ

Á£Ú¸¢ýÈ À¡Éò¾¡ø Á¢ÕìÌó ¾¡§É ”

– 690

“ À ¡Éò¾¡ø ÀÃÁ¡ì¸¢É¢ Á¢

F

¨¸ Â¡Öõ À¡ÃÁ¡ Á¡Á¢ºí¸û Òº¢ì¨¸ Â¡Öõ

¾¡Éò¾¡ü ºïº¡Ãó ¾Å¢÷ì¨¸ Â¡Öõ

ºÃ¢À¼¡ô À¾¡÷ò¾í¸û Òº¢ò¾ Ä¡Öõ

¾£Éò¾¡ü ¦À¡º¢Â¡Á Ä¢Õì¨¸ Â¡Öõ

§ºÂ¢¨Æ Â¡÷§ÁÄ¢ýÀï º¢¨¾Å ¾¡Öõ Á¡Éò¾¡ü Á¡Ðì¸ Á¨¼¾ Ä¡Öõ

Á¾ò¾¡Öï ÍÅ¡º¢ôÀÐ ÁÕ×í ¸¡§½ ”

-691

- A+fp itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp

∗

gy;NtWgl;l Giffis Rthrpj;jy;

∗

FspHe;j ePhpidg;gUFjy;

∗

gpj;jk; kpFjy;

∗

khkpr czTtiffis Grpj;jy;

(27)

∗

xNu ,lj;jpy; ,Uj;jy;

∗

clYf;F xt;thj czTtiffis Grpj;jy;

∗

grpAldpUj;jy;

∗

kdJf;fj;Jld; ,Uj;jy;

∗ Exposure to various fumes and smoke

∗ Excessive intake of cold water

∗ Increased body heat

∗ Taking non-vegeterian diet

∗ Immobilisation

∗ Taking allergic food.

∗ Starving on hunger

∗ Mental stress

NkYk; jd;te;jpup itj;jpaj;jpy;

"

«Ãº§Ã¡ ¸ó¾Éì§¸ Â¨ÁîºÃ¡ö ¸¡º§Ã¡¸õ

¾¨Ã Á¢¨º Á¡ó¾÷ ¾õ¨Áî º¡÷ó¾¢Îõ Å¨¸§Â¡ ¾ýÉ¢

ÖÃÁ¢¨º ¸¢§Äºó ¾íÌ ÓÚÐÂ Ã¡Ö Á¡¾÷

¾ÕÁÂÄ¡Öó àÁï º¡÷Ð¸û Ó¸÷ó¾¾¡Öõ

...."

-jd;te;jpup itj;jpak;.

∗

kd Jf;fk;

∗

Gif> Jhrp Nghd;wtw;iw KfHjy; Mfpad Rthr rpukq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;W jd;te;jpup itj;jpak;

$WfpwJ.

∗ Over stress

(28)

∗ Inhalation of various fumes, dusts, pollens etc., are the causative factors for breathing difficulties as quoted by the above literature.

The above all explanations from various ancient siddha literatures reveal that Singimandha kanam is having the following important features.

∗ Predominantly concerned with the disease of Respiratory system.

∗ The disease is charecterised by fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and wheeze.

∗ Genetic predisposition.

∗ Inhalation of various fumes, dusts, pollens, ingesion of allergic foods, mental stresses, exposure to cold weather etc., are the predisposing factors for this disease.

fzj;jpd; kw;w tiffspd; FwpFzq;fs;

1. tsp fzk;

‘thj fzj;jpd; Fzj;jpay;g tFg;Nghk; cly; ghukjha;g;

Nghj ,iuf;Fk; ehtuSk; Gije;Nj ,UKk; jhfKld;

thj fzj;jpd; Fzj;jpay;ig tFg;Nghk; clYk; ghukjha;g;

Ngj khf ePHr; RUf;fhk; gpj;j fzj;jpd; Fzq;fNs”

1. tapW ,iuAk;

2. eh tuSk;

(29)

3. Gifr;rYk>; ,UkYk; cz;lhFk;

4. mjpf jhfk; Vw;gLk;

5. cly; KOtJk; Ruk; ,Uf;Fk;

6. grpAz;lhfhJ.

2. gpj;j fzk;

‘NfNs gpj;j fzj;jpay;ig nfhbah AlYk; vhpr;rYz;lhFk;.

ehNs cyHj;jp khH gpbf;Fk; ehf;Fq; filtha; Gz;zhFk;

ghNs RuKk; fha;e;njhpf;Fk; gUff; fopA kQ;rid Nghy;

jhNd kaf;Fk; jiy fpWf;Fk; rhw;WQ; Nrl;g Fzq;fNs”

1. cly; jfjfntd vhpAk;

2. ehshf cly; cyUk;

3. khHG gpbf;Fk;

4. ehf;F, filthapy; Gz; cz;lhFk;

5. Ruk; ,Uf;Fk;

6. kQ;rs; epwkha; tapW fopAk;

7. kaf;fk; jiy fpWfpWg;G

3. Nrj;Jk fzk;

‘FzkhQ; Nrl;g fzj;jpay;ig $wf; Nfsha; cly nkyhk;

cztha; jpdT nkLj;J nrhwp Cwpf; fuq;fhy; tPf;fkjhk;

kztha; ehWk; ntg;GlNd khHgpw; Nfhio ,UkYld;

mzNk ntbj;J Gz;zhFk; Mwhj; jtd kpFe;jpLNk”

1. cly; KOtJk; jpdTk; nrhhpAk; cz;lhFk;.

2. mJ clk;gpy; Cwp iffhy;fspy; tPf;fk; cz;lhFk;.

3. tha;ehw;wk; Vw;gLk;.

4. Ruj;Jld; khHgpy; rsp fl;Lk;.

5. mjdhy; ,Uky; cz;lhFk;

6. Nky;tha; ntbj;J Gz;Zz;lhFk;.

(30)

4. khe;j fzk;

‘fzk; tU khe;jj;jhNy fhjyd; fzj;ij Nfsha;

Jzk; vl;L ehis jd;dpy; Jyq;fpLQ; rj;jp fhZk;

gz tapwpiur; ryhfpg; ghrp Nghy; NgjpahFk;

tpz top Rod;W NrhHe;J tpl tplntd;WyUk; ehNs”

‘ehtjpy; rykpuhJ eil Kjy; mrjp fhZk;

fhtJ vd;W ghyd; fjwpLk; vLf;Fe; jhfk;

$tJ vd;W ehY ehsJ NfhlkhFk;

jhtJ fz khe;je; jhd; jhapdhy; mZFk; thNw”

1. m/jhtJ khe;j fzkhdJ, jha; jiyf;F vz;nza;

Nja;j;J Fspj;J czT cz;lgpd; kaf;fk; , Nfhgk;>

jhfk; Kjypaitfshy; gLj;J cwq;fptpl;lhy; mjd;

fhuzkhf Nky;Nehf;Fq;fhy; ntspg;gl;L tpufjhgk;

cz;lhfp MZld; $by; mg;NghJ jq;fp gpwf;Fk;

Fotpf;F ,e;Neha; cz;lhfpwJ.

2. ,jdhy; khe;j Nehahy; fzk; gw;wp, Foe;ij me;Neha; fz;l 8 ehisf;Fs; the;jp gz;Zk;.

3. tapW ,iur;rYld; gr;irahff; fopAk;.

4. tpop Rod;W ehf;F cyUk;.

5. elg;gjpy; mrjp, mOjy; , mjpf jhfj;jhy; tUe;Jjy;.

,itaidj;Jk; Kjy; 4 ehl;fs; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk.;

5. ePHf; fzk;

‘ePHf; fzk; FzNa Nfsha; ePHNtl;if Alypd;wp

NtHf;Fq;if fhyflkpy; ntJg;GWq; fz;flhOk;

ehf;F tha; tuz;L Gz;zhFk; eh ntbg;GW ePH Ngjp ghHf;fpNyh ePH fzj;jpd; gw;gy Fzq;fs; jhNk”

‘KfKk; Gwq;fhy; Gwq;ifAk; Nkhjp kpDkpDg;Gz;lhFk;

fif NeH kaf;f Kly; NrhHT jdpah tapw;W NehAz;lhk;

(31)

kpfNt Nrhfk; ntJg;Gz;lhFk; tpl;L tpl;L Ruk; fhAk;

kfNt nuhj;j kdj;jhNs tU ePH fzj;jpd; tifahNk”

1. mjpf ePHNtl;if.

2. iffhy;fspy; mjpf tpaHit Vw;gLjy;

3. fz;ghHit Fiwjy;

4. eh tha; ,itfspy; ePH twz;L Gz;zhjy;.

5. ehntbg;G

6. Kfk>; Gwq;fhy>; Gwq;if ,itfspy; kpDkpDg;G cz;lhjy;

7. ePq;fhj tapw;WNeha;.

8. Kjypy; rpW R+L cz;lhfp gpd; Ruk; tpl;Ltpl;L fhAk;

6. gpuspf; fzk;

‘kpFe;j gpuspf; fzj;jpay;ig tphpf;ff; NfS nrUf;fwNt

tpFj;j khf tapW tpk;kp NkNy Nag;g Kz;lhFk;

rfpj;j Tly; Gz; NghNde;J Jbj;Nj Kaq;fp gOjpYWk;

gFe;j kyKk; khg;Nghyg; guf;ff; fopAk; jtpj;jpLNk”

‘rpj;jhfNt apisf;Fk; jpl;Lj; jpl;lh Kf;Fk;

Kj;jhf %f;fpdPH %z;NlhLk; - njj;jhuk;

kQ;rl; ggPu kzf;Fk; kjptjd tQ;rg; gpusp FzkhNk”

1. tapW nghUkp tPq;fp Vg;gKz;lhFk;.

2. rpyNtis kyr;rpf;fy;, rpyNtis khitg;Nghy;

fopjy;

3. cly; Gz; Nghy; NehFk;.

4. ghy; cz;zhJ.

5. Nky;%r;R cz;lhFk;.

6. cly; ,isf;Fk;

7. %f;fpypUe;J Kj;J Nghy; ePH tbAk;.

(32)

7. #ypf; fzk;

‘cz;lhQ; #ypf; fzq; Nfsha; cw;w Rthrk; NknyOk;gpw;

jz;lh apUky; kpf Tz;lhk; jd;ik neQ;R tha; kl;Lk;

njhz;il ehTNk te;J NrhUk; nghUK tapWg;Gk;

tz;lhH KiyAq; FbahJ tifaha; KfKk; ehWkd;Nw”

1. %r;Rj;jpzwy; cz;lhFk;.

2. tha;, njhz;il, neQ;R Mfpa ,itfs; NrhHe;J NghFkl;Lk; ,Uky; cz;lhFk;

3. tapW CJk;.

4. ghy; FbahJ.

5. tha;ehw;wk; vLf;Fk;.

8. Rop fzk;

‘RopnaDq; fzNk nrhy;ypd; RopaNt Rthrk; thq;Fk;

espUld; RuKe; Njhd;Wk; eadk;gQ; rilj;Jf; fhZk;

njspTld; Rue;J nehe;J jpiff;fneQ; nrhpg;Gf; fhZk;

FopANk Ar;rp jhopw; Fzkp jwpe;J nrhy;Ny”

‘kpd;Nd Nfsha; Ropfze;jhd; NkTk; the;jp apUkYz;lhk;

nghd;Nd KfK khHGfz;lk; Gilj;Jf; fhZ Kd;ikapJ nrhd;Ndhk; tapW kPuy;neQ;R njhz;il ehT kpitnte;J md;id Kiyg;ghy; Fbahky; mywp aOkP jwpthNa”

1. %r;Rj;jpzwy; , FspHfha;r;ry; cz;lhFk;

2. %l;Lfs; NjhWk; NehntLf;Fk;.

3. jiy cr;rp gs;skha; Fop tpOk;.

4. the;jp, ,Uky;.

5. Kfk.; fOj;J, khHG ,itfs; tPq;Fk;.

6. Kiyg;ghy; Fbf;f ,ayhky; mywpmywp tpOk;.

7. Kfk; kQ;rs; epwk; Nghy khWk;.

8. jiy NehFk;.

(33)

9. kfh fzk;

‘Kfk;Gwq; fhYk; ifAk; NkhjpNa kpDkp Df;Fk;

eiftpo;p ntsphpf; fhl;Lk; eQ;Rz;lhw; Nghy; af;Fk;

kpfkpf ntJg;Gk; cz;lha; ntbj;Jeh cjL Gz;zha;r;

Rfkpyh tUj;je; Njhd;Wk; nrhy;kfh fzj;jpd; thNw”

1. Kfk;, Gwq;fhy;, Gwq;if ,itfs; tPq;Fk;.

mt;tPf;fk; kpDkpDf;Fk.;

2. fz;fs; ntSj;Jf; fhZk;.

3. eQ;Rz;lhw; Nghd;W kaf;Fk;.

4. kpFe;j Ruk; Vw;gLk;.

5. eh, cjL ntbj;J Gz;zhFk;.

10. CJ fzk;

‘fhJld; fz;Z lk;G fdf;fNt tPq;Fk; tw;Wk;

NghjNt ehTk; Gz;zha;g nghUe;jpa RuKk; cz;lhk;

NtJif fhYQ; NrhHe;J ntSj;jpLk; md;de; jd;id CJew; fzkhk; vd;Nw ciuj;jdH KdptH jhNk”

1. fhJ, fz;> clk;G ,it gOthf tPq;fp tw;Wk;

2. ehf;F Gz;zhFk;> Ruk; cz;lhFk;

3. czT nry;yhJ, if, fhy; NrhHe;J tpLk;

4. cly; ntSf;Fk;

11. tus;fzk;

‘neQ;R Jbf;Fk; Gife;jpUKk; epwKk; NtNw ehfWf;Fk;

tQ;rk; mwNt xUNtis te;Nj rhPu nkyhk;ntJk;Gk;

kpQ;Rk; ,Uky; tapw;wpiur;ry; tpl;Lj; jplnka; JUk;ngLf;Fk;

kQ;rhH Foyha; tul;fzj;jpy; thwh kpjid mwpthNa”

‘mj;jpapy; RuKk; Njhd;Wk; mod;WePHj; jhf khFk;

Kw;wpNa rpWePH jhDk; KWf;fpNw ntz;ik fhZk;

(34)

rw;Wj;jhd; tapW nehe;J rjpUld; fLg;G khFk;

tw;wpLQ; rhPuk; vq;Fk; tul;fzk; vd;W nrhy;Ny”

“ehf;fpy; kQ;rs; nts;isKs;S eLNt ntbg;G %d;whFk;

ghHf;fg; gps;is <lopAk; gUf;fh JlY kpisj;JtpLk;

%f;fpw; rspA kpFjYld; KfK kQ;rs; G+j;jpUf;Fk;

J}f;f kpfNt kaf;fKz;lQ; NrhUk; tuspd; fzk; ,JNt”

1. khHG Jbj;jy;> Gife;J ,UKjy;

2. eh fWg;G epwkiljy;

3. tapw;wpy; ,iur;ry; cz;lhFk;

4. cly; nkype;J td;ikAk; Fiwe;J tpLk;

5. ehtpy; kQ;rs;> nts;is epwq;fspy; Ks;isg;Nghy;

Njhd;Wk;

6. %f;fpy; rsp kpFe;J %r;irailf;Fk;

12. nfhjpg;G fzk;

‘neQ;R nfhjpf;Fk; tpyhf; nfhjpf;Fk; NeNu new;wp NtHittpLk;

gQ;irg; Nghyf; fz;ntSf;Fk; ghHf;Fk; NghJ gytpjkhk;

JQ;r xz;zh ,Uky; te;J Jaug;gl;Lj; jiyNehthk;;

nfhQ;Rq; FuYk; fk;kptpLk; nfhjpg;G fzj;jpd; FzkhNk”

1. neQ;R> tpyh Mfpatplq;fspy; mjpf nfhjpg;G ,Uf;Fk;

2. new;wpapy; tpaHit cz;lhFk;.

3. fz;fs; gQ;R Nghd;W ntSj;Jf; fhZk;.

4. ghHit gytpjkha; Njhd;Wk;.

5. Fuw;fk;ky; Vw;gLk;.

13. tPf;ff; fzk;

‘tPf;f fzNk nrhy;yf;Nfs; tphpth Aly kpff;fhAk;

Nrf;F kt;tt; tple;NjhWk; nrhpah kyNk fl;btpLk;

Mf;F Kly KOjpYNk ahFk; tPf;fk; #ljdhy;

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Nghf;Fk; topiaf; fz;lwptha; GfY Kiwaha; nra;JtpNl”

1. clk;G KOtJk; mjpfkhf fhAk;.

2. clk;gpy; mt;tt;tplq;fspy; rpte;J fhZk;.

3. nrhpahky; kyk; fl;Lk;.

4. R+l;bdhy; cly; KOtJk; tPf;fk; fhZk;.

14. gpwf; fzk;

‘J}f;fpLNk kyNgjp gr;nrd; Nwjhd;

Njha;e;jjapH NghyTk; tapW Kg;gpj;

J}f;fkpFk; ghy;mUe;Jk; ff;Fk; fhAk;

nrhUfptpop fhy;iffs; rpy;nyd; Nwjhd;

Vw;ifapNy jiyGul;ly; Fzq;fs; fz;lhy;

,ay;ghd gpwf;fznkd; wpak;g yhNk”

1. gr;irahfNth> japH Nghd;W ntz;ikahfNth>

fl;bAk; ePUkhfthtJ tapW cg;gp fopr;ryhFk;.

2. ghy; ed;whf cz;L cld; mij Foe;ij ff;fptpLk;.

3. fhy; iffs; rpy;nyd;wpUf;Fk;.

4. jiy Gul;Lk;.

15. me;jff; fzk;

‘cr;rp %is jidg;gw;wp clyk; vq;Fk; ntJg;Gz;lhk;

kpr;r khf ehcyUk; tpopf spuz;Lk; ntSg;nga;Jk;

gr;ir kQ;r sJNghNy gRk;nghd; dpwkha; KfkpDf;Fk;

mr;rk; GhpA KiyahNs me;jff; fznkd; wwpe;JiuNa”

1. Ruk; Kjypy; cr;rpapy; Vw;gl;L %isiaAk;>

cliyAk; gw;Wk;.

2. eh cyh;e;J, fz;fs; ntSf;Fk;.

3. Kfk; gRk;nghd;dpwk; Nghy khWk;.

4. Kfk; kpDkpDf;Fk;.

16. ke;jhuf; fzk;

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‘ke;jhuf; fzj;jpd; thW tifawpQ; jplNt Nfsha;

Ke;jpNa fzK khe;j NkhjpNa ,ire;J $by;

re;jpapy; Ruk af;Fk; rhHe;jpLk; Rthrk; thq;Fk;

re;jpNa tapW cg;Gk; fzj;jpy;ke; jhu khNk”

1. khiyapy; Ruk; cz;lhFk;.

2. kaf;fk;> tplhky; Nky;%r;R, tapW cg;Gjy; vDk;

,f;Fwpfs; ke;jhu fzj;jpy; fhZk;.

17. vhp fzk;

‘ghapy; fplf;f xl;lhJ gijj;Nj vhpT kpfTz;lhk;

thapy; %r;Rg; gwpe;JtpLk; thr ckpo;ePH tbe;JtpOk;

Nehapy; gl;Lkpf mONk Nehf;Fq; fPNo KfQ;rha;f;Fk MAs; Ntj itj;jpaUf; fiwe;Njhk; ,JNt vhpfzNk”

1. cly; KOtJk; gLf;f Kbahjgb vhpr;rYz;lhFk;.

2. mt;typ fhuzkhf Foe;ij Jbf;Fk;

3. tha; topNa %r;R tpLk;.

4. thapy; xUtif ntg;G ehw;wKs;s ckpo;ePH tbAk;.

5. Kfj;ij NeNu itf;f Kbahky; rha;j;J itj;Jf;

nfhs;Sk;.

18. ePuhk fzk;

‘fz;zPUQ; rPjj; NjhNl jhd;gr;ir kQ;rshFk;

fz;zPUk; gPis gha;e;J fLg;Gld; typj;Jr; NrhUk;

cz;zPU Kj;Jg; Nghy XlNt fope;j jhfpy;

njz;zPuhk; ePuh kj;ij vtUshH jPHf;f ty;NyhH”

1. jz;zPUk;> rPjKk; fye;J fopAk;. mj;jz;zPH gr;ir kQ;ris miuj;J fyf;fpa ePH Nghd;wpUf;Fk;.

2. fz;fspy; gPis NrHe;J ePH tbAk;.

3. tapW fLf;Fk;.

4. Fbf;fpd;w jz;zPH mg;gbNa Fbj;jJ Nghy; ePuhff;

fopAk;.

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19. Mk fzk;

’Mk fzj;jpd; Fzq;Nfsha; miltil thf ntJk;ghJ

rhke; NjhWk; ntJk;gpepw;Fk; jz;zPH coiy cz;lhFk;

Nrkj; Jly kpf ,isf;Fk; rPwp aONk grpapy;iy ehke; jsUk; ,JjhDk; eLq;fp apUf;Fq; fz;lhNa”

1. Ruk; clypy; Njhd;Wk;.

2. mr;Ruk; VWtJk;> ,wq;FtJkhf ,Ug;gNjhL xt;nthU rhkk; tpl;Lk; fha;tJkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

3. cly; kpf ,isf;Fk;.

4. rPwpr;rPwpaOk;> tapW NgjpahFk;.

5. khHG Jbf;Fk;.

6. rpWePH kQ;rs; epwkha; ,wq;Fk;.

7. fOj;J> clk;G ,t;tplq;fspy; ,aw;if epwk; khWk;.

8. %f;F NkYf;F fpsk;gp fhl;Lk;.

20. Kf;F fzk;

‘Nrhfkha; ehf;F nte;J RuKld; jiyA ehzpj;

jhfkha; tapw;iwg; gw;wpj; jhd;rPjk; uj;jk; tPOk;

khfkha; cWg;G js;sp khwhl;l Yly;e Lf;fy;

NjhifNa Nfsha; Kf;F fznkdr; nrhy;Y thNa”

1. eh nte;J Gz;zhFk;> jhfKz;lhFk;

2. rPjKk;> ,uj;jKkhf tapW fopAk;

3. kytha; Kf;fpKf;fp ntspapy; tUk;

4. cly; ,isj;Jf; fWf;Fk;

5. neUg;Gg;gl;lhw; Nghd;W Mrdtha; vhpAk;

6. ifAk;> fhYk; FspHe;jpUf;Fk;

21. %y fzk;

‘mjPjk;ghH %yfz Nknjd; wf;fhy; mj;jpapNy thjgpj;j kjpf khfp mjPjk;ghH rPjKld; uj;j Kw;Wk; mjpYisr;r yhrdj;jpy; fhw;W Nkhq;Fk;

mjPjk;ghH RuKlNd tapw;wp iur;ry; mjpfjiy Neha; tUk;tp lhJ ghuha;

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mjPjk;ghH rz;lhs %y Nuhfk; mjl;LNk gj;jhz;L kl;Lk; ghNu”

1. tspAk;> gpj;jKk; kpFe;J vYk;gpw;NrHe;J mjdhy;

%yj;jpy; nfhjpg;Gz;lhfp Gz;gl;L rPjKk>;

,uj;jKkha; fopAk;.

2. Mrdj;jpy; fhw;W NrHe;J nfhz;L glglntd;w xypAld; ntspg;gLk;.

3. Ruk; kpFjpahfp jiy Nehjy;.

22. Nguhk fzk;

‘ifAld; fhy;F spHe;J fz;ZNk tisa khFk;

Fa;aNt RuKe; Njhd;Wk; Fbj;jghy; rHj;jp gz;Zk;

Ja;aNt jpLf;fpl; Nlq;Fk; NrhHe;Jjhd; tapW NghFk;

ngha;ay;y Nfsh ape;jg; Nguhk fzj;jpd; thNw”

1. iffhy;fs; FspHe;jpUf;Fk;

2. ghy; nrhpahJ> Fbj;jgb the;jpahFk;

3. tapW nghUkp kyk; ntspg;gLk;

4. new;wpapy; typ vLf;Fk;

5. ghy; Fbf;fhJ

6. gae;j ghHitaha; fhZk;.

23. ,uj;j fzk;

‘,iltplh Kf;fp Kf;fp apUkYq; fopr;r Yz;lhk;

milglhf; fopr;r yhfp abf;fb apuj;jq; fhZk;

njhilapil typf;Fe; jhfk; nrhy;nyhzhr; RuKq; fhAk;

jilg;glh tpahjp nad;W rhw;wpdH KdptH jhNd”

‘ehb maHe;Nj Ask;thb nkj;jT ehrgrp

$b ardk; Grpf;fnthl; lhJF oe;ijfl;Nf Xba uj;j kye;jdpw; NrHe;JW %ykjhy;

rhbf;Fk; uj;j fznkd NtKdp rhw;wpdNu”

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1. Foe;ij ,iltplhky; Kf;Fk;. Kf;Fk; NghJ ,Uky; Vw;gLk;.

2. ,uj;jkhf fopAk;.

3. njhil> ,Lg;G Mfpa ,lq;fspy; typ cz;lhFk;

4. Ruk;> jhfk;> kdthl;lk; ,Uf;Fk;

5. grpapd;wp ,Uj;jy>; czT cz;z ,ayhik 6. ehbeil maHe;J nkype;J fhl;Lk;.

Mukkutra Verupadugal (Pathology)

In siddha system of medicine, the manifestation of all the diseases are the result of derangement of Doshas ie. Vadha, Pitha, Kaba.

MUKKUTRA NILAIGAL:

Kf;Fw;w ,ay;

VADHAM

(thjk;)

Location of vatham in the body:

Vatham is located in the abanan, faeces, idakalai, spermatic cord, pelvic bone, skin, nerves, hairs, muscles.

Pranan .(gpuhzd;):

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It is responsible for respiration.

In Singimandha kanam Vayu is affected leading to difficulty in breathing.

Abanan

( (mghdd;):

It helps in excretion of urine and motion.

In Singimandha kanam, some patients had constipation.

Viyanan

( (t tp pa a hd

h

dd d;;) ) :

:

It’s main function is distribution of saaram.

In Singimandha kanam, this distribution is affected, thus emaciation occur.

Samanan(

rk

r

kh hd dd d;;) ) :

:

Samanan is the vayu that controls other vayus and digestion.

In Singimandha kanam, this vayu is affected since it cannot control the other vayus.

Udhanan(

cjhdd;);:

It’s main function is inspiration and expiration and distributes the saaram equally to all tissues.

In Singimandha kanam, this vayu is affected due to difficulty in

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breathing.

Nagan (

ehfd); :

This vayu maintains opening and closure of eye lids and is not affected in Singimandha kanam.

Koorman ($h;kd;):

This vayu is responsible for vision and yawning and is not affected in Singimandha kanam.

Kirugaran

(fpUfud;):

(

It causes salivation, running nose, sneeze, and cough and maintains appetite. In Singimandha kanam, this vayu is deranged causing running nose, sneeze, cough and loss of appetite.

Devathathan (

Nj

N

jt tj jj j;;j jd d;;) ): :

It is responsible for tiredness, anger and emotional expression.

In Singimandha kanam, this vayu is deranged causing emotional stress and insomnia.

Dhananjeyan (

jdQ;rad;) :

It produces swelling of the body after death and escapes through the

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scalp after the third day of death.

PITHAM

( (gpj;jk;)

Location of the Pitham in the Body

Pitham is located in piranavayu, pinkalai, bladder, moolakkini, heart, stomach, umbellical region, sweat, salaiva, blood, eyes and skin.

Pitham consists of 5 types.

Anal pitham (

mdw;gpj;jk;) :

This lives in the stomach and helps in digestion.

In Singimandha kanam, most of the children complained loss of appetite & indigestion.

Ranjagam (

,uQ;rf gpj;jk;) :

This is residing in stomach and gives colour to the blood.

In Singimandha kanam, some children are anaemic.

Sadhagam (rhjfg; gpj;jk;):

It resides in the heart and executed the day to day activities with the help of mind and brain.

In this disease, restlessness, breathlessness present.

Aalosagam (

MNyhrfg; gpj;jk;) :

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It resides in both eyes and is responsible for clear vision.

It is not affected in Singimandha kanam.

Prasagam (

gpuhrfg; gpj;jk;):

It resides in skin and gives complexion.

In Singimandha kanam, some children have itching in any part of the body.

KABAM

( fgk;)

Location of Kapham in the body

Kapham is located in samanavayu, sperm, head, tongue, uvula, fat, bonemarrow, blood, nose, chest, nerve, bone, brain, eyes and joints.

Kapham consists of five types.

Avalambagam

(mtyk;gfk;);:

It is residing in lungs and helps other four types of Kaba to function and also helps in the function of heart.

It is deranged in Singimandha kanam children, since the presence of tightness of chest, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea.

Kilethagam

(fpNyjfk);:

It is present in the stomach and gives moisture to the food materials and also helps in digestion.

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In this disease, some children have indigestion.

Pothagam (Nghjfk;) :

Living in the tongue and responsible for taste sensation, is not affected in Singimandha kanam patients.

Tharpagam (

jw;gfk;):

Living in the head and keep the eyes cooling.

In Singimandha kanam, there may be redness of eyes.

Sandhigam (re;jpfk;):

It resides in the joint and helps for free movements.

It is normal in Singimandha kanam.

PARUVA KAALAM (Season)

As the earth revolves around the sun once in a year, the earth gets sunlight at various positions. With reference to the position of the earth towards the sun, year is divided into 6 seasons.

They are,

1. Karkaalam (Avani & Purattasi) : August & September 2. Koothirkaalam (Iyppasi & Karthigai) : October & November 3. Munpanikaalam (Margazhi & Thai) : December & January

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4. Pinpanikaalam (Masi & Panguni) : February & March 5. Elavenilkaalam ( Chithirai & Vaigasi) : April & May 6. Mudhuvenilkaalam ( Aani & Aadi ): June & July

Vatham (thjk;) :

Vatham remains normal in koothirkalam, normal growth in muthuvenil kalam and abnormal growth in kaarkalam.

Pitham (gpj;jk;) :

Pitham remains normal in munpanikalam, normal growth in kaarkalam and abnormal growth in koothirkalam.

Kapham (fgk;) :

Kapham remains normal in muthuvenil kalam, normal growth in pinpani kalam and abnormal growth in elavenil kalam.

According to literature, Singimandha kanam comes during rainy season (Karkaalam). In Koothirkalam due to cold wind, is also prone to the disease.

Singimandha kanam mainly occurs due to vitiation of Kaba. Kabam thannilai sirappurum Kaalam - Karthigai to masi.

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%tU kPwp KdpT nfhshky;

jj;jk; epiyapy; jd;durpaYk;

fhytiujid fpsuf; Nfz;kpd;

Mbahjpaha; Ig;grp <uha;

Mdpykjw;Nfh uurpay; fhyk;

kPd; Kjyhsp tPWnfhs; ke;jphp Njs; Kjd; khrp Nrdhgjpf;Nf

- Neha; ehly; Neha; Kjdhly;

Njs; - fhHj;jpif

Hence the disease can occur in the later part of Koothir Kaalam to early part of Pinpani Kaalam, (i.e,) from the last two weeks of October to the first two weeks of February.

Totally the prevalence of disease is from August to February.

Ivagai Nilangal :

Study of Ivagai Nilangal is very important and useful because there may be possibility of the disease in some area. Ivagai Nilangal are,

A. Kurinchi - Mountains and its surroundings B. Mullai - Forests and its surroundings C. Marutham - Plains and its surroundings D. Neithal - Seas and its surroundings E. Palai - Deserts and its surroundings Kurinchi:

“FwpQ;rp tUepyj;jpw; nfhw;wKz;b uj;jk;

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cwpQ;rp tU RuKz;lhk;- mwpQUiuf;

ifaNk jq;Fjuj; jhikty;iy Aq;fjpf;Fk;

IaNk jq;Fk; mwp”

- gjhHj;j Fz rpe;jhkzp

In Kurinchi Nilam, people are affected by fever that reduces blood level in the body, diseases related to spleen and liver and mainly by Kaba diseases.

Mullai:

“

K y;iy epyj;jaNk hpepiu NktpDkt;

nty;iy epiyj;jgpj;j nkw;FWq;fhz;- ty;iynatdpd;

thjnkhop ahjj Dz;kd;W kit topNgha;g;

Ngjnkhop ahjiwag;; gpd;G”

- gjhHj;j Fz rpe;jhkzp

Though Mullai Nilam is the place of cattles, it is the place of increasing Pitha, Vadha also joined to that Pitha due to these Kutrams many diseases occur. It is difficult to distinguish between them.

Marutham:

“kUjepy ed;dPH tsnkhd;iwf; nfhz;Nl

nghUjdpy khjpaNeha; Nghf;Fk; - fUjepyj;

jhwpujQ;#o mUe;Jtnud; whw;gpzpnay;

NywpujQ; #o;Gtpf;F kpy;”

- gjhHj;j Fz rpe;jhkzp Marutha Nilam, due to its water sources, cures all the three Vatha, Pitha and Kaba diseases.

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Neithal:

‘nea;;jdpy NkYg;ig ePq;fh J}wpDkJ

nta;jdpy Nkjq;F tPlhFk; - nea;jy;

kUq;Fliy kpf;fhf;Fk; ty;YWg;ig tPf;Fk;

fUq;Fliyf; fPopwf;Fq; fhz;”

- gjhHj;j Fz rpe;jhkzp

Through Neithal Nilam has the dominant taste of Uvarppu (Salty), it is the place of Pitha Vayu. The people who dwell here are susceptible to odema due to Kaba, Silipatha Rogam (Filariasis), Kudalanda Viruthi(Hernia).

Palai:

“ghiy epyk;Nghw; gliug; gpwg;gpf;f

Nkiyepy kpahJ tphpj;jw;F - Ntiyepy Kg;gpzpf;F kpy;yhk; KiwNa atw;wfyhk;

vg;gpzpf;F kpy;yh k/njz;”

- gjhHj;j Fz rpe;jhkzp

The Palai Nilam is the place for grief and place of deadly Vadha, Pitha and Kaba diseases.

Piniyari Muraimai (Diagnosis)

The way of diagnosis is very important by which a physician can deal the disease, then only he will roule out the cause of the disease which is the

(49)

main thing to be treated. Thiruvalluvar said,

"

§¿¡ö¿¡Ê §¿¡öÓ¾ É¡ÊÂÐ ¾½¢ìÌõ Å¡ö¿¡Ê Å¡öôÀî ¦ºÂø

"

The diagnosis is based on four criterias 1. Poriyal arithal

2. Pulanal arithal 3. Vinathal

4. En Vagai Thervugal 1. Poriyal Arithal:

Porigal are the five organs of perception. They are Eyes, Ears, Nose, Tongue, and Skin. Poriyal Arithal is examining the Pori of the patient by the Pori of the physician. In Singimandha kanam, it is as follows,

Mei (Skin) : Normal Vai (Tongue) : Excessive salivation

Kann (Eye) : Some times affected (redness) Mookku (Nose) : Running nose

Sevi (Ear) : Normal

2. Pulanal Arithal:

Pulangal are the five objects of senses.

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Ooru (Sensation) : Warmth Oosai (Sound) : Normal Ozhi (Vision) : Normal

Suvai (Taste) : Normal

Natram (Smell) : Altered or absent due to running nose and inflammation of nasal mucosa.

3. Vinadhal:

By Vinadhal, the physician knows about the patient’s Name, Age, Occupation, Native place(Thinai), Family history, Socio - economic status, Diet habits, Prone to any allergens (eg: dust, smoke, pollens), His complaints, History of previous episodes, Frequency of attacks by changes in season, Relevant history of treatment and Habits etc.,

UDAL KATTUGAL:

(clw;fl;Lfs;)

Saaram (rhuk;) :

It is the energy part of end product of digestion.

It strengthens the body and mind. It is deranged in Singimandha kanam due to loss of appetite causing tiredness in the body and mind and

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causes emaciation

Senneer (nre;ePh) :

It is responsible for knowledge, strength, boldness and healthy complexion. This is deranged in some patients with anaemia.

Oon (Cz;) :

It gives the structure to the body and is responsible for the movement of the body and is not affected in Singimandha kanam.

Kozhuppu (nfhOg;G) :

When the organs are doing their work this gives lubrication and facilitates their work, is not affected in Singimandha kanam.

Enbu (

vYk;G) :

It gives the shape to the body and is responsible for motion of the body is not affected in Singimandha kanam.

Moolai (%is):

It is present in the core of the bone which strengthens and maintains the normal condition of the bone, is not affected in Singimandha kanam.

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Sukkilam / Suronitham (Rf;fpyk;> RNuhepjk;) It is responsible for reproduction.

When the seven Udal Katukal increase or decrease from the normal level, the normal functioning of the body is affected.

gpzpawp Kiwik ( Investigations)

EN VAGAI THERVUGAL (

vz;tifj; Njh;Tfs;):

It is the basic diagnostic principle and the uniqueness of the Siddha system of Medicine. The following lines reveal this as follows.

“ehbg;ghprk; ehepwk; nkhoptpop

kyk; %j;jpukpit kUj;Jt uhAjk;”

- Neha; ehly; Neha; Kjdhly;

“nka;f;Fwp epwe;njhdp tpop ehtpUkyk; iff;Fwp”

- Neha; ehly; Neha; Kjdhly;

The diagnostic value of EN VAGAI THERVUGAL is specific to Siddha system of Medicine and presumes the vitiated doshas in the patients.

En Vagai Thervugal are:

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a. Naa (Tongue)

b. Niram ( Colour of the skin) c. Mozhi ( Speech)

d. Vizhi ( Eye) e. Malam ( Motion) f. Moothiram (Urine) g. Sparisam ( Palpation) h. Naadi ( Pulse)

a. Naa eh:

It is noted for its colour, ulcer, growth, coating, colour and consistency of the sputum that is spitted from mouth, mode of speech.

In Singimandha kanam, patients have the sputum scanty and mucoid.

b. Niram epwk;:

Colour of skin, conjunctiva, teeth.

In Singimandha kanam, the colour of the skin, conjunctiva, may be pale. In some children, the conjunctiva may be red due to conjunctivitis.

c. Mozhi nkhop:

Generally, speech is generated from the voice box. Abnormalities low pitched speech, lalling, diplegia, monotonous speech, jerky, scanning, hot

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potato, indistinct, lisping.

In Singimandha kanam mode of speech may be disability to speak, low pitched voice, wheezing sound is heard.

d. Vizhi:

tpop:

Type of eye - redness, ulcer, pallor, protrusion, tears, shedding of eye lashes, excreta of eye, diseases of eyes are noted.

In Singimandha kanam, the eyes may be red.

e. Malam kyk;:

Consistency hard or semisolid or diarrhoea, undigested food, fluid resembling the water used to clean meat, colour, frothy, dysentery, bloody, pus, mucous, smell, frequency of defaecation, constipation, reduced or increased stool content, lower abdominal pain during defaecation are noted.

In Singimandha kanam, the children may be constipated.

f. Neer @ Moothiram: %j;jpuk;:

Colour - yellow, black, white copper coloured, mixed colour, colour of fumes, smell-smell of fire, honey, sweet odours, fragrance of flowers, fruity odour, odour of deer flesh, frothy or not, frequency and quantity are noted.

In Singimandha kanam it may be transparent and frothy.

(55)

g. Sparisam:

];ghprk;:

Heat or coldness of the body.

It may be cold due to sweating in this disease. If fever is present it may be hot.

h. Naadi: ehb:

Otherwise known as pulse, is the principle method for diagnosis in siddha system. The Naadi or the Pulse indicate the status of the body thathus whether the body is normal or abnormal. It is responsible for existence of life in the physical body. It is said in Tamil as uyirthathu.

clypy; capH jupj;jpUg;;gjw;F fhuzkhd rf;jp vJNth mJNt

‘jhJ my;yJ ehb” vdg;gLk;.

The three fingers of the physician are pressed against the blood vessels or the naadi narambu situated over the radius bone along the thumb, one above the wrist.

The index finger indicates vatham The middle finger indicates pitham The ring finger indicates kapham.

The mathirai is explained as follows,

‘toq;fpa thjk; khj;jpiu nahd;whfpy;

joq;fpa gpj;je;jd;dpyiuthrp moq;Fq;fge;jhdlq;fpNa fhNyhby;

gpwq;fpa rPtHf;Fg; gprnfhd;Wkpy;iyNa “

(56)

- Fzthflehb

‘thj gpj;jika %d;Wk; td;gyj;JlNd jj;jk;

Ngjnkhd;wpy;yh tz;zk; Ngrpa jhde;jd;dpy;

ePjpaha; epiyj;J epw;fpy; neLk;gpzp rpf;ftpy;iy jhJT nkhd;Nwhnlhd;W jhtpbw; gpzpfs; jhNd”

- Neha;ehly;Neha; Kjy; ehly;

In Noi Naadal, Noi Mudhal Naadal Text, Naadi is defined as,

“clypy; capH jhpj;jpUg;gjw;Ff; fhuzkhd rPtrf;jp

vJNth mJNt jhJ my;yJ ehb vdg;gLk:”

Genesis of Naadi:

The three Uyir Thathukkal are formed by the combination of three Naadis of Dhosha and three Vayus of Dhosha.

Idakalai + Abanan = Vatha Pinkalai + Pranan = Pitha

Suzhumunai + Samanan = Kaba

This can be felt one inch below the wrist on the radial side by means of palpation by the three fingers - index, middle and ring fingers corresponding to vadha, pitha and kaba respectively.

“fhpKfdbia tho;j;jpf; ifjdpy; ehbghHf;fpy;

ngUtpuyq;Fyj;jpy; gpbj;jb eLNt njhl;lhy;

xU tpuNyhby; thjKaH eLtpuypw; gpj;jk;

jpUtpuy; %d;wpNyhby; Nrj;Jk ehbjhNd”

(57)

-

mfj;jpaH ehb

Naadi Nadai in Singimandha kanam:

The prime factor which is involved in Singimandha kanam is Kaba, which is accompanied with vitiated Vadha or Pitha and produce clinical symptoms of Singimandha kanam. This is clearly indicated by Theraiyar as ,

“¸ Àò¾¢¨É ÂýÈ¢ ¸¡º ÍÅ¡ºõ ¸¡½¡Ð ”

- §¾¨ÃÂ÷

1. Excess of Kaba in the respiratory organs affect the Melnokku kal and Uyir kal and so the vayu is not able to reach the terminal points of respiration which producing gasping and laboured breathing.

2. Some authors say that the disease is caused by deranged Vadha. This thought is also acceptable because the destruction of Vayu in the respiratory tract is abnormally present.

3. Excessive intake of Vadha prompting diet induces Pitha Kutram. This type of Pitha produce more heat and this heat goes to head resulting in running nose, heaviness of head and neck, sneezing and also induces formation of water vapours in the lungs and causing narrowing of air passage, which leads to the onset of the disease. This is indicated as,

(58)

"À¢ò¾§Á Á¢Ìó¾¡ Ä£¨Ç Â¢ÕÁÖõ ¦ÀÄòÐ ¿¢üÌõ"

- §¿¡ö ¿¡¼ø §¿¡ö Ó¾ø ¿¡¼ø

So the changes in the diet and habits which increase Vadha and Kaba produce the clinical symptoms of Singimandha kanam.

In Uyir Nilaigal, Anagatham (chest) which is the residence of Udhanan (Melnokku kal) and Pranan (Uyir kal) is deranged.

When Pranan, the primary vayu is affected it leads to difficulty in breathing and involvement of Udhanan leads to cough and sneezing.

Involvement of Kirugaran leads to running nose, cough, sneezing.

Involvement of Devathathan leads to tiredness. Involvement of Samanan causes inability to control the other Vayus and causes loss of appetite.

Involvement of Sadhaga pitham leads to sluggishness. In Kaba, the derangement of Avalambagam leads to dyspnea, cough, wheezing. In the seven Udal Thathus, Saaram, Senneer are affected which leads to lethargy and depression. In severe cases Oon and Kozhuppu are also affected leads to symptoms of emaciation and body pain.

Vatha Kaba Naadi:

“ghq;fhd thjj;jpy; Nrj;Jk ehbg;

ghprpj;;jhy; jpkpHNkT Kisr;r yhFk;

(59)

jPq;fhd ,UkYld; re;jp Njhlk;

NrHe;j tplk; ntb#iy apUj;Nuhfk;

thq;fhj <is ke;jhu fhrk;

typAlNd GwtPr;RAs; tPr;R tPf;fk;

Xq;fhZQ;Ru KlNd Rthr fhrk;

cz;lhFk; ntF Neha;f;F KWjpjhNd”

- rjf ehb

Iya Naadi:

“jhdKs;s Nrj;J ke;jhdpsfpy; ntg;G>

rakPis apUky; ke;jhu fhrk;

<dKWQ; re;eptpl Njhlk; tpf;fy;

apUj;Nuhfq; fug;ghd; tpuz Njhlk;

khdidaPH #iyjpus; tpahjp tPf;fk;

tUQ;rf;jp Rthrk; neQ;rilg;G J}f;fk;

VdKWq; fhkhiy ghz;L Nrhig

VORuq;fs; gyJf;fk; tpl Kz;lhNk”

-

rjf ehb

Kaba Pitha Naadi:

“,lkhd Nrj;Jkj;jpy; gpj;j ehb

vOe;jZfpy; tplKlNd tPf;fKz;lhk;

jplkhd FspH fha;r;ry; kQ;rs; NehTe;

Njfj;jp Yisr;rypisg; gpUky; the;jp Tplkhd neQ;rilg;G Rthrk; tpf;fy;

ntF RuKk; ehtwl;rp ghz;LNuhfk;

mlkhd Ftisuj;j kjprhue;jhd;

mZfp ntFgy Neha;f;Fe; jlq;fz;lhNa”

-rjf ehb

Iya Ushnam:

“fjpg;ghd Nrj;Jkj;jpYl;bzq; $by;

fye;j FzQ;rakpUky; Rthrfhrk;

kjpg;ghd Nfhiouj;jk; tpg;GUjpAlNd

(60)

tsHehrpfh gPlkpUj; Nuhfk;

nfhjpg;ghd rpq;qitahf; fpuhzthA nfhl;lhtp tpf;fy; ke;jhufhrk;

Jjpg;ghd tPuyj;jpf; fha;Tuj;jk;

Njhd;WkpF gpzpgyTe; njhe;jpg;ghNk”

- rjf ehb

Iya Vayu:

“njhe;jpj;j Nrj;Jkj;jpy; thA$bj; njhlHe;j

Fd;kk; neQ;rilg;G Rthrfhfk;

te;jpj;j Fuy;jdpNy cWj;j yPis tOtOg;G ePUwy; kyj;jpy; rPjk;

nte;jpj;jy; nfhOj;jy; Fj;Je; jpkpHtpahjp tPr;RlNd typnal;Le; jpul;;rp ghz;l me;jpj;j fpWfpWg;G kaf;fk; tpf;fy;

Mdgy gpzpfSNk te;jl Ue;jhNd”

- rjf ehb

Hence the Naadi Nadai in Singimandha kanam are Kaba, Vadhakaba, Kaba Pitha, Iya Ushna, Iya Vayu Naadis.

Nei Kuri and Neer Kuri:

This urine examination is unique in Siddha system of Medicine. For this examination urine is collected in the early morning in a pure glass vessel.

Patient is advised to avoid excessive diet, and in take of diet during irregular timings on the previous day of examination.

“mUe;JkhwpujKk; mtpNuhjkjha;

m/fy; myHjy; mfhyT+d; jtpHe;jow;

Fw;wstUe;jp cwq;fp itfiw

(61)

Mbf;fyrj; jhtpNa fhJ nga;

njhUK$Hj;jf; fiyf;Fl;gL ePhpd;

epwf;Fwp nea;f;Fwp epUkpj;jy; flNd”

-

rpj;j kUe;Jthq;fr; RUf;fk;

‘te;j ePh;f; fhpnail kzk;Eiu vQ;r nyd;

iwe;jpa Ystit aiwFJ KiwNa”

-rpj;j kUj;Jthq;fr; RUf;fk

;.

“epwf;Fwpf; Fiuj;j epUkhz ePhpw;

rpwf;f ntz;nzNahH rpWJsp eLtpLj;

njd;Wj; jpwe;njhyp Nafhjikj;jjp dpd;wjptiy Nghk; newptpopawpTk;

nrd;wj GfYQ; nra;jpia AzNu”

- Neha; ehly; Neha; Kjdhly;

A drop of gingelly oil is dropped on a wide glass vessel containing the urine to be tested which is kept under sunlight in a calm place. The derangement of the three dhoshas can be diagnosed by the mode of spread of gingelly oil on the surface of urine.

“muntd ePz;bd; m/Nj thjk;”

“MopNghw; gutpd; m/Nj gpj;jk;”

“Kj;njhj;J epw;fpd; nkhoptnjd; fgNk”

- Neha; ehly; Neha; Kjdhly;

Oil spreading like a snake indicates Vatha.

Oil spreading like a ring indicates Pitha

Oil spreading like a pearl indicates Kaba