COMPUTER BASED DYNAMIC AUTOMATIC RAILWAY TRAFFIC CONTROL
by
Krishna Kant Computer Centro
Submitted
in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
to the
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI
MARCH 1980
TO
MY PARENTS
C E R T I F I C A
T
EThis is to certify that the thesis entitled, "COMPUTER BASED
DYNAMIC AUTOMATIC RAILWAY TRAFFIC CONTROL" is a record of
work done by Krishna Kant under my supervision and has not
been submitted elsewhere for a degree.
(DR. P.G. REDDY) Professor
Now Delhi, Computer Centre
March 1960 1.1 .T, Delhi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is a great pleasure fcr m to acknowledge the help of a number of people who were associated with this work both di-- rectly and indirectly.
Dr.P.G. Reddy, my thesis supervisor has been a constant source of new ideas and inspiration for me. In the moments of my depression, it was his encouragement that gave ma necessary fillip and direction. My gratitude for him cannot be expressed in words.
A number of persons of international repute helped ma in modelling my methodology for control. I am thankful to Doctor Ing Helmut Konig (SOB OFF FFS), Mr. Michel LEBURN (ALSTHOM ATLAN-»
TIQUE), Prof. Dr. rer. oec. habil. K.J. Richter (Hochschule fur Uerkehrswesen, Dresden), Mr.R.L.Barley (Missouri Pacific Rail — road Co.) for the trouble taken by them to study my work and
offer critical comments and helpful suggestions.
I also had long discussions with Prof. A.P. Ilathur (BITS, Pilani), 1r. A.J. Kumar (Joint Director, OR Coll, Railway Board, India), Mr. Surandra Nath (Joint Director, Computer Services,
Railway Board, India), Nr.Malhotra (Jhansi Division)and Mr. Vij (Jhansi Division) regarding dynamic control philosophy and vali- dation approach. They ales provided me all information and ne-- cessary data for validation. I take this opportunity to expre=ss my sincere thanks to them.
My elder brother Mr.Om Prakash, Sister
—in
—Law Mrs.Shanti Derma and nephew Master Vivek have not only indicated Bast resentment towards my neglect to hour .hold affairs but also encouraged me to work hard. I express my gratitude towards them .I am also thankful to IIr.P.I. Sadanandan who has helped me by typing the manuscript
root,
efficiently and nicely.I have learned the grassroot fundamentals of process control and
computer
communication during my 21/2 years stay in Radar Section, R.C.P.O, Ministry of Defence, which is no way, is less than en institution in itself. Iexpress my
sincere thanks to all the
members of
radar section R.C.P.D in this regard.ABSTRACT
The present work deals with the development of an Automatic Railway Traffic Control System based on a dynamic approach for
the Railway Traffic Control. It has been argued that the con- ventional static approach for Railway Tra;'fic Control is in-effi-- cient, unmethodical and needs thorough review and change. The need of automating the control process has also been argued.
A number of factors essential for the railway traffic con- trol have been identified and a formula for the calculation of Dynamic Priority Factor (DPF) has been developed. It has also been illustrated that the dynamic philosophy of railway control in which the train having higher value of DPF gets precedence is more methodical than the conventional one.
The validation of dynamic control approach over conventional static approach has been carried out by conducting experiment on the model of a section of railways in Jhansi Division. The gains have been quantified and the same have bean analysed qualitatively as well.
An Automatic Railway Traffic Control (ARTC) System adopting the dynamic approach for the control of railway traffic has also been developed. The necessary file structures to store the in- formation about various entities in the railway have also been developed. The software system (rRTC) developed using Fortran IV contains dynamic modules, to process arrival, departure and line
cloar for trains, supporting routines and a monitor sub—system.
The monitor system performs coordination between different dy- namic modules and keeps a check on arrival/departure of trains.
The implementation of ARTC System in railway environment has also been discussed. A computer network structure has been developed, to the level of individual units like modems concent- rators, etc., starting from basic system requirements. The st—
ructure of information that will be required to be, transferred during real time railway traffic control and the mode for infor- mation transfer have also been developed.
Finally, the guidelines for further work and implementation of ARTC system and computer network have been presented.
CONTENTS~
CN/!PTER TITLE PIGENO
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Present Railway Traffic Control Structure 4
1.1.1 Organization 4
1.1,2 Communication 5
1.1.3 Control Philosophy 6
1.2 Drawbacks B
1.3 Survey of work dona 9
1.3.1 Train most calculator 9
1.3,2 Train Moot Dolay Model 10
1.3.3 Singly; Track Density Delay Model 11 1.3,4 Simulation of Control and Movements 11
of Traffic in Railway Subnetwork
2 DYNAMIC RAILWAY TRAFFIC CONTROL 14
2,0 Introduction 14
2.1 Dynamic Control Philosophy 14
2.2 Essential Factors 17
2.3 Quantification 18
2.3.1 Static Priority Factor 18
2.3.2 Room Availability Factor 19
2.3.3 Detained for Dynamic Priority Factor 20
2.3.4 Dynamic Priority Dolay Factor 20
2.3•.5 Terminal Station Distance Factor 21
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO
2.3.6 Total Dotaind Train Delay Factor 22
2.3.7 Train D-lay Factor 23
2.3.8 Connecting Train Factor 23 2.4 Dynamic Priority Formula 24
2.5 Exampl;as 25
2.5.1 Example — I 25
2.5.2 Example -- II 26
3 AWTOMATIC RAI LIJ,^,Y TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM 30
3.0 Introduction 30
3.1 ARTC Environment 31
3.2 Data Structure 32
3.2.1 Railway Layout Information 33
3.2.1.1 Master Layout File 33
3.2.1.2 Section Layout Filc 34
3.2.1.3 Station Layout File 35
3.2.2 Train Information 36
3.2.3 Time Table Information 39 3.2.4 Train Schedule Information 40 3.2.5 Detained Train Information 41 3.2.6 Train Running Tima Information 43
3.3 Dynamic ARTC f edules 44
3.3.1 ALOE (SECTN, IS) Module 44 3.3.2 ASE (TRNO,STN,SECTN,LNNO,TARR,LV) Module 44 3.3.3 POSE (TRNO,FSTN,SECTNT,IW) module 45
CHAPTER TITLE ~ G PA CE NO
3;x.4 DSE (TRNO,FSTN,SECTNT,LNNO,TDPR) Module 45
3.4 ;RTC Supporting Routines 46
3.4.1 SRCFL (SECTN,CCNFLT,IRCFLT) 46
3.4.2 LNSLT (TRNO,STN,TIME,LNNO,TIME1) 46 3.4.3 DCDPR (SECTN,G0NFLT,IRGFLT,IO,LNNO,TIME) 47
3,5 ARTC Monitor System 48
3.5.1 ARTM1 48
3.5.2 ARTM2 49
3.5.3 ARTM3 50
3.5.4 ARTM4 50
3,6 Control Area Division 51
4 COMPUTER NETWORK FOR ARTC 53
4.0 Introduction 53
41.1 Network Structure 54
4.1.1 Global Level 54
4.1.2 Local Level 54
• 4.2 Communication Requirement 55
4.2.1 Communication Priorities 56
4.2.2 Communication Processor 57
4.2.3 Communication Line 58
4.2.4 Concentrator 58
4.2.5 Structure 58
4.3 Data Communication 60
4.3.1 Communication Status 60
4.3.2 Communication Request 60
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO
4.3.3 Message Transfer 61
4.4 Information Format 62
4.4.1 Operative Soction 63
4.4.2 Message Section 63
4.5 Error Detection and Correction 65
5 VALIDATION 67
5.0 Introduction 67
5.1 Validation Approach 67
5.2 Experiment Data 68
5.3 Experiment Results 69
5,4 Conclusions 70
6 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK 72
6.0 Introduction 72
6.1 Dynamic Priority Formula 73
6.2 Automatic Railway Traffic Control System 73
6.3 Computer Network for IRTC 74
REFERENCES 76
APPENDIX—A Static Priority Structure of Trains 79 APPENDIX—B Glossary of Codes used in ARTC Data Files 80 APPENDIX—C Definition of ;,RTC Common Variables 81
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO
APPENDIX—D
APPENDIX—E
APPENDIX—F
APP ENDI X—G
APPENDIX—H
APPENDIX—I
PPPENDIX—J
APPENDIX—K
APPENDIX-L
List of Supporting Routines 82
List of ARTC Errors 87
Running Time Data of Trains 90
Experiment Dataahout Trains 91
Control Chart with Present Control 92 Philosophy
Control Chart with Dynamic Control 93 Philosophy
Computer Listing of ARTC Monitor 94
Computer Listing of ARTC Dynamic Module 106
Computer Listing of DCDPR Routine 113
